Relevant bibliographies by topics / Computational thermal manikin

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Academic literature on the topic 'Computational thermal manikin'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 20 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Computational thermal manikin"

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Yan, Yihuan, Xiangdong Li, and Jiyuan Tu. "Effects of manikin model simplification on CFD predictions of thermal flow field around human bodies." Indoor and Built Environment 26, no. 9 (June 7, 2016): 1185–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x16653500.

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Simplified computational thermal manikins are beneficial to the computational efficiency of computational fluid dynamics simulations. However, the criterion of how to simplify a computational thermal manikin is still absent. In this study, three simplified computational thermal manikins (CTMs 2, 3 and 4) were rebuilt based on a detailed 3D scanned manikin (CTM 1) using different simplification approaches. Computational fluid dynamics computations of the human thermal plume in a quiescent indoor environment were conducted. The predicted airflow field using CTM 1 agreed well with the experimental observations from the literature. Although the simplified computational thermal manikins did not significantly affect the airflow predictions in the bulk regions, they strongly influenced the predicted airflow patterns near the computational thermal manikins. The predictive error of the computational thermal manikin was strongly related to the simplification approach. The computational thermal manikins generated from the surface-smoothing approach (CTM 2) was very close to CTM 1, while the required mesh elements for a stable numerical solution dropped by over 75%. Comparatively, the predictive errors of CTMs 3 and 4 were considerable in the near-body regions. This study has illustrated the importance of keeping the key body features when simplifying a computational thermal manikin. The surface-smoothing-based simplification method was shown to be a promising approach.
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Gibson, Phillip, Michael Sieber, Jerry Bieszczad, John Gagne, David Fogg, and Jintu Fan. "A Design Tool for Clothing Applications: Wind Resistant Fabric Layers and Permeable Vents." Journal of Textiles 2014 (November 18, 2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/925320.

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A computational clothing design tool is used to examine the effects of different clothing design features upon performance. Computational predictions of total heat and mass transfer coefficients of the clothing design tool showed good agreement with experimental measurements obtained using a sweating thermal manikin for four different clothing systems, as well as for the unclothed bare manikin. The specific clothing design features examined in this work are the size and placement of air-permeable fabric vents in a protective suit composed primarily of a fabric-laminated polymer film layer. The air-permeable vents were shown to provide additional ventilation and to significantly decrease both the total thermal insulation and the water vapor resistance of the protective suit.
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Wan, Jingyuan, Jianjian Wei, Yingtien Lin, and Tengfei (Tim) Zhang. "Numerical Investigation of Bioaerosol Transport in a Compact Lavatory." Buildings 11, no. 11 (November 8, 2021): 526. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11110526.

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The lavatory is a fertile area for the transmission of infectious disease through bioaerosols between its users. In this study, we built a generic compact lavatory model with a vacuum toilet, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is used to evaluate the effects of ventilation and user behaviors on the airflow patterns, and the resulting fates of bioaerosols. Fecal aerosols are readily released into the lavatory during toilet flush. Their concentration rapidly decays in the first 20 s after flushing by deposition or dilution. It takes about 315 s to 348 s for fine bioaerosols (<10 µm in diameter) to decrease to 5% of the initial concentration, while it takes 50 and 100 µm bioaerosols approximately 11 and <1 s, respectively, to completely deposit. The most contaminated surfaces by aerosol deposition include the toilet seat, the bowl, and the nearby walls. The 10 µm aerosols tend to deposit on horizontal surfaces, while the 50 and 100 µm bioaerosols almost always deposit on the bowl. In the presence of a standing thermal manikin, the rising thermal plume alters the flow field and more bioaerosols are carried out from the toilet; a large fraction of aerosols deposit on the manikin’s legs. The respiratory droplets generated by a seated coughing manikin tend to deposit on the floor, legs, and feet of the manikin. In summary, this study reveals the bioaerosol dilution time and the easily contaminated surfaces in a compact lavatory, which will aid the development of control measures against infectious diseases.
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Marr, D. R., I. M. Spitzer, and M. N. Glauser. "Anisotropy in the breathing zone of a thermal manikin." Experiments in Fluids 44, no. 4 (November 21, 2007): 661–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00348-007-0425-9.

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Rykaczewski, Konrad, Jennifer K. Vanos, and Ariane Middel. "Anisotropic radiation source models for computational thermal manikin simulations based on common radiation field measurements." Building and Environment 208 (January 2022): 108636. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.108636.

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Zhu, Shengwei, Shinsuke Kato, Ryozo Ooka, Tomonori Sakoi, and Kazuyo Tsuzuki. "Development of a Computational Thermal Manikin Applicable in a Non-Uniform Thermal Environment—Part 2: Coupled Simulation Using Sakoi's Human Thermal Physiological Model." HVAC&R Research 14, no. 4 (July 1, 2008): 545–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10789669.2008.10391025.

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YANG, Jeong-Hoon, Shinsuke KATO, Tatsuya HAYASHI, and Shuzo MURAKAMI. "MEASUREMENT OF CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENTS WITH USING AN EXPERIMENTAL AND COMPUTATIONAL THERMAL MANIKIN IN INDOOR ENVIRONMENTS." Journal of Environmental Engineering (Transactions of AIJ) 69, no. 584 (2004): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aije.69.33_3.

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Sevilgen, Gokhan, and Muhsin Kilic. "Three dimensional numerical analysis of temperature distribution in an automobile cabin." Thermal Science 16, no. 1 (2012): 321–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci1201321s.

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In this study, 3-D numerical analysis of temperature distribution in the automobile cabin were performed by using computational fluid dynamics method. For this purpose, a 3-D automobile cabin including window and outer surfaces was modeled by using the real dimensions of a car. To evaluate the results of numerical analysis according to thermal comfort, a virtual manikin divided into 17 parts with real dimensions and physiological shape was added to the model of the automobile cabin. Temperature distributions of the automobile cabin were obtained from the results of the 3-D steady and transient numerical analyses for standard heating and cooling period. Validations of the results were achieved by comparing to the results of the experimental studies performed simultaneously with the numerical analyses.
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MURAKAMI, Shuzo, Shinsuke KATO, and Jie ZENG. "COUPLED SIMULATION OF CONVECTIVE AND RADIANT HEAT TRANSFER AROUD STANDING HUMAN BODY : Study on computational thermal manikin (Part 3)." Journal of Architecture and Planning (Transactions of AIJ) 64, no. 515 (1999): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aija.64.69_1.

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Gao, Shan, Ryozo Ooka, and Wonseok Oh. "Effects of ambient temperature, airspeed, and wind direction on heat transfer coefficient for the human body by means of manikin experiments and CFD analysis." E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 02041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911102041.

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The purpose of this study is to confirm the effect of ambient temperature, airspeed, and wind direction on the heat transfer around the human body. A fixed surface temperature (33 °C) thermal manikin (TM) with 16 segments was employed. First, the manikin was placed in a climate chamber with ambient temperatures of 20 °C, 24 °C, and 28 °C, at airspeeds of less than 0.1 m/s to represent calm condition. Higher ambient temperatures led to a decrease in the convective heat transfer coefficient. The convective heat transfer coefficients for the sitting posture were higher than those of the standing posture. The same TM was then put in a wind tunnel with airspeeds ranging from 0.25 m/s to 1.4 m/s to represent forced convection. The TM was set to face upwind, downwind, and perpendicular to the wind (i.e., its right side facing the wind). Regression models for the convective heat transfer coefficient and airspeed for different wind directions and postures were derived. In contrast to the calm condition, the convective heat transfer coefficients for the sitting posture were lower than those for the standing posture. The convective heat transfer coefficients for the standing posture were largest when the TM was facing downwind, and smallest when the right side of the TM was facing the wind. To verify the results of the experiment, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis was performed with conditions matching those of the experiment by using a computational TM with the same shape as that used in the experiment. The boundary conditions of the CFD analysis were set from the experiment. The CFD analysis results were consistent with the experimental data.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Computational thermal manikin"

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Zou, Jiwei. "Predicting convective heat transfer from Computational Thermal Manikin in urban outdoor environments." Thesis, University of Sydney, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/24516.

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Urban residents are increasingly encouraged to go outside for recreation and relaxation purposes, which may improve personal health and reduce building energy consumption. It is important to understand the thermal conditions of human body in urban outdoor environments. However, the urban wind conditions at the pedestrian level and their impact on the thermal comfort of people have not been thoroughly investigated to date. This study aims to predict the convective heat loss from human body subject to urban outdoor wind environments. Onsite wind measurements are carried out at 0.6 m, 1.2 m, and 1.8 m above the ground on three representative green lands in the coastal city of Sydney in Australia. Meanwhile, the effects of the wind velocity and turbulent conditions on the convective heat loss from human body are investigated using a computational thermal manikin (CTM) model, which is validated against published experimental data. Along with empirical equations derived from the CTM simulation, the wind data collected from onsite measurements is used for predicting the convective heat loss from human body in the outdoor wind environments. In total six groups of wind measurements have been carried out at each measurement sites over a period of four months (from March 2019 to June 2019). The time duration of each measurement is one hour and the sampling frequency is set to 20 Hz. Compared with the local meteorological data recorded at the seaside airport of Sydney, the wind speed in the city is at least 50% lower. To calculate the turbulence characteristics of the wind environment, we use a 1-min averaging period to generate the vertical wind profile of turbulent intensity and turbulence length scale. The correlations between the wind speed and wind turbulence characteristics at different measuring sites are examined. The turbulence intensity measured in this study matches with the reference range given in existing guidelines, while the measured turbulence length scale is much smaller than the value given in the guidelines. It is found that the empirical Von-Karman Spectra can be used to describe the frequency distribution of the turbulence at the pedestrian level in urban open space. The insight of this study regarding the vertical wind profile, turbulence intensity and turbulence length scale at the pedestrian height is beneficial for outdoor thermal comfort assessment. The results of the present CTM simulation show that the convective heat loss of most body segments increases with increasing wind velocity and turbulent intensity and decreasing turbulence length scale. Empirical correlations for predicting convective heat transfer coefficients as a function of the wind velocity, turbulent intensity and turbulence length scale are derived based on simple-geometry assumptions. It is found that, at a given wind velocity and over the ranges of the turbulence conditions from the field measurements, the variations between the high and low values of the convective heat transfer coefficients can be up to 67%. The results of the CTM simulation demonstrate the significance of capturing the turbulent wind conditions for accurately predicting the heat loss from human body for outdoor thermal comfort studies.
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Conference papers on the topic "Computational thermal manikin"

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Kishida, Ikumi, Koji Sakai, Hiroki Ono, and Daiki Kobayashi. "A Basic Evaluation of Non-Uniform Radiant Fields Using Computational Thermal Manikin." In 2017 Building Simulation Conference. IBPSA, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.26868/25222708.2017.047.

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Cunha, Ana M. F., Jose´ C. F. Teixeira, and Senhorinha F. C. F. Teixeira. "Computational Fluid Dynamics Applicable to Cloth Design." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-13042.

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Increasingly, different concepts such as safety, hygiene and comfort interact in the characterization of the workplaces. Being comfortable during periods of low activity, seems to be a requirement for most people and, secondly, in other sectors where performance is critical, the priorities are different. In both cases, the intellectual and physical performance is strongly affected by the sensation of thermal comfort. Thus, various approaches can be applied to provide comfort, for example, in the design of buildings and the selection of appropriate clothing. Comfortable clothing is a complex and interdisciplinary concept, consisting of a balance of the sensorial, psychological and physiological aspects [1, 2]. In objective terms, the behavior of the human body depends on several factors: temperature, air velocity and humidity, production of metabolic heat and clothing insulation. All these factors determine the heat and mass transfer processes between the human body and the environment. The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) numerical simulation has been a powerful tool in this investigation field. A combined simulation of a room and a thermal manikin has been developed in the FLUENT code. Using a manikin with real dimensions, divided into parts with different temperatures, seems important to give accurate fluid flow and moisture distributions.
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Teixeira, Senhorinha, Ricardo Oliveira, Nelson Rodrigues, Alberto Se´rgio Miguel, and Jose´ Carlos Teixeira. "Experimental Validation of a CFD Model in a Thermal Environment Characterization." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-64297.

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Comfort has a great influence on work performance and productivity. Creating a comfortable environment can be achieved by various routes: a good selection of clothing and a proper design of equipment and technical facilities that can render an appropriate acclimatization of the occupational environment. There are several methods for solving problems of thermal comfort, including computer simulation of the thermal system comprising the Human Body - Clothing - Environment. With the evolution of computer technology and CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) techniques one can now develop complete analysis of HVAC systems, with regard to the fields of flow velocity, temperature distribution, particularly in the vicinity of the human body. In this way a complete interaction of the human body with the surrounding air can be descried. The difficulty in modeling the human body arises from the complex geometric shape and its thermo-physiological properties, being important to include all these factors in the numerical simulation of the human body in a closed environment. In the current study a CFD model was developed to describe the fluid flow, heat transfer and mass transfer between the ventilation air and a human manikin inside a room. The computational model solves the heat, mass and momentum conservation equations in the computation domain using a finite volume discretization method and the resulting equations are solved in the ANSYS © environment and then validated with experimental data. The thermal characterization of the environment followed the Fanger index (PMV-PPD).
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Al Assad, Douaa, Kamel Ghali, Nesreen Ghaddar, and Elvire Katramiz. "Thermal Comfort and Energy Savings in a Simulated Office Conditioned by a Transient Personalized Ventilator and a Displacement Ventilation System." In ASME 2020 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2020 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting and the ASME 2020 18th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2020-8914.

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Abstract The aim of this work is to evaluate the performance of an intermittent personalized ventilation (IPV) system assisting a displacement ventilation (DV) system to improve thermal comfort and save energy. This will be conducted by developing a transient 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of an occupied office space equipped with systems. The occupant is modeled by a heated thermal manikin replicating the human body. The CFD model is coupled with a transient bio-heat model to compute segmental skin temperatures and their rate of change. The latter are taken as input into Zhang’s comfort model to predict and overall thermal comfort. The model was used to conduct a case study, where the overall thermal comfort and energy savings will be assessed for the IPV + DV These results will be compared with those of steady personalized ventilation (PV) + DV and standalone DV systems. By varying the IPV frequency in the typical indoor range of [0.3 Hz – 1 Hz], it was found that the IPV + DV system was able to enhance comfort compared to steady PV + DV and a standalone DV. In addition, an energy analysis was conducted and it was shown that the IPV was able to achieve considerable energy savings compared to a steady PV + DV at the same thermal comfort level. Moreover, relaxing the DV supply temperature to higher occupied zone temperatures, can provide additional energy savings while still maintaining comfort levels in the space.
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Al-Assad, Douaa, Nesreen Ghaddar, and Kamel Ghali. "Effectiveness of Intermittent Personalized Ventilation Assisting Chilled Ceiling in Protecting Occupants Against Active Particles." In ASME 2019 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2019 13th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2019-3471.

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Abstract In this work, an intermittent personalized ventilation (PV) system was coupled with a chilled ceiling system in an office space. The ability of this system in protecting occupants from active particulate matter due to an indoor contamination source was investigated. To perform this study, a 3D transient computational fluid dynamics model was used to determine the velocity, thermal, and particle concentration fields in the space. The fluid flow in the space was experimentally validated in previous works in a climatic chamber equipped with a thermal manikin representing an occupant in an office space. The validated model was used to perform a parametric study varying the intermittent PV operating frequency as well as the particle diameter. The results were used to recommend PV operating conditions, which would ensure the protection of occupant against the contaminants present in the macroclimate and deposited on nearby surfaces. It was found that the intermittent PV should operate at an average flow rate of 7.5 L/s and a frequency of 0.73 Hz. These conditions provided acceptable values of intake fraction in the breathing zone and surrounding microclimate and acceptable deposited fractions. Moreover, these conditions provided good thermal comfort levels (0.86: comfortable) and good protection against passive contaminants (εv,BZ = 64 %).
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Gupta, Alka, and Mojtaba Rajaee. "Integration of CFD-CHT Analyses to Develop Harley-Davidson Motorcycles." In ASME 2022 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-95108.

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Abstract With the ever-increasing demand to reduce the product development cycle, Harley-Davidson Motor Company (HDMC) utilizes diverse CAE (Computer-Aided Engineering) tools to develop its motorcycles. These CAE tools assist resolving fluid, thermal and/or structural design refinements and challenges while minimizing the need to use physical models or prototypes, to achieve our goal of a complete virtual product development cycle and decreased time-to-market. The growing computational power and resource availability enables the option to simulate more complex physics with higher resolution and accuracy. The compatibility of the various CAE tools available provide options to choose the best tool based on the physics required and integrate with other applications. This paper demonstrates an automated integration of a compact and complex vehicle CFD (Computational Fluids Dynamics) – CHT (Computational Heat Transfer) analysis, which provides a predictive solution for flow-thermal state of the vehicle, exhaust system, rider ambient, and electronic component internals. The focus of this paper is the methodology that encompasses physics of these models, the associated meshes, and the automated integration of the two. The paper discusses the utilization of aforementioned software tools to support a highly advanced and complex vehicle CAE flow-thermal predictive solution. Furthermore, the paper talks about how to arrive at a robust and detailed prediction of thermal state of vehicle with its electronic component internals such as LED (light-emitting diode), PCB (printed circuit board), and IC (integrated circuit) semiconductors, all driven by a combined external and internal thermo-fluidic flow and electronic operation waste heat. The paper exhibits the versatility of a single CAE model which combines a full vehicle external aerodynamics CFD model and a stripped down CHT model consisting of powertrain, exhaust, cooling system, rider, and partial bodywork which are significant to meet the analysis objectives. The early intervention of these CAE techniques in the motorcycle development process accelerates the component design evaluation by eliminating/modifying initial designs based on the analyses results and assists in making educated and well-informed decisions. The visual representation of the analysis findings provides extremely valuable information which are sometimes not possible to obtain in a physical test environment and can save re-testing time and avoid delays as the test community strives to get data from those systems and components. Our integrated CFD-CHT analysis method is comprised of full vehicle external aerodynamics CFD module with the export of local air conjugate heat transfer coefficients and reference temperatures, following the import of solid surface boundary temperatures computed via the computational heat transfer (CHT) module, and the automated integration and boundary data exchange iterations between the two modules. CHT module computes solid surface temperature of all heat emitting, and / or absorbing, vehicle components such as exhaust / powertrain, starter motor, and all electronic heat producing components, as well as manikin riders and vehicle components that may be impacted by heat emitting components. All three modes of heat transfer, including vehicle ambient radiation boundary conditions, are being considered in the model. Internal details of electronic components including, and not limited to, MOSFET (metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor) semiconductors, LEDs, Thermal Interface Material (TIM), heat sink, etc., are included in the CHT module. The automated integration of CFD-CHT modules results in a converged full vehicle thermo-fluidic state of the vehicle in a steady-state or pseudo-transient duty. Similar approach is undertaken for EVs (electric vehicles) with details to the electronic PCB, and its components, and the battery pack Li-Ion cell internal levels.
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Keshavarz, Seyed Ali, Mazyar Salmanzadeh, and Goodarz Ahmadi. "Computational Modeling of Particulate Pollutant Transport in a Ventilated Room in the Presence of Two Heated Breathing and Rotating Manikins." In ASME 2017 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2017-69102.

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Recently, attention has been given to indoor air quality due to its serious health concerns. Clearly the dispersion of pollutant is directly affected by the airflow patterns. The airflow in indoor environment is the results of a combination of several factors. In the present study, the effects of thermal plume and respiration on the indoor air quality in a ventilated cubicle were investigated using an unsteady computational modeling approach. The person-to-person contaminant transports in a ventilated room with mixing and displacement ventilation systems were studied. The effects of rotational motion of the heated manikins were also analyzed. Simulation results showed that in the cases which rotational motion was included, the human thermal plume and associated particle transport were significantly distorted. The distortion was more noticeable for the displacement ventilation system. Also it was found that the displacement ventilation system lowered the risk of person-to-person transmission in an office space in comparison with the mixing ventilation system. On the other hand the mixing system was shown to be more effective compared to the displacement ventilation in removing the particles and pollutant that entered the room through the inlet air diffuser.
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