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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Computer fonts'
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Desruisseaux, Bernard. "Random dynamic fonts." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=27307.
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This thesis presents a general method and structure for storing, representing and reproducing random dynamic fonts, i.e., fonts whose each rendition of each letterform differs. Such fonts allow, e.g., to come closer to simulating true handwriting, by rendering its freedom, spontaneity, and unpredictability.This method allows the generation of random letterforms with different overall shapes, derived from single letterform descriptions, according to specified parameters and constraints. Letterforms generated in this manner remain closely related--to a certain extent--to the original letterforms, and preserve the continuity and thickness of the strokes.
Several examples of a typeface family designed with this method, implemented as PostScript Type 3 font programs, are presented. A survey of the literature on random dynamic fonts is also proposed.
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Lau, Man-kin, and 劉文建. "Learning by example for parametric font design." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B41897183.
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Lau, Man-kin. "Learning by example for parametric font design." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B41897183.
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Kwon, Samuel M. (Samuel Moonha). "Pixel-level data fusion techniques applied to the detection of gust fonts." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/38351.
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Solli, Martin. "Topics in Content Based Image Retrieval : Fonts and Color Emotions." Licentiate thesis, Norrköping : Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-16941.
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Nygren, Maria. "Web Font Optimization for Mobile Internet Users : A performance study of resource prioritization approaches for optimizing custom fonts on the web." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för datavetenskap och medieteknik (DM), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-85481.
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According to the HTTP Archive, 75% of websites are using web fonts. Multiple conditions have to be met before modern web browsers like Chrome, Firefox and Safari decide to download the web fonts needed on a page. As a result, web fonts are late discovered resources that can delay the First Meaningful Paint (FMP). Improving the FMP is relevant for the web industry, particularly for performance-conscious web developers. This paper gives insight into how the resource prioritization approaches HTTP/2 Preload and HTTP/2 Server Push can be used to optimize the delivery of web fonts for first-time visitors. Five font loading strategies that use HTTP/2 Server Push and/or Preload were implemented on replicas of the landing pages from five real-world websites. The font loading strategies were evaluated against each other, and against the non-optimized version of each landing page. All the evaluated font loading strategies in this degree project improved the time it took to deliver the first web font content to the user’s screen, resulting in a faster FMP. It was also discovered that HTTP/2 Server Push, on its own, is not a more performance efficient resource prioritization approach than HTTP/2 Preload when it comes to delivering web font content to the client. Further, HTTP/2 Server Push and HTTP/2 Preload appears to be more efficient when used together, in the context of optimizing the delivery of web font content. However, all conclusions in this paper are based on the results gathered from testing the font loading strategies in an emulated environment and are yet to be confirmed on actual mobile devices with real network conditions.
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Gosse, Ross. "Adapting Hvistendahl's and Kahl's typographic legibility study to the World Wide Web." Virtual Press, 1999. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1129625.
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In 1975, J.K. Hvistendahl and Mary R. Kahl tested 200 individuals to determine if readers preferred serif type for the body text of stories in newspapers. Subjects read stories set in serif and sans serif type. They were timed and asked for their preference as to which typeface they felt was more legible. The researchers found that test subjects preferred serif type the body text in their newsprint. After comparing the time it took subjects to read stories, researchers found readers needed less time to read stories set in serif type than sans serif.Almost 25 years later, another generation of readers has emerged, and Web pages are commonplace among many newspapers today. Yet nothing has been done to determine if these same findings are true for the World Wide Web. This study set out to do just that.Two hundred subjects were recruited for this study, each one placed into one of four groups: male student, male non-student, female student, and female non-student. Each subject was asked to read two 325-word stories, each on its own World Wide Web page. One story was set in a serif typeface, the other set in a sans serif typeface. Subjects were unobrusively timed with a stopwatch as they read each story. After reading the two stories, they were asked which typeface they felt was more legible, serif or sans serif.Overall, readers showd no statistically significant preference for serif or sans serif type in body text on the World Wide Web. The data was tested with ANOVA while frequencies and were also gathered. Only one statistically significant interaction surfaced which found that male students, who preferred sans serif type, took a statistically significant longer time to read online stories set in serif type.Department of Journalism
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Zhou, Juannan. "Marks of Design/." Baltimore, MD : University of Baltimore, 2008. http://www.marks-of-design.com.
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Mazzucato, Sandro. "Optimization of Bézier outlines and automatic font generation." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22772.
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A new method for the approximation of bitmap outlines with Bezier curves is presented in this thesis. This probabilistic approach accurately describes the contours with a small number of $C sp2$ continuous splines. The approximation is refined iteratively using a quality function. The evaluation method is based upon the smoothness of the generated outline and the precision at which it interpolates the original contour. Merge operations of adjacent Bezier splines and spline alterations using an adaptive random search technique are employed for finding an optimal solution.A program implementing the proposed algorithm was created and may be used to automatically generate PostScript type 1 fonts. The algorithm has shown to be very stable and to converge rapidly. Many new typefaces have been generated with the software and are shown in this thesis.
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Tsang, Pong-fan Dex, and 曾邦勳. "Enhanced font services for X Window system." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42576003.
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Tsang, Pong-fan Dex. "Enhanced font services for X Window system." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42576003.
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Bangor, Aaron W. "Improving Access to Computer Displays: Readability for Visually Impaired Users." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36939.
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In the field of human factors engineering the issue of how to present electronic text to people has been studied intensely for over 35 years. However, one major consideration that has largely been overlooked in these studies is how visual impairments affect reading of computer text. Specifically, the issue of how text can be modified to improve readability of CRTs for individuals with low vision. A 2x5x2x3 (visual capability, font size, polarity, and contrast) mixed-factor, repeated-measures experimental design was used to determine if changes in font size, contrast polarity, and/or contrast can improve reading speeds and reduce error rate for people with low vision.
The results of this experiment show that alterations in text can be made that do not affect unimpaired vision readers while dramatically improving the reading capabilities of the impaired vision population. For character size, 12 and 14 point font sizes were found to be too small for the visually impaired population examined. In general, 18 and 30 point font sizes were equal to each other and to the 24 point font size, but for some interactions these two were found to produce longer response times and higher error rates. Thus, a 24 point font size is recommended.
Unlike previous research with visually impaired participants, this experiment found that negative (white-on-black) polarity worsened reading performance. It is thought that this discrepancy is a result of polarity's interaction with small font sizes. For this reason, it is recommended that for font sizes of 18 points and below, positive polarity should be used. For 24 and 30 point sizes either polarity is satisfactory, though previous research (Legge, Pelli, Rubin, and Schleske, 1985b; NRC, 1995; Rubin and Legge, 1989) suggests negative polarity might be better for some visually impaired readers..
Contrasts of 3:1, 7:1, and 18:1 were used in this experiment and had no significant effect for either vision group. However, contrast did significantly interact with both font size and polarity. For font sizes of 18 points or below, it is recommended that contrasts of 18:1 be used for either polarity, but this is very important if negative polarity is used.
The above recommendations are based on a small group of impaired vision readers. Visual impairments vary widely and the sample used in this experiment represented only a portion of them, with respect to both cause and severity. Wherever possible, computer text should be tailored to the unique needs of its users.
Master of Science
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André, Jacques. "Création de fontes en typographie numérique." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Rennes 1, 1993. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011218.
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L'objet de ce mémoire est de montrer que désormais l'informatique permet de réaliser un vieux rève : se débarasser du carcan du plomb et créer de nouveaux caractères adaptés à de nouvelles technologies.Ce mémoire comprend deux parties. La première est une courte synthèse sur la typographie. Nous rappelons ce qu'est un caractère et comment on les fabriquait autrefois puis comment on les manipule aujourd'hui, c'est-à-dire ce qu'est une fonte numérique et comment, depuis peu, on arrive à atteindre les exigences du passé.
La seconde partie montre les recherches auxquelles nous avons participé : nous montrons d'abord une possibilité fondamentale en matière de créativité : on peut désormais calculer la forme d'un caractère lorsque l'on l'utilise et non plus avant, une fois pour toutes. Nous donnons comme première application celui du dessin des symboles mathématiques. Nous montrons ensuite comment ce concept de fonte dynamique permet de créer de nouveaux caractères en fonction du contexte.
En guise de conclusion, nous indiquons plusieurs voies de recherche.
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Zhong, Kimberli. "Learning to draw vector graphics : applying generative modeling to font glyphs." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/119692.
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Thesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2018.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 67-68).
Today, designers work in tandem with computerized tools to create stylized graphic designs, diagrams, and icons. In this work, we explore the applications of generative modeling to the design of vectorized drawings, with a focus on font glyphs. We establish a data-driven approach for creating preliminary graphics upon which designers can iterate. To accomplish this, we present an end-to-end pipeline for a supervised training system on Scalable Vector Graphics (SVGs) that learns to reconstruct training data and produce similar but novel examples. We demonstrate its results on selected characters using a Google Fonts dataset of 2552 font faces. Our approach uses a variational autoencoder to learn sequences of SVG drawing commands and is capable of both recreating ground truth inputs and generating unseen, editable SVG outputs. To investigate improvements to model performance, we perform two experiments: one on the effects of various SVG feature encodings on generated outputs, and one on a modified architecture that explicitly encodes style and class separately for multi-class generation.
by Kimberli Zhong.
M. Eng.
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葉賜權 and Chee-kuen Yip. "Machine recognition of multi-font printed Chinese Characters." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1990. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31210120.
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Costa, Camila Gonçalves [UNESP]. "Leis de Conservação Hiperbólicas 2D com Termo Fonte Stiff." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94320.
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costa_cg_me_prud.pdf: 10846333 bytes, checksum: edd825f26c64cc382ef405066dbf048d (MD5)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
As equações diferenciais parciais hiperbólicas tem recebido uma atenção especial nos últimos anos devido sua grande aplicabilidade em diversas áreas da ciência e pelas dificuldades numéricas que elas impõem. O presente projeto leva em conta a importância do termo fonte e as implicações que isto representa na solução numérica das equações hiperbólicas, em especial nas leis de conservação. Todo o trabalho é focado no caso bidimensional das leis de conservação hiperbólicas, considerando termos fonte stiff. Este tipo de termo fonte impõe diferença de escala de propagação das ondas e das escalas advindas do próprio termo fonte. A equação hiperbólica com termo fonte deve ser tratada de forma especial. Utilizando os métodos mais recomendados na prática, resolvemos tal equação separando-a em duas ou mais partes, e depois acoplamos as partes na solução final. Os métodos utilizados em cada parte separada tem grande influência na solução...
The hyperbolic partial differential equations has had special attention in recent years due to their wide application in various areas of science and the numerical difficulties they impose. This project takes into account the importance of the font term and the implications this represents in the numerical solution of hyperbolic equations, especially in conservation laws. All work is focused on the case of two-dimensional hyperbolic conservation laws, considering the font terms stiff. This type of font term imposes difference in scale propagation of waves and those scales that comes from the font term. The hyperbolic equation with font term should be treated in a special way. Using the methods recommended in practice, we solve this equation by separating it into two or more parts, and then put the parties together in the final solution. The methods used... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Lei, Sio Cheong. "The study on a Chinese calligraphy font generation." Thesis, University of Macau, 2007. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1636246.
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Chazalon, Joseph. "Interprétation contextuelle et assistée de fonds d'archives numérisés : application à des registres de vente du XVIIIe siècle." Phd thesis, INSA de Rennes, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00797179.
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Les fonds d'archives forment de grandes quantités de documents difficiles à interpréter automatiquement : les approches classiques imposent un lourd effort de conception, sans parvenir à empêcher la production d'erreurs qu'il faut corriger après les traitements. Face à ces limites, notre travail vise à améliorer la processus d'interprétation, en conservant un fonctionnement page par page, et en lui apportant des informations contextuelles extraites du fonds documentaire ou fournies par des opérateurs humains. Nous proposons une extension ciblée de la description d'une page qui permet la mise en place systématique d'échanges entre le processus d'interprétation et son environnement. Un mécanisme global itératif gère l'apport progressif d'informations contextuelles à ce processus, ce qui améliore l'interprétation. L'utilisation de ces nouveaux outils pour le traitement de documents du XVIIIe siècle a montré qu'il était facile d'intégrer nos propositions à un système existant, que sa conception restait simple, et que l'effort de correction pouvait être diminué.
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Kergosien, Eric. "Point de vue ontologique de fonds documentaires territorialisés indexés." Phd thesis, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00720439.
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Dans les bibliothèques et les médiathèques, une caractéristique importante des fonds documentaires mis à disposition est qu'ils contiennent d'abondantes références a l'histoire, à la géographie, au patrimoine, en somme au territoire, et il est primordial pour ces centres de valoriser ces spécificités territoriales pour répondre à des objectifs d'information et d'éducation. Dans ce contexte, nous faisons l'hypothèse qu'en utilisant un point de vue géographique pour mod eliser un ensemble de ressources terminologiques utilisées pour indexer un fond documentaire, il est possible de faire émerger une représentation du territoire qui y est implicitement décrite. Concernant la modélisation de la connaissance en géomatique, de nombreux travaux s'appliquent à construire une représentation sémantique structurée géographique de domaines cibles. Cependant, il ne semble pas exister d'approche permettant de construire une représentation d'un territoire à partir de fonds documentaires annotés. Nous proposons donc une méthodologie complète et automatisée permettant de construire une couche conceptuelle de type ontologie d'un territoire, sur la base d'un fonds documentaire indexé par des experts. Nous positionnons nos travaux dans l'extraction et la structuration de la connaissance que nous appliquons dans le domaine de la géomatique en nous appuyant notamment sur des techniques provenant du Traitement Automatique du Langage Naturel. Nous entendons ici par territoire un ensemble de lieux que l'on peut mettre en relation selon un ensemble de thèmes en fonction d'une période donnée. Ainsi, nous présentons un complément original s'appuyant sur le travail d'indexation réalisé par les experts documentalistes sur un fonds documentaire pour faire émerger une ontologie d'un territoire implicitement décrit dans les documents. Une contribution importante de notre travail concerne l'enrichissement de fa con incrémentale de la représentation d'un territoire. Nous proposons pour cela une chaine de TALN qui permet de marquer dans des documents textes annotés un ensemble d'informations spatiales, temporelles et thématiques qui nous sert de base pour l'enrichissement de la représentation d'un territoire. Une perspective à ces travaux est de pouvoir valider notre approche sur plusieurs fonds documentaires d'origines diverses. L'intérêt sera de proposer une méthode qui, sur la base des représentations de territoires obtenues, permettrait d'identifier et de représenter les spécificités de chaque fonds documentaire.
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BRANCO, ISABELA S. L. "Estudo dos efeitos na dose devido à heterogeneidade em braquiterapia com fontes de I125." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2017. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/28045.
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A braquiterapia de baixas taxas de dose realizada com sementes de 125I tem sido amplamente usada por décadas em variados sítios anatômicos, com bons resultados clínicos. O advento de algoritmos para cálculo de dose baseados em modelos (MBDCAs) permitiu aprimorar oestudo de deposição da dose considerando heterogeneidades como diferentes tecidos, órgãos,aplicadores com composições diferentes da água, proporcionando a análise em geometriascomplexas. As simulações matemáticas realizadas através destes algoritmos possibilitam odesenvolvimento de modelos fisicamente mais acurados que estendem sua aplicabilidade àverificação de sistemas de planejamento em braquiterapia. Neste trabalho foram estudadasconfigurações de objetos simuladores confeccionados para medidas experimentais e simuladosatravés do código MCNP de Monte Carlo a fim de observar as diferenças ocasionadas pelaintrodução de heterogeneidades quando presentes fontes de 125I de baixa taxa de dose. Para estepropósito, distintas as vertentes do tema foram abordadas, entre elas o estudo da influênciaexercida pelos parâmetros de densidade e composição dos materiais tecido equivalentes. Osresultados obtidos demonstraram que, o efeito que a composição de cada um dos materiaisexerce sobre a deposição de dose é mais expressivo que o efeito de sua densidade. Em outroestudo, foi estabelecida uma relação para estimar, de maneira simples, a dose de atenuação detecidos heterogêneos a partir da aferição ou simulação da dose obtida num objeto simuladorconstituído por PMMA, metodologia que pode ser desenvolvida e implementada na rotina clínica.Para complementação das análises dos estudos dosimétricos com a presença deheterogeneidades, foi realizada a validação da geometria simulada da semente de 125I, onde sereproduziu a metodologia de cálculo dosimétrico presente no TG-43 da AAPM. Além disto, foirealizado o estudo teórico da dependência energética dos dosímetros termoluminescentes paraanalisar a variação de sua resposta conforme a energia. A metodologia desenvolvida para oestudo dos efeitos da heterogeneidade na deposição de dose é recomendada na avaliação desistemas de planejamento computadorizados que possuem algoritmos de cálculo de dosebaseados em modelos, quando utilizadas fontes de 125I com baixa taxa de dose, de forma acontribuir na incorporação de novas estimativas de doses com maior acurácia.
Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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Almeida, Diogo Cabral de. "Pride: uma ferramenta de detecção de similaridade em código-fonte." Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 2015. http://www.repositorio.ufal.br/handle/riufal/1611.
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Plagiarism among students of introductory programming courses has been increasing over time. The ease of exchange of information brought by the Internet can be the factor responsible for this increase. In many cases, students try to disguise the plagiarism making some modifications to the source code. However, some masking techniques are extremely complex to be detected and may not be seen with the naked eye. In this dissertation, detection techniques were analyzed and, on this basis, was developed a system able to detect plagiarism in source code. This system is based on the representation code as an abstract syntax tree and Karp-Rabin Greedy String Tiling algorithm. The system was evaluated using a source-code base of students of programming disciplines. Oracle based comparison was performed to compare the system with others. The oracle was created from the manual analysis of the teacher of the subject, which was marked if there was plagiarism or not in each pair of source code. To represent the results, ROC curves and confusion matrices were used. The same procedure was applied to existing systems, allowing direct comparison of results. More specifically, we use the value of the area under the curve and the minimum distance to point (0, 1) of the ROC space, since these figures represent the classification performance. The analysis of results shows that, for the sample used, the developed system obtained higher area under the curve and also the shortest distance to the point (0, 1) of the space ROC. However, we find that the choice of similarity detection tool in source code will depend on conservative or liberal profile of teaching.O plágio entre alunos de disciplinas introdutórias de programação vem aumentando ao longo do tempo. A facilidade na troca de informações trazida pela Internet pode ser um dos fatores responsáveis por esse aumento. Em muitos casos, os alunos tentam disfarçar o plágio fazendo algumas modificações no código-fonte. Porém, algumas técnicas de disfarce são extremamente complexas e podem não ser detectadas a olho nu. Neste trabalho, foram analisadas as técnicas de detecção e, com base nelas, foi desenvolvido um sistema capaz de detectar plágio em código-fonte. Este sistema é baseado na representação do código como uma árvore sintática abstrata e no algoritmo Karp-Rabin Greedy String Tiling. O sistema foi avaliado utilizando uma base de códigos-fonte de alunos de disciplinas programação. Foi realizada uma comparação baseada em oráculo para comparar o sistema com os demais. O oráculo foi criado a partir da análise do docente da disciplina, onde foi marcado se havia plágio ou não em cada par de código-fonte. Para representar os resultados, foram utilizadas curvas ROC e matrizes de confusão. O mesmo procedimento foi aplicado aos sistemas já existentes, o que permitiu a comparação direta entre os resultados. Mais especificamente, utilizamos o valor da área sob a curva e a distância mínima para o ponto (0, 1) do espaço ROC, uma vez que esses valores representam o desempenho de classificação. A análise dos resultados indica que, para a amostra utilizada, o sistema desenvolvido obteve o maior valor da área sob a curva e também a menor distância para o ponto (0, 1) do espaço ROC. No entanto, concluímos que a escolha de uma ferramenta de detecção de similaridade em código-fonte dependerá bastante do perfil conservador ou liberal do docente.
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CINTRA, FELIPE B. de. "Avaliacao da metodologia de calculo de dose em microdosimetria com fontes de eletrons com o uso do codigo MCNP5." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2010. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9619.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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Amaral, Alexandre de Aguiar 1986. "Inferindo a fonte e o destino do tráfego anômalo em redes de computadores usando correlação espaço-temporal." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/261500.
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Orientadores: Leonardo de Souza Mendes, Mario Lemes Proença JuniorDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação
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Resumo: Estratégias voltadas para a detecção de anomalias em redes de computadores emitem alarmes como forma de notificação ao administrador de rede. Esses alarmes são essenciais para a gerencia de rede, pois são evidencias de uma anormalidade. Entretanto, uma única anomalia pode gerar um numero excessivo de alarmes, tornando a inspeção manual inviável. Nesta dissertação, e apresentado um sistema de correlação de alarmes automatizado, divido em três camadas, que obtém os alarmes primitivos e apresenta ao administrador de rede uma visão global do cenário afetado pela anomalia. A camada de pré-processamento faz a compressão dos alarmes utilizando seus atributos espaciais e temporais, os quais são reduzidos a um único alarme denominado DLA (Alarme em Nível de Equipamento). A camada de correlação busca, através dos DLAs e de informações sobre a topologia da rede, inferir o caminho de propagação da anomalia, sua origem e destino. A camada de apresentação prove a visualização do caminho e elementos de redes afetados pela propagação da anomalia. O sistema apresentado nesta dissertação foi aplicado em diversos cenários que apresentavam anomalias reais detectadas na rede da Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Foi demonstrada sua capacidade de identificar, de forma automatizada, o caminho de propagação do trafego anômalo, proporcionando informações úteis e corretas ao administrador de rede para o diagnostico do problema
Abstract: Anomaly detection systems for computer networks send alarms in order to notify the network administrator. These alarms are essential for network management because they are evidences of an abnormality. However, a single anomaly may generate an excessive volume of alarms, making the manual inspection unfeasible. In this work, it is presented an automated alarm correlation system divided into three layers, which obtains raw alarms and presents to network administrator a global view of the scenario affected by the anomaly. In the preprocessing layer, it is performed the alarm compression using their spatial and temporal attributes, which are reduced to a unique alarm named DLA (Device Level Alarm). The correlation layer aims to infer the anomaly propagation path and its origin and destination using DLAs and network topology information. The presentation layer provides the visualization of the path and network elements affected by the anomaly propagation through the network. The presented system was applied in various scenarios that had real anomalies detected on the State University of Londrina network. It demonstrated its ability to identify in an automated manner the anomalous traffic propagation path, providing useful and accurate information to the network administrator to diagnose the problem
Mestrado
Telecomunicações e Telemática
Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica
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Nascimento, Franklin Hebert Silva do. "Conversor fonte de imped?ncia monof?sico operando em modo isolado." PROGRAMA DE P?S-GRADUA??O EM ENGENHARIA EL?TRICA E DE COMPUTA??O, 2016. https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/24222.
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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES)
Os avan?os tecnol?gicos ocorridos nas ?ltimas d?cadas representam uma procura da humanidade por melhores condi??es relacionadas ? qualidade de vida. Todo o desenvolvimento obtido nas diversas ?reas do conhecimento humano, quase sempre, est? diretamente relacionado ? utiliza??o da energia el?trica, sendo, portanto, de fundamental import?ncia, a pesquisa voltada para gera??o e formas de utiliza??o da energia el?trica gerada. O trabalho desenvolvido ? voltado a apresentar a utiliza??o de um conversor do tipo fonte de imped?ncia utilizado para alimentar cargas monof?sicas a partir de um sistema de alimenta??o prim?rio, operando em modo isolado. O conversor ? formado por uma malha de imped?ncia na entrada composta por um diodo ultra r?pido, indutores e capacitores, al?m disso s?o usadas quatro chaves de pot?ncia para converter pot?ncia CC em pot?ncia CA. A tens?o de entrada da malha Z ? sintetizada a partir de um conjunto composto por uma fonte de tens?o senoidal trif?sica ajust?vel; uma ponte retificadora trif?sica a diodos, e um grande capacitor eletrol?tico de filtro. Ser? apresentada uma metodologia de projeto para dimensionamento do conversor, bem como apresentada a t?cnica de modula??o Boost simples e suas varia??es, utilizadas no acionamento do conversor. Al?m disso ser? apresentada uma nova t?cnica de modula??o proposta nesse trabalho. As t?cnicas de modula??o para o acionamento do conversor ser?o avaliadas por meio de simula??es e resultados experimentais.
Technological advances occurred in the past decades show the quest of mankind for better quality life conditions. All the development achieved in different areas of human knowledge, in many cases, are directly related to the use of electricity. Research related to the generation of electricity and about the ways electricity can be used is a very important and actual area. This work has the purpose to introduce the use of an impedance source converter to feed single-phase loads from a primary feed system, operating in standalone mode. The converter has an impedance network at the input terminals composed by an ultra fast diode, inductors and capacitors. There are used four power switches to convert DC power to AC power. The input voltage in Z-network is synthesized using a set composed by an adjustable AC voltage source, a three-phase rectifier bridge and a larger electrolytic capacitor of filter. A guide line for the design of power converters and output filters, as well as simple boost modulation technique and its variations will be presented. Besides that, a new modulation technique will be proposed. Also simulation and experimental results about the modulation techniques used to drive the impedance source converter will be presented.
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Grilo, Frederico José Lapa. "Modelo de processamento de imagem, com múltiplas fontes de aquisição, para manipulação aplicada à domótica." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/25787.
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Este trabalho foca-se em modelos de processamento de imagem para
utilização na visão por computador. Modelos de processamento de imagem
com multi-aquisição e/ou em multi-perspectiva, para um conhecimento do meio
circundante, com possibilidade de comando e controlo na área da domótica
e/ou robótica móvel. Os algoritmos desenvolvidos têm a capacidade de serem
implementados em blocos de software ou hardware, de forma independente
(autónomos), ou integrados como componentes de um sistema mais complexo.
O desenvolvimento dos algoritmos privilegiou o seu elevado desempenho,
constrangido pela minimização da carga computacional.
Nos modelos de processamento de imagem desenvolvidos foram focados 4
tópicos fundamentais de investigação: a) detecção de movimento de objectos e
seres humano em ambiente não controlado; b) detecção da face humana, a ser
usada como variável de controlo (entre outras aplicações); c) capacidade de
utilização de multi-fontes de aquisição e processamento de imagem, com
diferentes condições de iluminação não controladas, integradas num sistema
complexo com diversas topologias; d) capacidade de funcionamento de forma
autónoma ou em rede distribuída, apenas comunicando resultados finais, ou
integrados modularmente na solução final de sistemas complexos de aquisição
de imagem.
A implementação laboratorial, com teste em protótipos, foi ferramenta decisiva
no melhoramento de todos os algoritmos desenvolvidos neste trabalho; IMAGE PROCESSING MODELS, WITH MULTIPLE ACQUISITION
SOURCES, FOR MANIPULATION IN DOMOTICS
Abstract:
This work focuses on image processing models for computer vision. Image
processing models with multi-acquisition and/or multi-perspective models were
developed to acquire knowledge over the surrounding environment, allowing
system control in the field of domotics and/or mobile robotics. The developed
algorithms have the capacity to be implemented in software or hardware blocks,
independently (autonomous), or integrated as a component in more complex
systems. The development of the algorithms was focused on high performance
constrained by the computational burden minimization.
In the developed image processing models it were addressed 4 main research
topics: a) movement detection of objects and human beings in an uncontrolled
environment; b) detection of the human face to be used as a control variable
(among other applications); c) possibility of using multi-sources of acquisition
and image processing, with different uncontrolled lighting conditions, integrated
into a complex system with different topologies; d) ability to work as an
autonomous entity or as a node integrated on a distributed network, only
transmitting final results, or integrated as a link in a complex image processing
system.
The laboratorial implementation, with prototype tests, was the main tool for the
improvement of all developed algorithms, discussed in the present work
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Rocha, Thiago de Oliveira Alves. "Contribui??es para estrat?gia de controle aplicada ? gera??o fotovoltaica interconectada ? rede el?trica." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2015. http://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/20679.
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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES)
Os sistemas de gera??o, que utilizam fontes renov?veis, est?o se tornando cada vez mais populares devido ? necessidade do incremento do uso da energia el?trica. Atualmente, as fontes renov?veis cooperam com a gera??o convencional, em decorr?ncia da limita??o do sistema na entrega da pot?ncia requerida, da necessidade da redu??o dos efeitos indesejados das fontes que utilizam combust?veis fosseis (polui??o) e a dificuldade de constru??o de novas linhas de transmiss?o e/ou distribui??o. Esta coopera??o se d? por meio da gera??o distribu?da. Desta forma, neste trabalho s?o propostas contribui??es para o sistema de controle utilizado para a interconex?o de sistemas PV (do ingl?s, Photovoltaic) de gera??o distribu?da com a rede el?trica trif?sica, por meio de filtros de conex?o do tipo LCL. A compensa??o da qualidade de energia no ponto de acoplamento comum (PAC) ? realizada garantindo-se que a rede el?trica forne?a, ou consuma apenas pot?ncia ativa e que suas correntes possuam baixo teor harm?nico. Diferentemente das t?cnicas tradicionais, que necessitam de esquemas para a detec??o harm?nica, a t?cnica utilizada realiza a compensa??o harm?nica sem a utiliza??o desses esquemas, controlando as correntes de sa?da do sistema de uma forma indireta. Para que haja um efetivo controle da tens?o do barramento CC (Corrente Cont?nua) ? utilizado o controlador robusto em modo dual DSM-PI (Proporcional Integral Dual em Modo Deslizante), que durante o transit?rio se comporta como um controlador em modo deslizante SM-PI (Proporcional Integral em Modo Deslizante), e em regime permanente se comporta como um PI (Proporcional Integral) convencional. Para o controle das correntes ? utilizado a estrat?gia de controle repetitivo, onde s?o utilizados controladores de dupla sequ?ncia (DSC) sintonizados na componente fundamental, no quinto e no s?timo harm?nico. As correntes de refer?ncia s?o alinhadas ao ?ngulo de fase do vetor tens?o da rede el?trica, obtido a partir do uso de um SRF-PLL (do ingl?s, Synchronous Reference Frame Phase-Locked-Loop). Com o intuito de obter a m?xima pot?ncia do array fotovoltaico ? utilizado um algoritmo de MPPT (do ingl?s, Maximum Power Point Tracking) sem a necessidade de adi??o de sensores. Resultados experimentais s?o apresentados para demonstrar a efic?cia do sistema de controle proposto.
Generation systems, using renewable sources, are becoming increasingly popular due to the need for increased use of electricity. Currently, renewables sources have a role to cooperate with conventional generation, due to the system limitation in delivering the required power, the need for reduction of unwanted effects from sources that use fossil fuels (pollution) and the difficulty of building new transmission and/or distribution lines. This cooperation takes place through distributed generation. Therefore, this work proposes a control strategy for the interconnection of a PV (Photovoltaic) system generation distributed with a three-phase power grid through a connection filter the type LCL. The compensation of power quality at point of common coupling (PCC) is performed ensuring that the mains supply or consume only active power and that his currents have low distorcion. Unlike traditional techniques which require schemes for harmonic detection, the technique performs the harmonic compensation without the use of this schemes, controlling the output currents of the system in an indirect way. So that there is effective control of the DC (Direct Current) bus voltage is used the robust controller mode dual DSMPI (Dual-Sliding Mode-Proportional Integral), that behaves as a sliding mode controller SM-PI (Sliding Mode-Proportional Integral) during the transition and like a conventional PI (Proportional Integral) in the steady-state. For control of current is used to repetitive control strategy, which are used double sequence controllers (DSC) tuned to the fundamental component, the fifth and seventh harmonic. The output phase current are aligned with the phase angle of the utility voltage vector obtained from the use of a SRF-PLL (Synchronous Reference Frame Phase-Locked-Loop). In order to obtain the maximum power from the PV array is used a MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) algorithm without the need for adding sensors. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control system.
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ANTUNES, ALBERI. "Um estudo da fisica de sistemas multiplicativos subcriticos acionados por fontes e a utilizacao de codigos deterministicos no calculo destes sistemas." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2008. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9362.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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Rueda, Martinez Guillermo Andres. "Modelagem e simulação do processo de produção de PLA (poli-ácido láctico) obtido a partir de fontes renováveis para uso biomédico." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/266789.
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Orientador: Rubens Maciel FilhoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Química
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Resumo: O desenvolvimento de materiais para a aplicação em engenharia tecidual vem sendo um dos grandes desafios na pesquisa de biomateriais. Polímeros não tóxicos e biocompatíveis ao corpo humano são estudados para viabilizar sua aplicação em técnicas avançadas de biofabricação, como a prototipagem rápida. Estas técnicas utilizam biomateriais, permitindo manipular e depositar nestes, células vivas em um processo de construção por camadas de matrizes ou -scaffoldsII, possibilitando seu posterior uso como dispositivos médicos. Dentre os biomateriais que podem ser utilizados na prototipagem rápida para uso biomédico, encontra-se o poli (ácido láctico) ou PLA, o qual é sintetizado a partir do ácido láctico que pode ser obtido por fermentação de açúcares extraídos de fontes renováveis, tais como cana-de-açúcar e milho. O PLA é um polímero biocompatível usado em várias aplicações biomédicas, devido à sua degradabilidade em contato com fluidos corpóreos e capacidade de ser absorvido pelo corpo humano. Trata-se de um polímero muito versátil que pode ser produzido com ampla gama de propriedades. Devido a estas características, encontrar os valores ótimos de todas as variáveis para atingir propriedades específicas do produto, torna-se inviável experimentalmente, visto que há elevado custo e grande tempo requerido pelos experimentos. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver uma planta de processamento virtual para estudar e simular o processo de síntese do PLA a partir de fontes renováveis usando o simulador comercial ASPEN PLUS®. Através das simulações foram identificadas as relações das propriedades do polímero com as condições operacionais (temperatura, pressão, entre outras) e de projeto (volume reacional), visando obter um produto final com alta massa molar e pureza
Abstract: The development of successful materials for use in tissue engineering has been one of the major challenges in biomaterials research. Biocompatible polymers as well as advanced biomanufacturing techniques, such as rapid prototyping, have been extensively studied. These techniques use biomaterials that allow the manipulation and deposition of living cells in a layer-by-layer building process to create- scaffoldsII for further use as medical devices. Poly (lactic acid) or PLA, which is synthesized from lactic acid obtained by fermentation of sugars derived from renewable sources such as sugar cane and corn, is one of the most common biomaterials employed in rapid prototyping. PLA is a biocompatible polymer used in several biomedical applications due to its high biodegradability in contact with body fluids and its ability to be absorbed by the human body. Furthermore, it is a very versatile polymer that can be produced with a wide range of properties. Therefore, the experimental process to adjust and optimize all the variables in order to achieve specific properties of the product is impractical, not only because of the high economic cost it involves, but also because of the time-consuming nature of the process. In this context, the study and simulation of the synthesis of PLA from renewable sources was proposed using the commercial simulator ASPEN PLUS® in order to identify the relationship between the polymer properties and the operating conditions (temperature, pressure, etc.) as well as the design conditions (reaction volume) so as to achieve a final product with high molecular weight number
Mestrado
Desenvolvimento de Processos Químicos
Mestre em Engenharia Química
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Chandler, Scott Bondurant. "Comparing the Legibility and Comprehension of Type Size, Font Selection and Rendering Technology of Onscreen Type." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29629.
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This experimental study investigated the relationship between the independent measures of font selection, type size, and type rendering technology and the dependent measures of legibility, as measured by the Chapman-Cook speed of reading test, as well as comprehension, as measured by a series of questions from the verbal comprehension section of the Graduate Record Exam. An electronic instrument presented test items in 12 different typographic styles. The study tested 117 college students at a university in southwestern Virginia. Each participant encountered anti-alias type rendering style and the orthochromatic type rendering style while participants were randomly assigned to either Helvetica or Palatino (font selection) and 8, 10 or 12 point type size.
Results indicated that the 12 point type size was read more quickly than either 8 point type or 10 point type. There was also an interaction between font selection and type rendering technology for speed of reading: Helvetica without an anti-alias was read more quickly than Helvetica with an anti-alias and more quickly than Palatino without an anti-alias. These findings contradict an earlier, similar study.
There were no significant results with regard to comprehension.
[Vita removed Oct. 13, 2010. GMc]Ph. D.
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Chazalon, Joseph. "Interprétation contextuelle et assistée de fonds d'archives numérisées : application à des registres de ventes du XVIIIe siècle." Phd thesis, INSA de Rennes, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00903374.
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Les fonds d'archives forment de grandes quantités de documents difficiles à interpréter automatiquement : les approches classiques imposent un lourd effort de conception, sans parvenir à empêcher la production d'erreurs qu'il faut corriger après les traitements.Face à ces limites, notre travail vise à améliorer la processus d'interprétation, en conservant un fonctionnement page par page, et en lui apportant des informations contextuelles extraites du fonds documentaire ou fournies par des opérateurs humains.Nous proposons une extension ciblée de la description d'une page qui permet la mise en place systématique d'échanges entre le processus d'interprétation et son environnement. Un mécanisme global itératif gère l'apport progressif d'informations contextuelles à ce processus, ce qui améliore l'interprétation.L'utilisation de ces nouveaux outils pour le traitement de documents du XVIIIe siècle a montré qu'il était facile d'intégrer nos propositions à un système existant, que sa conception restait simple, et que l'effort de correction pouvait être diminué.
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Vidal, Segura Mar. "User experience design and front end development of an online auction website." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-254581.
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Art_Value is a startup whose purpose is to create an innovative marketplace where new artworks, based on numbers, are created, distributed through auctions and traded. Online auctions have added new advantages of new technologies and trigger more emotions than online shopping. Even though there is a big virtual world, the abstract digital art world is still small and there are not many platforms providing it. Art_Value project wants the user to generate the digital art that he wants to acquire. The platform to provide that service is a website.In this report describes the user experience design and the front end development and testing of the prototype of the auction page of the website. The design methodology used is the Double Diamond, formed by four stages: discover, define, develop and deliver. The programming languages and libraries used are HTML, CSS, JavaSript and React. The result of the work is the front end prototype of the auction page of the website with an auction system simulated to recreate as realistically as possible the user experience. User experience testing has been done and its results have been analysed and defined as improvements for the future versions.Art_Value är en startup som syftar till att skapa en innovativ marknadsplats där nya konstverk baserade på tal skapas, distribueras via auktioner och handlas. Online-auktioner har lagt till nya fördelar med ny teknik och utlöser fler känslor än e-handel. Även om det finns en stor virtuell värld är den abstrakt digital konstvärld fortfarande liten och det finns inte många plattformar som tillhandahåller den. Art_Value-projektet vill att användaren ska skapa den digitala konsten som han villförvärva. Plattformen för att tillhandahålla den tjänsten är en webbplats.I denna rapport beskrivs användarupplevelsedesignen och framsidans utveckling och testning av prototypen på webbplatsens auktionssida. Den använda designmetoden är Double Diamond, som bildas av fyra steg: upptäck, definiera, utveckla och leverera. Programmeringsspråken och biblioteken som används är HTML, CSS, JavaScript och React. Resultatet av arbetet är framsidans prototyp på webbplatsens auktionssida, med ett auktionssystem som simuleras för att så realistiskt som möjligt återskapa användarupplevelsen. Användarupplevelsen har testats och dess resultat har analyserats och definierats som förbättringar för framtida versioner.
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Simões, Heleno Ribeiro. "Avaliação de materiais usando a radiografia computadorizada (CR) empregando um acelerador linear e cobalto - 60 como fontes de altas energias." Universidade de Taubaté, 2012. http://www.bdtd.unitau.br/tedesimplificado/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=576.
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Nas construções de caldeiras de força, vasos de pressão e outros tipos de equipamentos para os diversos segmentos industriais têm exigido da engenharia de materiais um desenvolvimento tecnológico para melhores processos na obtenção de materiais fundidos, forjados, laminados, e outros. Desenvolver recursos tecnológicos que minimizem a presença de imperfeições que possam comprometer a integridade estrutural dos equipamentos que operam com pressão tem sido uma busca constante tanto nas usinas como nas indústrias de bens de capital nas fases das construções. Uma construção implica em seleção de materiais, projeto, fabricação, exames, inspeção, testes, certificação e dispositivos de alívio que atendam aos requisitos dos códigos e normas. Estes requisitos estão cada vez maiores e estabelecem limites para a existência destas imperfeições vão de encontro à necessidade de lançar mão de métodos de ensaios não destrutivos que permitam sempre a melhor probabilidade de detecção. Os processos de controle da qualidade têm buscado por meio das novas tecnologias aumentarem a sua sensibilidade, visando à detecção de descontinuidades que hoje são detectadas pelos métodos convencionais. Em termos de ensaios não destrutivos, as exigências para o ensaio radiográfico convencional estão no limite da sensibilidade dos filmes radiográficos industriais disponíveis, além do compromisso de buscar um tempo de exposição menor ser sempre um fator importante a ser considerado na qualidade, segurança e produtividade tanto na fábrica como no campo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar e avaliar a técnica de radiografia computadorizada (RC) em relação à radiografia convencional para inspeção dos materiais, utilizando os parâmetros de avaliação, tais como, relação sinal ruído, resolução espacial, ferramentas para detectabilidade, sensibilidade ao contraste e tons de cinza, que são aplicáveis nas avaliações de imagens digitais. Para a avaliação da técnica de radiografia industrial digital foi utilizado um corpo-de-prova fabricada pelo processo de fundição com espessura de 75 a 150 mm, com defeitos típicos do processo. O corpo-de-prova foi radiografado com a técnica convencional e digital. Na técnica convencional foram utilizados os filmes radiográficos industriais tipos I e II do ASTM E 1815, um acelerador linear Varian modelo Linatron 400 de 4 MeV e duas fontes de Cobalto-60 com atividades diferentes. Na técnica computadorizada foram utilizados as mesmas fontes de radiação, uma placa de fósforo denominada IPX e um equipamento CR-50P ambos da GE IT. Pelos resultados obtidos pode-se verificar que a radiografia digital com os equipamentos avaliados, atende satisfatoriamente os códigos e normas que são utilizadas na avaliação de peças fundidas. A técnica mostrou-se mais qualitativa quando na avaliação das descontinuidades localizadas nas seções críticas, pois o sistema RC possibilita a utilização de ferramenta de perfil de linha que fornece os valores de nível de cinza ao longo de uma trajetória linear demarcada na área da imagem da descontinuidade. Com isto, mesmo em poucos experimentos e um único sistema de RC pode-se concluir que a técnica é bastante vantajosa na detecção de descontinuidades nos processos de fabricação e que atendeu tanto os requisitos do ASTM E 272 para o cobre ou o ASME Seção VIII Divisão 1, Apêndice 7 que referenciam os padrões radiográficos conforme as normas ASTM E-186 e ASTM E-280 para aços fundidos.In the constructions of power boilers, pressure vessels and other equipment for several industries has required the development of materials engineering technology for better processes in obtaining materials cast, forged, rolled, and others. Develop technological resources that minimize the presence of imperfections that could compromise the structural integrity of the equipment operating pressure has been a constant search both in plants and in capital goods industries phases of construction. A construction involves materials selection, design, fabrication, testing, inspection, testing, certification, and relief devices that meet the requirements of codes and standards. These requirements are increasing and establish limits for the existence of these imperfections go against the need to resort to non-destructive testing methods that enable always the best probability of detection. The processes of quality control have sought through new technologies increase their sensitivity in order to detect discontinuities of today are detected by conventional methods. In terms of non-destructive testing, requirements for conventional radiographic testing are at the limit of sensitivity of available industrial radiographic films, besides the commitment to seek a lower exposure time is always an important factor to be considered in quality, safety and productivity both in the factory and in the field. The aim of this work was to study and evaluate the technical radiography Computed (RC) compared to conventional radiography for inspection of materials, using evaluation parameters such as signal to noise ratio, spatial resolution, and tools for detectability, contrast sensitivity and grayscale, which apply in evaluations of digital images. For the evaluation of industrial radiography technique it was used a test specimen manufactured by the casting process with thickness from 75 to 150 mm, with typical defects in the process. The test specimen was X-rayed with the conventional and digital techniques. In the conventional technique were used industrial radiographic films types I and II to ASTM E 1815, a linear accelerator Varian model 400 Linatron 4 MeV and two cobalt-60 sources with different activities. In the technique computed were used the same radiation source, a phosphor plate IPX and an apparatus called CR-50P both GE IT. From the results it can be seen that with digital radiography equipment evaluated satisfactorily meets the codes and standards that are used in the evaluation of castings. The technique was more qualitative evaluation when the discontinuities located in critical sections for the system to use RC allows tool profile line shows values of gray level along a linear path demarcated in the image area discontinuity. With this, even in a few experiments a single system and RC can be concluded that the technique is quite advantageous in the detection of discontinuities in the manufacturing processes and that both met the requirements of ASTM E 272 for copper or ASME Section VIII Division 1, Appendix 7 that reference radiographic patterns according to ASTM E-186 and ASTM E-280 for steel castings.
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Cáceres, Delgado Adriana. "Algoritmo para frenagem regenerativa de uma máquina síncrona de imã permanente." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/263011.
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Orientador: Niederauer MastelariDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica
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Resumo: A proteção ambiental e o melhor uso dos recursos energéticos são áreas de pesquisa de grande atividade. Como resultado destas pesquisas o desenvolvimento de veículos elétricos (VE) e híbridos (VEH) têm se acelerado. Estes possuem problemáticas desafiadoras, como baixa autonomia, a conversão de energia, o controle do veículo, o gerenciamento e distribuição da energia dentro dele, assim como o "design" tanto estético quanto mecânico e econômico. Este conjunto de problemáticas inspirou este projeto de mestrado que tem como objetivo o estudo e elaboração de um algoritmo para frenagem regenerativa (FR) de uma máquina síncrona de imã permanente brushless (BLDC). Motivados nas características que a estratégia de FR proporciona ao VE, entre estas, o aumento na autonomia e a melhora do desempenho mecânico e eletrônico do mesmo já que quando a FR é ativada recupera-se uma parte da energia cinética durante a desaceleração através da máquina elétrica operando como gerador. Com base no anterior este trabalho foi desenvolvido em várias etapas: principalmente ao abranger os conceitos sobre frenagem regenerativa; estudar o motor BLDC desde seu modelo, acionamento e identificação das características mais relevantes com respeito a outros motores elétricos. Seguido do projeto da parte mecânica do sistema, que compreende a transmissão e a inércia, para ser envolvidos no modelo simulado. Assim como o desenvolvimento dos algoritmos para o acionamento do motor, onde serão monitoradas a velocidade e a posição do rotor, com o fim de controlar sua aceleração e desaceleração. Posteriormente um algoritmo para frenagem regenerativa, onde é monitorado o estado do motor e executam-se as decisões lógicas tanto para redirecionamento de energia, quanto para controle da frenagem. O resultado obtido foi que o algoritmo para FR regenera parte da energia cinética envolvida durante a desaceleração, além de que gerencia o funcionamento de todo o processo e subprocessos durante a aceleração, velocidade constante e desaceleração passo a passo e minimiza o consumo de energia em cada desaceleração.
Abstract: Environmental protection and optimal energy resources are great activity research areas. As a result of these researches, electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid (HEV) developments have been accelerated. They have challenging problems such as low autonomy, power conversion, vehicle control, energy management and distribution within it, as well as the esthetic and mechanical design and also the economic issues. This set of problems inspired this master's project which is aimed to study and elaborate an algorithm for regenerative braking (RB) in a synchronous permanent magnet brushless machine (BLDC). Motivated in the RB strategy characteristics that provides to the EV, such as, autonomy increased, mechanical and electronic performance improvement just when the RB is activated and part of the kinetic energy is recovered through the electric maquine as a generator. This work was developed in several stages: mainly cover the regenerative braking concepts; study the BLDC motor from its model, driver and outstanding features identification respect others electric motors. Followed by the mechanical design of the system, which includes the transmission and inertia, to be included in the simulated model. Just as the development of the algorithms for the motor drive, where will be monitored speed and rotor position, in order to control its acceleration and deceleration. Subsequently a management regenerative braking algorithm, which monitors the engine state, and excecute the logical decisions for redirecting the energy, and for braking control. As a result it was found that when the electrical machine operates as a generator part of the kinetic energy is recovered during deceleration. And also it was able to prove that the algorithm manages the whole process operation since the acceleration, constant velocity and deceleration step by step, while minimizing energy consumption in every downturn.
Mestrado
Mecanica dos Sólidos e Projeto Mecanico
Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica
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Ferques, Rafael Gil. "Sistema computacional para dimensionamento de sistemas de geração de energia eólica utilizando redes neurais artificiais." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, 2017. http://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/2970.
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The objective of this work was the development of a computational application for the design of wind power generation systems in small-scale On-Grid and Off-Grid installations, using a user friendly and interactive process. For this, the concepts of artificial intelligence were used in conjunction with genetic algorithms, to verify the technical and economic viability of the implantation of the wind power generation system. Also, implement an integrated database, containing technical specifications and component costs of a wind system. The encoding of the application was done through the languages Java, C, C++ and the database in MySQL language. For the development of the neural networks and genetic algorithms, it was used to the Encog library. With wind data, demand, energy consumption and type of configuration desired, the application performs the sizing of the wind system and then, using artificial intelligence, verifies the best scenario for the project. Following is a report with the physical and financial information. The calculations used for the design were according to Pinho et al. (2008), CRESESB (2014) and Albano (2009). The application has proven effective in scaling and economical analysis of small wind systems, allowing fast and simple simulation of On-Grid systems and Off-Grid systems.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi o desenvolvimento de uma aplicação computacional para dimensionamento de sistemas de geração de energia eólica em instalações On-Grid e Off-Grid de pequeno porte, utilizando-se um processo amigável e interativo ao usuário. Para isso foram utilizados os conceitos de inteligência artificial em conjunto com algoritmos genéticos, para verificação da viabilidade técnica e econômica da implantação do sistema de geração eólica. Ainda, implementar um banco de dados integrado, contendo especificações técnicas e custos de componentes de um sistema eólico. A codificação da aplicação foi feita por meio das linguagens Java, C, C++ e o banco de dados em linguagem MySQL. Para o desenvolvimento das redes neurais e algoritmos genéticos, foi utilizado a biblioteca Encog. Com os dados de vento, demanda, consumo energético e tipo de configuração desejada, o aplicativo realiza o dimensionamento do sistema eólico e em seguida, com o uso da inteligência artificial, verifica o melhor cenário para o projeto. Na sequência é apresentado um relatório com as informações físicas e financeiras. Os cálculos utilizados para o dimensionamento foram conforme Pinho et al. (2008), CRESESB (2014) e em Albano (2009). O aplicativo mostrou-se eficaz no dimensionamento e análise econômica de sistemas eólicos de pequeno porte, permitindo de forma rápida e simples a simulação de sistemas On-Grid e sistemas Off-Grid.
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Gomolka, Johannes. "Algorithmic Trading : Analyse von computergesteuerten Prozessen im Wertpapierhandel unter Verwendung der Multifaktorenregression." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2011. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2011/5100/.
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Die Elektronisierung der Finanzmärkte ist in den letzten Jahren weit vorangeschritten. Praktisch jede Börse verfügt über ein elektronisches Handelssystem. In diesem Kontext beschreibt der Begriff Algorithmic Trading ein Phänomen, bei dem Computerprogramme den Menschen im Wertpapierhandel ersetzen. Sie helfen dabei Investmententscheidungen zu treffen oder Transaktionen durchzuführen. Algorithmic Trading selbst ist dabei nur eine unter vielen Innovationen, welche die Entwicklung des Börsenhandels geprägt haben. Hier sind z.B. die Erfindung der Telegraphie, des Telefons, des FAX oder der elektronische Wertpapierabwicklung zu nennen. Die Frage ist heute nicht mehr, ob Computerprogramme im Börsenhandel eingesetzt werden. Sondern die Frage ist, wo die Grenze zwischen vollautomatischem Börsenhandel (durch Computer) und manuellem Börsenhandel (von Menschen) verläuft.
Bei der Erforschung von Algorithmic Trading wird die Wissenschaft mit dem Problem konfrontiert, dass keinerlei Informationen über diese Computerprogramme zugänglich sind. Die Idee dieser Dissertation bestand darin, dieses Problem zu umgehen und Informationen über Algorithmic Trading indirekt aus der Analyse von (Fonds-)Renditen zu extrahieren. Johannes Gomolka untersucht daher die Forschungsfrage, ob sich Aussagen über computergesteuerten Wertpapierhandel (kurz: Algorithmic Trading) aus der Analyse von (Fonds-)Renditen ziehen lassen. Zur Beantwortung dieser Forschungsfrage formuliert der Autor eine neue Definition von Algorithmic Trading und unterscheidet mit Buy-Side und Sell-Side Algorithmic Trading zwei grundlegende Funktionen der Computerprogramme (die Entscheidungs- und die Transaktionsunterstützung). Für seine empirische Untersuchung greift Gomolka auf das Multifaktorenmodell zur Style-Analyse von Fung und Hsieh (1997) zurück. Mit Hilfe dieses Modells ist es möglich, die Zeitreihen von Fondsrenditen in interpretierbare Grundbestandteile zu zerlegen und den einzelnen Regressionsfaktoren eine inhaltliche Bedeutung zuzuordnen. Die Ergebnisse dieser Dissertation zeigen, dass man mit Hilfe der Style-Analyse Aussagen über Algorithmic Trading aus der Analyse von (Fonds-)Renditen machen kann. Die Aussagen sind jedoch keiner technischen Natur, sondern auf die Analyse von Handelsstrategien (Investment-Styles) begrenzt.During the last decade the electronic trading on the stock exchanges advanced rapidly. Today almost every exchange is running an electronic trading system. In this context the term algorithmic trading describes a phenomenon, where computer programs are replacing the human trader, when making investment decisions or facilitating transactions. Algorithmic trading itself stands in a row of many other innovations that helped to develop the financial markets technologically (see for example telegraphy, the telephone, FAX or electronic settlement). Today the question is not, whether computer programs are used or not. The question arising is rather, where the border between automatic, computer driven and human trading can be drawn. Conducting research on algorithmic trading confronts scientists always with the problem of limited availability of information. The idea of this dissertation is to circumnavigate this problem and to extract information indirectly from an analysis of a time series of (fund)-returns data. The research question here is: Is it possible to draw conclusions about algorithmic trading from an analysis of (funds-)return data? To answer this question, the author develops a complete definition of algorithmic trading. He differentiates between Buy-Side and Sell-Side algorithmic trading, depending on the functions of the computer programs (supporting investment-decisions or transaction management). Further, the author applies the multifactor model of the style analysis, formely introduced by Fung and Hsieh (1997). The multifactor model allows to separate fund returns into regression factors that can be attributed to different reasons. The results of this dissertation do show that it is possible to draw conclusions about algorithmic trading out of the analysis of funds returns. Yet these conclusions cannot be of technical nature. They rather have to be attributed to investment strategies (investment styles).
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Carvalho, David Júlio Afonso de. "Modelando o passado. Uma metedologia para a reconstituição tridimensional de um lugar a partir de documentação gráfica e imagens de arquivo." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Arquitetura de Lisboa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/5799.
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Annunziato, Rafael Christiano. "Projeto e implementação de método para conexão paralela de UPSs com compartilhamento de potência." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2012. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/312.
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Este trabalho apresenta o projeto e a implementação prática de um método completo para ser utilizado na conexão de UPSs monofásicos em paralelo. Existe um algoritmo que executa o droop de fase/frequência, e um novo método que trabalha com e sem comunicação de dados entre os inversores. Quando a comunicação está ativa, um novo algoritmo é utilizado, inserindo um resistência virtual variável, junto com o compartilhamento de potência ativa, obtendo um baixo valor de THD (Total Harmonic Distortion) na tensão de saída e bom compartilhamento de potência. Quando a comunicação de dados não funciona, uma resistência virtual constante é inserida, aumentando a THD de saída com carga não-linear, mas ainda proporcionando um bom compartilhamento de potência ativa. A vantagem é poder obter um bom desempenho quando a comunicação de dados está operando, mas, no caso de sua falha, o sistema ainda funciona, proporcionando maior confiabilidade. A implementação possui um algoritmo de emulação de carga eletrônica, com o propósito de executar testes de produção, baseado no mesmo algoritmo de paralelismo, apenas mudando algumas variáveis.This work presents the design and experimental implementation of a complete paralleling method to be used for parallel single-phase UPSs connection. There is a algorithm that performs a phase/frequency droop, and a new method to work with or without data communication among the inverters. When communication is working, a new algorithm is used, inserting a variable virtual resistance in the output, along with active power sharing, obtaining a low output voltage THD (Total Harmonic Distortion) value and good power sharing. Without communication a constant virtual resistance is inserted, increasing the output THD with non-linear load, but still allowing a good active power sharing. The advantage is to obtain a good performance operation with communication, but, in case of communication failure, the system still works providing more reliability. The implementation have a electronic load emulation algorithm, with purpose to execute factory tests, based in the same parallelism algorithm, just changing some variables.
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Noury, Nicolas. "Mise en correspondance A contrario de points d'intérêt sous contraintes géométrique et photométrique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Nancy 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN10069.
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L'analyse de la structure et du mouvement permet d'estimer la forme d'objets 3D et la position de la caméra à partir de photos ou de vidéos. Le plus souvent, elle est réalisée au moyen des étapes suivantes : 1) L'extraction de points d'intérêt, 2) La mise en correspondance des points d'intérêt entre les images à l'aide de descripteurs photométriques des voisinages de point, 3) Le filtrage des appariements produits à l'étape précédente afin de ne conserver que ceux compatibles avec une contrainte géométrique fixée, dont on peut alors calculer les paramètres. Cependant, la ressemblance photométrique seule utilisée en deuxième étape ne suffit pas quand plusieurs points ont la même apparence. Ensuite, la dernière étape est effectuée par un algorithme de filtrage robuste, Ransac, qui nécessite de fixer des seuils, ce qui se révèle être une opération délicate. Le point de départ de ce travail est l'approche A Contrario Ransac de Moisan et Stival, qui permet de s'abstraire des seuils. Ensuite, notre première contribution a consisté en l'élaboration d'un modèle a contrario qui réalise la mise en correspondance à l'aide de critères photométrique et géométrique, ainsi que le filtrage robuste en une seule étape. Cette méthode permet de mettre en correspondance des scènes contenant des motifs répétés, ce qui n'est pas possible par l'approche habituelle. Notre seconde contribution étend ce résultat aux forts changements de point de vue, en améliorant la méthode ASift de Morel et Yu. Elle permet d'obtenir des correspondances plus nombreuses et plus densément réparties, dans des scènes difficiles contenant des motifs répétés observés sous des angles très différentsThe analysis of structure from motion allows one to estimate the shape of 3D objects and the position of the camera from pictures or videos. It usually follows these three steps: 1) Extracting points of interest, 2) Matching points of interest using photometric descriptors computed on point neighborhoods, 3) Filtering previous matches so as to retain only those compatible with a geometric constraint, whose parameters can then be computed. However, for the second step, the photometric criterion is not enough on its own when several points are alike. As for the third step, it uses the Ransac robust filtering scheme, which requires setting thresholds, and that can be a difficult task. This work is based on Moisan and Stival's A Contrario Ransac approach, which allows one to set thresholds automatically. After assessing that method, the first contribution was the elaboration an a contrario model, which simultaneously achieves robust filtering and matching through both geometric and photometric criteria. That method allows one to match scenes with repeated patterns, which is impossible with the usual approach. The second contribution extended that result to strong viewpoint changes, improving the ASift method. The matches obtained are both more numerous and more densely distributed, in scenes containing many repeated patterns seen from very different angles
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Noury, Nicolas. "Mise en correspondance A Contrario de points d'intérêt sous contraintes géométrique et photométrique." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00640168.
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L'analyse de la structure et du mouvement permet d'estimer la forme d'objets 3D et la position de la caméra à partir de photos ou de vidéos. Le plus souvent, elle est réalisée au moyen des étapes suivantes : 1) L'extraction de points d'intérêt, 2) La mise en correspondance des points d'intérêt entre les images à l'aide de descripteurs photométriques des voisinages de point, 3) Le filtrage des appariements produits à l'étape précédente afin de ne conserver que ceux compatibles avec une contrainte géométrique fixée, dont on peut alors calculer les paramètres. Cependant, la ressemblance photométrique seule utilisée en deuxième étape ne suffit pas quand plusieurs points ont la même apparence. Ensuite, la dernière étape est effectuée par un algorithme de filtrage robuste, Ransac, qui nécessite de fixer des seuils, ce qui se révèle être une opération délicate. Le point de départ de ce travail est l'approche A Contrario Ransac de Moisan et Stival, qui permet de s'abstraire des seuils. Ensuite, notre première contribution a consisté en l'élaboration d'un modèle a contrario qui réalise la mise en correspondance à l'aide de critères photométrique et géométrique, ainsi que le filtrage robuste en une seule étape. Cette méthode permet de mettre en correspondance des scènes contenant des motifs répétés, ce qui n'est pas possible par l'approche habituelle. Notre seconde contribution étend ce résultat aux forts changements de point de vue, en améliorant la méthode ASift de Morel et Yu. Elle permet d'obtenir des correspondances plus nombreuses et plus densément réparties, dans des scènes difficiles contenant des motifs répétés observés sous des angles très différents.
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Delarue, Jocelyne. "Mise au point d'une méthode d'évaluation systémique d'impact des projets de développement agricole sur le revenu des producteurs : Etude de cas en région kpèlè (République de Guinée)." Phd thesis, INAPG (AgroParisTech), 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00772023.
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L'évaluation d'impact des projets de développement est aujourd'hui dominée par les méthodes quantitatives : expérimentales ou quasi-expérimentales. Elles sont toutefois difficilement applicables aux projets de développement agricoles, et elles ne permettent pas de quantifier l'impact sur toute la durée de vie des réalisations. Cette thèse propose une nouvelle méthode, l'évaluation systémique d'impact. Elle permet à la fois de comprendre les processus par lesquels l'impact se matérialise et de quantifier rigoureusement l'impact des projets de développement agricole sur le revenu des producteurs. L'analyse repose notamment sur la compréhension des dynamiques agraires et des stratégies des agriculteurs, et permet de quantifier l'impact ex-post mais également d'en modéliser ex-ante l'évolution pour les années suivantes.L'évaluation systémique d'impact est appliquée à deux grands types de projets en Guinée forestière : les projets d'aménagements de bas-fonds et un projet agro-industriel de plantations de palmiers à huile et d'hévéas. Ces deux études de cas démontrent notamment l'importance de ne pas se contenter de rechercher un impact moyen sur les ménages : l'existence d'impacts fortement différenciés par système de production est l'une des principales conclusions de cette thèse.
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Delarue, Jocelyne. "Mise au point d'une méthode d'évaluation systémique d'impact des projets de développement agricole sur le revenu des producteurs : Etude de cas en région kpèlè (République de Guinée)." Phd thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AGPT0016.
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L’évaluation d’impact des projets de développement est aujourd’hui dominée par les méthodes quantitatives : expérimentales ou quasi-expérimentales. Elles sont toutefois difficilement applicables aux projets de développement agricoles, et elles ne permettent pas de quantifier l’impact sur toute la durée de vie des réalisations. Cette thèse propose une nouvelle méthode, l’évaluation systémique d’impact. Elle permet à la fois de comprendre les processus par lesquels l’impact se matérialise et de quantifier rigoureusement l’impact des projets de développement agricole sur le revenu des producteurs. L’analyse repose notamment sur la compréhension des dynamiques agraires et des stratégies des agriculteurs, et permet de quantifier l’impact ex-post mais également d’en modéliser ex-ante l’évolution pour les années suivantes. L’évaluation systémique d’impact est appliquée à deux grands types de projets en Guinée forestière : les projets d’aménagements de bas-fonds et un projet agro-industriel de plantations de palmiers à huile et d’hévéas. Ces deux études de cas démontrent notamment l’importance de ne pas se contenter de rechercher un impact moyen sur les ménages : l’existence d’impacts fortement différenciés par système de production est l’une des principales conclusions de cette thèseToday, impact evaluation of development projects is dominated by quantitative methods, both experimental and quasi-experimental. Yet, they are difficult to apply to agricultural development projects, and do not allow for quantification of the impact over the useful life of the project realisations. This thesis proposes a new method, the systemic impact evaluation. It enables us to understand both the process through which impact materializes and to rigorously quantify the impact of agricultural development projects on the producers’ income. The analysis is notably based on the comprehension of the agrarian dynamics and the farmers’ strategies, and permits the quantification of ex-post impact but also to devise a model of ex- ante evolution for the following years. The systemic impact evaluation is applied to two major types of development projects in the forest region of Guinea: inland valley development projects and the oil-palm and rubber tree plantation project. These two case studies notably prove the importance of going beyond a mean impact on households: the existence of highly differentiated impacts by farming system is one of the main conclusions of this thesis
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Nilsson, Marita. "Proveniensprincipen : Vara eller icke vara - det är frågan i en digitaliseradinformationsförvaltning." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för informationssystem och -teknologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-34413.
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Detta forskningsarbete lyfter den problematik somdebatterats kring proveniensprincipen och den ombildningdenna princip har mött sedan digitaliserings ankomst.Studiens avsikt var att påvisa vilken innebörd principen haridag i en modern informationsförvaltning och deninformationshantering som sker där. Syftet var även attundersöka hur informationsförvaltningen arbetar proaktivtmed att garantera proveniens i all sin informationshantering,samt belysa hur proveniens förstås i förhållande till valet avmetod kring informationshanteringen.Undersökningen var kvalitativ och utfördes på tiokommunarkiv i form av att varje kommuns kommunarkivariedjupintervjuades. I undersökningen har även planer kringinformationshantering en studerats. Studien konstaterar vilkaförenklingar som digitaliseringen inneburit kring att säkerställa proveniens, där automatiserad och utvecklad metadataskapat verklig proveniens som kan påvisa informationenssamband med den process och det sammanhang där den harbefunnit sig. Uppsatsen diskuterar även de bekymmer somuppstår då digitaliserad information ordnas på helt andra sättän tidigare och vilka konsekvenser detta får för hur vi skaförhålla oss till och förstå proveniens.Resultatet visar att informationsförvaltningarna kan borga föryttre proveniens vad gäller arkivmaterialet men inte helahandlingsbeståndet. Studien fastslår vidare att inreproveniens som en spegling av organisationens verksamhetmåste förstås utifrån hela handlingsbeståndet och desslogiska ordning, snarare än utifrån arkivmaterialets synliga.Undersökningen konstaterar även betydelsen av proaktivitetkring arbetet med att tydliggöra informationens processuellakontext, samt tidig metadataapplicering ochsystemutveckling som behåller metadata genom allaprocesser. Uppsatsen understryker slutligen att detta inte görsi den utsträckning som är nödvändig.This essay describes the debate about the principle ofprovenance and its multiple forms, and the transformationsof these forms, due to the coming of electronic informations.The thesis intended to explain the definitions of the principlein a modern information management and there explore howthey operate proactively to assure provenance.The qualitative investigation was carried out at tenmunicipality final archives, where each municipalityarchivist was being interviewed. The study expounds in whatway the digitisation has simplified the methods to conductassured provenance, where automated metadata shows therelationships of the information to function and process. Theessay also debates the difficulties that appear when digitalinformation are being organized in different ways thananalogue information, and how this fact requires a newinterpretation of the principle of provenance.The researcher concludes that the investigated archives,ensure respect des fonds when it concerns the content of thearchives, but not when it comes to the whole content of theinformation management. The result of the study also showsthat the respect of original order as a reflection of theorganization, has to be understood throughout all content ofthe management and its logical order, rather than the visiblecontent that the archives embrace. Furthermore the thesisobserves the importance of proactivity, regarding theclarification of the relationships between the information andthe processes that produce and use them. This could beachieved with early application of metadata and developmentof systems that keep metadata trough all processes. Theconclusion of the essay is that this is not pursued in theextension that is required.
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Noriega, Philippe. "Modèle du corps humain pour le suivi de gestes en monoculaire." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00807950.
Full textAbstract:
L'estimation de la pose du corps humain ou son suivi grâce à la vision par ordinateur se heurte à la diffi culté d'explorer un espace de grande dimension. Les approches par apprentissage et particulièrement celles qui font appel aux régressions vers des espaces de dimension réduits comme les LLE [RS00] ou les GPLVM [Law03] permettent de résoudre cette diffi culté dans le cas de gestes cycliques [UFF06] sans parvenir à généraliser le suivi pour des poses quelconques. D'autres techniques procèdent directement par la comparaison de l'image test avec une base d'apprentissage. Dans cet esprit, le PSH [SVD03] permet d'identi fier rapidement un ensemble de poses similaires dans une grande base de données. Cependant, même en intégrant des techniques d'extrapolation qui permettent de générer d'autres poses à partir de celles apprises, les approches uniquement basées sur l'apprentissage ne parviennent généralement pas à couvrir de façon assez dense l'espace des poses [TSDD06]. D'autres voies consistent à mettre en oeuvre une méthode déterministe ou stochastique. Les méthodes déterministes [PF03] fournissent souvent une solution sous-optimale en restant piégées sur un optimum local du fait des ambiguïtés issues de la vision monoculaire. Les approches stochastiques tentent d'explorer la probabilité a posteriori mais là encore, la grande dimension de l'espace des poses, notamment dans le cas des méthodes à base de simulation par échantillonnage, exige de multiplier le nombre des tirages a n d'avoir une chance d'explorer le mode dominant. Une solution intéressante consiste à utiliser un modèle de corps à membres indépendants [SBR+04] pour restreindre l'exploration aux sous espaces dé nis par les paramètres de chacun des membres. L'infl uence d'un membre sur les autres s'exprime grâce à la propagation des croyances [KFL01] pour fournir une solution cohérente. Dans ce travail de thèse, cette dernière solution est retenue en l'associant au fi ltre à particules pour générer un espace discret où s'e ectue la propagation des croyances [BCMC06]. Ce procédé est préférable à la modélisation paramétrique des messages par un échantillonneur de Gibbs, un procédé coûteux en ressources dérivé de l'algorithme PAMPAS [Isa03]. Parallèlement à cette solution, le développement d'un suivi robuste du haut du corps, même en 2D [NB07b], exige une fusion de plusieurs indices extraits de l'image. La vraisemblance des hypothèses émises vis-à-vis de l'image est évaluée à partir d'indices tirés des gradients et de la couleur combinés avec une soustraction de fond [NB06] et une détection du mouvement. L'interprétation de la profondeur pour le passage en 3D constitue une di fficulté majeure du suivi monoculaire. La fusion d'indices évoquée précédemment devient insu sante pour contraindre la pose. Cependant, du fait des contraintes articulaires, l'espace réel des poses occupe un sous-espace très réduit dans l'espace théorique. Le codage de ces contraintes dans l'étape de propagation des croyances associé à la fusion d'indices permet alors d'aboutir à de bonnes performances, même dans les cas d'environnements non contraints (lumière, vêtements...) [NB07a]. Une meilleure gestion des occultations est mise en oeuvre en ajoutant un terme de compatibilité des hypothèses basé sur l'apprentissage. Avec le modèle utilisé [SBR+04], ce sont des membres indépendants plutôt que des poses complètes qui sont stockées dans la base d'apprentissage. Ceci permet d'obtenir une couverture satisfaisante de l'espace des poses avec un nombre raisonnable d'exemples appris. La propagation des croyances assure un assemblage cohérent des membres pour arriver au résultat et le processus de sélection des exemples dans la base peut-être accéléré grâce au PSH [SVD03].
44
CHANG, JIA-WEI, and 張佳瑋. "Copyright Protection of Computer Fonts-On Artificial Intelligence Creation Fonts." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/858pa4.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺北科技大學
智慧財產權研究所
107
With the development of science and technology and the rapid acquisition of information, computer fonts are flooding the online world. It is easy to obtain and use computer fonts. Many font designers come forward to advocate copyright infringement. The first question is whether computer fonts are protected by copyright. If it is protected by copyright, then the scope of its protection is also the controversy. In addition, artificial intelligence has created a developmental trend in recent years, and it has brought out the disputes related to artificial intelligence and copyright, that is, the workability of artificial intelligence works, and whether artificial intelligence is the subject of copyright rights. These problems are also the most critical issue of the artificial intelligence. In the above questions, this paper attempts to integrate national literature and legislative examples, and use case analysis to explore the problem-solving situation. Finally, by comparing Taiwan's legal system with national legislation, and considering the UK's legislative model of computer-generated works, it provides legislative advice on the protection of computer fonts and artificial intelligence works in Taiwan.
45
Xie, Daini. "Computer aided design of digitized fonts." Thesis, 1995. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/2783/1/MM05142.pdf.
Full text
46
"Oriental fonts auto boldness." Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1994. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5887192.
Full textAbstract:
by Lo I Fan.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1994.
Includes bibliographical references.
Chapter Chapter 1: --- Introduction
Chapter 1.1 --- The Evolution of Fonts --- p.1
Chapter 1.2 --- Bitmap Fonts --- p.2
Chapter 1.3 --- Outline Fonts
Chapter 1.3.1 --- Arc and Vector Form --- p.4
Chapter 1.3.2 --- Spline Form --- p.4
Chapter 1.3.3 --- Pros and Cons of Outline Fonts --- p.8
Chapter 1.4 --- Examples of Outline Fonts
Chapter 1.4.1 --- Adobe's PostScript --- p.9
Chapter 1.4.2 --- Apple's and Microsoft TrueType
Chapter 1.4.2.1 --- Outline Representation --- p.10
Chapter 1.4.2.2 --- Rasterisation --- p.12
Chapter 1.4.2.3 --- Hinting --- p.13
Chapter 1.5 --- Bold Fonts
Chapter 1.5.1 --- Definition of Bold --- p.15
Chapter 1.5.2 --- Definition of Auto B oldness --- p.16
Chapter 1.5.3 --- Auto Boldness by Double Printing --- p.17
Chapter 1.5.4 --- Auto Boldness by Multi-Master Technique --- p.18
Chapter 1.6 --- Chinese Fonts
Chapter 1.6.1 --- Chinese Character Sets --- p.19
Chapter 1.6.2 --- The Subtleties of Chinese Fonts Auto Boldness --- p.21
Chapter 1.7 --- Project Objective --- p.23
Chapter 1.8 --- Goals --- p.23
Chapter Chapter 2: --- Main Ideas of Chinese Font Auto Boldness
Chapter 2.1 --- Prototype of Auto Boldness Driver --- p.24
Chapter 2.2 --- Design Features of the Prototype Auto Boldness Driver --- p.25
Chapter 2.3 --- Data Structure and Algorithm of Auto Boldness
Chapter 2.3.1 --- Data Structure of TrueType Character Outline --- p.27
Chapter 2.3.2 --- Algorithm of Auto Boldness --- p.28
Chapter 2.3.3 --- Algorithm Description --- p.29
Chapter 2.4 --- Component Font Auto Boldness --- p.35
Chapter Chapter 3: --- Language of Auto Boldness
Chapter 3.1 --- Enhancements of TrueType Engine to support Auto Boldness --- p.36
Chapter 3.2 --- Symmetric Bold Instruction --- p.38
Chapter 3.3 --- Rotate Bold Instruction --- p.47
Chapter 3.4 --- Asymmetric B old Instruction --- p.50
Chapter 3.5 --- Comparison of Bold Instructions --- p.54
Chapter 3.6 --- Serif Accommodation Instruction --- p.55
Chapter Chapter 4: --- Shape Parsing and Auto Bold Code Generation
Chapter 4.1 --- Compilation Process and Auto Boldness --- p.62
Chapter 4.2 --- Shape Lexical Analyzer --- p.64
Chapter 4.3 --- Shape Token Attributes Evaluation
Chapter 4.3.1 --- line Token --- p.66
Chapter 4.3.2 --- bezier2 Token --- p.67
Chapter 4.3.3 --- sharp Token --- p.70
Chapter 4.3.4 --- concave Token --- p.75
Chapter 4.3.5 --- convex Token --- p.75
Chapter 4.4 --- Scope of Shape Parsing --- p.76
Chapter 4.5 --- Shape Parsing Mechanism --- p.77
Chapter 4.6 --- Model Grammar Rules
Chapter 4.6.1 --- Grammar Rule Format --- p.81
Chapter 4.6.2 --- Grammar Rule Item --- p.82
Chapter 4.6.3 --- Grammar Rule Assignment --- p.83
Chapter 4.6.4 --- Grammar Rule Condition --- p.83
Chapter 4.7 --- Auto Boldness Code Generation --- p.84
Chapter 4.8 --- Program Methodology of Prototype Auto Boldness Driver --- p.86
Chapter Chapter 5: --- Conclusions
Chapter 5.1 --- Work Achieved --- p.87
Chapter 5.2 --- The Pros and Cons of Auto Boldness Algorithm --- p.88
Chapter 5.3 --- Bold Quality Assessments --- p.91
Chapter 5.3 --- Future Directions --- p.93
References
Appendix One
Appendix Two
47
"Chinese window system with distributed fonts." Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1990. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5886624.
Full textAbstract:
Cheang Sio Man.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1990.
Bibliography: leaves [103-106]
Chapter 1. --- THE EMERGENCE OF WINDOW SYSTEMS --- p.1-1
Chapter 2. --- THE NEED OF A CHINESE WINDOW SYSTEM --- p.2-1
Chapter 3. --- REQUIREMENTS AND DIFFICULTIES OF DEVELOPING A CHINESE WINDOW SYSTEM --- p.3-1
Chapter 3.1. --- Input Method and Character Encoding --- p.3-1
Chapter 3.2. --- Layout Direction and Formatting Mechanism --- p.3-3
Chapter 3.3. --- Fonts --- p.3-3
Chapter 3.3.1. --- Bitmap font --- p.3-4
Chapter 3.3.2. --- Outline font --- p.3-6
Chapter 4. --- A TRIAL TO OVERCOME THE DIFFICULTIES IN SUPPORTING CHINESE FONTS - OVERVIEW OF A CHINESE FONT SERVER SYSTEM --- p.4-1
Chapter 4.1. --- Network Font Server --- p.4-3
Chapter 4.2. --- Local Font Server --- p.4-4
Chapter 4.3. --- Fonts --- p.4-5
Chapter 4.3.1. --- Bitmap font --- p.4-5
Chapter 4.3.1. --- Outline font --- p.4-5
Chapter 4.4. --- Caching --- p.4-6
Chapter 5. --- ORGANIZATION OF THE CHINESE FONT SERVER SYSTEM --- p.5-1
Chapter 5.1. --- Communication Module --- p.5-2
Chapter 5.1.1. --- Client connection request channel --- p.5-3
Chapter 5.1.2. --- Client communication channels --- p.5-3
Chapter 5.1.3. --- Network server connection channel --- p.5-4
Chapter 5.2. --- Client Service Module --- p.5-7
Chapter 5.2.1. --- Font manipulation module --- p.5-7
Chapter 5.2.1.1. --- Request to open a new font --- p.5-8
Chapter 5.2.1.2. --- Request to close an opened font --- p.5-8
Chapter 5.2.1.3. --- Request to load a font character --- p.5-9
Chapter 5.2.2. --- Cache module --- p.5-10
Chapter 6. --- FROM THE CHINESE FONT SERVER SYSTEM TO A CHINESE WINDOW SYSTEM --- p.6-4
Chapter 7. --- SCREEN FONTS --- p.7-1
Chapter 7.1. --- Hand-edit --- p.7-3
Chapter 7.2. --- Bitmap Scaling --- p.7-3
Chapter 7.3. --- Outline Scaling --- p.7-5
Chapter 7.4. --- Manual Refinement --- p.7-16
Chapter 8. --- FONT CACHING --- p.8-1
Chapter 8.1. --- Font Caching Strategies --- p.8-1
Chapter 8.1.1. --- Pre-loading --- p.8-1
Chapter 8.1.2. --- Fix-loading --- p.8-4
Chapter 8.1.3. --- Demand loading --- p.8-6
Chapter 8.1.3.1. --- Least Recently Used (LRU) replacement --- p.8-9
Chapter 8.1.3.2. --- Least Frequently Used (LFU) replacement --- p.8-9
Chapter 8.1.4. --- Hybrid loading --- p.8-16
Chapter 8.2. --- Retrieval Method --- p.8-22
Chapter 8.2.1. --- Binary searching --- p.8-22
Chapter 8.2.2. --- Tree searching --- p.8-24
Chapter 8.2.3. --- Hash searching --- p.8 26
Chapter 8.3. --- Cache Expansion and Retraction --- p.8-33
Chapter 9. --- AN EXPERIMENTAL CHINESE FONT SERVER SYSTEM - CAPABILITIES AND RESTRICTIONS --- p.9-1
Chapter 9.1. --- Experimental Servers --- p.9-1
Chapter 9.2. --- Programming Interfaces --- p.9-3
Chapter 9.2.1. --- Connection request --- p.9-3
Chapter 9.2.2. --- Open and close fonts --- p.9-4
Chapter 9.2.3. --- Request to load cache --- p.9-5
Chapter 9.2.4. --- Change the current font --- p.9-5
Chapter 9.2.5. --- Request a font character --- p.9-5
Chapter 9.3. --- Testing Applications --- p.9-6
Chapter 9.4. --- Statistics --- p.9-8
Chapter 9.4.1. --- Cache performance --- p.9-8
Chapter 9.4.1.1. --- Tests --- p.9-8
Chapter 9.4.1.2. --- Results --- p.9-10
Chapter 9.4.1.3. --- Discussion --- p.9-10
Chapter 9.4.2. --- Local Server Vs. Network Server --- p.9-12
Chapter 9.4.2.1. --- Tests --- p.9-12
Chapter 9.4.2.2. --- Results --- p.9-13
Chapter 9.4.2.3. --- Discussion --- p.9-13
Chapter 9.4.3. --- Outline Font --- p.9-14
Chapter 9.4.3.1. --- Tests --- p.9-14
Chapter 9.4.3.2. --- Results --- p.9-14
Chapter 9.4.3.3. --- Discussion --- p.9-15
Chapter 10. --- EPILOGUE --- p.10-1
Chapter 10.1. --- Conclusion --- p.10-1
Chapter 10.2. --- Future Extension --- p.10-2
48
"Chinese outline fonts support in X Window System." Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1994. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5887264.
Full textAbstract:
by Raymond Cheuk-kuen Chen.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1994.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 157-160).
Chapter 1. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.8
Chapter 1.1. --- Windowing System --- p.8
Chapter 1.2. --- Fonts --- p.10
Chapter 1.2.1. --- Bitmap Fonts --- p.11
Chapter 1.2.2. --- Outline Fonts --- p.12
Chapter 1.3. --- Different font support models --- p.15
Chapter 1.3.1. --- Supported by applications --- p.15
Chapter 1.3.2. --- Supported by windowing system --- p.17
Chapter 1.3.'3. --- Supported by a dedicated server --- p.19
Chapter 1.4. --- Issues of Chinese Font Support --- p.20
Chapter 2. --- OVERVIEW OF X WINDOW SYSTEM --- p.22
Chapter 2.1. --- Introduction --- p.22
Chapter 2.2. --- Architecture --- p.23
Chapter 2.3. --- Font Management in the X Window System --- p.23
Chapter 2.3.1. --- Before X Version 11 Release5 --- p.24
Chapter 2.3.2. --- In X Version 11 Release5 --- p.25
Chapter 2.3.3. --- Portable Compiled Format --- p.25
Chapter 2.3.4. --- Font Server --- p.26
Chapter 2.3.5. --- Font Management Library --- p.28
Chapter 2.4. --- Internal Code --- p.29
Chapter 3. --- CHINESE FONT SERVER --- p.30
Chapter 3.1. --- Motivation --- p.30
Chapter 3.2. --- Font Server Architecture --- p.31
Chapter 3.2.1. --- Device Independent Font Server layer(DIFS) --- p.32
Chapter 3.2.2. --- Operating System layer(OS) --- p.32
Chapter 3.2.3. --- Font Management Library(FML) --- p.33
Chapter 3.2.4. --- Font Path Element --- p.34
Chapter 3.2.5. --- Font File Renderer --- p.35
Chapter 3.2.6. --- Font server Renderer --- p.36
Chapter 3.3. --- Implementation of Chinese Font Server --- p.36
Chapter 3.3.1. --- Font data and code set --- p.36
Chapter 3.3.2. --- Registering a new font reader --- p.38
Chapter 3.3.3. --- Font specific functions --- p.42
Chapter 3.3.4. --- Load-All Scheme --- p.43
Chapter 3.3.5. --- Demand-Loading Scheme --- p.44
Chapter 3.3.6. --- Embedding of font rasterizer --- p.44
Chapter 3.4. --- Test Results --- p.45
Chapter 3.4.1. --- X Application Tests --- p.45
Chapter 3.4.2. --- Demand-Loading Test --- p.49
Chapter 3.5. --- Some Remarks --- p.53
Chapter 4. --- OVERVIEW OF PRINTING SYSTEM --- p.54
Chapter 4.1. --- Motivation --- p.54
Chapter 4.2. --- Design Considerations --- p.56
Chapter 4.2.1. --- Modification of the X server --- p.56
Chapter 4.2.2. --- Embed the printing system into the font server --- p.57
Chapter 4.2.3. --- Distributed Architecture --- p.58
Chapter 4.3. --- System Architecture --- p.60
Chapter 4.4. --- Printer Server --- p.61
Chapter 4.5. --- Font Server --- p.63
Chapter 4.6. --- Printing Services Protocols --- p.63
Chapter 4.7. --- X Window System Server --- p.65
Chapter 4.8. --- Printer Server Library --- p.65
Chapter 4.9. --- Client Applications --- p.65
Chapter 5. --- DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A PRINTER SERVER --- p.67
Chapter 5.1. --- Objects identification --- p.67
Chapter 5.1.1. --- Dispatcher (dispatcher) --- p.68
Chapter 5.1.2. --- Communication Channel (ComChannel) --- p.68
Chapter 5.1.3. --- Font Cache Manager (FnCache) --- p.69
Chapter 5.1.4. --- PrnFont (PrnFont) --- p.69
Chapter 5.1.5. --- Per-Font Cache (CacheStruct) 一- --- p.70
Chapter 5.1.6. --- Font Server (FnServer) --- p.71
Chapter 5.1.7. --- Client Manager (LRUList) --- p.71
Chapter 5.1.8. --- Client Record (ClientRec) --- p.71
Chapter 5.1.9. --- Printer Driver (PrnDriver) --- p.71
Chapter 5.1.10. --- Down Loaded Font Table (DownLoadedFont) --- p.72
Chapter 5.1.11. --- Request Header (reqHeader) --- p.72
Chapter 5.1.12. --- Generic Reply(replyGeneric) --- p.74
Chapter 5.2. --- Objects Organization --- p.74
Chapter 5.2.1. --- Server Control Subsystem --- p.75
Chapter 5.2.2. --- Client Management Subsystem --- p.78
Chapter 5.2.3. --- Request Handling Subsystem --- p.84
Chapter 5.2.4. --- Font Managing Subsystem --- p.86
Chapter 6. --- SAMPLE PRINTER DRIVER --- p.94
Chapter 6.1. --- Printer Control Languages --- p.94
Chapter 6.1.1. --- Structure of PCL Command --- p.95
Chapter 6.1.2. --- PCL Command Example --- p.97
Chapter 6.2. --- Printer Font Resources --- p.98
Chapter 6.3. --- Traditional Font Handling Methods in a Printer Driver --- p.99
Chapter 6.4. --- Soft Font Creation in PCL Printer --- p.101
Chapter 6.4.1. --- Font ID number --- p.102
Chapter 6.4.2. --- Font Descriptor --- p.102
Chapter 6.4.3. --- Character Code - --- p.104
Chapter 6.4.4. --- Character Descriptor --- p.105
Chapter 6.4.5. --- Character Bitmap Data --- p.107
Chapter 6.5. --- New font downloading schemes for double-byte fonts --- p.107
Chapter 6.5.1. --- Terminology --- p.108
Chapter 6.5.2. --- Underlying Concepts of Algorithm One --- p.109
Chapter 6.5.3. --- Algorithm One --- p.111
Chapter 6.5.3.1. --- Code Mapping --- p.112
Chapter 6.5.3.2. --- Example --- p.114
Chapter 6.5.3.3. --- Memory Consideration --- p.115
Chapter 6.5.4. --- Algorithm Two --- p.117
Chapter 7. --- EXPERIMENT RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS --- p.121
Chapter 7.1. --- Cache Test --- p.121
Chapter 7.2. --- Printer Driver Test --- p.125
Chapter 7.2.1. --- Testing with 10 points font --- p.126
Chapter 7.2.2. --- Testing with 12 points font --- p.129
Chapter 7.2.3. --- Testing with 15 points font --- p.131
Chapter 7.2.4. --- Testing with 18 points font --- p.134
Chapter 7.3. --- Time Measurement --- p.136
Chapter 7.4. --- Discussion --- p.139
Chapter 7.5. --- Further Improvement --- p.143
Chapter 8. --- CONCLUSIONS --- p.145
APPENDIX A. PRINTER DRIVER CLASS --- p.147
APPENDIX B. SAMPLE OUTPUT --- p.149
REFERENCES --- p.157
49
Artero, James Claude. "Non-Roman font generation via interactive computer graphics." Thesis, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/22001.
Full text
50
Mohsen, Shahab. "The Problem of Stretching in Persian Calligraphy and a New Type 3 PostScript Nastaliq Font." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/4974.
Full textAbstract:
This research is about a typeface for implementing Persian calligraphy called Nastaliq. The main purpose for developing this font was to handle stretching of letters in order to achieve line justification through a dynamic font. Therefore, a PostScript Type 3 font was developed. However, as the research progressed, it came clear that Nastaliq’s stretching cannot be implemented in a dynamic font. Therefore, the research’s purpose changes to implementing a font containing all the needed glyphs of all needed stretchings of all stretchable letters to allow achieving line justification. For this propose a mathematical formulation to model handwritten Nastaliq was necessary. The result was a PostScript font containing more than 1200 glyphs. To make it possible to use this font in the future, a regular expression grammar was developed to identify and name each glyph as a positioned letter in a particular context. This thesis describes all the steps taken to build the font.