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Sun, Yu, Xing, and Qin. "Parallel Transmission of Distributed Sensor Based on SCTP and TCP for Heterogeneous Wireless Networks in IoT." Sensors 19, no. 9 (April 29, 2019): 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19092005.
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Sensors in the Internet of Things (IoT) generate large amounts of data, which requires high-speed data transmission. In order to achieve the parallel transmissions of the wireless sensor network on the transmission layer, the performance of stream control transmission protocol (SCTP) and transmission control protocol (TCP) in the wireless sensor network under different packet error rates was simulated and compared. A dynamic multipath handover method for SCTP (MS-SCTP) was proposed to improve the transmission performance, which selects the transmission path according to the packet error rate and the retransmission ratio in the sender’s buffer. The TCP and SCTP protocol switching method (TCP-SCTP) was proposed to detect the current network traffic and adjust the MS-SCTP or TCP method. Analysis and simulation results show that MS-SCTP and TCP-SCTP could improve network throughput and reduce packet loss rate. MS-SCTP and TCP-SCTP can be combined with other technologies and channel allocation algorithms to improve network traffic.
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Park, Byungjoo, Ankyu Hwang, and Haniph Latchman. "Design of Optimized Multimedia Data Streaming Management Using OMDSM over Mobile Networks." Mobile Information Systems 2017 (2017): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2867127.
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Mobility management is an essential challenge for supporting reliable multimedia data streaming over wireless and mobile networks in the Internet of Things (IoT) for location-based mobile marketing applications. The communications among mobile nodes for IoT need to have a seamless handover for delivering high quality multimedia services. The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) mobility management schemes are the proposals for handling the routing of IPv6 packets to mobile nodes that have moved away from their home network. However, the standard mobility management scheme cannot prevent packet losses due to longer handover latency. In this article, a new enhanced data streaming route optimization scheme is introduced that uses an optimized Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) realignment algorithm in order to prevent the packet disordering problem whenever the nodes in the IoT environment are communicating with each other. With the proposed scheme, data packets sequence realignment can be prevented, the packet traffic speed can be controlled, and the TCP performance can be improved. The experimental results show that managing the packet order in proposed new scheme remarkably increases the overall TCP performance over mobile networks within the IoT environment thus ensuring the high quality of service (QoS) for multimedia data streaming in location-based mobile marketing applications.
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Zong, Liang, Yong Bai, Chenglin Zhao, Gaofeng Luo, Zeyu Zhang, and Huawei Ma. "On Enhancing TCP to Deal with High Latency and Transmission Errors in Geostationary Satellite Network for 5G-IoT." Security and Communication Networks 2020 (December 8, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6693094.
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The geostationary (GEO) satellite networks have two important influencing factors: high latency and transmission errors. Similarly, they will happen in the large-scale multihop network of the Internet of things (IoT), which will affect the application of 5G- (5th-generation mobile networks-) IoT. In this paper, we propose an enhanced TCP mechanism that increases the amount of data transferred in the slow start phase of TCP Hybla to mitigate the effect of long RTT and incorporates a refined mechanism of TCP Veno, which can distinguish packet loss between random and congestion. This scheme is evaluated and compared with NewReno, Hybla, and Veno by simulation, and the performance improvement of the proposed TCP scheme for GEO satellite network in the presence of random packet losses is demonstrated. At the same time, the enhanced TCP scheme can improve the transmission performance in the future 5G-IoT heterogeneous network with high delay and transmission .
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Memon, Sheeba, Jiawei Huang, and Hussain Saajid. "Gentle Slow Start to Alleviate TCP Incast in Data Center Networks." Symmetry 11, no. 2 (January 27, 2019): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym11020138.
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Modern data center networks typically adopt symmetric topologies, such as leaf-spine and fat-tree. When a large number of transmission control protocol (TCP) flows in data center networks send data to the same receiver, the congestion collapse, called TCP Incast, frequently happens because of the huge packet losses and Time-Out. To address the TCP Incast issue, we firstly demonstrate that adjusting the increasing speed of the congestion window during the slow start phase is crucially important. Then we propose the Gentle Slow Start (GSS) algorithm, which adjusts the congestion window according to real-time congestion state in a gentle manner and smoothly switches from slow start to congestion avoidance phase. Furthermore, we present the implementation and design of Gentle Slow Start and also integrate it into the state-of-the-art data center transport protocols. The test results show that GSS effectively decreases the Incast probability and increases the network goodput by average 8x.
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Fiorani, Matteo, Slavisa Aleksic, and Maurizio Casoni. "Hybrid Optical Switching for Data Center Networks." Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/139213.
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Current data centers networks rely on electronic switching and point-to-point interconnects. When considering future data center requirements, these solutions will raise issues in terms of flexibility, scalability, performance, and energy consumption. For this reason several optical switched interconnects, which make use of optical switches and wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), have been recently proposed. However, the solutions proposed so far suffer from low flexibility and are not able to provide service differentiation. In this paper we introduce a novel data center network based on hybrid optical switching (HOS). HOS combines optical circuit, burst, and packet switching on the same network. In this way different data center applications can be mapped to the optical transport mechanism that best suits their traffic characteristics. Furthermore, the proposed HOS network achieves high transmission efficiency and reduced energy consumption by using two parallel optical switches. We consider the architectures of both a traditional data center network and the proposed HOS network and present a combined analytical and simulation approach for their performance and energy consumption evaluation. We demonstrate that the proposed HOS data center network achieves high performance and flexibility while considerably reducing the energy consumption of current solutions.
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Lee, Sungwon, Yeongjoon Bae, Muhammad Toaha Raza Khan, Junho Seo, and Dongkyun Kim. "Avoiding Spurious Retransmission over Flooding-Based Routing Protocol for Underwater Sensor Networks." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2020 (August 25, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8839541.
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In underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSN), acoustic communication naturally introduces challenges such as long propagation delay and high packet loss. The flooding-based routing protocol can address these challenges with its multipath characteristics. As in flooding-based routing, due to multipath propagation mechanism, not only DATA but also ACK messages are transmitted through multiple routes however still some packet loss will degrade the performance. So, to provide high reliability of message delivery, an efficient retransmission mechanism is inevitable. Though, if the network uses conventional transport layer protocol such as TCP, it will suffer a spurious retransmission problem as TCP was originally not designed for the multipath environment. In this paper, we propose route discrimination for flooding-based routing to reduce spurious retransmission in UWSN to solve the limitation. The notion of ACK copies waiting time (ACWT) is utilized which is selectively updated based on the similarity of paths of transmission of ACK message copies. We also improved our previous solution that lacks flexibility to cope with dynamic link error characteristics. Through evaluation, we verified that our new scheme achieves the performance improvements of 14%~84% in terms of retransmission ratio compared to the previous research.
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Cao, Yuanlong, Ruiwen Ji, Lejun Ji, Mengshuang Bao, Lei Tao, and Wei Yang. "Can Multipath TCP Be Robust to Cyber Attacks? A Measuring Study of MPTCP with Active Queue Management Algorithms." Security and Communication Networks 2021 (May 27, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9963829.
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With the development of social networks, more and more mobile social network devices have multiple interfaces. Multipath TCP (MPTCP), as an emerging transmission protocol, can fit multiple link bandwidths to improve data transmission performance and improve user experience quality. At the same time, due to the large-scale deployment and application of emerging technologies such as the Internet of Things and cloud computing, cyber attacks against MPTCP have gradually increased. More and more network security research studies point out that low-rate distributed denial of service (LDDoS) attacks are relatively popular and difficult to detect and are recognized as one of the most severe threats to network services. This article introduces six classic queue management algorithms: DropTail, RED, FRED, REM, BLUE, and FQ. In a multihomed network environment, we perform the performance evaluation of MPTCP under LDDoS attacks in terms of throughput, delay, and packet loss rate when using the six algorithms, respectively, by simulations. The results show that in an MPTCP-enabled multihomed network, different queue management algorithms have different throughput, delay, and packet loss rate performance when subjected to LDDoS attacks. Considering these three performance indicators comprehensively, the FRED algorithm has better performance. By adopting an effective active queue management (AQM) algorithm, the MPTCP transmission system can enhance its robustness capability, thus improving transmission performance. We suggest that when designing and improving the queue management algorithm, the antiattack performance of the algorithm should be considered: (1) it can adjust the traffic speed by optimizing the congestion control mechanism; (2) the fairness of different types of data streams sharing bandwidth is taken into consideration; and (3) it has the ability to adjust the parameters of the queue management algorithm in a timely and accurate manner.
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Shijer, Sameera Sadey, and Ahmad H. Sabry. "Analysis of performance parameters for wireless network using switching multiple access control method." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 4, no. 9(112) (August 31, 2021): 6–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.238457.
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The developments of wireless networks have directed to search for opportunities of a broad diversity of improved and new networking contributions. Wireless Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) is a non-synchronous or random mode of transferring information. The advantages of circuit switching include dedicated connections and guaranteed traffic parameters and the benefits of packet switching are the efficiency at the physical layer and a more cost-effective design. ATM is the only protocol that offers the best of both communication methods. Although the Variable Bit-Rate (VBR) transmission presents a promising prospective of stable data quality, it is usually accompanied by network traffic overload and cell packet loss, which extensively weakens that potential. This work overcomes these concerns by developing a switching-based multiple access control model to improve the data transmission performance of wireless ATM. Therefore, this work discusses the effectiveness of the developed approach to minimize the cell packet losses and network traffic overload in wireless ATM. Three control access is processed; polling, token passing, and reservation algorithms for collision avoidance. The reservation stage reserves the data before sending, which includes two timeline intervals; a fixed-time reservation period, and variable data transmission interval. Using OPNET 10.5, the results show that the presented switching-based multiple access control model can achieve a throughput value of 98.3 %, data transmission delay of about 40.2 ms, and 0.024 % of packet losses during data transmission between the source and destination. It is demonstrated that the introduced method effectively transmits information without creating any network complexity and delay
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Lu, Zheng, and David K. Hunter. "Dual-Layer Congestion Control for Transmission Control Protocol Carried by Optical Packet Switching With User Data Protocol Background Traffic." Journal of Optical Communications and Networking 1, no. 2 (June 12, 2009): A1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/jocn.1.0000a1.
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Irawan, Addie, Mohammad Fadhil Abas, and Nurulfadzilah Hasan. "Robot Local Network Using TQS Protocol for Land-to-Underwater Communications." Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology 1 (March 29, 2019): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.26636/jtit.2019.125818.
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This paper presents a model and an analysis of the Tag QoS switching (TQS) protocol proposed for heterogeneous robots operating in different environments. Collaborative control is topic that is widely discussed in multirobot task allocation (MRTA) – an area which includes establishing network communication between each of the connected robots. Therefore, this research focuses on classifying, prioritizing and analyzing performance of the robot local network (RLN) model which comprises a point-to-point topology network between robot peers (nodes) in the air, on land, and under water. The proposed TQS protocol was inspired by multiprotocol label switching (MPLS), achieving a quality of service (QoS) where swapping and labeling operations involving the data packet header were applied. The OMNET++ discrete event simulator was used to analyze the percentage of losses, average access delay, and throughput of the transmitted data in different classes of service (CoS), in a line of transmission between underwater and land environments. The results show that inferior data transmission performance has the lowest priority with low bitrates and extremely high data packet loss rates when the network traffic was busy. On the other hand, simulation results for the highest CoS data forwarding show that its performance was not affected by different data transmission rates characterizing different mediums and environments.
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Khairi, Mutaz Hamed Hussien, Sharifah H. S. Ariffin, N. M. Abdul Latiff, and Kamaludin Mohamad Yusof. "Generation and collection of data for normal and conflicting flows in software defined network flow table." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 22, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v22.i1.pp307-314.
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<a name="_Hlk31039004"></a><span lang="EN-US">In terms of network simplification and regulation, Software Defined Networking (SDN) is a new form of infrastructure that offers greater adaptability and flexibility. SDN, however, is an invention that is logically centralized. </span><span>In addition, the optimization of the control plane and data plane in SDN has become an area deserving of more attention. The flow in OpenFlow has been one of the essential parameters in the SDN standards, in which every individual flow includes packet matching fields, flow priority, separate counters, instructions for packet forwarding, flow timeouts and a cookie. This research work is conducted in order to produce and collect flows from the OpenFlow switch in two scenarios; in normal flows and when conflict policy rules are enforced in the network. In this article, the throughput is required to review and evaluate the conflict impact on two protocols as a performance metric; the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) that flows via a forwarded plane. During the simulation of the SDN OpenFlow network, the metrics are tested using MININET. The results demonstrate that the existence of SDN conflict rules allows TCP and UDP to have a significant average change in bandwidth that eventually affects the network and operations performance.</span>
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Liang, Wei, Jing Long, Xia Lei, Zhiqiang You, Haibo Luo, Jiahong Cai, and Kuan-Ching Li. "Efficient data packet transmission algorithm for IPV6 mobile vehicle network based on fast switching model with time difference." Future Generation Computer Systems 100 (November 2019): 132–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2019.04.040.
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Kumar, Sunil, Siddharth Khimsara, Kashyap Kambhatla, Kalyani Girivanesh, John D. Matyjas, and Michael Medley. "Robust On-Demand Multipath Routing with Dynamic Path Upgrade for Delay-Sensitive Data over Ad Hoc Networks." Journal of Computer Networks and Communications 2013 (2013): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/791097.
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Node mobility in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) causes frequent route breakages and intermittent link stability. In this paper, we introduce a robust routing scheme, known as ad hoc on-demand multipath distance vector with dynamic path update (AOMDV-DPU), for delay-sensitive data transmission over MANET. The proposed scheme improves the AOMDV scheme by incorporating the following features: (i) a routing metric based on the combination of minimum hops and received signal strength indicator (RSSI) for discovery of reliable routes; (ii) alocal path updatemechanism which strengthens the route, reduces the route breakage frequency, and increases the route longevity; (iii) akeep alivemechanism for secondary route maintenance which enables smooth switching between routes and reduces the route discovery frequency; (iv) apacket salvagingscheme to improve packet delivery in the event of a route breakage; and (v) low HELLO packet overhead. The simulations are carried out in ns-2 for varying node speeds, number of sources, and traffic load conditions. Our AOMDV-DPU scheme achieves significantly higher throughput, lower delay, routing overhead, and route discovery frequency and latency compared to AOMDV. For H.264 compressed video traffic, AOMDV-DPU scheme achieves 3 dB or higher PSNR gain over AOMDV at both low and high node speeds.
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Mudassir, Mumajjed Ul, and M. Iram Baig. "MFVL HCCA: A Modified Fast-Vegas-LIA Hybrid Congestion Control Algorithm for MPTCP Traffic Flows in Multihomed Smart Gas IoT Networks." Electronics 10, no. 6 (March 18, 2021): 711. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10060711.
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Multihomed smart gas meters are Internet of Things (IoT) devices that transmit information wirelessly to a cloud or remote database via multiple network paths. The information is utilized by the smart gas grid for accurate load forecasting and several other important tasks. With the rapid growth in such smart IoT networks and data rates, reliable transport layer protocols with efficient congestion control algorithms are required. The small Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) stacks designed for IoT devices still lack efficient congestion control schemes. Multipath transmission control protocol (MPTCP) based congestion control algorithms are among the recent research topics. Many coupled and uncoupled congestion control algorithms have been proposed by researchers. The default congestion control algorithm for MPTCP is coupled congestion control by using the linked-increases algorithm (LIA). In battery powered smart meters, packet retransmissions consume extra power and low goodput results in poor system performance. In this study, we propose a modified Fast-Vegas-LIA hybrid congestion control algorithm (MFVL HCCA) for MPTCP by considering the requirements of a smart gas grid. Our novel algorithm operates in uncoupled congestion control mode as long as there is no shared bottleneck and switches to coupled congestion control mode otherwise. We have presented the details of our proposed model and compared the simulation results with the default coupled congestion control for MPTCP. Our proposed algorithm in uncoupled mode shows a decrease in packet loss up to 50% and increase in average goodput up to 30%.
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Zheng, Yani, Gaurav Dhiman, Ashutosh Sharma, Amit Sharma, and Mohd Asif Shah. "An IoT-Based Water Level Detection System Enabling Fuzzy Logic Control and Optical Fiber Sensor." Security and Communication Networks 2021 (August 27, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4229013.
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The usage of wireless sensors has become widespread for the collection of data for various Internet of Things (IoT) products. Specific wireless sensors use optical fiber technology as transmission media and lightwave signals as carriers, showing the advantages of antielectromagnetic interference, high sensitivity, and strong reliability. Hence, their application in IoT systems becomes a research hotspot. In this article, multiple optical fiber sensors are constructed as an IoT detection system, and a Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)/Internet Protocol (IP) communication stack is used for the sensor module. Furthermore, design of gateway module, data server, and monitoring module is established in order to run the data server in the Windows system and communicate across the network segments. Furthermore, the optical fiber sensor is connected to the development board with WiFi, meanwhile considering the optical fiber wireless network’s congestion problem. The fuzzy logic concept is introduced from the perspective of cache occupancy, and a fiber sensor’s network congestion control algorithm is proposed. In the experiment, the IoT detection system with multiple optical fiber sensors is used for water level detection, and the sensor’s real-time data detected by the User Interface (UI) are consistent with the feedback results. The proposed method is also compared with the SenTCP algorithm and the CODA algorithm, and it was observed that the proposed network congestion control algorithm based on the fuzzy logic can improve network throughput and reduce the network data packet loss.
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Pan, Wansu, Haibo Tan, Xiru Li, and Xiaofeng Li. "Improved RTT Fairness of BBR Congestion Control Algorithm Based on Adaptive Congestion Window." Electronics 10, no. 5 (March 6, 2021): 615. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10050615.
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To alleviate the lower performance of Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) congestion control over complex network, especially the high latency and packet loss scenario, Google proposed the Bottleneck Bandwidth and Round-trip propagation time (BBR) congestion control algorithm. In contrast with other TCP congestion control algorithms, BBR adjusted transfer data by maximizing delivery rate and minimizing delay. However, some evaluation experiments have shown that the persistent queues formation and retransmissions in the bottleneck can lead to serious fairness issues between BBR flows with different round-trip times (RTTs). They pointed out that small RTT differences cause unfairness in the throughput of BBR flows and flows with longer RTT can obtain higher bandwidth when competing with the shorter RTT flows. In order to solve this fairness problem, an adaptive congestion window of BBR is proposed, which adjusts the congestion window gain of each BBR flow in network load. The proposed algorithms alleviate the RTT fairness issue by controlling the upper limit of congestion window according to the delivery rate and queue status. In the Network Simulator 3 (NS3) simulation experiment, it shows that the adaptive congestion window of BBR (BBR-ACW) congestion control algorithm improves the fairness by more than 50% and reduces the queuing delay by 54%, compared with that of the original BBR in different buffer sizes.
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Alsharif, Mohammed, Anabi Kelechi, Jeong Kim, and Jin Kim. "Energy Efficiency and Coverage Trade-Off in 5G for Eco-Friendly and Sustainable Cellular Networks." Symmetry 11, no. 3 (March 20, 2019): 408. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym11030408.
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Recently, cellular networks’ energy efficiency has garnered research interest from academia and industry because of its considerable economic and ecological effects in the near future. This study proposes an approach to cooperation between the Long-Term Evolution (LTE) and next-generation wireless networks. The fifth-generation (5G) wireless network aims to negotiate a trade-off between wireless network performance (sustaining the demand for high speed packet rates during busy traffic periods) and energy efficiency (EE) by alternating 5G base stations’ (BSs) switching off/on based on the traffic instantaneous load condition and, at the same time, guaranteeing network coverage for mobile subscribers by the remaining active LTE BSs. The particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm was used to determine the optimum criteria of the active LTE BSs (transmission power, total antenna gain, spectrum/channel bandwidth, and signal-to-interference-noise ratio) that achieves maximum coverage for the entire area during the switch-off session of 5G BSs. Simulation results indicate that the energy savings can reach 3.52 kW per day, with a maximum data rate of up to 22.4 Gbps at peak traffic hours and 80.64 Mbps during a 5G BS switched-off session along with guaranteed full coverage over the entire region by the remaining active LTE BSs.
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"Quality Assurance of Data Transmission in Queuing Networks." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 9, no. 2 (December 30, 2019): 4019–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.b4667.129219.
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With the development of high-speed communication networks, the so-called property of self-similarity of flows has an increasing impact on the quality of service. From a practical point of view, this can be explained by the high variability of traffic intensity and, as a consequence, the high receipt of packets to the network node at a high data rate, which leads, due to the limitation of the buffer, to packet losses. For a long time, it was believed that the traffic of the local network is described by the classical Poisson distribution. Telephone networks were originally built on the principle of channel switching, and computer networks are usually based on the principle of packet switching, but the calculation methods have remained virtually the same. Packets at high speed of their movement on a network arrive on a node not separately, and the whole pack. Traffic in such networks has ripples, which increases the likelihood of congestion in the network nodes, which lead to buffer overflows and cause losses and / or delays. Pulsations lead to differences in the speed of information flows, in which the ratio of the maximum value to the minimum speed is tens of times. At the same time, it turned out that in multiservice networks, the number of events in a given time interval depends on previous, very distant events. This means that at large scales of a multiservice network, traffic has the property of self-similarity, i.e. it looks qualitatively the same at any sufficiently large scales of the time axis
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"A Routing Delay Reduction Mechanism Based on Dynamic Switching through Congestion Prediction in Wireless Mobile Network." International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 9, no. 1 (November 10, 2019): 4357–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.a5033.119119.
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The advancement in wireless mobile networks (WMNs) and their technologies are becoming the most popular technologies today and are widely used in various communication services. Devices for communication are equipped with wireless network interfaces through which they can efficiently stream data to their network-wide devices. However, due to the extreme use of different services, and TCP incapacity to control congestion, it causes a high overload in wireless communication, which makes the network extremely unstable and congested. Conventional routing methods with congestion control mechanisms for multimedia streams are not reliable for transport layer protocols. In such a case, it makes wireless networks very complex and challenging to perform smooth routing due to its dynamic characteristics and resource constraints. It can be overcome through scheduling flow control in multiple network interfaces for smooth packets streaming data, and even it can play an important role in congestion control by overwhelming the buffers of intermediate nodes and reduction in packet loss. In this paper, we propose a Routing Delay Reduction Approach (RDRA) based on dynamic switching by estimating the transmission rate and delay probability through congestion prediction. The goal of RDRA is to reduce routing latency and packet loss and improve throughput at different traffic rates. Experimental evaluation measures at different traffic rate variation it shows an improved performance in terms of throughput and low latency compared to the related protocols.
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"Implementation Based Approach to analyze MPLS and Segment Routing Traffic by Using ODL SDN Controller." International Journal of Advanced Trends in Computer Science and Engineering 10, no. 3 (June 15, 2021): 2324–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.30534/ijatcse/2021/1171032021.
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Network infrastructure in the data center is getting more complicated due to heavy network traffic, by increasing a network load leads high storage consumption and high deployment cost. We have proposed an effective traffic management mechanism by combining Segment Routing and Multipath Transmission Control Protocol TCP in a logically centralized controller environment. Segment Routing and Multipath TCP is used to define a logically centralized and physically distribution for Software Defined Network SDN. Segment Routing SR technology is used for simplifying Multi-protocol Label Switching MPLS and software- defined network SDN networks. Segment Routing makes it easy to assign a dynamic traffic according to customer’s requirements through the high-level application. This work presents a comprehensive comparison between MPLS and Segment Routing Traffic Engineering, both technologies are implemented in an SDN network environment, based on GNS3 network Emulator as data network Layer, Open-Daylight as SDN Controller, and Python scripts for sending Segment IDs as a part of network Orchestrator in Application Layer.
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Tan, Xiaonan, Geng Chen, and Hongyu Sun. "Vertical handover algorithm based on multi-attribute and neural network in heterogeneous integrated network." EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking 2020, no. 1 (October 16, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13638-020-01822-1.
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Abstract A novel vertical handover algorithm based on multi-attribute and neural network for heterogeneous integrated network is proposed in this paper. The whole frame of the algorithm is constructed by setting the network environment in which we use the network resources by switching between UMTS, GPRS, WLAN, 4G, and 5G. Each network build their own three-layer BP (Back Propagation, BP) neural network model and then the maximum transmission rate, minimum delay, SINR (signal to interference and noise ratio, SINR), bit error rate, user moving speed, and packet loss rate which can affect the overall performance of the wireless network are employed as reference objects to participate in the setting of BP neural network input layer neurons and the training and learning process of subsequent neural network data. Finally, the network download rate is adopted as prediction target to evaluate performance on the five wireless networks and then the vertical handover algorithm will select the right wireless network to perform vertical handover decision. The simulation results on MATLAB platform show that the vertical handover algorithm designed in this paper has a handover success rate up to 90% and realizes efficient handover and seamless connectivity between multi-heterogeneous networks.
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Prayogi Wicaksana, Febri Hadi, and Aulia Fitrul Hadi. "Perancangan Implementasi VPN Server Menggunakan Protokol L2TP dan IPSec Sebagai Keamanan Jaringan." Jurnal KomtekInfo, August 14, 2021, 169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.35134/komtekinfo.v8i3.128.
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One of the ways to maintain and improve the quality of service and security on the network of an agency of the Barangin Sub-District Office, Sawahlunto City (Central) is to add a VPN feature. Administrators who always monitor the flow of traffic by accessing routers and access points to find out network conditions. There are times when the Administrator is on a public network, he or she cannot access routers and access point devices because the Public IP obtained is Dynamic (random). To solve this problem, it is done through the Network Development Life Cycle (NDLC) method by combining the L2TP and IPsec VPN protocol systems on Mikrotik. A Virtual Private Network (VPN) is a private and secure network using a public network such as the internet. One of the bases for securing VPN technology is Internet Protocol Security (IPSec). IPSec is a protocol used to secure datagram transmission on TCP/IP-based networks. This study aims to design and implement a VPN network system by utilizing a public network, where this system provides advanced security enhancements on the internet network using IPSec. The information/data sent will be confidential with an automatic encryption method through the L2TP tunnel method from the server to the branch/client computer and vice versa. The VPN is implemented using a layer 2 (L2TP) tunneling protocol using two Mikrotik routers. There are few changes to the computer network configuration to minimize costs and implementation time. Tests are carried out to implement security on the network using the command prompt, where the admin observes packet loss and delay parameters to determine the increase in security quality on the network.