Relevant bibliographies by topics / Computer networks Packet switching (Data transmission) TCP

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters

Academic literature on the topic 'Computer networks Packet switching (Data transmission) TCP'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 3 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Computer networks Packet switching (Data transmission) TCP"

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Sun, Yu, Xing, and Qin. "Parallel Transmission of Distributed Sensor Based on SCTP and TCP for Heterogeneous Wireless Networks in IoT." Sensors 19, no. 9 (April 29, 2019): 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19092005.

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Sensors in the Internet of Things (IoT) generate large amounts of data, which requires high-speed data transmission. In order to achieve the parallel transmissions of the wireless sensor network on the transmission layer, the performance of stream control transmission protocol (SCTP) and transmission control protocol (TCP) in the wireless sensor network under different packet error rates was simulated and compared. A dynamic multipath handover method for SCTP (MS-SCTP) was proposed to improve the transmission performance, which selects the transmission path according to the packet error rate and the retransmission ratio in the sender’s buffer. The TCP and SCTP protocol switching method (TCP-SCTP) was proposed to detect the current network traffic and adjust the MS-SCTP or TCP method. Analysis and simulation results show that MS-SCTP and TCP-SCTP could improve network throughput and reduce packet loss rate. MS-SCTP and TCP-SCTP can be combined with other technologies and channel allocation algorithms to improve network traffic.
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Park, Byungjoo, Ankyu Hwang, and Haniph Latchman. "Design of Optimized Multimedia Data Streaming Management Using OMDSM over Mobile Networks." Mobile Information Systems 2017 (2017): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2867127.

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Mobility management is an essential challenge for supporting reliable multimedia data streaming over wireless and mobile networks in the Internet of Things (IoT) for location-based mobile marketing applications. The communications among mobile nodes for IoT need to have a seamless handover for delivering high quality multimedia services. The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) mobility management schemes are the proposals for handling the routing of IPv6 packets to mobile nodes that have moved away from their home network. However, the standard mobility management scheme cannot prevent packet losses due to longer handover latency. In this article, a new enhanced data streaming route optimization scheme is introduced that uses an optimized Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) realignment algorithm in order to prevent the packet disordering problem whenever the nodes in the IoT environment are communicating with each other. With the proposed scheme, data packets sequence realignment can be prevented, the packet traffic speed can be controlled, and the TCP performance can be improved. The experimental results show that managing the packet order in proposed new scheme remarkably increases the overall TCP performance over mobile networks within the IoT environment thus ensuring the high quality of service (QoS) for multimedia data streaming in location-based mobile marketing applications.
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Zong, Liang, Yong Bai, Chenglin Zhao, Gaofeng Luo, Zeyu Zhang, and Huawei Ma. "On Enhancing TCP to Deal with High Latency and Transmission Errors in Geostationary Satellite Network for 5G-IoT." Security and Communication Networks 2020 (December 8, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6693094.

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The geostationary (GEO) satellite networks have two important influencing factors: high latency and transmission errors. Similarly, they will happen in the large-scale multihop network of the Internet of things (IoT), which will affect the application of 5G- (5th-generation mobile networks-) IoT. In this paper, we propose an enhanced TCP mechanism that increases the amount of data transferred in the slow start phase of TCP Hybla to mitigate the effect of long RTT and incorporates a refined mechanism of TCP Veno, which can distinguish packet loss between random and congestion. This scheme is evaluated and compared with NewReno, Hybla, and Veno by simulation, and the performance improvement of the proposed TCP scheme for GEO satellite network in the presence of random packet losses is demonstrated. At the same time, the enhanced TCP scheme can improve the transmission performance in the future 5G-IoT heterogeneous network with high delay and transmission .
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Memon, Sheeba, Jiawei Huang, and Hussain Saajid. "Gentle Slow Start to Alleviate TCP Incast in Data Center Networks." Symmetry 11, no. 2 (January 27, 2019): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym11020138.

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Modern data center networks typically adopt symmetric topologies, such as leaf-spine and fat-tree. When a large number of transmission control protocol (TCP) flows in data center networks send data to the same receiver, the congestion collapse, called TCP Incast, frequently happens because of the huge packet losses and Time-Out. To address the TCP Incast issue, we firstly demonstrate that adjusting the increasing speed of the congestion window during the slow start phase is crucially important. Then we propose the Gentle Slow Start (GSS) algorithm, which adjusts the congestion window according to real-time congestion state in a gentle manner and smoothly switches from slow start to congestion avoidance phase. Furthermore, we present the implementation and design of Gentle Slow Start and also integrate it into the state-of-the-art data center transport protocols. The test results show that GSS effectively decreases the Incast probability and increases the network goodput by average 8x.
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Fiorani, Matteo, Slavisa Aleksic, and Maurizio Casoni. "Hybrid Optical Switching for Data Center Networks." Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/139213.

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Current data centers networks rely on electronic switching and point-to-point interconnects. When considering future data center requirements, these solutions will raise issues in terms of flexibility, scalability, performance, and energy consumption. For this reason several optical switched interconnects, which make use of optical switches and wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), have been recently proposed. However, the solutions proposed so far suffer from low flexibility and are not able to provide service differentiation. In this paper we introduce a novel data center network based on hybrid optical switching (HOS). HOS combines optical circuit, burst, and packet switching on the same network. In this way different data center applications can be mapped to the optical transport mechanism that best suits their traffic characteristics. Furthermore, the proposed HOS network achieves high transmission efficiency and reduced energy consumption by using two parallel optical switches. We consider the architectures of both a traditional data center network and the proposed HOS network and present a combined analytical and simulation approach for their performance and energy consumption evaluation. We demonstrate that the proposed HOS data center network achieves high performance and flexibility while considerably reducing the energy consumption of current solutions.
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Lee, Sungwon, Yeongjoon Bae, Muhammad Toaha Raza Khan, Junho Seo, and Dongkyun Kim. "Avoiding Spurious Retransmission over Flooding-Based Routing Protocol for Underwater Sensor Networks." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2020 (August 25, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8839541.

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In underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSN), acoustic communication naturally introduces challenges such as long propagation delay and high packet loss. The flooding-based routing protocol can address these challenges with its multipath characteristics. As in flooding-based routing, due to multipath propagation mechanism, not only DATA but also ACK messages are transmitted through multiple routes however still some packet loss will degrade the performance. So, to provide high reliability of message delivery, an efficient retransmission mechanism is inevitable. Though, if the network uses conventional transport layer protocol such as TCP, it will suffer a spurious retransmission problem as TCP was originally not designed for the multipath environment. In this paper, we propose route discrimination for flooding-based routing to reduce spurious retransmission in UWSN to solve the limitation. The notion of ACK copies waiting time (ACWT) is utilized which is selectively updated based on the similarity of paths of transmission of ACK message copies. We also improved our previous solution that lacks flexibility to cope with dynamic link error characteristics. Through evaluation, we verified that our new scheme achieves the performance improvements of 14%~84% in terms of retransmission ratio compared to the previous research.
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Cao, Yuanlong, Ruiwen Ji, Lejun Ji, Mengshuang Bao, Lei Tao, and Wei Yang. "Can Multipath TCP Be Robust to Cyber Attacks? A Measuring Study of MPTCP with Active Queue Management Algorithms." Security and Communication Networks 2021 (May 27, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9963829.

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With the development of social networks, more and more mobile social network devices have multiple interfaces. Multipath TCP (MPTCP), as an emerging transmission protocol, can fit multiple link bandwidths to improve data transmission performance and improve user experience quality. At the same time, due to the large-scale deployment and application of emerging technologies such as the Internet of Things and cloud computing, cyber attacks against MPTCP have gradually increased. More and more network security research studies point out that low-rate distributed denial of service (LDDoS) attacks are relatively popular and difficult to detect and are recognized as one of the most severe threats to network services. This article introduces six classic queue management algorithms: DropTail, RED, FRED, REM, BLUE, and FQ. In a multihomed network environment, we perform the performance evaluation of MPTCP under LDDoS attacks in terms of throughput, delay, and packet loss rate when using the six algorithms, respectively, by simulations. The results show that in an MPTCP-enabled multihomed network, different queue management algorithms have different throughput, delay, and packet loss rate performance when subjected to LDDoS attacks. Considering these three performance indicators comprehensively, the FRED algorithm has better performance. By adopting an effective active queue management (AQM) algorithm, the MPTCP transmission system can enhance its robustness capability, thus improving transmission performance. We suggest that when designing and improving the queue management algorithm, the antiattack performance of the algorithm should be considered: (1) it can adjust the traffic speed by optimizing the congestion control mechanism; (2) the fairness of different types of data streams sharing bandwidth is taken into consideration; and (3) it has the ability to adjust the parameters of the queue management algorithm in a timely and accurate manner.
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Shijer, Sameera Sadey, and Ahmad H. Sabry. "Analysis of performance parameters for wireless network using switching multiple access control method." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 4, no. 9(112) (August 31, 2021): 6–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.238457.

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The developments of wireless networks have directed to search for opportunities of a broad diversity of improved and new networking contributions. Wireless Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) is a non-synchronous or random mode of transferring information. The advantages of circuit switching include dedicated connections and guaranteed traffic parameters and the benefits of packet switching are the efficiency at the physical layer and a more cost-effective design. ATM is the only protocol that offers the best of both communication methods. Although the Variable Bit-Rate (VBR) transmission presents a promising prospective of stable data quality, it is usually accompanied by network traffic overload and cell packet loss, which extensively weakens that potential. This work overcomes these concerns by developing a switching-based multiple access control model to improve the data transmission performance of wireless ATM. Therefore, this work discusses the effectiveness of the developed approach to minimize the cell packet losses and network traffic overload in wireless ATM. Three control access is processed; polling, token passing, and reservation algorithms for collision avoidance. The reservation stage reserves the data before sending, which includes two timeline intervals; a fixed-time reservation period, and variable data transmission interval. Using OPNET 10.5, the results show that the presented switching-based multiple access control model can achieve a throughput value of 98.3 %, data transmission delay of about 40.2 ms, and 0.024 % of packet losses during data transmission between the source and destination. It is demonstrated that the introduced method effectively transmits information without creating any network complexity and delay
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Lu, Zheng, and David K. Hunter. "Dual-Layer Congestion Control for Transmission Control Protocol Carried by Optical Packet Switching With User Data Protocol Background Traffic." Journal of Optical Communications and Networking 1, no. 2 (June 12, 2009): A1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/jocn.1.0000a1.

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Irawan, Addie, Mohammad Fadhil Abas, and Nurulfadzilah Hasan. "Robot Local Network Using TQS Protocol for Land-to-Underwater Communications." Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology 1 (March 29, 2019): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.26636/jtit.2019.125818.

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This paper presents a model and an analysis of the Tag QoS switching (TQS) protocol proposed for heterogeneous robots operating in different environments. Collaborative control is topic that is widely discussed in multirobot task allocation (MRTA) – an area which includes establishing network communication between each of the connected robots. Therefore, this research focuses on classifying, prioritizing and analyzing performance of the robot local network (RLN) model which comprises a point-to-point topology network between robot peers (nodes) in the air, on land, and under water. The proposed TQS protocol was inspired by multiprotocol label switching (MPLS), achieving a quality of service (QoS) where swapping and labeling operations involving the data packet header were applied. The OMNET++ discrete event simulator was used to analyze the percentage of losses, average access delay, and throughput of the transmitted data in different classes of service (CoS), in a line of transmission between underwater and land environments. The results show that inferior data transmission performance has the lowest priority with low bitrates and extremely high data packet loss rates when the network traffic was busy. On the other hand, simulation results for the highest CoS data forwarding show that its performance was not affected by different data transmission rates characterizing different mediums and environments.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Computer networks Packet switching (Data transmission) TCP"

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Chan, Ming Kit. "Active queue management schemes using a capture-recapture model /." View Abstract or Full-Text, 2002. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?COMP%202002%20CHAN.

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Thesis (M. Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2002.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 58-61). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.
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Low, Douglas Wai Kok. "Network processor memory hierarchy designs for IP packet classification /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6973.

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Miller, Alan Henry David. "Best effort measurement based congestion control." Thesis, Connect to e-thesis, 2001. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1015/.

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Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Glasgow, 2001.
Includes bibliographical references (p.i-xv). Print version also available. Mode of access : World Wide Web. System requirments : Adobe Acrobat reader reuired to view PDF document.
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Talau, Marcos. "NGWA: esquema de controle de congestionamento para TCP baseado na banda disponível." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2012. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/304.

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O controle de congestionamento padrão do TCP apresenta vários problemas; ele não consegue distinguir se o pacote foi perdido por falha no enlace ou por descarte de pacotes devido a um congestionamento de rede (se a falha foi no enlace não há necessidade de ativar os mecanismos de controle de congestionamento); e o correto ajuste de sua taxa de transmissão requer informação de perdas de pacotes. Neste trabalho é apresentado o new generalized window advertising (NGWA), que é um novo esquema de controle de congestionamento para o TCP. O NGWA traz informações da banda disponível da infraestrutura de rede para os pontos finais da conexão TCP. Seu desempenho foi comparado com TCP New Reno, RED e o TCP padrão via simulações com o software NS-3, considerando topologias de rede largamente citadas na literatura. O NGWA foi, também, implementado e testado no Linux (versão 2.6.34). O novo método demonstrou ser superior aos comparados, apresentando uma operação mais estável, melhor justiça e menor taxa de perda de pacotes, considerando o elenco de testes realizados.
The TCP congestion control mechanism in standard implementations presents several problems; he cannot distinguish if the packet was lost by link failure or by congestion in the net (if the fault was in the link there is no need to active congestion control mechanisms); and the right adjust of your transmission rate requires information from packet loss. This work presents the new generalized window advertising (NGWA), which is a new congestion control scheme for TCP. The NGWA provides information considering the available bandwidth of the network infrastructure to the endpoints of the TCP connection. Results obtained by the NGWA approach were compared with those from TCP New Reno, RED, and standard TCP (using the network simulator NS-3), considering network topologies widely cited in the literature. A NGWA Linux implementation is also presented. The new method proved to be superior when compared with the traditional approaches, presenting a more stable operation, better fairness and lower packet loss, considering the set of tests carried out.
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Sazima, Ricardo. "PLEX MPLS : analise, projeto e implementação de uma plataforma para experimentos com MPLS com suporte a QoS." [s.n.], 2004. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/259128.

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Orientador: Mauricio Ferreira Magalhães
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T17:32:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sazima_Ricardo_M.pdf: 1107563 bytes, checksum: a1179beaec699c0dcd87b45284e4a99c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004
Resumo: Dados a banda de transmissão atualmente disponível, o protocolo (IP) utilizado para transmitir a maior parte de tráfego e a quantidade de tráfego e seus requisitos de aos, a Engenharia de Tráfego (TE, de Traffic Engineering) tomou-se um componente cada vez mais importante nas redes de comunicações. O padrão do IETF para enncaminhamento roteamento entitulado Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) preenche lacunas importantes neste cenário e é peça chave das metodologias de TE mais sofisticadas. Nesta dissertação é apresentado um modelo genérico de TE e uma proposta para uma Plataforma para Experimentos com MPLS (PLEX MPLS) que permite que o usuário defina, execute, e analise configurações de Engenharia de Tráfego com MPLS em uma rede IP. Os principais objetivos da PLEX MPLS são: . Estudo da tecnologia MPLS e suporte a outros trabalhos em andamento no contexto do grupo de estudos em MPLS do DCA . Experimentos com engenharia de tráfego com MPLS: validação das tecnologias e conceitos relacionados . Experimentos didáticos em disciplinas de laboratório de redes. Os principais conceitos de TE e MPLS são apresentados como referência, bem como uma descrição do NIST Switch, a plataforma MPLS escolhida para este trabalho. A análise, projeto e implementação da PLEX MPLS são apresentados, pois formam parte significativa do trabalho desenvolvido. A PLEX não só utiliza, como também estende as funcionalidades oferecidas pelo NIST Switch a fim de oferecer um esquema de TE mais completo e eficiente. Na fase de análise, vemos quais os principais requisitos para a implementação desta plataforma, seguindo uma metodologia de Engenharia de Software. Na fase de projeto, vemos as soluções propostas para os problemas identificados na fase de análise e temos uma especificação dos componentes a serem implementados. Na fase seguinte, discutimos a implementação das principais características dos componentes da PLEX, justificando as decisões tomadas. Para validar a implementação da PLEX de acordo com sua proposta, foram realizados alguns experimentos em uma rede de testes com tráfego real. A execução destes experimentos é descrita e seus resultados analisados. Os resultados obtidos assinalam claramente a importância e utilidade de esquemas de TE baseada em MPLS. Uma interessante metodologia para TE, compilada a partir de várias propostas, é apresentada. Finalmente, apontam-se caminhos a seguir em um trabalho futuro de refinamento da PLEX
Abstract: Given the bandwidth currently available, the protocol (IP) used to transmit most Internet traffic, the quantity of traffic produced and its QoS requirements, Traffic Engineering (TE) has become an increasingly important component of communications networks. IETF's standard for forwarding/routing, which is entitled Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS), presents important solutions in this scenario playing a major role in more sophisticated TE methodologies. This work presents a generic methodology for TE and a proposal for a Platform for Experiments with MPLS (PLEX MPLS) which allows the user to define, execute and analyze Traffic Engineering configurations with MPLS in an IP network. The main goals of PLEX MPLS are: . Study of the M PLS technology and support of other ongoing works with M PLS in the DCA . Traffic Engineering experiments with MPLS: validation of the related concepts and technologies . Support of didactic experiments in academic disciplines. The main concepts of MPLS and TE are presented as reference, as well as a brief description of NIST Switch, the MPLS software chosen for the PLEX MPLS implementation. The analysis, project and implementation of PLEX MPLS are presented, since are significant part of the developed work. PLEX not only uses, but also extends NIST Switch functionalities to offer a more complete and efficient TE scheme. In the analysis phase the main requirements for the PLEX implementation are specified, following a well-known Software Engineering methodology. The solutions found for the problems identified in the analysis phase are presented in the project phase alongside with a specification of the components that will be implemented. In the next phase, the implementation of PLEX is discussed focusing on the most important characteristics of PLEX components and justifying the implementation ecisions. In order to validate PLEX implementation and its proposal, some experiments were made in a test network with reallive traffic. These experiments are described and its results analyzed. The results obtained clearly indicate the importance and utility of TE schemes based on MPLS. Also an interesting TE methodology compiled from several proposals is presented. Finally, possible improvements and future work on PLEX MPLS are indicated.
Mestrado
Engenharia de Computação
Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica
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Wang, Xinyu. "Differentiated quality of service in packet-switching networks /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6028.

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Evequoz, Claude. "On the choice of packet size in computer communication networks." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66158.

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Jahromi, Payam Torab. "Performance analysis of packet-switched networks with tree topology." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/15692.

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劉少華 and Siu-wah Lau. "A novel approach to deadlock prevention in store-and-forward networks." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1991. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31209798.

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Lau, Siu-wah. "A novel approach to deadlock prevention in store-and-forward networks /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1991. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13005625.

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Books on the topic "Computer networks Packet switching (Data transmission) TCP"

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1968-, Rovithakis George A., ed. End to end adaptive congestion control in TCP/IP networks. Boca Raton, FL: Taylor & Francis, 2012.

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Park, Kun Il. QOS in packet networks. New York: Springer, 2005.

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Sally, Maynard-Smith, ed. Packet switched networks: Theory and practice. Wilmslow, U.K: Sigma Press, 1988.

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X.25 explained: Protocols for packet switching networks. 2nd ed. Chichester, West Sussex: E. Horwood, 1986.

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X.25 explained: Protocols for packet switching networks. Chichester [West Sussex]: E. Horwood, 1985.

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Metcalfe, Robert M. Packet communication. [San Jose, Calif.]: Peer-to-peer Communications, 1996.

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Wu, Weidong. Packet forwarding technologies. New York: Auerbach Publications, 2008.

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Thomas, Thomas M. BCMSN: Building Cisco multilayer switching networks. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2000.

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Black, Uyless D. MPLS and label switching networks. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2001.

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Kanakia, Hemant Ratubhai. High-performance host interfacing for packet-switched networks. Stanford, Calif: Dept. of Computer Science, Stanford University, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Computer networks Packet switching (Data transmission) TCP"

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Ohta, Yoshiaki, Kenji Kawahara, Takeshi Ikenaga, and Yuji Oie. "Performance Evaluation of Channel Switching Scheme for Packet Data Transmission in Radio Network Controller." In NETWORKING 2002: Networking Technologies, Services, and Protocols; Performance of Computer and Communication Networks; Mobile and Wireless Communications, 648–59. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-47906-6_52.

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Clayton, John F. "Education, the Internet, and the World Wide Web." In Encyclopedia of Human Computer Interaction, 175–78. IGI Global, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59140-562-7.ch028.

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The development of the Internet has a relatively brief and well-documented history (Cerf, 2001; Griffiths, 2001; Leiner et al., 2000; Tyson, 2002). The initial concept was first mooted in the early 1960s. American computer specialists visualized the creation of a globally interconnected set of computers through which everyone quickly could access data and programs from any node, or place, in the world. In the early 1970s, a research project initiated by the United States Department of Defense investigated techniques and technologies to interlink packet networks of various kinds. This was called the Internetting project, and the system of connected networks that emerged from the project was known as the Internet. The initial networks created were purpose-built (i.e., they were intended for and largely restricted to closed specialist communities of research scholars). However, other scholars, other government departments, and the commercial sector realized the system of protocols developed during this research (Transmission Control Protocol [TCP] and Internet Protocol [IP], collectively known as the TCP/IP Protocol Suite) had the potential to revolutionize data and program sharing in all parts of the community. A flurry of activity, beginning with the National Science Foundation (NSF) network NSFNET in 1986, over the last two decades of the 20th century created the Internet as we know it today. In essence, the Internet is a collection of computers joined together with cables and connectors following standard communication protocols.
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Louvros, Spiros. "Towards Unified Services in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks Based on Soft-Switch Platform." In Encyclopedia of Multimedia Technology and Networking, Second Edition, 1416–22. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-014-1.ch191.

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Abstract:
The last two decades, after the telecommunication and computer technology convergence, the world of telecommunication applications has changed dramatically. The traffic needs of the customers have moved from circuit switched applications towards packet switched applications (Cox, 1995). Data traffic, with the characteristics of information transmission in the form of packets and the bursty flow characteristics rather than constant rate, nowadays accounts for slightly more than 60% of the traffic that is transmitted over the backbone telecommunication networks (Esmailzadeh, Nakagawa, & Jones, 2003). In addition to data traffic, multimedia applications like video calls, IP TV, and multimedia messaging traffic (variable rate with real time constraints) was made possible by low cost video digitizing equipment (Houssos, Alonistioti, Merakos, Mohyeldin, Dillinger, Fahrmair, & Schoenmakers, 2003). Different Radio Access Technology (RAT) networks offer different services to their subscribers. This is a big problem for the multimedia industry since it poses certain constraints to the subscribers regarding specific technology handsets. The ideal solution might be a unified handset with a unified service subscriber identity module (SIM) card (Louvros & Iossifides, 2004). This handset should be able to access the service by any radio access network, like Global System Mobile (GSM) (Siegmund, Redl, Weber, & Oliphant, 1995), General Packet Radio System (GPRS), Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), and IEEE802.11 standard (WiFi or WLAN) towards a common core platform. In order to achieve such a unification, the service request should be seamless to the radio access technology network and the core platform should support certain protocols to provide again seamless to the user access to the requested service. Such a platform is already designed and is known as the soft-switch solution. The idea behind the soft-switch solution is the layering of the core network management procedures (mobility management, call control, session management, charging) in such a way that the operator can support all requests as a unified routing process. Moreover the operator can deploy its core switch and transmission network based on a common backbone, designed according to the 3GPP standards on IP or ATM infrastructure, and also to be able to accommodate in the future any new radio access technology network simply and without any serious rearrangement of the existing backbone, thus eliminating cost implementation. Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) technology is proposed by the telecommunication industry to accommodate multiple traffic types (packet and voice) in a high speed wire-line backbone network. Briefly, ATM is based on very fast (on the order of 2.5 Gbits/sec or higher (Q.2931 ATM Network Signaling Specification, ITU)) packet switching technology with 53 byte long packets called cells being transmitted through wireline networks running usually on fiber optical equipment (Louvros, Karaboulas, Iossifides, & Kotsopoulos, 2003).
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