Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Comptoirs (Établissements de commerce)'
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Genest, Serge D. "Continuités et ruptures des réseaux commerciaux des Amérindiens du Nord-Est : de la préhistoire récente à 1625." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29456.
Full textSaadani, Ahmed. "Les comptoirs au Maroc (1830-1912)." Bordeaux 3, 2003. https://extranet.u-bordeaux-montaigne.fr/memoires/diffusion.php?nnt=2003BOR30056.
Full textMorocco's economic history that exists thousand years ago knew the installation of merchant companies along the Mediterranean Sea and Atlantic Ocean coasts. Thes merchant companies have accomplished an outlet roll for commodities appreciated by the European merchants. The Moroccan merchant companies activity acquired importance thanks to the country strategic position, situated between the iberian Peninsula, the Sahara, the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. The Ocean became an attractive zone thanks to the control of the risks that jeopardized ships before the steamers appearence. The trans-saharan trade has withdrawn because of the assets of the shipping trade, which has taken more and more importancein the Moroccan eight harbours since the second half of the XIXth century. This trade allowed Morocco to appropriate the position of potential supplier of raw products to the European factories. This attractive pole seduced merchants of international renown whose firms are of great influence on the economy of the last decades of the XXth century. The foreign trade has been practiced by an elite of Moroccan and foreign merchants who have managed merchant companies installed in Morocco since many years ago or during the XIXth century. During the time between 1830 and 1912 we are studying, the firms possessing merchant companies belongs to a countries mosaic, especially Gibraltar, England, France, Sardinia, Genoa, Italy, Portugal, Belgium, Germany and Denmark. Moroccan owners or the agents of merchant companies believe in of the three monotheist religions. They had the assets that can allow them to lead the country to lay the strong economic foundations
Leroy, Damien. "Les établissements du réseau des chambres de commerce et d'industrie : monographie législative." Thesis, Paris 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA020051/document.
Full textThroughout its history, the network of the Chambers of commerce and industry has demonstrated its capacity to support the enterprises and the economic development of territories. Aware of the profound changes of their environment, the Chambers of commerce have been part of an important reforming process for years, completed with the passage of the Act of July 23, 2010 regarding Chambers of Commerce and Industry, Trade, Crafts and Services. Anyhow, the Act of July 23, 2010, expected to be rationalizing the functioning of the Chambers of commerce and industry network, is a compromise borne out of difficult and complex negotiations. The reform remains incomplete, with its share of difficulties and inconsistencies. At the time of the streamlining of global public policies, the fact that the consular network has been unwilling to pay greater attention to the concepts of mutualizing or merger could appear to be detrimental. Indeed, many of our European neighbors have already adopted a rational consolidation strategy of these consular structures - the Chambers of Commerce & Industry, the Chambers of Trades and Crafts and the Chambers of Agriculture - in a single structure. Therefore, it seems fair to question the relevancy of such an unachieved reform
Prêteux, Franck. "La Propontide et ses détroits dans l'Antiquité grecque (VIIIe-Ier siècles av. J. -C. ) : géographie historique et développement des implantations littorales." Paris 4, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA040207.
Full textDuring greek period, the geographical region called 'the Strait' was the main entry road to Euxin for traders. To Athenians and others Greeeks, this region was seen as an unified space. In fact, litterary, epigraphical and numismatical evidences show that greek ancient fondations around the Propontis and the straits used their religious traditions and foreign people in the vinicity to grow. The main purpose was to keep control on territory and political institutions of the polis. To conclude, we can't speak about a unique region called 'the Straits'. We shall consider three or more geographical areas with greek city, having their own developpment's way
Thiam, Samba. "Les indigènes paysans entre maisons de commerce et administration coloniale : pratiques et institutions de crédit au Sénégal (1840-1940)." Montpellier 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON10009.
Full textMuller, Séverin. "Sociologie du risque sanitaire dans les abattoirs : des établissements municipaux aux sites industriels de 1869 à 2000." Paris 8, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA082008.
Full textTerrades, Yves. "Les modes de l'évolution : connaissance et sens de l'histoire dans l'histoire philosophique et politique des établissements et du commerce des Européens dans les deux Indes (1770) de Guillaume Thomas Raynal (1713-1796)." Orléans, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ORLE1022.
Full textModes of evolution in the history of the two indies by abbot Raynal, as seen through learnings, ideologies and discourses, represent a significant grid of interpretation of the philosophical vision of its authors. This cross-disciplinary research on the intertextuality of the concept of evolution allows for an in-depth understanding of different aspects : physical anthropology, social anthropology, economies, the myth of origins, despotism ant utopia. The issue of the historicity of this work confirms the role of the written history in supporting pre-revolutionnary values. All descriptions on colonies and Europe, on so-called primitive societies as well as on so-called civilised ones, refer to a scientific or philosophical discourse on modes of evolution. This discourse aims at denouncing colonial abuses. It advocates love among men based on fair laws, equitable commerce and booming agriculture. This discourse of the history of the two indies is ambivalent due, on the one hand to the diversity of its authors and, on the other hand to use of history for purposes of propaganda
Ōji, Kenta. "Malaise dans l’Europe moderne : aux origines de l’Histoire des deux Indes de Guillaume-Thomas Raynal." Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100082.
Full textFamous for Diderot’s contributions to it, the Histoire des deux Indes (1770/1774/1780) should be regarded as the culmination of Guillaume-Thomas Raynal’s career of historian since the middle of 18th century, the age of Enlightenment. As we show, his work represents at first his intervention in the debates on the reforms of the trade in two Indies, raised in France after the Seven Years War. As a modern history of Europeans’ commercial expansion in the world, it is also complementary to the Histoire des Guerres, which examines the wars on the European continent in modern times: thus it echoes the transformation of the balance of power after the Diplomatic Revolution. Finally, it is an avatar of a personal project of a political history of the modern Europe, that Raynal launched with the Mémoires historiques (1753/1754), in response to two debates, questioning severely the modern monarchy: that is, one on the origins of the French monarchy, the other on the first Discourse of Rousseau. A faithful follower of Montesquieu, Raynal was keenly aware of the precariousness of the national cohesion in modern Europe, which is exposed to outside enemies, as well as to internal risks of despotism and social disintegration; this awareness led him to intervene on public opinion as a patriotic philosopher, in order to promote the rise of the third-estate and the constitution of an autonomous economic and social space. Hence, the ideal of "civilization" that the Histoire des deux Indes advocates, though this claim of peace, prosperity and liberty, actually reveals the existing conflicts in France and Europe at the end of the ancient regime
Marianne, Blanchard. "Socio-histoire d'une entreprise éducative : le développement des Ecoles supérieures de commerce en France (fin du XIXe siècle-2010)." Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00785740.
Full textDriard, Cyril. "Les établissements littoraux de la province romaine de Lyonnaise : Contribution à l'étude de l'habitat dispersé et de l'exploitation des ressources maritimes sur les côtes de l'Atlantique et de la Manche dans l'Antiquité." Thesis, Tours, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOUR2024/document.
Full textWith a coastline of at least 3000 kilometers, the Roman province of Lugdunensis is the most maritime area of the Gallic territories. This thesis deals with the occupation of the coastal countryside, dotted with villae, farms and craft workshops, between the 1st and 5th centuries AD. The main objective is to understand how the rural areas were managed and how roman society adapted to and transformed this landscape. This study also addresses the question of the dissemination of “villae maritimae” along the Atlantic coast. Themes covered included the organisation of Roman coastal settlements and their architectural influences, the role of farms in the management and exploitation of marine resources, and lastly, the types of products produced. The archaeological information available for use is extensive although dated, difficult to exploit, and as a such the analysis suffers. However, several recent surveys and excavations have allowed for the collection of new data about Roman salting and fish sauce workshops in western Gaul. Atlantic Coast and English Channel
Lignon-Darmaillac, Sophie. "Les grandes maisons viticoles du vignoble de Jerez de la Frontera : 1834-1992." Bordeaux 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR30040.
Full textParis, Pierre-Emmanuel. "Au fil de l'os, économie et société des populations protohistoriques du nord-est de la France à partir de la documentation archéozoologique : les cas de Villeneuve-Saint-Germain et de Condé-sur-Suippe." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010687.
Full textThe purpose of this research is to approach the economic issues that took place during the last 2 centuries B.C. (with the emergence of Gallic cities) through the study of the fauna remains recovered mostly from Condé-sur-Suippe, in the territory of the Remi, and also from Villeneuve-Saint-Germain, the capital of the Suessiones. Dating respectively from 120 to 90 and from 90 to 40 BCE, these fortified communities (or oppida) are among the most important in Europe, not only because of their size (over a hundred hectares each) and of the exceptional conservation of their town planning but also because of their almost unequalled faunal wealth (over 250.000 bones in Villeneuve-Saint-Germain alone). Two different lines of investigation will be pursued :- on the one hand, an intrasite study for each of the two sites aiming to determine the manner in which the populations settled in these enclosed spaces and the probable spatial evolutions that took place during the phase in question, -on the other hand, the second level of analysis will endeavour to examine broader issues concerning the hierarchical organisation of urban spaces in the Gaulish territories of the Remi and of the Suessiones. The four categories of building complexes recorded until now - farms, «aristocratie» farms, villages and fortified communities - were most probably distinguished in terms of function, administration and, in brief, a precise hierarchy, reflected or not, on the archaeological material. In this context fauna would not be an exception.The research project will hence attempt to cast a new light on these fortified communities which are the outcome of a long stratification process within the Gaulish society
Granata, Julien. "Déterminants, modalités et performance des stratégies collectives en PME : le cas du syndicat de producteurs de vin du Pic Saint-Loup." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON10026.
Full textIn a globalized economy and crisis context, companies initiate collective strategies (Astley and Fombrun, 1983). Collective strategies (Le Roy, 2006) characterize horizontal relationships of large numbers, in which competitors create a federal structure of coordination. They occur particularly on sectors where many SMEs operate, these companies remain vulnerable to environmental forces and need linking their destiny to survive. The case study of Pic Saint-Loup winegrowers Union, which led to realize forty-five semi-structured interviews, combined with direct observation supported by a professional position in the industry, highlighted some number of results. On the one hand, psychological determinants affect the ability of managers to engage in collective strategies. On the other hand, stakeholder groups, including the instigators of the strategy, make superior economic performance out of this central position within the manager network. Finally, the management paradox by the manager involved in collective strategy analyzes, show analysis phases of competition and collaboration and highlights a discontinuity of flow which generates an alternating functions process
Cocoual, Mathilde. "Aux sources des parfums : Industrialisation et approvisionnement de la parfumerie grassoise (milieu XIXe – milieu XXe siècle)." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR2045/document.
Full textDuring the XIXth century, the beggining of industrialisation of perfumery in the world. Specifically inFrance and in Grasse. Resulted in an augmentation in raw materials in spite of the invention and theincrease of the synthetic molecules in the perfume and aromatic composition. In order to supply itselfin raw materials, many French and Grasse society organise trade relations with foreign countries, likeItaly and Bulgaria. In the same time, the increasing establishment of the perfumers in Africa, Asia,America and Oceania, corresponds in diversified strategies according to the mobilized colonies : inthe Maghreb, they extend the culture of mediterranean raw materials ; in Indo-China and Guyana,they are supplied out of specific raw materials like the star anise or the rose wood ; while Africa andOceania, they serve as a laboratory for multiple acclimatizations of mediterranean raw material andalso tropical species, like vanilla or ylang-ylang. Among these « colonial laboratories », the islandsof the Indian Ocean, for which ylang-ylang, geranium, clove or vanilla, were, until the XIXth century,completely unknown. They became one of the principal world production centers of raw materialsunder the influence of the French and Grasse perfumers. The objective of this thesis is to considerthis singular trajectory, since the rise of the first factories in France until the creation of a worldnetwork of supply. It also questions the links and the relations between the various producing zonesand the Grasse perfumery
Kurzaj, Marie-Caroline. "Peuplements et échanges entre Gaule interne et Gaule méditerranéenne dans le sud-est du Massif central à la fin du Second âge du fer (160 - 25 avant J. C.)." Thesis, Dijon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012DIJOL028.
Full textThis study provides a synthesis about the ending period of the second Iron Age (160-25 BC) in the southeast Massif Central. The geographical zone that I study here includes several regions (Auvergne, Languedoc-Roussillon, Rhône-Alpes) and departments (the Ardèche, the Gard, the Loire, the Haute-Loire, the Lozère, the Rhône). During the ending period of the second Iron Age, this region gathers the territories of two cultural entities: the independent Gaul (Gabali, Segusiavi and Vellavi) and the Mediterranean Gaul (Allobroges, Helvii, Segalauni and Volcae Arecomici). The aim of this study thus is to offer a global vision of furniture facies, land use and commercial dynamics in this geographical area. This initiative bases itself on a recent critical reading of the archaeological data accumulated in this region since the 19th century.The plan adopted is made of three chapters.The first one aims at presenting the frame, the context and the methodological approach of the study. The second chapter is dedicated to the detailed examination of the data according to two important subjects: the material culture and the occupation types.The third chapter offers a synthesis and a confrontation of the data.The characteristics of this region are compared here.The main markers of the material culture are exposed and a model of hierarchical structuring of the occupation is proposed from a classification of the various categories of housing environment. Finally, the results of the analysis of furniture and land use are shared, in order to compare the specific markers of the territorial organization in the southeast of Massif Central
Gilles, Amaury. "Vivre et produire dans les campagnes de la colonie de Valence (IIe s. av. J.-C. - VIe s. apr. J.-C.)." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2014.
Full textDuring the Antiquity, Valence is known as a roman colony like Lyon, Arles or Vienna, settled in the middle Rhône valley at the confluent of the Rhône and the Isère, and also at the crossroads of alpine route and the Via Agrippa. This strategic position confers to the colony an important role in the economy of the roman Gaul. Since the early Iron Age, this area is a link between the mediterranean and the celtic worlds.Even if the region is conquered by Rome since the end of the II c. B.-C., the colony is founded later, perhaps between 46 and 36 B.-C. and maybe already own his prestigious status of colonia of roman rights according to P. Faure and N. Tran hypothesis (2013). As a consequence of the foundation, the public soil is divided, centuriated, and distributed to thousands of new citizens.In this specific historical context, the citizens are chosen among the veterans of the roman army, who were Italians at this time. This decision should have huge demographic and cultural consequences on local communities. The legal status of the citizens gives them considerable economics advantages that stimulate the local economy. The studies devoted to the gallic provinces have shown that the following centuries see numerous changes affecting settlements and economic structures.Considering this historical context, I have chosen to evaluate the cultural and economic impact of this foundation by studying settlement patterns and material culture (architectural remains, objects of the daily life) between the II c. B.-C. to the VIth c. B.-C.The study of few hundreds of settlements allows us to introduce a complex and diachronic view of the settlements, their economic roles and relations with the colony.The chronological and functional study of the buildings and daily life objects allow us to assess finely the evolution through time about craftsmen’s techniques, lifestyle and highlight regional differences during a same period
Nicolau, Ludovic. "Étude des discours experts sur la régulation et la criminalisation du trafic d'organes." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/13657.
Full textThis study describes and examines the regulation of trafficking on human organs, tissues and cells by comparing several international protocols, legislations and their recommendations. We selected, analyzed and compared the most significant discourses of four types of organizations: international medical associations, the United Nations, the World Health Organization and the Council of Europe. We aimed to understand their point of view on the commercialisation of human organs and more specifically the trafficking of human organs through 17 texts produced between 1987 and 2014. The analysis of the discourses produced by experts reveals that the ethical perspective dominates. Furthermore, our analysis highlights the convergence of these discourses on the necessity to adopt a double strategy based on both prevention and criminalization of organs trafficking as well as on the link between the increasing shortage of human organs and trafficking. The discourses advocating for regulation and criminalization have evolved, resulting in a more complex and precise conceptualisation of organ trafficking, a concept which remains non-consensual. As for strategies, we observe that the evolution of discourses is significant but uneven. It is mainly in the discourses produced by experts after 2000 that we find more concrete strategies proposed. The two types of strategies most often put forward by the experts of all organizations are the regulation of financial transactions, particularly through the regulation of practices by medical personnel and intermediaries, and the prescriptions surrounding the consent form. Finally, our analysis demonstrates how nuances and breaches to the principle prohibiting the commercialism of human organs are made possible through a discussion of specific types of organs, tissues and cells.