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Journal articles on the topic 'Computer assisted cognitive remediation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Grynszpan, O., S. Perbal, A. Pelissolo, P. Fossati, R. Jouvent, S. Dubal, and F. Perez-Diaz. "Efficacy and specificity of computer-assisted cognitive remediation in schizophrenia: a meta-analytical study." Psychological Medicine 41, no. 1 (April 12, 2010): 163–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291710000607.

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BackgroundCognitive remediation is frequently based on computerized training methods that target different cognitive deficits. The aim of this article was to assess the efficacy of computer-assisted cognitive remediation (CACR) in schizophrenia and to determine whether CACR enables selective treatment of specific cognitive domains.MethodA meta-analysis was performed on 16 randomized controlled trials evaluating CACR. The effect sizes of differences between CACR and control groups were computed and classified according to the cognitive domain assessed. The possible influences of four potential moderator variables were examined: participants' age, treatment duration, weekly frequency, and control condition type. To test the domain-specific effect, the intended goal of each study was determined and the effect sizes were sorted accordingly. The effect sizes of the cognitive domains explicitly targeted by the interventions were then compared with those that were not.ResultsCACR enhanced general cognition with a mean effect size of 0.38 [confidence interval (CI) 0.20–0.55]. A significant medium effect size of 0.64 (CI 0.29–0.99) was found for Social Cognition. Improvements were also significant in Verbal Memory, Working Memory, Attention/Vigilance and Speed of Processing with small effect sizes. Cognitive domains that were specifically targeted by the interventions did not yield higher effects than those that were not.ConclusionsThe results lend support to the efficacy of CACR with particular emphasis on Social Cognition. The difficulty in targeting specific domains suggests a ‘non-specific’ effect of CACR. These results are discussed in the light of the possible bias in remediation tasks due to computer interface design paradigms.

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Matthews, Charles G., J. Preston Harley, and James F. Malec. "Guidelines for computer-assisted neuropsychological rehabilitation and cognitive remediation." Clinical Neuropsychologist 5, no. 1 (January 1991): 3–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13854049108401837.

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Kurtz, Matthew M., Kim T. Mueser, Warren R. Thime, Silvia Corbera, and Bruce E. Wexler. "Social skills training and computer-assisted cognitive remediation in schizophrenia." Schizophrenia Research 162, no. 1-3 (March 2015): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2015.01.020.

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Lindenmayer, Jean-Pierre, Anzalee Khan, Susan R. McGurk, Mila Kirstie C. Kulsa, Isidora Ljuri, Veronica Ozog, Samantha Fregenti, et al. "Does social cognition training augment response to computer-assisted cognitive remediation for schizophrenia?" Schizophrenia Research 201 (November 2018): 180–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2018.06.012.

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Holzer, Laurent, Sebastien Urben, Christina Moses Passini, Laure Jaugey, Michael H. Herzog, Olivier Halfon, and Sandrine Pihet. "A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Effectiveness of Computer-Assisted Cognitive Remediation (CACR) in Adolescents with Psychosis or at High Risk of Psychosis." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 42, no. 4 (May 1, 2013): 421–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465813000313.

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Background: Computer assisted cognitive remediation (CACR) was demonstrated to be efficient in improving cognitive deficits in adults with psychosis. However, scarce studies explored the outcome of CACR in adolescents with psychosis or at high risk. Aims: To investigate the effectiveness of a computer-assisted cognitive remediation (CACR) program in adolescents with psychosis or at high risk. Method: Intention to treat analyses included 32 adolescents who participated in a blinded 8-week randomized controlled trial of CACR treatment compared to computer games (CG). Cognitive abilities, symptoms and psychosocial functioning were assessed at baseline and posttreatment. Results: Improvement in visuospatial abilities was significantly greater in the CACR group than in CG. Other cognitive functions, psychotic symptoms and psychosocial functioning improved significantly, but at similar rates, in the two groups. Conclusion: CACR can be successfully administered in this population; it proved to be effective over and above CG for the most intensively trained cognitive ability.

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d'Amato, Thierry, Remy Bation, Alain Cochet, Isabelle Jalenques, Fabienne Galland, Elisabeth Giraud-Baro, Michele Pacaud-Troncin, et al. "A randomized, controlled trial of computer-assisted cognitive remediation for schizophrenia." Schizophrenia Research 125, no. 2-3 (February 2011): 284–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2010.10.023.

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Kurtz, Matthew M., James C. Seltzer, Dana S. Shagan, Warren R. Thime, and Bruce E. Wexler. "Computer-assisted cognitive remediation in schizophrenia: What is the active ingredient?" Schizophrenia Research 89, no. 1-3 (January 2007): 251–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2006.09.001.

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Dickinson, Dwight, Wendy Tenhula, Sarah Morris, Clayton Brown, Jason Peer, Katrina Spencer, Lan Li, James M. Gold, and Alan S. Bellack. "A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Computer-Assisted Cognitive Remediation for Schizophrenia." American Journal of Psychiatry 167, no. 2 (February 2010): 170–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.09020264.

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ELGAMAL, SAFA, MARGARET C. McKINNON, KARUNA RAMAKRISHNAN, RUSSELL T. JOFFE, and GLENDA MacQUEEN. "Successful computer-assisted cognitive remediation therapy in patients with unipolar depression: a proof of principle study." Psychological Medicine 37, no. 9 (July 5, 2007): 1229–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291707001110.

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ABSTRACTBackgroundDespite increasing awareness of the extent and severity of cognitive deficits in major depressive disorder (MDD), trials of cognitive remediation have not been conducted. We conducted a 10-week course of cognitive remediation in patients with long-term MDD to probe whether deficits in four targeted cognitive domains, (i) memory, (ii) attention, (iii) executive functioning and (iv) psychomotor speed, could be improved by this intervention.MethodWe administered a computerized cognitive retraining package (PSSCogReHab) with demonstrated efficacy to 12 stable patients with recurrent MDD. Twelve matched patients with MDD and a group of healthy control participants were included for comparison; neither comparator group received the intervention that involved stimulation of cognitive functions through targeted, repetitive exercises in each domain.ResultsPatients who received cognitive training improved on a range of neuropsychological tests targeting attention, verbal learning and memory, psychomotor speed and executive function. This improvement exceeded that observed over the same time period in a group of matched comparisons. There was no change in depressive symptom scores over the course of the trial, thus improvement in cognitive performance occurred independent of other illness variables.ConclusionsThese results provide preliminary evidence that improvement of cognitive functions through targeted, repetitive exercises is a viable method of cognitive remediation in patients with recurrent MDD.

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Garrido, Gemma, Maite Barrios, Rafael Penadés, Maria Enríquez, Maite Garolera, Núria Aragay, Marta Pajares, et al. "Computer-assisted cognitive remediation therapy: Cognition, self-esteem and quality of life in schizophrenia." Schizophrenia Research 150, no. 2-3 (November 2013): 563–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2013.08.025.

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Bryce, Shayden D., Susan L. Rossell, Stuart J. Lee, Richard J. Lawrence, Eric J. Tan, Sean P. Carruthers, and Jennie L. Ponsford. "Neurocognitive and Self-efficacy Benefits of Cognitive Remediation in Schizophrenia: A Randomized Controlled Trial." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 24, no. 6 (January 21, 2018): 549–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617717001369.

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AbstractObjectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of computer-assisted “drill-and-strategy” cognitive remediation (CR) for community-dwelling individuals with schizophrenia on cognition, everyday self-efficacy, and independent living skills. Methods: Fifty-six people with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were randomized into CR or computer game (CG) playing (control), and offered twenty 1-hr individual sessions in a group setting over 10 weeks. Measures of cognition, psychopathology, self-efficacy, quality of life, and independent living skills were conducted at baseline, end-group and 3 months following intervention completion. Results: Forty-three participants completed at least 10 sessions and the end-group assessment. Linear mixed-effect analyses among completers demonstrated a significant interaction effect for global cognition favoring CR (p=.028). CR-related cognitive improvement was sustained at 3-months follow-up. At end-group, 17 (77%) CR completers showed a reliable improvement in at least one cognitive domain. A significant time effect was evident for self-efficacy (p=.028) with both groups improving over time, but no significant interaction effect was observed. No significant effects were found for other study outcomes, including the functional measure. Conclusions: Computer-assisted drill-and-strategy CR in schizophrenia improved cognitive test performance, while participation in both CR and CG playing promoted enhancements in everyday self-efficacy. Changes in independent living skills did not appear to result from CR, however. Adjunctive psychosocial rehabilitation is likely necessary for improvements in real-world community functioning to be achieved. (JINS, 2018, 24, 549–562)

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Rass, Olga, Jennifer K. Forsyth, Amanda R. Bolbecker, William P. Hetrick, Alan Breier, Paul H. Lysaker, and Brian F. O'Donnell. "Computer-assisted cognitive remediation for schizophrenia: A randomized single-blind pilot study." Schizophrenia Research 139, no. 1-3 (August 2012): 92–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2012.05.016.

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Urben, Sébastien, Sandrine Pihet, Laure Jaugey, Olivier Halfon, and Laurent Holzer. "Computer-assisted cognitive remediation in adolescents with psychosis or at risk for psychosis: a 6-month follow-up." Acta Neuropsychiatrica 24, no. 6 (December 2012): 328–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5215.2012.00651.x.

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Urben S, Pihet S, Jaugey L, Halfon O, Holzer L. Computer-assisted cognitive remediation in adolescents with psychosis or at risk for psychosis: a 6-month follow-up.Objective: To investigate short-term outcomes of a computer-assisted cognitive remediation (CACR) for adolescents with psychotic disorders or at high risk for psychosis.Method: Cognitive abilities and clinical status were assessed at baseline (N = 32) and at 6-month follow-up (N = 22) after enrolment in either a CACR (treatment group) or a computer games (control group) program (8 weeks).Results: With regard to the cognitive abilities, no amelioration was found in the control group while, in the CACR group, significant improvements in inhibition (p = 0.040) and reasoning (p = 0.005) were observed. Furthermore, symptom severity decreased significantly in the control group (p = 0.046) and marginally in the CACR group (p = 0.088). Improvements in cognitive abilities were not associated with symptoms' amelioration. Finally, increase in reasoning abilities was related to the median effective work time in sessions of CACR (R = 0.64, p = 0.024).Conclusion: At follow-up, enhanced cognitive abilities (reasoning and inhibition), which are necessary for executing higher-order goals or adapting behaviour to the ever-changing environment, were reported in adolescents participants of the CACR. Thus, further studies are needed to confirm and extend these interesting results.

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Bajwa, Jaswant Kaur, Bobby Bajwa, and Taras Gula. "Facilitating success for people with mental health issues in a college through cognitive remediation therapy and social and emotional learning." Journal of Research in Innovative Teaching & Learning 12, no. 2 (August 14, 2019): 164–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jrit-01-2019-0006.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe the components, structure and theoretical underpinnings of a cognitive remediation intervention that was delivered within a supported education program for mental health survivors.Design/methodology/approachIn total, 21 participants enrolled in the course Strengthening Memory, Concentration and Learning (PREP 1033 at George Brown College (GBC)) with the diagnosis of depression, anxiety, PTSD, ED and substance use disorder were included in the research. After a baseline assessment, participants completed 14 week cognitive remediation training (CRT) protocol that included six essential components that were integrated and implemented within the course structure of the supported education program at GBC. This was followed by a post-training assessment.FindingsAnalysis of the participants’ performance on CRT protocol using computerized games showed little significant progress. However, the research found a positive change in the self-esteem of the participants that was statistically significant and the findings also aligned with the social and emotional learning framework.Research limitations/implicationsOne of the limitations in the research was the use of computer-assisted cognitive remediation in the form of the HappyNeuron software. The value and relevance of computer assisted needs are to be further examined. It seems that the implementation of the course that explicitly address cognitive challenges creates a supportive environment can be helpful.Practical implicationsDespite the mixed results and the few limitations associated with the CRT intervention reported in the research, the study offers reminders of the complexity of cognitive remediation and all the factors involved that need to be taken into consideration.Social implicationsThis research created explicit space for addressing some of the implicit assumptions about the cognitive abilities when in post-secondary education.Originality/valueThis work is based on author’s previous work on cognitive remediation research within the supported education setting.

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Brockmeyer, Timo, Stephan Walther, Katrin Ingenerf, Beate Wild, Mechthild Hartmann, Matthias Weisbrod, Marc-André Weber, Annegret Eckhardt-Henn, Wolfgang Herzog, and Hans-Christoph Friederich. "Brain effects of computer-assisted cognitive remediation therapy in anorexia nervosa: A pilot fMRI study." Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging 249 (March 2016): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pscychresns.2016.02.007.

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Garrido, Gemma, Rafael Penadés, Maite Barrios, Núria Aragay, Irene Ramos, Vicenç Vallès, Carlota Faixa, and Josep M. Vendrell. "Computer-assisted cognitive remediation therapy in schizophrenia: Durability of the effects and cost-utility analysis." Psychiatry Research 254 (August 2017): 198–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.04.065.

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Matsuoka, Kiwamu, Tsubasa Morimoto, Yasuhiro Matsuda, Fumihiko Yasuno, Toshiaki Taoka, Toshiteru Miyasaka, Hiroaki Yoshikawa, et al. "Computer-assisted cognitive remediation therapy for patients with schizophrenia induces microstructural changes in cerebellar regions involved in cognitive functions." Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging 292 (October 2019): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pscychresns.2019.09.001.

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Siu, Andrew M. H., Rita S. H. Ng, Magdalene Y. C. Poon, Catherine S. Y. Chong, Clara M. W. Siu, and Sally P. K. Lau. "Evaluation of a computer-assisted cognitive remediation program for young people with psychosis: A pilot study." Schizophrenia Research: Cognition 23 (March 2021): 100188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scog.2020.100188.

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Torrisi, Raffaella, Laurent Holzer, Sandrine Pihet, Sonja Suter, A. Aeberhard, Veronica Pellanda, and Laure Jaugey. "Computer-assisted cognitive remediation program for adolescents at high risk of psychosis or with psychotic disorders." International Clinical Psychopharmacology 26 (September 2011): e85-e86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.yic.0000405777.36210.f0.

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Lindenmayer, Jean-Pierre, Anzalee Khan, Isidora Ljuri, Abraham Goldring, Susan R. McGurk, Veronica Ozog, and Gianna Capodilupo. "218. Top-Down or Bottom-Up? Comparison of Two Computer-Assisted Modalities of Cognitive Remediation Therapy for Schizophrenia." Schizophrenia Bulletin 43, suppl_1 (March 1, 2017): S110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbx021.296.

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Choi, Kee-Hong, Jinsook Kang, Sun-Min Kim, Seung-Hwan Lee, Seon-Cheol Park, Won-Hye Lee, Sun Choi, Kiho Park, and Tae-Yeon Hwang. "F55. EFFICACY OF COMPUTER ASSISTED COGNITIVE REMEDIATION IN MID-AGED AND OLDER INPATIENTS WITH CHRONIC SCHIZOPHRENIA IN KOREA." Schizophrenia Bulletin 44, suppl_1 (April 1, 2018): S240—S241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sby017.586.

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Sohrabi, F. "1845 – Effectiveness of computer-assisted cognitive remediation (cacr) and psycho stimulant drugs on clinical symptoms of children with adhd." European Psychiatry 28 (January 2013): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(13)76809-3.

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Lin, Wei-Sheng, Shan-Ju Lin, and Ting-Rong Hsu. "Cognitive Assessment and Rehabilitation for Pediatric-Onset Multiple Sclerosis: A Scoping Review." Children 7, no. 10 (October 15, 2020): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children7100183.

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Cognitive impairment is increasingly recognized as an important clinical issue in pediatric multiple sclerosis (MS). However, variations regarding its assessment and remediation are noted in clinical arena. This scoping review aims to collate available evidence concerning cognitive assessment tool and cognitive rehabilitation for pediatric MS. We performed a systematic search of electronic databases (MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL Plus, and Web of Science) from inception to February 2020. Reference lists of included articles and trial registers were also searched. We included original studies published in English that addressed cognitive assessment tools or cognitive rehabilitation for pediatric-onset MS. Fourteen studies fulfilled our inclusion criteria. Among them, 11 studies evaluated the psychometric aspects of various cognitive assessment tools in the context of pediatric MS, and different neuro-cognitive domains were emphasized across studies. There were only three pilot studies reporting cognitive rehabilitation for pediatric-onset MS, all of which used home-based computerized programs targeting working memory and attention, respectively. Overall, more systematic research on cognitive assessment tools and rehabilitation for pediatric MS is needed to inform evidence-based practice. Computer-assisted cognitive assessment and rehabilitation appear feasible and deserve further studies.

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Chan, Joyce Y. C., Hoyee W. Hirai, and Kelvin K. F. Tsoi. "Can computer-assisted cognitive remediation improve employment and productivity outcomes of patients with severe mental illness? A meta-analysis of prospective controlled trials." Journal of Psychiatric Research 68 (September 2015): 293–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.05.010.

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Carbon, Maren, and Christoph U. Correll. "Thinking and acting beyond the positive: the role of the cognitive and negative symptoms in schizophrenia." CNS Spectrums 19, S1 (November 18, 2014): 35–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852914000601.

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Since currently available antipsychotic medications predominantly treat hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thoughts and behavior, and related agitation/aggression, attention has traditionally been focused on managing positive symptoms. However, prominent negative symptoms and clinically relevant cognitive impairment affect approximately 40% and 80% of people with schizophrenia, respectively. Moreover, negative and cognitive symptoms are closely related to functional outcomes, and contribute substantially to the overall illness burden. Therefore, approaches to describe, measure, and manage these symptom domains are relevant. This article summarizes the phenomenology, prevalence, assessment, and treatment of negative and cognitive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia, including pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic management strategies that can be used in clinical care now, as well as pharmacologic approaches that are being tested. Currently, no approved treatments targeting negative or cognitive symptomatology in schizophrenia are available. It is hoped that progress in the understanding of the neurobiology of these important symptom domains of schizophrenia will help develop effective treatment strategies in the future. However, until this goal is achieved, clinicians should avoid therapeutic nihilism. Rather, the severity and impact of negative and cognitive symptoms should be determined, quantified, and monitored. Further, psychosocial treatments have shown therapeutic benefits. Thus, cognitive behavioral therapy, cognitive remediation, social skills training, and computer-assisted training programs should be offered in conjunction with antipsychotic treatment. Several non-antipsychotic augmentation strategies can be tried off-label. Treatment plans that incorporate currently available management options for negative and cognitive symptomatology in patients with schizophrenia should be adapted over time and based on the individual’s needs, with the aim to enhance overall outcomes.

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Malchow, B. "The Impact of Endurance Training on Brain Structure and Function in Multi-episode Schizophrenia." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.200.

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Structural and functional brain alterations as well as cognitive deficits are well-documented findings in schizophrenia patients. Cognitive impairments affect the long-term outcome of schizophrenia and are the main contributors to disability. Despite their clinical impact, however, no effective options are available to treat them sufficiently. Aerobic endurance training has been shown to have effects on brain plasticity, gray and white matter volume as well as functional connectivity measures and on cognitive functioning in animal models and healthy humans. However, effects of physical exercise in combination in combination with cognitive remediation are unknown in Schizophrenia. 21 chronic schizophrenia patients and 21 age and gender–matched healthy controls underwent 3 months of aerobic exercise (endurance training, 30 min, 3 times per week). 21 additionally recruited schizophrenia patients played table soccer (known as “foosball” in the USA) over the same period. After 6 weeks of endurance training or table soccer, all participants commenced standardized cognitive training with a computer-assisted training program. We could show that a 3-month endurance-training program combined with CR therapy had positive effects on everyday functioning in multi-episode Schizophrenia patients. Deficits improved from medium to mild as assessed with the GAF. Negative symptoms, short and long-term verbal memory and cognitive flexibility also improved with training. We could demonstrate grey matter volume increase in the left temporal lobe in schizophrenia patients undergoing endurance training. A non-endurance and coordinative training stimulus like playing table soccer led to a clearly distinct pattern of grey matter alterations in Schizophrenia patients.Disclosure of interestThe author declares that he has no competing interest.

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Buonocore, M., M. Bosia, M. Bechi, M. Spangaro, S. Cavedoni, F. Cocchi, L. Bianchi, C. Guglielmino, A. R. Mastromatteo, and R. Cavallaro. "Targeting anxiety to improve quality of life in patients with schizophrenia." European Psychiatry 45 (September 2017): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.06.014.

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AbstractBackground:Several studies suggested that anxiety can significantly affect the outcome of schizophrenia. Despite this evidence, non-pharmacological interventions targeting anxiety are still heterogenous. This study aims to test the efficacy of a novel training specifically designed to target anxiety in patients with schizophrenia. Innovatively, this training, beyond psychoeducation and problem solving, also targets Theory of Mind, as it provides coping strategies.Method:Twenty-seven outpatients with schizophrenia received a novel rehabilitative training targeting anxiety (Anxiety Management Group [AMG]) combined with a Computer-Assisted Cognitive Remediation (CACR), and twenty received CACR plus a control intervention (Control Newspaper discussion Group [CNG]). All patients were assessed at baseline and after treatment for quality of life, neurocognition and anxiety.Results:After training, patients treated with AMG + CACR showed significantly greater improvements on anxiety. A significant increase in quality of life was observed only for AMG + CACR group. Moreover, the participants’ appraisal showed a significant difference between treatment groups with higher ratings among patients who received the AMG + CACR.Conclusions:This study thus suggests feasibility and efficacy of the proposed intervention, that could be implemented in rehabilitative programs for patients with schizophrenia with potential benefits also on disease course and outcome.

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Nibbio, Gabriele, Stefano Barlati, Paolo Cacciani, Paola Corsini, Alessandra Mosca, Anna Ceraso, Giacomo Deste, and Antonio Vita. "Evidence-Based Integrated Intervention in Patients with Schizophrenia: A Pilot Study of Feasibility and Effectiveness in a Real-World Rehabilitation Setting." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 10 (May 12, 2020): 3352. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103352.

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Impairment in real-world functioning remains one of the most problematic challenges that people with schizophrenia have to face. Various psychosocial interventions have proven to be effective in promoting recovery and improving functioning in schizophrenia; however, their implementation and their effectiveness in routine rehabilitation practice are still objects of study. The present pilot study aimed to assess the feasibility and effectiveness on clinical and real-world outcomes of an integrated treatment protocol composed of stable pharmacological treatment, computer-assisted cognitive remediation and social skills training provided in a rehabilitation center. Predictors of functional improvement were also assessed. Seventy-two patients diagnosed with schizophrenia participated in the study. A significant (p < 0.001) improvement in positive, negative and total symptoms, as well as in global clinical severity and real-world functioning outcomes was observed, with a large effect size in positive and total symptoms, global clinical severity and real-world functioning, and a moderate effect size on negative symptoms. Improvement in total symptoms (p < 0.001) and in global clinical severity (p = 0.007) emerged as individual predictors of functional improvement. These findings, although preliminary, suggest that an integrated, evidence-based treatment program is feasible and effective in a real-world rehabilitation context, and that similar interventions should be further implemented in everyday clinical practice.

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Holzer, L., S. Urben, S. Pihet, and L. Jaugey. "A randomized controlled trial of the effectiveness of a computer-assisted cognitive remediation (CACR) program in adolescents with psychosis or at high risk of psychosis: Short-term and long-term outcomes." Neuropsychiatrie de l'Enfance et de l'Adolescence 60, no. 5 (July 2012): S71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neurenf.2012.05.281.

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McGuire, Brian E. "Computer-Assisted Cognitive Rehabilitation." Irish Journal of Psychology 11, no. 4 (January 1990): 299–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03033910.1990.10557810.

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Herz, G. "Computer-assisted cognitive skills training." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 1, no. 3 (January 1, 1986): 293–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/1.3.293a.

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Spurgeon, Joyce A., and Jesse H. Wright. "Computer-Assisted Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy." Current Psychiatry Reports 12, no. 6 (September 25, 2010): 547–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11920-010-0152-4.

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Stuifbergen, Alexa, Heather Becker, Stephanie Morgan, Janet Morrison, and Frank Perez. "Home-Based Computer-Assisted Cognitive Training." International Journal of MS Care 13, no. 4 (December 1, 2011): 189–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.7224/1537-2073-13.4.189.

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Initial evidence suggests that computer-assisted cognitive rehabilitation may improve cognitive performance among people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Most studies of computer-assisted cognitive training have incorporated an individualized in-office/clinic approach for training. The purpose of this study was to explore the feasibility of home-based computer-assisted training and systematically examine the perceptions of people with MS regarding home use of the program. Qualitative data (written and verbal) obtained as part of a larger randomized clinical trial of a cognitive rehabilitation intervention were analyzed. The computer training component of the intervention included prescribed tracks and exercises on the Internet-based Neuropsychonline program. The majority of the participants used the program the recommended number of times per week and for the minimum number of minutes over the 8-week intervention. Although participants had notable negative perceptions and complaints about the program during the training experience, most of them acknowledged during training that use of the program helped them recognize cognitive limitations, create and practice strategies to increase cognitive function, and improve the quality of their daily life. Data from focus groups 3 months after the training included similar criticisms regarding lack of feedback and difficulties with the program as well as acknowledgment of the positive effects and a desire for continued access to the program. The findings suggest that while home training is feasible, careful preparation for use of the program is required.

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Kotwal, Dilnavaz B., William J. Burns, and Doil D. Montgomery. "Computer-Assisted Cognitive Training for ADHD." Behavior Modification 20, no. 1 (January 1996): 85–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01454455960201004.

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OLIVER, Miguel, José Pascual MOLINA, Antonio FERNÁNDEZ-CABALLERO, and Pascual GONZÁLEZ. "Collaborative Computer-Assisted Cognitive Rehabilitation System." ADCAIJ: Advances in Distributed Computing and Artificial Intelligence Journal 6, no. 3 (September 6, 2017): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.14201/adcaij2017635774.

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Lynch, William. "Ethics in computer-assisted cognitive retraining." Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation 4, no. 1 (March 1989): 91–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001199-198903000-00015.

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Scott, Christine, and Sally Byng. "Computer assisted remediation of a homophone comprehension disorder in surface dyslexia." Aphasiology 3, no. 3 (April 1989): 301–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02687038908248996.

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Ramsay, Ian S., Tasha M. Nienow, Matthew P. Marggraf, and Angus W. MacDonald. "Neuroplastic changes in patients with schizophrenia undergoing cognitive remediation: Triple-blind trial." British Journal of Psychiatry 210, no. 3 (March 2017): 216–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.115.171496.

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BackgroundPatients with schizophrenia have shown cognitive improvements following cognitive remediation, but the neuroplastic changes that support these processes are not fully understood.AimsTo use a triple-blind, placebo-controlled trial to examine neural activation before and after cognitive remediation or a computer skills training (CST) placebo (trial registration: NCT00995553)).MethodTwenty-seven participants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging before and after being randomised to either cognitive remediation intervention or CST. Participants completed two variants of the N-back task during scanning and were assessed on measures of cognition, functional capacity, community functioning and symptoms.ResultsWe observed a group × time interaction in the left prefrontal cortex, wherein the cognitive remediation group showed increased activation. These changes correlated with improved task accuracy within the cognitive remediation group, whereas there was no relationship between changes in activation in untrained cognitive measures. Significant changes were not observed in other hypothesised areas for the cognitive remediation group.ConclusionsWe replicated the finding that cognitive remediation increases left lateral prefrontal activation during a working memory task in patients with schizophrenia, suggesting this may be an important neural target for these types of interventions.

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Gontkovsky, Samuel T., Nicholas B. McDonald, Pamela G. Clark, and William D. Ruwe. "Current directions in computer-assisted cognitive rehabilitation." NeuroRehabilitation 17, no. 3 (August 10, 2002): 195–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/nre-2002-17304.

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Eells, Tracy D., Marna S. Barrett, Jesse H. Wright, and Michael Thase. "Computer-assisted cognitive–behavior therapy for depression." Psychotherapy 51, no. 2 (2014): 191–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0032406.

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Lynch, Bill. "Historical Review of Computer-assisted Cognitive Retraining." Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation 17, no. 5 (October 2002): 446–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001199-200210000-00006.

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McBain, Kenneth, and Linda B. M. Renton. "Computer-Assisted Cognitive Rehabilitation and Occupational Therapy." British Journal of Occupational Therapy 60, no. 5 (May 1997): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030802269706000503.

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Occupational therapists have been exploring and debating the therapeutic use of computers for over 10 years. Much of the literature on this topic is descriptive in nature. There has, however, been some work done in the area of cognitive rehabilitation. This article reviews the literature in relation to the use of computers in occupational therapy and in computer-assisted cognitive rehabilitation (CACR). The benefits of computers and the human computer interface are explored and the restorative versus the adaptive approaches in cognitive rehabilitation are debated. The role of occupational therapy in CACR is discussed and assistive technology literature is used to expand upon this topic. The topic of the contributions of programmers and clinicians in designing software is raised. Software issues are also raised, such as the properties, limitations and development of software. The conclusions suggest that there have been few studies that have explored the efficacy of CACR and that those that have indicate that there is limited clinical benefit. Some of the limiting factors are the hardware the programs were developed on and the lack of theoretical underpinning for using software in a rehabilitation programme. However, when an adaptive rather than a restorative approach is considered, the use of computers in this area appears more promising.

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Kumar, Devvarta, K. Ashwini, Shantala Hegde, Lavanya Prasanna, Boban Joseph, Anushree Bose, Hema Nawani, et al. "Caregiver assisted home-based cognitive remediation for individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia: A pilot study." Asian Journal of Psychiatry 42 (April 2019): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2019.03.010.

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Morris, S., D. Dickinson, A. S. Bellack, W. N. Tenhula, and J. M. Gold. "The development of a computer-based cognitive remediation program for schizophrenia." Schizophrenia Research 60, no. 1 (March 2003): 326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0920-9964(03)80293-1.

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Whyte, Michael M., Dolores M. Karolick, Milton C. Nielsen, Gregory D. Elder, and W. Thomas Hawley. "Cognitive Styles and Feedback in Computer-Assisted Instruction." Journal of Educational Computing Research 12, no. 2 (March 1995): 195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/m2av-gehe-cm9g-j9p7.

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Feedback during student practice is considered a fundamental component of well-designed computer-assisted instruction (CAI). This project focuses on the appropriate applications of feedback in a CAI lesson which teaches knowledge bases and concepts. The student's learning style/characteristics are a factor in the process. The project follows a 4 × 2 design which includes a pretest, intervention, posttest, and delayed posttest model. The factors of the design are feedback (KCR, KCRI, KOR, KORI) and learner characteristics (field dependent, field independent). The learners, freshmen cadets at the USAF Academy, were assigned to treatment groups via stratified random sampling. Stratification was based on pretest scores of prior knowledge and learner characteristics. The results of the primary intervention, level of feedback, were statistically significant, favoring increasing levels of information feedback. This article also provides instructors, instructional designers and authors of computer-assisted instruction useful methodologies for implementing the results in instructional products.

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Valenzi, S., Z. R. Struzik, A. Cichocki, and P. Jurica. "Methods for Transition Toward Computer Assisted Cognitive Examination." Methods of Information in Medicine 54, no. 03 (2015): 256–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3414/me14-01-0080.

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SummaryIntroduction: We present a software framework which enables the extension of current methods for the assessment of cognitive fitness using recent technological advances.Background: Screening for cognitive impairment is becoming more important as the world’s population grows older. Current methods could be enhanced by use of computers. Introduction of new methods to clinics requires basic tools for collection and communication of collected data.Objectives: To develop tools that, with minimal interference, offer new opportunities for the enhancement of the current interview based cognitive examinations.Methods: We suggest methods and discuss process by which established cognitive tests can be adapted for data collection through digitization by pen enabled tablets. We discuss a number of methods for evaluation of collected data, which promise to increase the resolution and objectivity of the common scoring strategy based on visual inspection. By involving computers in the roles of both instructing and scoring, we aim to increase the precision and reproducibility of cognitive examination.Results: The tools provided in Python framework CogExTools available at http://bsp.brain.riken.jp/cogextools/ enable the design, application and evaluation of screening tests for assessment of cognitive impairment. The toolbox is a research platform; it represents a foundation for further collaborative development by the wider research community and enthusiasts. It is free to download and use, and open-source.Conclusion: We introduce a set of open-source tools that facilitate the design and development of new cognitive tests for modern technology. We provide these tools in order to enable the adaptation of technology for cognitive examination in clinical settings. The tools provide the first step in a possible transition toward standardized mental state examination using computers.

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Rodriguez, M., M. Preiss, and P. Mohr. "Computer-assisted rehabilitation of cognitive functions in schizophrenia." European Psychiatry 17 (May 2002): 89–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(02)80410-2.

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Fisher, Melissa, Alexander Herman, Dustin B. Stephens, and Sophia Vinogradov. "Neuroscience-informed computer-assisted cognitive training in schizophrenia." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1366, no. 1 (February 2016): 90–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nyas.13042.

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Dzyuba-Balkanskaya, S. V., V. M. Studenikin, O. I. Maslova, and N. D. Makulova. "Computer-assisted screening of cognitive functions in schoolchildren." Biomedical Engineering 34, no. 3 (May 2000): 146–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02389847.

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Burda, Philip C., Timothy W. Starkey, Florentino Dominguez, and Vivian Vera. "Computer-assisted cognitive rehabilitation of chronic psychiatric inpatients." Computers in Human Behavior 10, no. 3 (September 1994): 359–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0747-5632(94)90061-2.

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