Academic literature on the topic 'Compulsory mention'

The category of age is the only category of discrimination that includes all human beings—if they live long enough. With other categories—racial, caste-based, ethno-religious, gender-based, sexual, and disability-based, the dominant group can view itself as immune from the traits it imputes to the group targeted for discrimination. Because age and its signs are associated with death, this condition is regarded with particular fear and with a disgust closely linked to fear. It is thus no surprise that one of the most tenacious types of prejudice in all societies is prejudice against people who are aging. They are stigmatized in popular culture and discourse, and very often law gives sanction to those forms of stigma. The bodies of aging people remind younger people of their own frailty and mortality, and popular discourse portrays those bodies as incompetent, unattractive, even revolting. Moreover, even ageing people themselves often come to feel disgust with their own bodies, as new research proposes. This stigma is itself a social problem, producing much unhappiness, and it leads to various forms of injustice, such as discrimination against aging people in employment and in informal social interactions, not to mention the huge social evil of compulsory retirement. Age may well be the new issue for our time, since discrimination on the basis of age deprives all societies of valuable human capital. After situating this case in the context of my theory of disgust and stigma, I focus on the special aspects of this case.

This chapter focuses on the main judicial organ of the United Nations, the International Court of Justice (ICJ), and its relation to the Islamic milieu. It examines the Islamic milieu’s views of the Court’s compulsory and compromissory jurisdictions. The Court has been constructed according to the secular Western legal logic, and its jurisprudence rarely refers to the Islamic legal tradition. The chapter presents an analysis of the ICJ’s jurisprudence—judgments and advisory opinions—and the position of Islamic law-based arguments in the Court. Empirical analyses show that the Islamic milieu does not project a uniform attitude toward the ICJ. Depending on their domestic legal systems, some ILS are likely to accept the jurisdiction of the Court and some shy away from international adjudication. In particular, the presence of a secular court system and constitutional mentions of peaceful resolution of disputes promote a favorable attitude toward the ICJ among its Islamic audience.

The purpose of this study is to define the concept of public-private cooperation, to talk about its advantages and disadvantages and to examine its reflections on the health sector. In this context, the main features of the Public Private Partnership and the financing models applied throughout the world have been mentioned by making extensive literature review. In addition to this, the effects of public-private cooperation on health sector practices are discussed and the benefit of the synergy created as a result of cooperation is emphasized. In the literature review, the creation of Public Private Partnerships for various purposes together with various financing models, the services public and private sector provide for a common purpose, the risk sharing resulting from all these factors have been discussed. It is stated that the provision of compulsory public services by the government in cooperation with the private sector adds value to projects both in terms of innovation and time cost.

Th e new Law on Compulsory Traffi c Insurance has recently entered into force in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. By enacting of this Law the high level of harmonization with EU-acquis has been achieved. Besides, the interstate harmonization, i.e. equalization with the same-named Law act in Republic of Srpska has also been achieved. Th e special characteristic of this Law that diff ers it from the similar acts in SEE region and wider, is regulating of the rules for determination of the scope of pecuniary and non-pecuniary damage occurred in a traffi c accident. Th e set of rules is pr