Relevant bibliographies by topics / Computer numerically controlled (CNC) machines

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Computer numerically controlled (CNC) machines'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 2 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Computer numerically controlled (CNC) machines"

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Novak-Marcincin, Jozef, and Ludmila Novakova-Marcincinova. "Effective Use of CA System for Control of Water-Jet Cutting Technology." Advanced Materials Research 853 (December 2013): 403–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.853.403.

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History of Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) becomes from 50th years, when the conception of numerically controlled (NC) machines was designed. This was first impulse for entrance of electronics and later computer technology into the production support. However, more extensive development of CAM systems was enabled by creating the conception of the computer numerically controlled (CNC) production machines which is dated to 1970. Since the CAM systems allow the data about product geometry, which has been created by CAD system, to be used directly for creating NC programs for NC and CNC production machines.
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Zaborski, Andrzej. "Computer-aided preparation of production of products for CNC lathe in an automated production line." Mechanik 92, no. 7 (2019): 456–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17814/mechanik.2019.7.55.

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The article presents possibility of using contemporary computer systems for computer-aided development of production preparation processes using numerically controlled machines. An example of preparing the production of a drive shaft of a motor shaft on a numerically controlled lathe Defum TAE45 in an automated production line is described. The correctness of the processed process was verified using a profile projector.
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Haridy, Salah, Zhang Wu, and Amro Shafik. "An Educational Scheme for a CNC Drilling Machine." International Journal of Manufacturing, Materials, and Mechanical Engineering 2, no. 2 (2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijmmme.2012040101.

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Computer numerical control (CNC) involves machines controlled by electronic systems designed to accept numerical data and other instructions, usually in a coded form. CNC machines are more productive than conventional equipment and consequently produce parts at less cost and higher accuracy even when the higher investment is considered. This article proposes an educational scheme for designing a CNC machine for drilling printed circuit boards (PCB) holes with small diameters. The machine consists of three-independently move-fully controlled tables. Output pulses from the personal computer (PC) parallel port are used to control the machine after processing by an interface card. A flexible, responsive and real-time visual C # program is developed to control the motion of the stepper motors. The educational scheme proposed in this article can provide engineers and students in academic institutions with a simple foundation to efficiently build a CNC machine based on the available resources.
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Jywe, W. "Study using position silicon detectors for performance testing of computer numerically controlled machine tools." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 216, no. 5 (2002): 725–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954405021520418.

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In this paper, various contouring test systems for computer numerically controlled (CNC) machine tools are reviewed. It is the first time a laser diode and a quadrant sensor have been employed to build a simple contouring measuring system for testing dynamic performance of a CNC machine tool. The experimental work on a CNC machine tool with a Fanuc OM controller for various contouring paths under specified feed rates is carried out. Then, the compensation work is executed with the assistance of this developed contouring system. After the compensation, the contouring error, especially at a high feed rate and small radius, is reduced significantly.
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Sarma, Radha, and Aarthi Rao. "Discretizors and Interpolators for Five-Axis CNC Machines." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 122, no. 1 (1999): 191–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.538896.

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Discretization and interpolation of curves are two frequently adopted practices when machining complex curves using computer numerically controlled (CNC) machines. Both practices stem from the need to sample curves at discrete time intervals corresponding to the sampling period of the CNC machine. This paper proposes new techniques for discretization and interpolation that account for the change of tool orientations in five-axis machining. First, the method for discretization proposed in this paper is based on sampling the curves such that specified contour, feedrate, and orientation errors are not exceeded. Second, the interpolator proposed in this paper will be able to avoid excessive angular speeds arising from sampling the curves based on the feedrate alone. [S1087-1357(00)01401-5]
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BUDZYN, Grzegorz, Janusz RZEPKA, and Pawel KALUZA. "COMPARISON OF STATIC AND DYNAMIC LASER BASED POSITIONING METHODS FOR CHARACTERIZATION OF CNC MACHINES." Journal of Machine Engineering 18, no. 4 (2018): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.7631.

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In the paper we compare the laser based measurements of linear parameters of numerically controlled machines. A new dynamic method of measuring machine positioning is described and compared with the widely used static method. The algorithms of the dynamic method are presented and the comparison results of both methods are shown. It is proven that with the new method the measurement time of linear errors of the CNC machines can be reduced significantly. Additionally the machine wear-out in the linear axes can also be easily and efficiently monitored.
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Gunawan, Alexander A. S., and Jimmy Linggarjati. "Pengembangan Program Aplikasi Enhanced Machine Control dengan Python untuk Metode Interpolasi Newton." ComTech: Computer, Mathematics and Engineering Applications 3, no. 1 (2012): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/comtech.v3i1.2396.

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Nowadays, one of industrial main problems is the flexibility of machines to be customized since they are designed based on certain standard. This research develops software for CNC (Computer Numerically Controlled) machine in order to execute the Newton Interpolation using Python. The platform used in the CNC machine is EMC (Enhanced Machine Control) and GUI (Graphical User Interface) AXIS on the operating system Linux Ubuntu. The Newton interpolation is used to create a curve based on several point determined by user. By converting this curve into G-Code, which could be read by CNC machine, the machine can move according to curve designed by user. This research is an initial study to customize the CNC machine and will continue to fulfill the user needs. This research obtained a program that is able to run well up to 4 input pairs. The higher number inputs will cause the oscillation in the interpolation curve.
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Mo, J. P. T., M. R. Squires, and G. C. Brien. "Real-time automatic statistical control for the grinding process." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 211, no. 3 (1997): 233–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954405971516220.

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The highly consistent axes control of current computer numerically controlled (CNC) grinding machines has ensured a high-quality output provided that the process parameters can be kept constant. However, there are many variations in the process that give rise to differences between workpieces. Typical process variations such as tool wear, materials and temperature changes are inevitable and cannot be compensated by advancements in axis servo-control. This paper addresses this problem by applying a high-level control methodology which makes use of real-time statistical process control (SPC) information to determine whether the process has deteriorated due to process variations. Adjustments to machine parameters to offset these changes can then be made. The methodology has been successfully incorporated in a control loop within the controller of the CNC grinders to achieve truly unattended grinding operations.
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Pahk, H. J., and S. W. Lee. "New error correction algorithms minimizing residual positional error for a computer integrated error calibration/correction system in computer numerically controlled machine tools." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 213, no. 7 (1999): 679–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095440629921300703.

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Linear displacement accuracy is one of the most important factors determining machine tool performance. Software error correction has been generally used for improving the positional accuracy in computer numerically controlled (CNC) machine tools. In this paper, a set of new correction algorithms has been presented for minimizing residual positional errors in CNC machine tools after correction.
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Gupta, Navriti, A. K. Agrawal,, R. S. Walia, and Ranganath Singari. "Hard Turning of AISI D2 Steel In CNC Machining: An Overview." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED PRODUCTION AND INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING 3, no. 1 (2018): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.35121/ijapie201801125.

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D2 steel is an industrial tool steel. It is widely used in the tool and die industry for making cutting tool inserts, bending inserts, restriking inserts, etc. which can be taken out after their tool life. D2 steel is a very tough steel and difficult to machine also. High generations tool bits like Tungsten carbides and Titanium carbides are required to machine them. The heat treatment follows the machining process. Their machinability is very low. CNC machines are often used to finish them. Often they are machined using programs on UG-NX Uni Graphics(CAM) and DELCAM. And they have to be machined in three steps. Roughing operations, followed by Semi-Finish machining and the last step is finish machining.CNC machining centers are versatile in their applications in metal removal processes. Often they are so modernized that just like many manufacturing operations, metal removal can be automated too. The need for CNC machining arises due to extensive finishing requirements in the aerospace, automotive industries. However, the CNC or Computer and Numerically controlled machining process usage is not limited to these industries only. Tool and Die industry also is heavily dependent on CNC material removal and machining processes as now replaceable inserts are widely used in this industry.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Computer numerically controlled (CNC) machines"

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Owen, Steven Ronald. "Advances in numerically controlled stitching machines." Thesis, University of Hull, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322397.

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Israeli, Gilad. "Software Simulation of Numerically Controlled Machining." Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/2921.

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The field of numerically controlled (NC) machining has long been interested with predicting and measuring the errors in machining. Creating a simulation of NC machining is one way of achieving this. This thesis presents one such implementation of an NC simulation. It also runs a number of numerical and physical tests to verify the simulation?s correctness. The numerical tests show that the simulator work correctly as well as providing guide lines for appropriate simulation parameters. The physical tests show that the results of the simulation match the results of real NC machines. It is hoped that this thesis can provide a guide for the creation of machining simulators and their verification.
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Wildschek, Reto. "Surface capture using near-real-time photogrammetry for a computer numerically controlled milling system." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/18605.

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During the past three years, a research project has been carried out in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at UCT, directed at developing a system to accurately reproduce three-dimensional (3D), sculptured surfaces on a three axis computer numerically controlled (CNC) milling machine. Sculptured surfaces are surfaces that cannot easily be represented mathematically. The project was divided into two parts: the development of an automatic noncontact 3D measuring system, and the development of a milling system capable of machining 30 sculptured surfaces (Back, 1988). The immediate need for such a system exists for the manufacture of medical prostheses. The writer undertook to investigate the measurement system, .with the objective to develop a non-contact measuring system that can be used to 'map' a sculptured surface so that it can be represented by a set of XYZ coordinates in the form required by the milling system developed by Back (1988). This thesis describes the development of a PC-based near-realtime photogrammetry system (PHOENICS) for surf ace capture. The topic is introduced by describing photogrammetric principles as used for non-contact measurements of objects. A number of different algorithms for image target detection, centering and matching is investigated. The approach to image matching adopted was the projection of a regular grid onto the surface with subsequent matching of conjugate grid intersections. A general algorithm which automatically detects crosses on a line and finds their accurate centres was developed. This algorithm was then extended from finding the crosses on a line, to finding all the intersection points of a grid. The algorithms were programmed in TRUE BASIC and specifically adapted for use with PHOENICS as an object point matching tool. The non-contact surface measuring technique which was developed was used in conjunction with the milling system developed by Back (1988) to replicate a test object. This test proved that the combined system is suitable for the manufacture of sculptured surf aces. The accuracy requirements for the manufacture of medical prostheses can be achieved with the combined measuring and milling system. At an object-to-camera distance of 0.5 m, points on a surface can be measured with an accuracy of approximately 0.3 mm at an interval of 5 mm. This corresponds to a relative accuracy of 1:1600. Back (1988) reported an average undercutting error of 0.46 mm for the milling system. This combines to an uncertainty of 0.55 mm. Finally, the limitations of PHOENICS at its prototype stage as a surface measuring tool are discussed, in particular the factors influencing the system's accuracy. PHOENICS is an ongoing project and the thesis is concluded by some recommendations for further research work.
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Omar, M., Khalid Hussain, and Christopher S. Wright. "Simulation study of an agile high-speed machining system for automotive cylinder heads." 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/2374.

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There is a continuous need within most manufacturing environments for more flexible production equipment, particularly where customer satisfaction and responsiveness promote quality improvement. In this paper, an automated agile manufacturing system that uses high-speed computer numerically controlled (CNC) machines to make automotive cylinder heads is proposed and evaluated by means of discrete event simulation using the ARENA simulator. Two alternative agile system configurations are constructed and simulated to achieve the production target. The simulation shows some significant benefits in using the agile system and demonstrates that high-speed CNC equipment is a viable option for cylinder head manufacture at a production volume of 550 000 units per annum. It is shown that the agile system can provide more flexibility and half the throughput time of the transfer line.
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Rouzrokh, Amir Hessam. "Shaping of Biodegradable Bone Implants Using Computer Numerically Controlled (CNC) Multi-Axis Machining." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/4023.

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This thesis presents the use of Computer Numerically Controlled (CNC) machining as a method to manufacture anatomically-shaped synthetic grafts made from Calcium Polyphosphate (CPP) ceramic. Tissue-engineered cartilage is grown on the surface of these implants in vitro followed by in vivo implantation in the host’s body for osteochondral focal defect repair. While most current implants are manufactured from simple geometries and are not specific to one patient’s need, it is believed that custom manufactured implants (from computer tomography data) representing the exact shape of the original bone will be beneficial. This is because custom implants permit an even stress distribution on the cartilage, resulting in increased cartilage survival rates. The present study has successfully manufactured and delivered a custom designed implant with sufficient surface porosity and minimal chipping. This was accomplished by effectively modeling the machinability characteristics and finding the optimal cutting conditions for CPP. CPP’s machinability characteristics were investigated and a cutting force prediction model was developed. This model was verified by a comparison of experimental and predicted forces for a number of ball and flat endmilling tests. The optimal cutting conditions that would result in maximum surface porosity and minimal chipping were established through qualitative investigation of results from varied conditions using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images. Using the established optimal cutting conditions from machinability studies, the multi-axis machining process for producing the designed custom implant was developed and all stages were simulated for accuracy and integrity of the final implant. The designed toolpaths were tested on prototyping wax and verified against the actual Computer Aided Design (CAD) model using an optical microscope. The same toolpaths were executed on a block of CPP and the final implant was again investigated for surface porosity and chipping. After final comparison against the CAD model using an optical microscope, the implant was delivered to surgeons for implantation.
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Books on the topic "Computer numerically controlled (CNC) machines"

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Stanley, Gabrel, ed. Programming of computer numerically controlled machines. Industrial Press, 1992.

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Evans, Ken. Programming of computer numerically controlled machines. 2nd ed. Industrial Press, 2001.

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Programming of computer numerically controlled machines. 3rd ed. Industrial Press, 2007.

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The CNC cookbook: An introduction to the creation and operation of computer controlled mills, router tables, lathes, and more / E. Hess. Scited Publications, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Computer numerically controlled (CNC) machines"

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Huda, Zainul. "Computer Numerically Controlled Machining." In Machining Processes and Machines. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003081203-17.

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Xu, Xun. "Program CNCs." In Integrating Advanced Computer-Aided Design, Manufacturing, and Numerical Control. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-714-0.ch009.

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A CNC machine can be programmed in different ways to machine a workpiece. In addition to creating the cutting program, many other factors also need to be considered or programmed. These include workholding devices, cutting tools, machining conditions as well as the machining strategy. The first generation CNCs were programmed manually and punched tapes were used as a medium for transferring the machine control data (MCD), that is, G-codes into a controller. Tapes were later replaced by RS232 cables, floppy disks, and finally standard computer network cables. Today’s CNC machines are controlled directly from files created by CAD/CAM or CAM software packages, so that a part or assembly can go directly from design to manufacturing without the need of producing a drafted paper drawing of the component. This means that for the first time, bringing design and manufacturing under the same automation regime becomes a reachable target. Error detection features give CNC machines the ability to alert the operator in different ways including giving a ring to the operation’s mobile phone if it detects that a tool has broken. While the machine is awaiting replacement on the tool, it would run other parts that are already loaded up to that tool and wait for the operator. The focus of this chapter is on a detailed account of the basics of CNC programming, and the emphasis is on G-code and Automatic Programming Tool (APT). G-code is still the dominant manual programming language for CNC machine tools. It is also the main form of control commands many CAD/CAM (or CAM) systems output. APT was developed soon after G-codes and CNC machine tools were developed to alleviate the drudgery work of straight G-code programming. Modern CAD/CAM systems these days are now becoming the main-stream tools for CNC programming.
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Ruttico, Pierpaolo. "Innovative Construction Systems." In Additive Manufacturing. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9624-0.ch002.

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With the emergence of a new materialism in architecture and as a result of the ongoing advancements in digital technologies, computer numerically controlled (CNC) fabrication and 3D-printing are rapidly gaining popularity within the building construction industry. Robots, CNC machines, and algorithmic programming allow us to create new construction systems and innovative designs that otherwise might not be possible. This chapter analyzes adaptive and flexible systems that facilitate the design and the production processes of mass-customized building components through digital fabrication and assembly. The aspiration is to achieve morphological complexity and performance in material constituents: an engineering computational design process that envisions a sustainable built environment, with higher-level functionality and higher-level integration between material system and environment.
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Ruttico, Pierpaolo. "Innovative Construction Systems." In Advances in Media, Entertainment, and the Arts. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3993-3.ch017.

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With the emergence of a new materialism in architecture and as a result of the ongoing advancements in digital technologies, computer numerically controlled (CNC) fabrication and 3D-printing are rapidly gaining popularity within the building construction industry. Robots, CNC machines, and algorithmic programming allow us to create new construction systems and innovative designs that otherwise might not be possible. This chapter analyzes adaptive and flexible systems that facilitate the design and the production processes of mass-customized building components through digital fabrication and assembly. The aspiration is to achieve morphological complexity and performance in material constituents: an engineering computational design process that envisions a sustainable built environment, with higher-level functionality and higher-level integration between material system and environment.
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Xu, Xun. "CNC Machine Tools." In Integrating Advanced Computer-Aided Design, Manufacturing, and Numerical Control. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-714-0.ch008.

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The introduction of CNC machines has radically changed the manufacturing industry. Curves are as easy to cut as straight lines, complex 3-D structures are relatively easy to produce, and the number of machining steps that required human action has dramatically reduced. With the increased automation of manufacturing processes with CNC machining, considerable improvements in consistency and quality can be achieved. CNC automation reduced the frequency of errors and provided CNC operators with time to perform additional tasks. CNC automation also allows for more flexibility in the way parts are held in the manufacturing process and the time required to change the machine to produce different components. In a production environment, a series of CNC machines may be combined into one station, commonly called a “cell”, to progressively machine a part requiring several operations. CNC controller is the “brain” of a CNC machine, whereas the physical configuration of the machine tool is the “skeleton”. A thorough understanding of the physical configuration of a machine tool is always a priority for a CNC programmer as well as the CNC machine tool manufacturers. This chapter starts with a historical perspective of CNC machine tools. Two typical types of CNC machine tools (i.e. vertical and horizontal machining centres) are first discussed. Tooling systems for a CNC machine tool are integral part of a CNC system and are therefore elaborated. Also discussed are the four principal elements of a CNC machine tool. They are machine base, machine spindle, spindle drive, and slide drive. What letter should be assigned to a linear or rotary axis and what if a machine tool has two sets of linear axes? These questions are answered later in the chapter. In order for readers to better comprehend the axis and motion designations, a number of machine tool schematics are given.
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Li, Nanya, Guido Link, Junhui Ma, and John Jelonnek. "LiDAR Based Multi-Robot Cooperation for the 3D Printing of Continuous Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composite Structures." In Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde210024.

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3D printing of lightweight continuous carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CCFRP) in three dimensions changes the traditional composite manufacturing processes. The continuous carbon fibers reinforced plastic filament can be printed along the load transmission path and significantly improve the strength of composite structures. Compared to the three-axis computer numerical controlled (CNC) machine based printing process, industrial robots provide the possibility to manufacture complex, spatial and large-scale composite structures. Here, the concept to use multi-robot to print complex spatial CCFRP components simultaneously has been presented. More than one 6 degrees of freedom industrial robots can cooperate with each other and solve the contradiction between structural complexity and printing reachability. During the printing process, the deformation of composite structures may happen, especially for the self-supporting components. Thus, in this paper, a Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) method is introduced to detect the deformation of printed composite structure and the movements of two UR robots. To obtain the point clouds of the printed structure, a LiDAR camera D435i has been installed on one robot. A new approach by combining coordinate transformation and iterative-closest-point (ICP) algorithm has been developed to merge the point clouds collected from different shooting angles of the camera.
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Conference papers on the topic "Computer numerically controlled (CNC) machines"

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Piacenza, Joseph, Kenneth J. Faller, Bradley Regez, and Luisfernando Gomez. "Investigating Cyber-Physical Threats of Numerically Controlled Manufacturing Processes." In ASME 2020 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2020-22324.

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Abstract Motivated by cyber-physical vulnerabilities in precision manufacturing processes, there is a need to externally examine the operational performance of Computer Numerically Controlled (CNC) manufacturing systems. The overarching objective of this work is to design and fabricate a proof-of-concept CNC machine evaluation device, ultimately re-configurable to the mill and lathe machine classes. This device will assist in identifying potential cyber-physical security threats in manufacturing systems by identifying perturbations, outside the expected variations of machining processes, and comparing the desired command inputted into the numerical controller and the actual machine performance (e.g., tool displacement, frequency). In this directed research, a device design is presented based on specific performance requirements provided by the project sponsor. The first design iteration is tested on a Kuka KR 6 R700 series robotic arm, and machine movement comparisons are performed ex-situ using Keyence laser measurement sensors. Data acquisition is performed with a Raspberry Pi 4 microcomputer, controlled by custom, cross-platform Python code, and includes a touch screen human-computer interface. A device design adapted for a CNC mill is also presented, and the Haas TM-2 is used as a case study, which can be operated by technicians to check CNC machine accuracy, as needed, before a critical manufacturing process.
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Yamada, Honoka, Kazuki Sawatani, Yoshitaka Morimoto, Naohiko Suzuki, and Yoshiyuki Kaneko. "Vibration Control of Computer Numerically Controlled Lathe With CFRP Pipe Frame." In ASME 2017 12th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the JSME/ASME 2017 6th International Conference on Materials and Processing. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2017-2756.

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A new computer numerically controlled lathe containing a carbon fiber-reinforced plastic pipe frame was developed in this study. The pipe frame structure is lightweight and allows the machine size and stiffness to be adjusted by varying the parameters of the frame structure. Furthermore, using carbon fiber-reinforced plastic instead of steel improves the heat deformation properties of the frame. When employing a pipe frame structure for machine tools, structural vibration can be problematic. In particular, the relative vibration between the tool and the workpiece must be suppressed to improve the accuracy of the machined surface. To achieve this vibration suppression, an actuator driven by piezoelectric elements was installed in the frame of the developed CNC lathe structure to counteract the vibration at specific modes by applying active vibration control. As a result of using the proposed vibration control method, the vibration amplitude was reduced by up to 88.6% compared with that without control. Additionally, the circularity of workpiece was improved by 27%.
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Bering, Tom, Stephen C. Veldhuis, Greg Bryson, and Peter Detmers. "Closed-Loop Feedback Control of Production Part Errors." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-39088.

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This paper presents a new supervisory controller, designed to meet or exceed the tight quality specifications required of high-volume production parts. The process optimizing controller takes Co-ordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) data collected on Statistical Process Control (SPC) samples. It analyses the data and updates the program on a Computer Numerically Controlled (CNC) milling machine to optimize the overall production process. Part specifications, including dimensions between cast and machined features, are controlled through feedback. The controller improved process capability (Cp), and by targeting the mean on the nominal dimension it significantly improved the capability index (Cpk).
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Zarifmansour, Sepehr, and Rudolf Seethaler. "Considering Machining Tolerances in High Speed Corner Tracking." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-46047.

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Growing industrial demand for faster machine tools, makes feed-rate and trajectory optimization a challenging problem in machining processes. One of the most challenging machining operations for computer numerically controlled (CNC) machine tools is corner tracking. In this scenario, most of the conventional feed-rate optimization approaches sacrifice speed for accuracy. This paper, proposes a new feed-rate and trajectory optimization algorithm for CNC machines. At each corner of the trajectory, the presented algorithm regenerates the trajectory, using a circular move within a desired tolerance limit. Then, a new feed rate optimization method is employed, which enables the machine tool to travel at the maximum feasible velocity through the corners, while taking acceleration constraints into account. Experimental results for different desired tolerances indicate that the new algorithm achieves significantly shorter travel times than the theoretical minimum time trajectory with zero tolerance.
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Lin, Chan-Rong, Bokai Chen, and Chinedum E. Okwudire. "Reduction of Rapid Positioning Time by Reference Path Modification: A Preliminary Investigation." In ASME 2014 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the JSME 2014 International Conference on Materials and Processing and the 42nd North American Manufacturing Research Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2014-1002.

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This paper presents a preliminary investigation into a method for reducing servo delays that occur after the execution of rapid positioning commands in computer numerically controlled (CNC) machines. A model of the machine’s dynamics is used to predict the servo error resulting from a prescribed rapid positioning command. Based on this information, the reference path is extended by an amount calculated to ensure that the predicted error falls within a user-specified threshold in the shortest possible time. The proposed method is shown in simulations to significantly shorten rapid positioning time compared to the industry-standard approach of compensating for servo delays by pausing motion until servo errors fall within user-specified thresholds. However, experiments reveal the need for further research to enhance the versatility and robustness of the method.
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Kirk, J. A., D. K. Anand, M. Anjanappa, and W. K. Rickert. "The Use of IGES in Rapid and Automated Design Prototyping." In ASME 1988 Design Technology Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1988-0004.

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Abstract The Initial Graphic Exchange Specification (IGES) for design data and the EIA standard M and G Codes for Numerically Controlled machines (N/C) is used to develop an automated interface between existing computer aided design systems and N/C manufacturing systems. The Flexible Manufacturing Protocol, developed at the University of Maryland, outlines such an interface to control automated manufacturing cells used for prototyping quick design changes. This paper demonstrates one application of the protocol, developing an automated IGES to CNC interface to control a 3 axis CNC machining center given the geometric representation of the part in IGES format. Wireframe representations of 2-1/2 dimensional parts, composed of linear elements, are the primary tools used for design representation. The automated production of the sample part, presented in this paper, demonstrates that rapid prototyping is possible using an IGES design data file as input to the protocol.
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El-Mounayri, Hazim A., Eugenia Fernandez, and Tamer Wasfy. "Development of an Online Virtual Reality-Based Advanced Manufacturing Curriculum for Use in Professional Certification." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-69147.

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An innovative online module in advanced manufacturing is developed based on a state-of-the-art virtual reality learning tool. The Advanced Virtual Manufacturing Laboratory (AVML) is a collaborative web-based virtual learning environment for integrated lecture and lab delivery which focuses on advanced machining using Computer Numerically Controlled (CNC) machine tools. The system seamlessly and synergistically integrates multimedia lecture, interactive 3D simulation, and realistic experimentation in a virtual reality environment. The development involves three main elements: a simulator for CNC milling and lathe machines, a virtual-environment display engine, and an intelligent-agent engine. The virtual reality environment provides training in different modes on different operating procedures with the help of an intelligent virtual tutor. The AMVL content was designed to lead to certification. With the help of a NIMS certified practitioner the curriculum is refined to ensure a successful pathway to certification. Support for this pathway to certification is provided by the results of a quasi-experimental randomized study to assess the learning effectiveness of the curriculum content of the AVML. The development of the AVML, its pathway to certification, and the results of the learning effectiveness of the online virtual reality environment are presented in this paper.
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Baldovino, Renann G., and Jayson P. Rogelio. "A pulse-width modulation (PWM) LASER power controller for the 3-axis computer numerically-controlled (CNC) LASER machine: Support program for the productivity and competitiveness of the metals and engineering industries." In 2014 International Conference on Humanoid, Nanotechnology, Information Technology, Communication and Control, Environment and Management (HNICEM). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hnicem.2014.7016245.

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9

Max, Antonin, Lubos Rehounek, and Tomas Keckstein. "Finite Element Analysis of a CNC Milling Machine Frame." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-65613.

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A computer numerically controlled (CNC) milling center is a machine tool for the production of parts with planar, cylindrical and shaped surfaces. The milling center analyzed here includes an open frame — a structure resembling the shape of the letter C. The main cutting motion is performed by a tool clamped in the spindle. Secondary motion can be linear, rotary or a combination of these. Linear movements in three axes are performed by the tool by means of linear motion components (i.e. motion screws and linear guide rails). Rotary motion is performed only when the workpiece is clamped to the rotary table which is mounted on the mounting plate. The basic demands placed on the structure of a milling center include high static and dynamic stiffness during machining processes. This article is primarily aimed at evaluating the response of the frame of the CNC milling machine to the excitation caused by the fluctuation of cutting forces due to step changes in the number of engaged cutting edges. To ensure optimum machining conditions it is important to set suitable cutting conditions for a frame structure with sufficient stiffness. Unsuitable cutting conditions and low stiffness of the machine frame may lead to dimensional inaccuracies of the workpiece, to decreased quality of the machined surfaces or even to the destruction of the tool cutting edges. The aims of the study include the determination of the static deformation, modal analysis to assess the dynamic properties of the frame, and harmonic response analysis, taking into consideration the amplitudes of the loading forces specified in accordance with the recommended operating conditions of the individual tools. Finite element method (FEM) analyses of the frame were performed using MSC.Marc software. Due to the high structural complexity of the computer aided design (CAD) model, the computational model for the FEM analysis had to be simplified. Only the major structural parts and the connecting parts were meshed in detail, combining both structured and unstructured mesh. Geometrically complicated cast parts with large changes of thickness were meshed with linear tetrahedral elements (tetra4) with full integration. Rotationally symmetrical parts, plates and linear guide rails components were meshed with linear brick elements (hex8) with full integration. The overall number of elements was approximately 1,400,000. Tools, including the clamping head and the spindle, are represented by approximate meshes of brick elements. However, a detailed FEM model of the spindle and the tool would be needed for the analysis of the self-excited oscillations during machining, which is the subject of a large number of scientific publications. Increased attention was paid to the incorporation and set-up of the springs between corresponding pairs of nodes of the meshed linear motion components. As a computational model for modal and harmonic response analyses needs to be strictly linear, only linear elastic material properties and linear springs were defined in the analyses presented here.
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Tsay, Der-Min, and Chien-Wen Chen. "Improving Rough Cutting Efficiency for Machining of Impellers." In ASME Turbo Expo 2004: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2004-54025.

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A procedure that can be used to generate rough cutting tool paths with minimized variations of material removal rates (MRRs) is developed for 5-axis ball end milling of centrifugal compressor impellers. Based on the geometric model of impellers, the detailed processes in finding the cutter contact (CC) points with equal spacing for step interval between two adjacent tool paths and a constant depth between two neighboring cutting layers are presented. The developed system can considerably improve productivity and lower production costs in rough machining since the time required can be reduced by minimizing the waste tool paths. Simulation and machining tests by a 5-axis computer numerically controlled (CNC) milling machine are performed to illustrate the procedure and its advantages.
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