Relevant bibliographies by topics / Compulsory representation

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Compulsory representation'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Compulsory representation"

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Richard. "COMPULSORY VOTING AND SYMBOLIC REPRESENTATION." Public Affairs Quarterly 35, no. 2 (2021): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/48616071.

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Harcourt, Mark, and Helen Lam. "COMPULSORY PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION: ALLAYING POTENTIAL CONCERNS." WorkingUSA 11, no. 3 (September 2008): 349–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1743-4580.2008.00210.x.

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Guntermann, Eric, Ruth Dassonneville, and Peter Miller. "Are inequalities in representation lower under compulsory voting?" Policy Studies 41, no. 2-3 (November 22, 2019): 151–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01442872.2019.1694649.

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Malkopoulou, Anthoula. "Compulsory voting and right-wing populism: mobilisation, representation and socioeconomic inequalities." Australian Journal of Political Science 55, no. 3 (June 8, 2020): 276–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10361146.2020.1774507.

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Coletta, Jennifer. "The Missing B Word: Compulsory Binarization and Bisexual Representation in Children's Literature." Jeunesse: Young People, Texts, Cultures 10, no. 1 (2018): 85–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jeu.2018.0004.

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Buys, Andrew. "In Pursuit of Women’s Representation: A Pragmatic Approach to Improving Women’s Representation in Canadian Politics." Agora: Political Science Undergraduate Journal 2, no. 2 (May 13, 2012): 197–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/agora17245.

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This essay addresses the democratic deficit in women's representation in Canadian politics that hinders the access of all citizens in Canada to free, equal, and meaningful opportunities to engage in all levels of political affairs. In doing so, a number of socio-cultural and structural barriers to women's participation in federal politics are identified. In turn, strategies to overcome these barriers are presented while making effort to tackle the conditions underlying women’s misrepresentation, as opposed to promoting explicitly compulsory solutions such as affirmative action legislation. The purpose of my research is to guide Canadian policy structures and social standards toward a new paradigm in Canadian politics where women are liberated from having to face the tension between the implications of their status as the 'other' and their desire to meaningfully contribute to the political affairs of the Canadian state.
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FRANKLIN, MARK N. "Electoral Engineering and Cross-National Turnout Differences: What Role for Compulsory Voting?" British Journal of Political Science 29, no. 1 (January 1999): 205–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007123499210095.

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Low electoral turnout is often considered to be bad for democracy, whether inherently or because it calls legitimacy into question or because low turnout implies lack of representation of certain groups and inegalitarian policies. Yet there would appear to be a straightforward cure for low turnout: make voting compulsory. Of the twenty-five countries in the International Almanac of Electoral History for which Katz has collected institutional data, four have compulsory voting. Turnout in these countries averages 89 per cent, as compared to 75 per cent in the other twenty-one countries.
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Moser, Stephanie, Susanne Elisabeth Bruppacher, and Frederic de Simoni. "Public Representation of Ubiquitous ICT Applications in the Outpatient Health Sector." International Journal of Technology and Human Interaction 7, no. 4 (October 2011): 62–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jthi.2011100105.

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ICT advances will bring a new generation of ubiquitous applications, opening up new possibilities for the health sector. However, the social impacts of this trend have largely remained unexplored. This study investigates the public representation of future ICT applications in the outpatient health sector in terms of their social acceptance. Mental models of ICT applications were elicited from inhabitants of Berlin, Germany, by means of qualitative interviews. The findings revealed that the interviewees felt ambivalent about anticipated changes; only if ICT use were to be voluntary and restricted to single applications and trustworthy institutions did they expect individual benefits. Concerns about data transmission to unauthorized third parties and widespread technological dissemination forcing compulsory participation led people to feel averse to such technology. Implications for potential implementation of future ICT applications in the outpatient health sector are discussed.
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LIJPHART, AREND. "Democracy in the 21st century: can we be optimistic?" European Review 9, no. 2 (May 2001): 169–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798701000163.

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The prospects for the spread of democracy around the world in the 21st century appear to be bright, but there are also important reasons for pessimism. One is that politicians and constitution-writers in the democracies are not aware of, or choose to ignore, compelling social science evidence concerning the superiority of parliamentary systems of government and proportional representation (in contrast to presidential government and majoritarian electoral systems). The older democracies are not in danger of failing, but they are losing much of their democratic vitality, as seen in the decline of people's interest in politics, decreasing voter participation, and the serious weakening of political parties. For these problems, too, parliamentarism and proportional representation are at least partial remedies, but stronger measures (such as compulsory voting) also deserve to be considered seriously
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Emaliana, Ive, and Arcci Tusita. "EXPLORING GENDER REPRESENTATION: PATRIARCHAL PERPECTIVES FROM EFL SECONDARY SCHOOL TEXTBOOKS IN INDONESIA." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 7, no. 11 (June 11, 2020): 146–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v7.i11.2020.345.

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This paper seeks to investigate whether the Indonesian government's attempt to promote a gender-equal society in recent decades and improve gender awareness are reflected in patterns of gender representation in EFL textbooks in secondary schools. The study made an analysis of four compulsory textbooks published in 2016 with corpus linguistic tools (e.g. pronouns, occupation, amount of talk) and how gender is represented in the visuals (or illustrations) through conducting frequency counts of the occurrence of male and female characters and the spheres of activities they engaged, to investigate the ration of female-to-male appearances, the extent of use of gender-neutral, and gender-marked constructions, common address titles for reference, and order of appearance of women and men. The findings show that there is a need for evaluation of the existing language textbooks in secondary schools, with the aim of promoting a more gender-balanced learning material. Moreover, the classroom teachers raise the need for the promotion of initial as well as in-service training for teachers on issues of ‘gender stereotypes’, ‘language sexism’ and ‘gender-mainstreaming policies’.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Compulsory representation"

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Reid, Gavin. "Power, decision-making and the representation of interests : a case study of compulsory competitive tendering for Local Authority Sport and Leisure Management." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320721.

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This thesis provides a critical analysis of the extension of Compulsory Competitive Tendering (CCT) to the management of local authority sport & leisure facilities. Rather than examining the impact of CCT on local authorities, the research looked at how local authorities have defined the legislation and with what effect on the representation of interests. It achieves this by using the concept of 'power' to inform its institutional economic analytical framework and methodological process. Chapter 1 provides a brief definition of the study's key terms and their relevance to sport and leisure policy-making. A historical analysis of the local authority role in recreation from the pre-industrial to the present is put forward in Chapter 2. This seeks to explain the process of developments in public policy for leisure and thus highlight factors with the potential to impact on the social construction of the sport and leisure market. This serves to put CCT, or more specifically the problem of competition for local authorities, in its historical context. Chapter 3 outlines the study's methodological process which is informed by a particular model of power (Lukes, S. 1974 Power: A Radical View). In Chapter 4 the results of a large scale postal survey of local authority Chief Leisure Officers and Directors of commercial leisure companies are put forward to give initial notice of the 'winners and losers' in the CCT process and the extent of activity and inactivity of particular interest groups. Chapters 5 & 6 provide a theoretical progression within the field of institutional economics that is capable of understanding the political realities of the CCT process. An initial transactions cost analytical framework is put forward in Chapter 5 and then informed by an evolutionary institutional economic analysis in Chapter 6. Neoclassical, transactions cost and old institutional economic theory are criticised for having a limited conceptualisation of power and a resultant inadequate appreciation of how more subtle processes can serve to obstruct some interests and encourage others in the competition for sport and leisure contract specifications. Chapters 7 & 8 apply the new methodological process and analytical framework to two indepth case studies. These survey a range of interested 'actors' on a range of issues to highlight if, how and why some issues (and thus people) are able to reach the CCT decision-making process while others are organised out. Relevant written material within each authority is also considered to explain possible variations between theory and practice. The aim is to show how the organisation of the process of decision-making can influence the competition for contract specifications and what are perceived as acceptable/unacceptable costs. Recommendations are then put forward that could overcome perceived obstacles to a greater representation of interestsChapter 9 informs the previous economic analyses by using practitioners' and users' responses from both case studies. In particular. an effort is made to provide a critique of transactions cost theory as it has been applied to CCT for sport and leisure, while also putting forward an evolutionary institutional economic analysis that appreciates the role of power, values and ideology. Chapter 10 concludes with an overview of how the thesis fulfils the academic requirements of a doctoral research project
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Lilja, Malin. "“This is who I am” : Representation av asexualitet i samtida coming of age-litteratur." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för humaniora och samhällsvetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-42677.

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Syftet med studien är att utforska representationer av asexualitet i samtida coming of age-ungdomsromaner med fokus på hur asexualitet (o)möjliggörs som en oproblematiserad position. Detta görs genom en närläsning av romanerna Tash Hearts Tolstoy, Let’s Talk About Love, Loveless och Beyond the Black Door utifrån ett queerteoretiskt perspektiv. Romanernas skildringar av asexualitet utmanar föreställningar om att sexuellt begär är en essentiell del i vuxenblivandet och tillåter den asexuella positionen att existera utan att formas av negativa stereotyper. Romanernas huvudpersoner genomgår processer av att komma till insikt om sin asexuella identitet, acceptera den för sig själva och komma ut med den för omgivningen. Den obligatoriska sexualiteten är ständigt närvarande i dessa processer men det är den asexuella positionens marginaliserade position jämte den obligatoriska sexualiteten som framställs som problemet snarare än asexualiteten i sig.
The aim of the study is to explore representations of asexuality in contemporary coming of age young adult novels with a focus on how asexuality is made (im)possible as an unproblematic position. This is done through a close reading of the novels Tash Hearts Tolstoy, Let’s Talk About Love, Loveless and Beyond the Black Door from a queer theoretical perspective. The novels’ depictions of asexuality challenge notions that sexual desire is an essential part of becoming an adult and allow the asexual position to exist without being shaped by negative stereotypes. The protagonists of the novels go through processes of realizing and accepting their asexuality for themselves and also coming out to their surroundings. Compulsory sexuality is constantly present in these processes, but it is the marginalization of the asexual position in relation to compulsory sexuality that is understood as the problem rather than asexuality itself.

2021-06-02

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Yoshioka, Aiko. "Analysing representations of the comfort women issue : gender, race, nation and subjectivities /." Title page, table of contents and preface only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARM/09army65.pdf.

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Lundström, Agneta. "Lärare och konflikthantering : En undersökande studie ur ett könsperspektiv." Licentiate thesis, Umeå University, Department of Child and Youth education, Special Education and Counselling, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-10004.

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This dissertation explores ten teachers´ approaches to managing conflicts with/between pupils. The relevance of gender is analysed according to the strategies and representations chosen by the teachers. The methods used for data collection include ´rounds´, role-plays and ongoing reflexivity, mainly in single-sex groups. Three main strategies were identified in managing conflicts with/between pupils: challenging, confirming and physically touching. The strategy of challenging reveals that teachers have high expectations of how competent pupils ought to be. It is no longer enough to be competent and independent as a pupil (in Sweden); he or she is also expected to have an integrated ethic of caring. Values such as an ethic of caring are conventionally associated with femininity, and are usually invisible and/or low status; though they have now become the dominant norm for both female and male teachers. The strategy of confirming is used to give support to the pupil but there is a risk of confirming one individual “too much” which can lead to relational problems with other pupils. Physical touching as a strategy relates to dilemmas arising from gendered expectations of physicality in teacher-pupil interaction. Overall, difficulties were found in getting male teachers to discuss and ‘role-play’ conflicts with girls, which did not arise with female teachers concerning conflicts with boys. Also criticized were the demands on teachers’ workloads as a result of their social responsibility for pupils’ welfare, and also lack of institutional support. When the teachers had time to reflect together on their experiences, they seemed willing to criticize norms and representations. Four phases in the mode of talking were identified: (1) the telling of an experience; (2) interpretation of experience as a form of difference, either as deviance or according to gender; (3) narration of experience that contradicts the above dichotomy of difference; and (4) ongoing reflexivity resulting in motivation to change strategy or strengthen former strategies based on a wider awareness of work context.

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Murph, Karen S. "Negotiating the master narratives of prostitution, slavery, and rape in the testimonies by and representations of Korean sex slaves of the Japanese military (1932-1945)." Connect to Electronic Thesis (ProQuest) Connect to Electronic Thesis (CONTENTdm), 2008. http://worldcat.org/oclc/451026166/viewonline.

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Jacobsson, Maritha. "Terapeutens rätt : rättslig och terapeutisk logik i domstolsförhandlingar." Doctoral thesis, Umeå University, Social Welfare, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-882.

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In this dissertation, I explore a quite unique legal situation, namely administrative court hearings relating to coercive interventions: the Care of Young Persons Act (LVU), Care of Abusers (Special Provisions) Act (LVM), and the Compulsory Psychiatric Care Act (LPT). There are three central participatory roles in the court hearings: The official party is the authority who files the application for coercive intervention – either a chief psychiatrist or a social welfare board (typically represented by a social worker or sometimes a lawyer assisted by a social worker), whereas the citizen party is the person about whom the application is brought. The citizen party is represented by a legal representative. The professionals represent two different logics: therapeutic and judicial.

The purpose of this dissertation has been to study the tension between therapeutic and judicial logic in court hearings relating to compulsory care. With theoretical concepts from Scott (1995) and Wetherell & Potter (1998), it is possible to say that the therapeutic and judicial logics are built up by institutional elements that are communicated through interpretative repertoires. Three questions are central:

1. How do professional participators handle the different role expectations embedded in therapeutic and judicial logic? In this case, I am particularly interested in role conflicts faced by social workers and psychiatrists.

2. How do different institutional elements (regulative, normative/cognitive) play out in the court hearings?

3. To what extent can these court hearings be considered a scrutinizing order of discourse, where the arguments of official party are subjected to critical examination?

In my analysis I am inspired by both critical discourse analysis and organizational theory, more precisely, new institutionalism. These two perspectives provide useful insights and make it possible to combine the micro- and macro levels in the analysis. Data for the analysis consist of 43 court hearings and 31 interviews, gathered from two different county administrative courts in Sweden. All written documents used and produced by the courts are also part of our data.

The dissertation consists of five studies that indicate that the court hearings hardly can be described as a scrutinising order of discourse. In spite of this, the court constantly finds that the legal criteria for coercive intervention are satisfied. Neither the official party nor the legal representative argue according to a judicial logic. Instead, therapeutic logic dominates the order of discourse. When the arguments for compulsory care are therapeutic, they are not explicitly related to the criteria in the law. In my interpretation, the reason why the conflict between therapeutic and judicial logic is not realised can be found in the existence of a logic of normalisation. This ideological logic of normalisation can be found in most of the institutions in the Swedish society and are built on the idea of traditional welfare norms.

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Dupouy, Myriam. "Dire (avec) l'accent : représentations et attitudes liées aux accents en formation linguistique obligatoire pour adultes migrants allophones." Thesis, Brest, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BRES0008.

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Depuis la loi du 24 juillet 2006 relative à l’immigration et l’intégration et la mise en place du Contrat d’Accueil et d’Intégration (Contrat d’Intégration Républicaine depuis 2016), la formation linguistique pour les adultes migrants allophones est obligatoire lorsque leur niveau en langue française est inférieur au niveau A1 du Cadre européen commun de référence pour les langues. Les organismes de formation dispensant ces formations en Français langue d’intégration accueillent les stagiaires dont le point commun est la prescription obligatoire, le contexte de formation étant fortement marqué par l’hétérogénéité des profils, notamment plurilingues. La recherche proposée ici et menée en Région Bretagne s’attache à analyser les représentations liées aux accents, du point de vue de la perception, de la réception et de l’enseignement afin de comprendre les enjeux sous-tendus par les usages de cette notion chez les stagiaires et les formateurs. Ainsi, ce travail analyse des discours épilinguistiques axiologiques présentant les accents comme marqueurs identitaires, révélateurs des rapports à la norme du français et aux langues « déjà là » en contexte de migration, pour déceler et comprendre les sentiments d’insécurité linguistique et d’illégitimité liés aux enjeux socio-politiques de l’injonction à l’intégration
Since the French law of 24 July 2006 on immigration and integration and the implementation of the Reception and Integration Contract (called the Republican Integration Contract since 2016), language training has become compulsory for adult allophone migrants with French language proficiency below level A1 of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages. The training organizations that provide these French as a language of integration courses, host trainees with compulsory registration in common, within a training context that is strongly characterized by a diversity of profiles, particularly multilingual ones. The research proposed here, conducted in the Region of Brittany, analyses representations of accents, from a perception, reception and teaching perspective, in order to understand the challenges underpinning the uses of this notion among trainees and trainers. Thus, this work analyses the axiological epilinguistic discourse that presents accents as identity markers revealing relationships to both standard French and “pre-existing” languages in a migration context. Its objective is to identify and understand the feelings of linguistic insecurity and illegitimacy linked to socio-political integration-related challenges
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Lhadi, Jérémy. "L'influence des normes européennes sur la procédure civile d'appel avec représentation obligatoire." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE3064.

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Les normes européennes, qu'elles émanent de l'Union Européenne ou découlent de la Convention Européenne des droits de l'Homme, telle qu'interprétée par la Cour EDH, ont un impact sur l'ensemble de l'ordre juridique étatique des États concernés. Parmi les matières irradiées par le droit européen au sens large, la procédure civile ne fait pas exception mais la matière processuelle demeure traitée de façon singulière par les institutions supra-nationale, à plus forte raison pour la procédure suivie devant les juridictions de recours. Si à raison des ordres juridiques, les normes européennes à valeur supérieure à la loi ont nécessairement une influence sur la procédure civile d'appel, ce n'est qu'en raison de la volonté des autorités françaises que cette influence trouve une réalisation concrète. En effet, au cours de l'adoption de la réforme de la procédure civile d'appel, en 2009, le pouvoir règlementaire a exprimé le souhait d'adopter une procédure d'appel conforme aux exigences européennes du procès civil, en particulier de l'article 6§1 de la Convention EDH et du principe du procès équitable. Pour autant, si cette influence est incontestable, elle se trouve limitée à divers égards. D'une part, l'autonomie procédurale des États a été fermement consacrée par les autorités de l'Union qui ne s'est attribuée aucune compétence en la matière, et la jurisprudence de la Cour de Justice de l'Union. De son côté, la Cour EDH limite son immixtion à cet égard au nom de principe de subsidiarité renforcé par l'adoption des Protocoles additionnels n°15 et 16. Encore, à plus forte raison, le choix du pouvoir règlementaire français, marqué du sceau de la célérité, s'est effectué au détriment certain des autres principes directeurs du procès, en particulier le procès équitable et l'accès au juge, qui se trouvent excessivement amputés par des délais stricts et des sanctions sévères et automatiques. La procédure civile d'appel est devenue une procédure essentiellement calendaire, de gestion de flux contentieux, sans atteindre l'objectif de célérité qui justifiait ces restrictions. Ainsi, au regard des difficultés de délais que connaissent les cour d'appel françaises, il convient de s'interroger sur l'opportunité de consacrer plus largement et de façon effective, les principes européens du procès civil, par l'avénement d'un appel nouveau qui aurait pour objet la remise au cœur de l'équité, du principe du contradictoire, de l'égalité des armes et de l'accès au juge. Pour ce faire, il est possible de se tourner vers les modèles procéduraux des instances judiciaires des institutions européennes, ou encore des exemples procéduraux étrangers. Une telle démarche de rééquilibrage des attentes procédurales permettrait intrinsèquement d'opter pour une procédure plus vertueuse et respectueuse des droits procéduraux des justiciables, et sans doute également, d'améliorer les délais de procédure devant les cours d'appel. Dans une telle perspective, il convient de s'interroger sur l'appel dans sa globalité, mais également sur l'intégralité du procès civil. Quant à la philosophie de l'appel, il semble que la voie d'achèvement soit le meilleur modèle afin d'atteindre ces objectifs, dans un cadre strict qui permette d'exclure les abus et la déloyauté des parties. Ainsi, par différents mécanismes de filtrage et l'adoption d'une instruction plus souple, il serait possible de concilier les exigences du procès équitable et de la célérité, ouvrant la voie d'une influence totale des normes européennes sur la procédure civile d'appel avec représentation obligatoire
European norms, whether they emanate from the European Union or derive from the European Convention on Human Rights, as interpreted by the EDH Court, have an impact on the entire state legal order of the States concerned. Of the materials irradiated by European law in the broad sense, civil procedure is no exception, but procedure remains treated in a singular way by both European institutions, even more concerning appeal courts. If, by reason of the legal systems, European norms with a higher value than the law necessarily have an influence on the civil appeal procedure, it is only because of the will of the French authorities that this influence finds concrete realization. Indeed, during the adoption of the reform of the civil appeal procedure in 2009, the regulatory authority expressed the wish to adopt an appeal procedure that complies with the European requirements of the civil trial, in particular Article 6§1 of the EDH Convention and the principle of fair trial. However, while this influence is indisputable, it is limited in various respects. On the one hand, the procedural autonomy of States has been firmly enshrined by the authorities of the Union, which has not given itself any competence in the matter, and the jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the Union. For its part, the EDH Court limits its interference in this respect in the name of the principle of subsidiarity reinforced by the adoption of Additional Protocols Nos 15 and 16. Even more so, the choice of French executive power, marked by the seal of celerity, was made at the expense of certain of the other guiding principles of the trial, in particular the fair trial and access to the judge, which find themselves excessively cut off by strict deadlines and strict and automatic penalties. The civil appeal procedure has become essentially a calendar procedure for managing litigation flows, without achieving the objective of celerity that justified these restrictions. Thus, in view of the difficulties of delay experienced by the French Courts of Appeal, it is necessary to consider the advisability of devoting more broadly and effectively the European principles of civil litigation, by the advent of a new appeal that would have as its object put in center fairness, the principle of the contradictory, the equality of arms and access to the judge. To do this, it is possible to turn to the procedural models of the judicial bodies of the European institutions, or even to foreign procedural examples. Such an approach to rebalancing procedural expectations would make it possible to opt for a more virtuous procedure that respects the procedural rights of litigants, and probably also, to improve the time it takes in front of appeal courts. In this perspective, it is necessary to question the appeal in its entirety, but also the totality of the civil process. As for the philosophy of the appeal, it seems that the « way of completion » is the best model in order to achieve these objectives, within a strict framework that makes it possible to exclude abuses and disloyalty of the parties. Thus, through different filtering mechanisms and the adoption of a more flexible instruction, it would be possible to reconcile the requirements of fair trial and expediency, opening the way for a total influence of European standards on the civil procedure of appeal with compulsory representation
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Rivero, Facundo Guerra. "Tecnologia e política: o voto e seu suporte." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2012. http://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/2328.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T20:20:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Facundo Guerra Rivero.pdf: 2130995 bytes, checksum: 40797c5227c1728912a53d7865868dcf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-05-28
This study aims to study the vote in different historical periods of Brazilian society, with greater emphasis on its current configuration, the electronic voting, and understand how it relates to a society that Gilles Deleuze called the control society, according to the corollary that maintains this social configuration standing: trust, participation and security, as well as study the relationship between the mechanism of the vote and the possibilities of controlling a population, its relations with representative democracy, the vote as a vector diagram of control or power device
Este trabalho tem por objetivo estudar o voto em diferentes períodos históricos da sociedade brasileira, com maior ênfase na sua configuração atual, o voto eletrônico, e entender como o voto eletrônico se relaciona com uma configuração de sociedade que Gilles Deleuze chamou de sociedade de controle, segundo o corolário que mantém esta configuração social em pé: a confiança, a participação e a segurança, bem como estudar as relações entre o mecanismo do voto e suas consequentes possibilidades de controle de uma população, sua relações com a democracia representativa, o voto como um vetor de diagrama de controle ou dispositivo de poder
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Svärdh, Joakim. "Measuring long-term effects of a school improvement initiative." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Lärande, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-133998.

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There is a growing demand for studies applying quantitative methods to large-scale data sets for the purpose of evaluating the effects of educational reforms (UVK, 2010). In this thesis the statistical method, Propensity Score Analysis (PSA), is presented and explored in the evaluating context of an extensive educational initiative within science and technology education; the Science and Technology for All-program (NTA). The research question put forward reads; under what conditions are PSA-analyses a useful method when measuring the effects from a school improvement initiative in S & T? The study considers the use of PSA when looking for long-term effects that could be measured, what to take into consideration to be able to measure this, and how this could be done. The baseline references (outcome variables) used in order to measure/evaluate the long-term effects from the studied program is students’ achievements in the national test (score and grades) and their grades in year 9. Some findings revealed regarding the object of study (long-term effects from using NTA) are also presented. The PSA method is found to be a useful tool that makes it possible to create artificial control groups when experimental studies are impossible or inappropriate; which is often the case in school education research. The method opens up for making use of the rich source of registry data gathered by authorities. PSA proves reliable and relatively insensitive to the effects of covariates and heterogeneous effecter if the number of samples is large enough. The use of PSA (or other statistical methods) also makes it possible to measure outcomes several years after treatment. There are issues of concern when using PSA. One is the obvious demand for organized collection of measurement data. Another issue of concern is the choice of outcome variables. In this study the chosen outcome variables (pupils’ score and grading in national tests and grades in year 9) open up for discussions regarding aspects that might not be reflected/measured in national tests and/or teachers’ grading. Findings regarding the long-term effects from using NTA) show significantly positive effects in physics on test scores (average increase 16.5%) and test grades, but not in biology and chemistry. In this study no significant effects are found for course grades. PSA approach has proved to be a reliable method. There is however a limitation in terms of the method's ability to capture more subtle aspects of learning. A combination of quantitative and qualitative approach when studying long-term effects from educational intervention is therefore suggested.

QC 20131120

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Books on the topic "Compulsory representation"

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Nielsen, Liv Merete. Drawing and spatial representations: Reflections on purposes for art education in the compulsory school. Oslo: Oslo School of Architecture, 2000.

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Orentlicher, Diane. Living in Compulsory Denial (Bosnia). Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190882273.003.0008.

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Many Bosnians hoped the Tribunal would dispel denial and forge a shared understanding among their country’s ethnic communities about wartime atrocities. During a period of robust international engagement in the early years of the twenty-first century, there was significant progress in Serb acknowledgment of Serb atrocities, as well as acknowledgment by other ethnic groups that members of their in-group committed war crimes. Since 2006, however, there has been a sharp rise in nationalist rhetoric, which has included strident rejection of ICTY judgments. Moreover public opinion surveys reflect sharp cleavages among Bosnia’s major ethnic groups concerning beliefs about wartime atrocities. This chapter explores factors behind these trends, including the dynamics of competitive victimhood, the polarizing incentives of governance structures established in the Dayton Peace Agreement, and the retreat of the Office High Representative from robust engagement in Bosnia at a time of rising nationalism.
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Bovens, Mark, and Anchrit Wille. Remedying Diploma Democracy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198790631.003.0009.

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How can we remedy some of the negative effects of diploma democracy? First, we discuss the rise of nationalist parties. They have forced the mainstream political parties to pay more attention to the negative effects of immigration, globalization, and European unification. Next we discuss strategies to mitigate the dominance of the well-educated in politics. We start with remedies that address differences in political skills and knowledge. Then we discuss the deliberative arenas. Many democratic reforms contain an implicit bias towards the well-educated. A more realistic citizenship model is required. This can be achieved by bringing the ballot back in, for example, by merging deliberative and more direct forms of democracy through deliberative polling, corrective referendums, and more compulsory voting. The chapter ends with a discussion of ways to make the political elites more inclusive and responsive, such as descriptive representation, sortition, and plebiscitary elements.
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Gollan, Paul J. Employer Strategies Towards Non‐Union Collective Voice. Edited by Adrian Wilkinson, Paul J. Gollan, Mick Marchington, and David Lewin. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199207268.003.0009.

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Non-union collective voice (NCV) has tended to play a minimal role in many Anglo industrial relations systems, with few formal processes or legal requirements. However, the lack of representative structures covering increasing numbers of non-union employees due to declining levels of trade union density and legislative changes banning closed shop or compulsory union arrangements have prompted the current interest in NCV arrangements. This article explores management strategies towards, and the development of, NCV arrangements and union responses to such arrangements in predominately English-speaking countries. It also tracks the development of dual-channel NCV and union voice arrangements, and examines the interplay between channels of NCV and trade unions. Overall, the article reviews this theory and raises debates around management strategies and issues involved in the process of transition from NCV to unionism.
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Book chapters on the topic "Compulsory representation"

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Malkopoulou, Anthoula. "More Representation, Less Radicalism: How Compulsory Voting Was Defended in Europe." In A Century of Compulsory Voting in Australia, 213–33. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4025-1_11.

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Guntermann, Eric, Ruth Dassonneville, and Peter Miller. "Are inequalities in representation lower under compulsory voting?" In Building Inclusive Elections, 39–59. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003051954-3.

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Singh, Shane P. "Introduction." In Beyond Turnout, xiv—37. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198832928.003.0001.

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The introductory chapter addresses the need for a new full-length manuscript on compulsory voting and discuss the meaning of the term. The chapter then reviews arguments for and against the requirement to vote, focusing mostly on matters of duty, collective action, legitimacy, representation, and the putative downstream consequences of compulsory voting. The chapter subsequently briefly reviews the history of compulsory voting and the potential reasons for its implementation. The chapter then provides data on where and how compulsory voting is used today and gives a detailed overview of recent events surrounding compulsory voting throughout the world. From there, the chapter discusses various empirical methods available to the scientific community for assessing the effects of the legal requirement to vote.
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Yassari, Nadjma. "Compulsory Heirship and Freedom of Testation in Islamic Law." In Comparative Succession Law, 629–47. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198850397.003.0021.

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Islamic succession law is grounded in the concept of forced heirship, with the deceased having the right to dispose only of one-third of his or her estate. With the position of legal heirs being so strong, a priori there is no need for instruments to override the deceased’s testamentary freedom. Modern legislatures have, however, altered the system with the introduction of the ‘obligatory bequest’ for orphaned grandchildren (al-waṣiyya al-wājiba), a scheme originating in the extinguished Ẓāhirī school of law and in particular in the works of Andalusian scholar Ibn Ḥazm († 1064). This is remarkable as traditional Islamic jurisprudence does not recognise any right of representation. As a result an orphaned grandchild will be awarded, to varying degrees, a share in the estate and the (implicit or explicit) will of the testator is thereby altered.
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Moser, Stephanie, Susanne Elisabeth Bruppacher, and Frederic de Simoni. "Public Representation of Ubiquitous ICT Applications in the Outpatient Health Sector." In User Perception and Influencing Factors of Technology in Everyday Life, 212–32. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-1954-8.ch015.

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ICT advances will bring a new generation of ubiquitous applications, opening up new possibilities for the health sector. However, the social impacts of this trend have largely remained unexplored. This study investigates the public representation of future ICT applications in the outpatient health sector in terms of their social acceptance. Mental models of ICT applications were elicited from inhabitants of Berlin, Germany, by means of qualitative interviews. The findings revealed that the interviewees felt ambivalent about anticipated changes; only if ICT use were to be voluntary and restricted to single applications and trustworthy institutions did they expect individual benefits. Concerns about data transmission to unauthorized third parties and widespread technological dissemination forcing compulsory participation led people to feel averse to such technology. Implications for potential implementation of future ICT applications in the outpatient health sector are discussed.
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Fabricius, Charlotte Johanne. "New and Improved? Disability and Monstrosity in Gail Simone’s Batgirl." In Monstrous Women in Comics, 84–98. University Press of Mississippi, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496827623.003.0006.

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This chapter examines how the miraculous recovery of the character Barbara Gordon/Batgirl may erase the powerful subversive potential in Barbara’s previous, disabled manifestation as Oracle and instead, may perpetuate the status quo in superhero comics for compulsory able-bodiedness. The author of this chapter analyzes how disability and gender intersect in Batgirl and asks critical questions about whether Barbara becomes, in some ways, more monstrous by passing as an able-bodied “girl” and how that representation relates to broader cultural ideals of embodiment and femininity.
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Rowan, Leonie, and Chris Bigum. "Reassembling the Problem of the Under-Representation of Girls in IT Courses." In Actor-Network Theory and Technology Innovation, 208–22. IGI Global, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60960-197-3.ch014.

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The percentages of girls in developing countries undertaking information technology subjects in the post-compulsory years of education has remained persistently low: often under 25%. This is despite the fact that this particular phenomenon has been the subject of sustained international enquiry for at least three decades. This article investigates data collected during an Australian Research Council Linkage Grant project (2005-2007) that aimed to identify some of the contemporary reasons for this under-representation in Australian schools. The original phases of data collection proceeded from the belief that there was a clear and agreed understanding that the low numbers of girls was a problem worthy of analysis. As the project evolved, however, significant differences between the researchers’ perception of the underrepresentation and the participants’ views about the same issue. In this paper we make use of actor-network theory to ask key questions about the extent to which the enrolment of girls in IT is indeed ‘a problem’.
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Lessard-Phillips, Laurence, Yaël Brinbaum, and Anthony Heath. "Academic and Vocational Tracking in Upper Secondary Education." In Unequal Attainments. British Academy, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197265741.003.0005.

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This chapter focuses on students who continue in full-time education after compulsory schooling and asks whether minority students are disproportionately channelled into lower-status vocational tracks and are excluded from the high-status academic tracks which lead to higher education. The picture that emerges is of distinct patterns in different sets of countries. In Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands, minority groups are less likely to follow the academic track, but this under-representation can be entirely explained by their disadvantaged socioeconomic backgrounds and relatively low grades in lower secondary school. However, in a second group of countries – England and Wales, Finland, France and Sweden –most minorities are in fact more likely to follow the academic track than their majority-group peers from similar socioeconomic backgrounds and with similar grades. The indications are that comprehensive systems offer greater opportunities for minority students to fulfil their ambitions than do tracked educational systems.
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Marc, Weller. "Part V The Functions of International Organizations, Ch.29 Use of Force." In The Oxford Handbook of International Organizations. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780199672202.003.0029.

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This chapter begins by explaining how international organization has always remained firmly wedded to the aim of controlling violence or war. It goes on to discuss the establishment of the League of Nations as an organization against war, which was followed by the creation of the United Nations organization as a system of collective security. It then considers the hierarchies within the organizations in relation to the use of force. While the UN Security Council enjoys primary responsibility in relation to international peace and security, it does not enjoy exclusive responsibility. First, there is the issue of the UN's own organs in relation to this issue area. Then there is the question of organizations external to the UN. The chapter argues that the present system of international organization for the maintenance of international security remains incomplete or at times dysfunctional. This applies to the lack of comprehensive compulsory dispute settlement; the problem of representation and the veto in the Security Council; and allegations of double standards which allow some issues to be addressed, but not others.
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Crook, Malcolm. "Gone Fishing." In How the French Learned to Vote, 203–22. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192894786.003.0009.

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Non-voting has become a major issue of late as electoral participation has declined in most liberal democracies, not just in France. However, the history of voting demonstrates that this is no new phenomenon and, indeed, the problem of abstention was attracting attention from the inception of mass voting. After 1848 it would become a major preoccupation for French politicians. Proposals were frequently tabled for the vote to be made compulsory, though this would remove the liberty of not voting, while there was always disagreement over how to enforce the obligation. By the turn of the twentieth century, in the light of turnout regularly exceeding 75 per cent of the electorate, in both legislative and municipal elections, such concern might appear exaggerated. Yet the principle of representation was perceived to be at risk when electors failed to vote and there were fears that militant minorities would take control. Despite these persistent demands for compulsion, voting has remained a voluntary act in France and the civic duty to vote has been emphasized instead.
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Conference papers on the topic "Compulsory representation"

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Zaninotto, Enrico. "Is the Italian student survey on teaching reliable? For what purposes?" In Fifth International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head19.2019.9108.

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Italian universities submit a compulsory survey to students for the evaluation of teaching activities. The questionnaire, designed by the Italian National Agency for University and Research System Evaluation (ANVUR), aims to evaluate four dimensions of teaching quality (course, instructor, personal interest and overall satisfaction) through twelve questions on a four-level scale. This paper addresses first the issue of the questionnaire’s reliability in the representation of the four evaluation dimensions. The main result is that the questionnaire do not represent properly the four dimensions of evaluation which it is intended for. Secondly, through a preliminary statistical analysis, it discusses the use of the survey for comparative purposes. A comparative analysis can be adversely affected by several contextual and subjective factors, like the size of the class and the gender of the instructor. The paper concludes by discussing the difficulty of finding proper conditioning, and raises doubts regarding an uncritical comparative use of student evaluations of teaching activities.
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Andreini, A., A. Bonini, R. Da Soghe, B. Facchini, A. Ciani, and L. Innocenti. "Conjugate Heat Transfer Calculations on GT Rotor Blade for Industrial Applications: Part II—Improvement of External Flow Modeling." In ASME Turbo Expo 2012: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2012-69849.

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Gas turbine design has been characterized over the years by a continuous increase of the maximum cycle temperature, justified by a corresponding increase of cycle efficiency and power output. In such way turbine components heat load management has become a compulsory activity and then, a reliable procedure to evaluate the blades and vanes metal temperatures, is, nowadays, a crucial aspect for a safe components design. This two part work presents a three-dimensional conjugate heat transfer procedure developed in the framework of an internal research project of GE Oil & Gas. The procedure, applied to the first rotor blade of the MS5002E gas turbine, consists in a decoupled analysis in which the internal cooling system was modeled by an in-house one dimensional thermo-fluid network solver, the external heat loads and pressure distribution have been evaluated through 3D CFD and the heat conduction in the solid is carried out through a 3D FEM solution. The second part of this work is focused on the improvement of external heat loads prediction through the use of a full featured geometry of the blade. In particular a detailed representation of the rim seal is accounted for as well as the actual geometry of the squealer tip. A new set of conjugate results is compared with temperature obtained by metallographic analysis, pointing out the relevant effect of the actual endwall contour on the metal temperature distribution at low spans of the blade.
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Conan, Franck, and Stephan Savarese. "Bleed Airflow CFD Modeling in Aerodynamics Simulations of Jet Engine Compressors." In ASME Turbo Expo 2001: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2001-gt-0544.

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Several types of bleed airflow in jet engine compressors are required for both aircraft and engine operations. Since accessory, discharge or ventilation bleeds divert a significant percentage of the total input flow rate, it is compulsory to take these variations into account both in through-flow and in 3D Navier-Stokes compressor computations. While the former is straightforward to implement, which has been done for some time, several options are available for the three-dimensional case. The details of such models are most likely to have a local effect on the pressure and velocity fields distribution near the bleed section. Nevertheless, for the purpose of modeling the global effect of bleed flow magnitude on stage matching and overall aerodynamic stage performance, it is thought that a simple geometrical model of the bleed section combined with a simple outlet boundary condition will be accurate enough to provide a realistic representation of the actual compressor characteristics under various bleed flow rate conditions. Thus, our purpose in this study was to develop, implement and validate a simple model based upon both analytical geometry descriptions and outlet flow boundary conditions without any mesh modification or refinement with respect to the standard no-bleed calculations. The analytical description of bleed section is restricted to the intersection of the hub or casing with a set of radial cylinders or axisymetric slots, covering within manufacturing tolerance the known range of bleed section shapes. The physical boundary condition is applied at the intersection of the main flow path with the bleed duct or cavity outlet, ideally imposing a predefined exit flow rate. However, without access to an experimental database of engine bleed flow section measurements, only a qualitative comparison of the models with academic bleed flow experiments has been achieved. In order to assess the modeling scatter due to the details of the methods, two different models have been tested and validated against meridional flow computations, based upon compressor test results.
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Reese, Sven H., and Jürgen Rudolph. "Environmentally Assisted Fatigue (EAF) Rules and Screening Options in the Context of Fatigue Design Rules Within German Nuclear Safety Standards." In ASME 2015 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2015-45022.

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Consideration of Environmentally Assisted Fatigue (EAF) has been introduced to the German Regulatory Framework with the November 2013 revision of the German Safety Standard KTA 3201.2. Therefore, so called threshold of attention values by means of the cumulative usage factor have been included in the German KTA Program of Standards for the design of primary circuit components (KTA 3201.2: components of the reactor coolant pressure boundary of light water reactors, part 2: design and analysis) and for secondary side piping components (KTA 3211.2: pressure and activity retaining components of systems outside the primary circuit; part 2: design and analysis). Possible measures are linked to the KTA 3201.4 in-service inspection and operational monitoring regulations. Additionally, consideration of EAF, respectively the introduction of threshold values (temperature, strain rate and amplitude) is currently being discussed in the revision process of KTA 3204 for reactor pressure vessel internals. Note that threshold of attention values refer to the cumulative usage factor CUF and limit (threshold) values (temperature, strain rate and amplitude) refer to the activation of the penalty factor Fen. In contrast to international procedures (like e.g. US-NRC Regulatory Guide 1.207, ASME Code CC N-792), EAF has to be considered for German plants below the design life of 40 years as well. More precisely, in the framework of ASME EAF has to be taken into account only for plant life extension, license-renewals or new builds while in Germany an evaluation is compulsory for all operating NPPs. Based on this fact an engineering approach is needed which is realized by introducing so called threshold of attention values. If the cumulative usage factor is higher than the threshold of attention value, additional measures have to be accomplished by the operator. According to the regulatory framework these measures are additional calculations (e. g. Fen calculation), NDT including fracture mechanical calculations or real component testing. The calculation of the threshold of attention values is based on representative specified and operational measured temperature transients. Based on this information a comprehensive component specific picture of operational loading can be drawn. According to the latest revision of NUREG/CR-6909 (currently Rev. 1, draft for comments) the Fen formula comprises dedicated threshold values for the relevant temperatures, strain rates and strain amplitudes. Having these boundary conditions in mind, detailed plant transient information can be analyzed according to its relevance. Based on the comprehensive set of information threshold of attention values for KTA 3201.2 / 3211.2 were determined to be 0.4, both for ferritic and austenitic materials of BWR and PWR components. In the framework of KTA 3204, technical evaluation yields to the assumption, that Fen threshold values are likely not to be exceeded for pressurized water reactor internals. In the framework of the paper the technical background for the evaluation of threshold of attention values in the context of EAF will be described in detail.
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