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Citron, Judith Linda. "Cognitive processes of novice computer programmers." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1985. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10019556/.
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Anderson, Steven Schuyler. "Is there a shortage of computer programmers/systems analysts? an examination of the empirical evidence /." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 1990. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA240588.
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Thesis (M.S. in Information Systems)--Naval Postgraduate School, September1990.<br>Thesis Advisor(s): Haga, William J. Second Reader: Mehay, Stephen L. "September 1990." Description based on title screen viewed on December 16, 2009. DTIC Descriptor(s): Computer personnel, shortages, programmers, analysts, systems analysis, theses, computers, specialists. DTIC Identifier(s): Computer programs, systems analysis, specialists, shortages, theses. Author(s) subject terms: Programmer, systems analysis, shortage, shortfall. Includes bibliographical references (p. 29-30). Also available in print.
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Srirangarajan, Ananth Lall Pradeep Umphress David A. "The scrum process for independent programmers." Auburn, Ala, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1617.
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Warley, John. "The selection of computer programmers : an assessment of fairness." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15979.
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Bibliography: pages 87-91.<br>The shortage of skilled computer staff in South Africa has reached critical proportions. Not only is commerce unable to recruit enough manpower with the required experience and expertise, they are also posed with the problem of high turnover and remunerating a small number of people in excess of their market value. In contrast to this phenomena, South Africa has a vastly under-utilised "other than "white" population of Matriculants and Technikon diplomates. It is hypothesised that the skilled shortage in computer programming could be overcome if more applicants out of this labour segment were given entry level jobs and trained to be productive and competent. This study attempts to address the difficulties of the under-utilised manpower resources by looking at the entry level requirements for computer programmers. Since for industry as a whole, aptitude tests are used on applicants for entry level programmers, one of these tests, viz. the National Institute of Personnel Research General Aptitude Battery was investigated. It was hypothesised that the instrument was an unfair selection tool· as most "other than white" applicants evaluated did not perform as well as the white applicants. The sample comprised of technikon students who had passed at least their first year of the Computer Data Processing Diploma. Thirty five were selected and matched from a white and forty three from a so-called "coloured" institution. The results of this cross cultural research design in a field setting were statistically analysed and findings were that the "coloured" group scored far lower than that of the white group. Therefore, the researcher concluded that the test battery was not a good predictor of success and should not be used across population groups, as it could lead to an unfair labour practice. It was proposed instead that a biographical structured interview guide based on the accomplishments of applicants ·be used to supplement the test results. In so doing the researcher suggested that dimensions of success for a programmer be probed for, during the interview rather than concentrating purely on an aptitude test which could be seen as unfair.
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Cunningham, Lynn T. "A comparison of the organizational strategies of multilingual computer programmers." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43839.
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see document<br>The objective of this study was to determine whether computer programmers would organize reserved words by programming language or by conceptual category, when given an opportunity to use either strategy. Twenty-seven participants, stratified by programming
experience level (novice, intermediate, and expert), were given sixteen reserved words on index cards. The words were taken from four programming languages, as well as six conceptual categories. Participants were given both a recognition and a recall task.
Organizing the words by conceptual category enabled the expert programmers to perform significantly better on the recall task than experts who organized by language. In addition, they made fewer recognition errors, and had more structured recall, in terms of recalling the words by the categories in which they were studied.
Expert computer programmers, similar to natural language multilinguals, can recall more (reserved) words when they are organized by conceptual categories rather than by (programming) language. It is hypothesized that this is because human memory is organized in a fundamentally interdependent (across languages) manner in many domains other than natural language, such as computer programming.<br>Master of Arts
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Nevins, Cole. "The effect of correspondence highlighting on novice programmer instruction." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2009. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Spring2009/c_nevins_042409.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in computer science)--Washington State University, May 2009.<br>Title from PDF title page (viewed on May 26, 2009). "School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science." Includes bibliographical references (p. 64-72).
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Milner, Walter William. "Concept development in novice programmers learning Java." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1670/.
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It is hypothesised that the development of concepts in formal education can be understood through the ideas of non-literal language and conceptual integration networks. The notions of concept, understanding and meaning are examined in some depth from philosophical, psychological and linguistic standpoints. The view that most concepts are grasped through non-literal means such as metaphor and conceptual blend is adopted. The central contention is that this applies both to everyday ideas and to those presented to students in formal educational contexts, and that consequently such learning is best seen in those terms. Such learning is not founded upon literal language, but a construction by the student of a complex network of metaphor and conceptual blends. This is examined in the context of students learning programming, in particular in the language Java. The hypothesis is tested by analysing transcribed interviews with a wide range of students, triangulated with an examination of teaching materials, and the data is shown to be consistent with the hypothesis. However the approach is fundamental and is not concerned with specific features of programming or Java, so that conclusions are relevant across a wide range of disciplines, especially mathematics, science and engineering. The thesis provides a new way of examining course design and learning materials including lectures and textbooks. Discourse which might seem to be literal is in fact metaphorical and blended, since it is in that way that the expert community understands the ideas. The students’ construction of corresponding blends is on the basis of their learning experience, and course design features such as examples can be explained and evaluated in such terms.
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Bertholf, Christopher Forrest. "Comprehension of Literate Programs by Novice and Intermediate Programmers." PDXScholar, 1993. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4572.
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The studies reported herein compare comprehension of Ut style literate programs to that of traditional modular programs documented by embedded comments. Novice and intermediate programmers participated in three experiments designed to determine the comprehensibility of literate programs written using a language-independent system for abstraction-oriented literate programming compared with programs written using traditional modular programming techniques (traditional modular programs). Programs were written in either the C or FORTRAN programming language. Half of the subjects in each group received a literate program, while the other half received a traditional modular program with embedded documentation. Subjects received a problem specification, input and output specifications, and a language reference for use in the study. Subjects were asked to perform a program maintenance task (complete an incomplete program). The maintenance task was used as a measure of comprehension; it simulates an actual task in the software engineering industry that requires program comprehension in order to be completed. The elapsed time to effect a solution was recorded. The completed programs were judged as correct, functionally correct with syntax errors, or incorrect; several reconstructive program comprehension measures were also collected and analyzed_ The clear overall result was that subjects using the literate programs found a solution (correct or functionally correct with syntax errors) more often than did subjects using the traditional modular programs with embedded comments. In fact, none of the subjects in this study who modified the traditional programs were able to effect a solution that was totally correct, nor even one that was functionally correct with syntax errors.
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Berglund, Erik. "Library Communication Among Programmers Worldwide." Doctoral thesis, Linköping : Dep. of Computer and Information Science, Univ, 2002. http://www.ep.liu.se/diss/science_technology/07/58/index.html.
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Lau-Kee, David Andrew. "Visual and by-example interactive systems for non-programmers." Thesis, University of York, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.238670.
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Tula, Naveen. "An Empirical Study of How Novice Programmers Use the Web." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc849754/.
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Students often use the web as a source of help for problems that they encounter on programming assignments.In this work, we seek to understand how students use the web to search for help on their assignments.We used a mixed methods approach with 344 students who complete a survey and 41 students who participate in a focus group meetings and helped in recording data about their search habits.The survey reveals data about student reported search habits while the focus group uses a web browser plug-in to record actual search patterns.We examine the results collectively and as broken down by class year.Survey results show that at least 2/3 of the students from each class year rely on search engines to locate resources for help with their programming bugs in at least half of their assignments;search habits vary by class year;and the value of different types of resources such as tutorials and forums varies by class year.Focus group results exposes the high frequency web sites used by the students in solving their programming assignments.
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Prather, James. "Beyond Automated Assessment: Building Metacognitive Awareness in Novice Programmers in CS1." Diss., NSUWorks, 2018. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/gscis_etd/1030.
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The primary task of learning to program in introductory computer science courses (CS1) cognitively overloads novices and must be better supported. Several recent studies have attempted to address this problem by understanding the role of metacognitive awareness in novices learning programming. These studies have focused on teaching metacognitive awareness to students by helping them understand the six stages of learning so students can know where they are in the problem-solving process, but these approaches are not scalable. One way to address scalability is to implement features in an automated assessment tool (AAT) that build metacognitive awareness in novice programmers. Currently, AATs that provide feedback messages to students can be said to implement the fifth and sixth learning stages integral to metacognitive awareness: implement solution (compilation) and evaluate implemented solution (test cases). The computer science education (CSed) community is actively engaged in research on the efficacy of compile error messages (CEMs) and how best to enhance them to maximize student learning and it is currently heavily disputed whether or not enhanced compile error messages (ECEMs) in AATs actually improve student learning. The discussion on the effectiveness of ECEMs in AATs remains focused on only one learning stage critical to metacognitive awareness in novices: implement solution. This research carries out an ethnomethodologically-informed study of CS1 students via think-aloud studies and interviews in order to propose a framework for designing an AAT that builds metacognitive awareness by supporting novices through all six stages of learning. The results of this study provide two important contributions. The first is the confirmation that ECEMs that are designed from a human-factors approach are more helpful for students than standard compiler error messages. The second important contribution is that the results from the observations and post-assessment interviews revealed the difficulties novice programmers often face to developing metacognitive awareness when using an AAT. Understanding these barriers revealed concrete ways to help novice programmers through all six stages of the problem-solving process. This was presented above as a framework of features, which when implemented properly, provides a scalable way to implicitly produce metacognitive awareness in novice programmers.
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Case, Desmond Robert. "An animated pedagogical agent for assisting novice programmers within a desktop computer environment." Thesis, Staffordshire University, 2012. http://eprints.staffs.ac.uk/1979/.
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Learning to program for the first time can be a daunting process, fraught with difficulty and setback. The novice learner is faced with learning two skills at the same time each that depends on the other; they are how a program needs to be constructed to solve a problem and how the structures of a program work towards solving a problem. In addition the learner has to develop practical skills such as how to design a solution, how to use the programming development environment, how to recognise errors, how to diagnose their cause and how to successfully correct them. The nature of learning how to program a computer can cause frustration to many and some to disengage before they have a chance to progress. Numerous authorities have observed that novice programmers make the same mistakes and encounter the same problems when learning their first programming language. The learner errors are usually from a fixed set of misconceptions that are easily corrected by experience and with appropriate guidance. This thesis demonstrates how a virtual animated pedagogical agent, called MRCHIPS, can extend the Beliefs-Desires-Intentions model of agency to provide mentoring and coaching support to novice programmers learning their first programming language, Python. The Cognitive Apprenticeship pedagogy provides the theoretical underpinning of the agent mentoring strategy. Case-Based Reasoning is also used to support MRCHIPS reasoning, coaching and interacting with the learner. The results indicate that in a small controlled study when novice learners are assisted by MRCHIPS they are more productive than those working without the assistance, and are better at problem solving exercises, there are also manifestations of higher of degree of engagement and learning of the language syntax.
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daSilva, Amanda L. "When Education Matters Less: Estimating the Relative Return to Education for Computer Programmers." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/550.
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Many argue that formal degrees are not necessary to be successful in the technology industry, and further argue that self-taught computer programmers are more productive than formally taught computer programmers. This sentiment is supported by the examples of industry leaders such as Bill Gates, Steve Jobs, and Mark Zuckerberg. This study examines the possible effects of this attitude on the returns to education for computer programmers. The empirical analysis finds that the wage return to formal education for computer programmers is less than for most other occupations including STEM and degree-dominated professions. These differences are attributed to the smaller impact of signaling through educational attainment on wages in the technology industry as well as the perceived ability to substitute the human capital accumulated through formal education with self-teaching and experience.
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MacHaffie, Scott Andrew. "Difficulties Experienced Procedural Programmers Encounter When Transferring to an Object-oriented Programming Paradigm." PDXScholar, 1993. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4621.
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Experienced procedural programmers seem to have difficulty when transferring from a procedural language to an object-oriented language. The problem is how to assist the experienced procedural programmers to make this shift. The long term goal of this research is to identify areas where programmers have problems and to develop an automated system to help them overcome these difficulties. This study examines the class designs produced by procedural programmers and the effect of specifications and domain knowledge on class designs. Two types of specifications were used: those written from a procedural point of view which emphasized the functions and those written from an object-oriented view which highlights the domain entities. In addition, the problem specifications were selected from three different domains in order to assess the effect of domain familiarity. Data was collected using paper and pencil designs and through verbal protocols. The class designs were analyzed to see if the different types produced could be classified and to determine the effect of specification type and domain knowledge.
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Lund, Geoffrey. "Quality aspects of the program development process used by learner programmers." Thesis, Abertay University, 2002. https://rke.abertay.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/6e6c8128-f8de-466a-9ee4-262a7ca9e1bf.
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Much research in the area of computer programming education has examined the product (program) produced by the novice, measured it and sought ways to improve it. Little regard has been given to the process by which the novice has produced the product. This is in sharp contract to the main teaching in software engineering that stresses the importance of process rather than the product. This thesis initially developed and validated a set of metrics that allowed the measurement of the personal software development process (PSDP). These metrics allow comparison between different personal software development processes. In this thesis an experiment is reported where a group of novices were given feedback during the development of the program that sought to improve the PSDP. The results showed a significant improvement in the PSDP is achieved against a control group. Investigation into the relationship between the process and the product indicates that there is no correlation between the process metrics and the product metrics save for the measurement of correctness; a program developed well tends to be more correct than one that is not. Other product quality measures are unaffected by the quality of the process. This replicates results recorded in the literature. The thesis concludes by proposing a unified framework of programming knowledge that includes 4 levels of knowledge (syntactic, semantic, schematic and strategic) each with two levels (declarative and procedural). The work in this thesis is used to justify the inclusion of strategic knowledge in the framework. This work has implications for deliverers of computer programming education be they lecturers or providers of computer aided learning packages in providing a framework for the learning of novice programmers and especially emphasising the importance of the personal software development process.
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Hu, Jun. "The relationship between hypermedia features and the learning style/cognitive control of hypermedia developers." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 1999. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=691.
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Thesis (Ed. D.)--West Virginia University, 1999.<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 99 p. : ill. (some col.) Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 76-80).
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Dorn, Brian James. "A case-based approach for supporting the informal computing education of end-user programmers." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/37275.
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Software development is no longer a task limited to professionally trained computer programmers. Increasing support for software customization through scripting, the opening of application programmer interfaces on the Web, and a growing need for domain specific application support have all contributed to an increase in end-user programming. Unfortunately, learning to program remains a challenging task, and the majority of end-user programmers lack any formal education in software development. Instead, these users must piece together their understanding of programming through trial and error, examples found online, and help from peers and colleagues.
While current approaches to address the difficulties facing end-user programmers seek to change the nature of the programming task, I argue that these challenges often mirror those faced by all novice programmers. Thus, pedagogical solutions must also be explored. This dissertation work investigates the challenges that end-user programmers face from a computer science education perspective. I have engaged in a cycle of learner-centered design to answer the high-level questions: What do users know; what might they need to know; how are they learning; and how might we help users discover and learn what they need or want to know? In so doing, I uniquely frame end-user programming challenges as issues related to knowledge and understanding about computer science. Rather than building new languages or programming tools, I address these difficulties through new types of instructional materials and opportunities for felicitous engagement with them.
This work is contextualized within a specific domain of non-traditional programmers: graphic and web designers who write scripts as part of their careers. Through an in-depth, learner-centered investigation of this user population, this dissertation makes five specific contributions: (1) A detailed characterization of graphic and web design end-user programmers and their knowledge of fundamental computing concepts. (2) An analysis of the existing information space that graphic and web designers rely on for help. (3) The implementation of a novel case-based learning aid named ScriptABLE that is explicitly designed to leverage existing user practices while conveying conceptual knowledge about programming. (4) Initial confirmatory evidence supporting case-based learning aids for the informal computing education of web and graphic design end-user programmers. (5) An argument in support of the value of normative computing knowledge among informally trained programmers.
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Harwood, Philip Andrew. "Software development and continual change : a programmer's attitude problem." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/21883.
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Software forms around a requirement. Defining this requirement is often regarded as the hardest part of software engineering. The requirement however has an additional complexity as, once defined, it will change with time. This change of requirement can come either from the user, or from the rapid advances in 'computer' technology. How then can software succeed to continue to remain 'current' both in terms of requirements and technology in this forever changing environment? This thesis examines the issues surrounding 'change' as applied to software and software engineering. Changing requirements are often deemed a 'curse' placed upon software engineers. It has been suggested, however, that the problems associated with change exist only in the attitude of software engineers. This is perhaps understandable considering the training methods and tools available to supposedly 'help' them. The evidence shows that quality of management and experience of personnel involved in development contribute more significantly to the success of a development project than any technical aspect. This unfortunately means that the process is highly susceptible to staff turnover which, if uncontrolled, can lead to pending disaster for the users. This suggests a 'better' system would be developed if 'experience' was maintained at a process level, rather that at an individual level. Conventional methods of software engineering are based upon a defined set of requirements which are determined at the beginning of the software process. This thesis presents an alternative paradigm which requires only a minimal set of requirements at the outset and actively encourages changes and additional requirements, even with a mature software product. The basis of this alternative approach is the fonn of the 'requirements specification' and the capturing and re-use of the 'experience' maintained by the software process itself.
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Vogts, Dieter. "The evaluation of a pedagogical-program development environment for Novice programmers : a comparative study." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/638.
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It is an acknowledged fact that many novice programmers experience difficulty in the process of learning to program. One of the contributing factors to this difficulty is the Program Development Environment (PDE). Professional-PDEs are those developed specifically for professional programmers, but are often used by educational institutions in the instruction of programming. It has long been accepted that such environments are inappropriate in the instruction of programming due to unnecessary complexity and lack of support for novice programmers in the learning process. Numerous pedagogical-PDEs supporting the mechanics of programming have been developed in response to this. A review of literature, however, indicates that very limited empirical studies comparing pedagogical-PDEs and professional-PDEs have been conducted. The current study investigates whether there are measurable benefits to using a pedagogical-PDE supporting the mechanics of programming in the instruction of programming instead of a professional-PDE. A comparative study of this nature requires a representative pedagogical-PDE and representative professional-PDE be compared with one another. The first part of the current study determines a set of requirements that a pedagogical- PDE should adhere to based on literature. A set of representative features for a pedagogical-PDE is derived by examining the features of existing PDEs in conjunction with the set of requirements. Based on these features, a pedagogical-PDE, known as SimplifIDE, is developed that implements the representative set of features and that meets are the requirements for a pedagogical-PDE. The second part of the current study is the specification and administration of an empirical experiment in which SimplifIDE and Borland© DelphiTM are compared with one another. A holistic approach in determining the differences between the PDEs is taken and three main areas are examined, namely academic performance, perceptions and programming behavior.
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Coull, Natalie J. "SNOOPIE : development of a learning support tool for novice programmers within a conceptual framework." Thesis, St Andrews, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/522.
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Funcke, Matthew. "Developing high-fidelity mental models of programming concepts using manipulatives and interactive metaphors." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1017929.
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It is well established that both learning and teaching programming are difficult tasks. Difficulties often occur due to weak mental models and common misconceptions. This study proposes a method of teaching programming that both encourages high-fidelity mental models and attempts to minimise misconceptions in novice programmers, through the use of metaphors and manipulatives. The elements in ActionWorld with which the students interact are realizations of metaphors. By simple example, a variable has a metaphorical representation as a labelled box that can hold a value. The dissertation develops a set of metaphors which have several core requirements: metaphors should avoid causing misconceptions, they need to be high-fidelity so as to avoid failing when used with a new concept, students must be able to relate to them, and finally, they should be usable across multiple educational media. The learning style that ActionWorld supports is one which requires active participation from the student - the system acts as a foundation upon which students are encouraged to build their mental models. This teaching style is achieved by placing the student in the role of code interpreter, the code they need to interpret will not advance until they have demonstrated its meaning via use of the aforementioned metaphors. ActionWorld was developed using an iterative developmental process that consistently improved upon various aspects of the project through a continual evaluation-enhancement cycle. The primary outputs of this project include a unified set of high-fidelity metaphors, a virtual-machine API for use in similar future projects, and two metaphor-testing games. All of the aforementioned deliverables were tested using multiple quality-evaluation criteria, the results of which were consistently positive. ActionWorld and its constituent components contribute to the wide assortment of methods one might use to teach novice programmers.
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Jenkins, Joseph A. "Facilitating software reuse by structuring the SPS user interface management system's software library according to programmer mental models." Diss., This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-164519/.
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Buyrukoglu, Selim. "Semi-automated assessment of programming languages for novice programmers." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2018. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/33669.
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There has recently been an increased emphasis on the importance of learning programming languages, not only in higher education but also in secondary schools. Students of a variety of departments such as physics, mathematics and engineering have also started learning programming languages as part of their academic courses. Assessment of students programming solutions is therefore important for developing their programming skills. Many Computer Based Assessment (CBA) systems utilise multiple-choice questions (MCQ) to evaluate students performance. However, MCQs lack the ability to comprehensively assess students knowledge. Thus, other forms of programming solutions are required to assess students knowledge. This research aims to develop a semi-automated assessment framework for novice programmers, utilising a computer to support the marking process. The research also focuses on ensuring the consistency of feedback. A novel marking process model is developed based on the semi-automated assessment approach which supports a new way of marking, termed segmented marking . A study is carried out to investigate and demonstrate the feasibility of the segmented marking technique. In addition, the new marking process model is developed based on the results of the feasibility study, and two novel marking process models are presented based on segmented marking, namely the full-marking and partial-marking process models. The Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) cycle is adopted in the marking process models in order to ensure the consistency of feedback. User interfaces of the prototype marking tools (full and partial) are designed and developed based on the marking process models and the user interface design requirements. The experimental results show that the full and partial marking techniques are feasible for use in formative assessment. Furthermore, the results also highlight that the tools are capable of providing consistent and personalised feedback and that they considerably reduce markers workload.
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Campbell, Vivian. "A model for systematically investigating relationships between variables that affect the performance of novice programmers." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2013. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1010.
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This research was motivated by an interest in novices learning to program
and a desire to understand the factors that affect their learning. The
traditional approach to performing such an investigation has been to select
factors which may be important and then perform statistical tests on a few
potential relationships. A new research model is proposed and tested to
ensure that a thorough and systematic investigation of the data is performed.
This thesis describes the data, defines the model and explains the
application and validation of the model.
The research process is managed by a control algorithm that is the heart of
the model. This algorithm is seeded by a hypothesis that connects two
variables of interest and dictates the testing of a series of hypotheses; as it
does this, it also delves deeper into the data to identify additional
relationships.
In this research the model was applied to investigate the relationships
between: learning style and achievement; programming behaviour and
achievement; and learning style and programming behaviour. Learning style
was assessed using Kolb’s Learning Style Inventory, achievement was
based on exam score and programming behaviour was extracted from a log
of student activities using a programming tool. The largest number of
significant relationships was found between aspects of behaviour and
achievement.
The model was validated by classifying the significant hypotheses based on
the research model’s tree structure, the section of the programming tool in
use and the literature. These three classification schemes provided a
structure to explore their similarities and differences. The model was thus
demonstrated to be robust and repeatable by comparing the results with
those from both using a programming tool, and expert opinion.
This research has revealed several attributes of the learning behaviour that
affected the students’ results within this group, including aspects of
timeliness and overall volume of activity. These are suitable targets for
future investigations.
The research model could be applied to other data sets where an in-depth
investigation into pairwise data is required.
.
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Hammons, Rebecca L. "Continuing professional education for software quality assurance." Muncie, Ind. : Ball State University, 2009. http://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/759.
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Truong, Nghi Khue Dinh. "A web-based programming environment for novice programmers." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2007. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16471/1/Nghi_Truong_Thesis.pdf.
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Learning to program is acknowledged to be difficult; programming is a complex intellectual activity and cannot be learnt without practice. Research has shown that first year IT students presently struggle with setting up compilers, learning how to use a programming editor and understanding abstract programming concepts. Large introductory class sizes pose a great challenge for instructors in providing timely, individualised feedback and guidance for students when they do their practice. This research investigates the problems and identifies solutions. An interactive and constructive web-based programming environment is designed to help beginning students learn to program in high-level, object-oriented programming languages such as Java and C#. The environment eliminates common starting hurdles for novice programmers and gives them the opportunity to successfully produce working programs at the earliest stage of their study. The environment allows students to undertake programming exercises anytime, anywhere, by "filling in the gaps" of a partial computer program presented in a web page, and enables them to receive guidance in getting their programs to compile and run. Feedback on quality and correctness is provided through a program analysis framework. Students learn by doing, receiving feedback and reflecting - all through the web. A key novel aspect of the environment is its capability in supporting small "fill in the gap" programming exercises. This type of exercise places a stronger emphasis on developing students' reading and code comprehension skills than the traditional approach of writing a complete program from scratch. It allows students to concentrate on critical dimensions of the problem to be solved and reduces the complexity of writing programs.
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Truong, Nghi Khue Dinh. "A web-based programming environment for novice programmers." Queensland University of Technology, 2007. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16471/.
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Learning to program is acknowledged to be difficult; programming is a complex intellectual activity and cannot be learnt without practice. Research has shown that first year IT students presently struggle with setting up compilers, learning how to use a programming editor and understanding abstract programming concepts. Large introductory class sizes pose a great challenge for instructors in providing timely, individualised feedback and guidance for students when they do their practice. This research investigates the problems and identifies solutions. An interactive and constructive web-based programming environment is designed to help beginning students learn to program in high-level, object-oriented programming languages such as Java and C#. The environment eliminates common starting hurdles for novice programmers and gives them the opportunity to successfully produce working programs at the earliest stage of their study. The environment allows students to undertake programming exercises anytime, anywhere, by "filling in the gaps" of a partial computer program presented in a web page, and enables them to receive guidance in getting their programs to compile and run. Feedback on quality and correctness is provided through a program analysis framework. Students learn by doing, receiving feedback and reflecting - all through the web. A key novel aspect of the environment is its capability in supporting small "fill in the gap" programming exercises. This type of exercise places a stronger emphasis on developing students' reading and code comprehension skills than the traditional approach of writing a complete program from scratch. It allows students to concentrate on critical dimensions of the problem to be solved and reduces the complexity of writing programs.
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Athri, Ashima. "Integrating the Media Computation API with Pythy, an Online IDE for Novice Python Programmers." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/56564.
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Improvements in both software and curricula have helped introductory computer science courses attract and retain more students. Pythy is one such online learning environment that aims to reduce software setup related barriers to learning Python while providing facilities like course management and grading to instructors. To further enable its goals of being beginner-centric, we want to integrate full support for media-computation-style programming activities. The media computation curriculum teaches fundamental computer science concepts through the activities of manipulating images, sounds and videos, and has been shown to be successful in retaining students and helping them gain transferable knowledge.
In this work we tackle the first two installments of the problem namely, supporting image and sound-based media computation programs in Pythy. This involves not only client-side support that enables students to run media-computation exercises in the browser, but also server-side support to leverage Pythy's auto-grading facilities. We evaluated our implementation by systematically going through all 82 programs in the textbook that deal with image and sound manipulation and verifying if they worked in Pythy as-is, while complementing this with unit-tests for full test coverage. As a result, Pythy now supports 65 out of the 66 media-computation methods required for image and sound manipulation on both the client and the server-side, and 81 out of the 82 programs in the media-computation textbook can be executed as-is in Pythy.<br>Master of Science
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Hellmann, Jonathon David. "DataSnap: Enabling Domain Experts and Introductory Programmers to Process Big Data in a Block-Based Programming Language." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54544.
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Block-based programming languages were originally designed for educational purposes. Due to their low requirements for a user's programming capability, such languages have great potential to serve both introductory programmers in educational settings as well as domain experts as a data processing tool. However, the current design of block-based languages fails to address critical factors for these two audiences: 1) domain experts do not have the ability to perform crucial steps: import data sources, perform efficient data processing, and visualize results; 2) the focus of online assignments towards introductory programmers on entertainment (e.g. games, animation) fails to convince students that computer science is important, relevant, and related to their day-to-day experiences.
In this thesis, we present the design and implementation of DataSnap, which is a block-based programming language extended from Snap!. Our work focuses on enhancing the state of the art in block-based programming languages for our two target audiences: domain experts and introductory programmers. Specifically, in this thesis we: 1) provide easy-to-use interfaces for big data import, processing, and visualization methods for domain experts; 2) integrate relevant social media, geographic, and business-related data sets into online educational platforms for introductory programmers and enable teachers to develop their own real-time and big-data access blocks; and 3) present DataSnap in the Open edX online courseware platform along with customized problem definition and a dynamic analysis grading system. Stemming from our research contributions, our work encourages the further development and utilization of block-based languages towards a broader audience range.<br>Master of Science
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Khalil, Omar Elnadi M. "An Empirical Investigation of the Impact of Cognitive Complexity and Experience of Programmers, and Program Complexity on Program Comprehension and Modification." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1986. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331368/.
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The psychological characteristics of programmers are believed to be important determinants of programming productivity. However, little evidence is available to support this contention. This investigation, motivated by the lack of such evidence, was concerned with determining the influence of the programmer's cognitive complexity (differentiation and integration) and experience on comprehending and modifying programs of different levels of complexity. Data were collected from ninty-three graduate and undergraduate students in a classroom experimental setting. In the first phase of the experiment, a background questionnaire was administered in order to collect experience and other demographic information. Also, a domain-specific Role Construct Repertory (REP) Test was administered to collect cognitive complexity information. In the second phase, the subjects were randomly assigned to either the program comprehension group or to the program modification group. Both groups used two COBOL programs of differing levels of complexity to do comprehension and modification exercises. Three sets of hypotheses were tested. The first set of hypotheses was designed to evaluate the direction and strength of the relationship between cognitive complexity and program comprehension and modification. The second set of hypotheses was designed to evaluate the combined influence of cognitive complexity and program complexity on the comprehension and modification of the programs. The third set of hypotheses was designed to evaluate the moderating effect of experience on the relationship of cognitive complexity to program comprehension and modification. Cognitive integration was found to have a significant and positive nonlinear relationship only with the relatively complex program modification scores. The subjects who were ranked high in cognitive integration performed better than those ranked low in modifying the relatively complex program; but they performed the same in modifying the relatively simple program. Cognitive differentiation was found to have no significant relationship with either comprehension scores or modification scores. Experience of the subjects did not significantly moderate the relationship of cognitive complexity and program comprehension and modification.
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Cilliers, Charmain Barbara. "A comparison of programming notations for a tertiary level introductory programming course." Thesis, University of Port Elizabeth, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1019679.
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Increasing pressure from national government to improve throughput at South African tertiary education institutions presents challenges to educators of introductory programming courses. In response, educators must adopt effective methods and strategies that encourage novice programmers to be successful in such courses. An approach that seeks to increase and maintain satisfactory throughput is the modification of the teaching model in these courses by adjusting presentation techniques. This thesis investigates the effect of integrating an experimental iconic programming notation and associated development environment with existing conventional textual technological support in the teaching model of a tertiary level introductory programming course. The investigation compares the performance achievement of novice programmers using only conventional textual technological support with that of novice programmers using the integrated iconic and conventional textual technological support. In preparation for the investigation, interpretation of existing knowledge on the behaviour of novice programmers while learning to program results in a novel framework of eight novice programmer requirements for technological support in an introductory programming course. This framework is applied in the examination of existing categories of technological support as well as in the design of new technological support for novice programmers learning to program. It thus provides information for the selection of existing and the design of new introductory programming technological support. The findings of the investigation suggest strong evidence that performance achievement of novice programmers in a tertiary level introductory programming course improves significantly with the inclusion of iconic technological support in the teaching model. The benefits are particularly evident in the portion of the novice programmer population who have been identified as being at risk of being successful in the course. Novice programmers identified as being at risk perform substantially better when using iconic technological support concurrently with conventional textual technological support than their equals who use only the latter form. Considerably more at risk novice programmers using the integrated form of technological support are in fact successful in the introductory programming course when compared with their counterparts who use conventional textual technological support only. The contributions of this thesis address deficiencies existing in current documented research. These contributions are primarily apparent in a number of distinct areas, namely: • formalisation of a novel framework of novice programmer requirements for technological support in an introductory programming course; • application of the framework as a formal evaluation technique; • application of the framework in the design of a visual iconic programming notation and development environment; • enhancement of existing empirical evidence and experimental research methodology typically applied to studies in programming; as well as • a proposal for a modified introductory programming course teaching model. The thesis has effectively applied substantial existing research on the cognitive model of the novice programmer as well as that on experimental technological support. The increase of throughput to a recommended rate of 75 percent in the tertiary level introductory programming course at the University of Port Elizabeth is attributed solely to the incorporation of iconic technological support in the teaching model of the course.
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Mahmoudi, Dillon. "Making Software, Making Regions: Labor Market Dualization, Segmentation, and Feminization in Austin, Portland and Seattle." PDXScholar, 2017. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3768.
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Through mixed-methods research, this dissertation details the regionally variegated and place-specific software production processes in three second-tier US software regions. I focus on the relationship between different industrial, firm, and worker production configurations and broad-based economic development, prosperity, and inequality. I develop four main empirical findings.
First, I argue for a periodization of software production that tracks with changes in software laboring activity, software technologies, and wage-employment relationships. Through a GIS-based method, I use the IPUMS-USA to extensively measure the amount and type of software labor in industries across the US between 1970 and 2015. I map the uneven geography of software labor that produces different clusters of various software occupations. Second, I argue that between each software period, locational windows provide an opportunity for second-tier software regions to challenge Silicon Valley. I combine the IPUMS-USA dataset with interviews of software workers to analyze forms of regionally specific modes of production in Seattle, Washington, Portland, Oregon, and Austin, Texas. I trace how software production in these three cities evolves between each software period, taking on different spatial configurations, firm strategies, labor practices, and technological characteristics. Third, I argue that software labor is hyper-sensitive to deskilling because of software production activity produces software. I combine occupation classifications and interviews with software workers to interrogate the ever-present need for software workers to learn the newest development practices and software languages as firms seek to automate software production. I define five key moments since the 1970s that exemplify software labor market dualization and segmentation.
Using interviews, and conference observations, I find that community-based organizations and labor market intermediaries locally mitigate the structural tendencies toward labor market dualization and segmentation. I argue that without intervention, the layered and bifurcated labor market for software production reproduces existing inequalities. Further, the organizational, technological, and spatial changes in software production reduce the potential for equitable wealth production. Ultimately, this dissertation argues for the importance of labor organizing in software, contributing empirical and theoretical work in a lineage of regional-based industrial restructuring literature. The regional and industrial geographies produced by and out of software production are significant forces in the economy at regional and national scales. I connect this process to the feminization of other industries, noting how the technical nature of software production structurally genders and racializes the labor force. Leveraging a labor feminization framework highlights the flexibilization of labor and the rift between the pace of software skill building and technological development.
Both software production and regional economies are necessary entry points to understand new capitalist relations. Understanding these new relations thus requires examining how configurations of software production differ across regions, how they impact industry and regional economic development outcomes, and how they weaken or strengthen actions of local workers, local organizations, and local firms. These processes offer a glimpse into how the contemporary moment of production differs from other moments of production. Armed with this understanding, this research will be able to connect industry and regional economic-development outcomes to regionally specific modes of production, answering relevant software-based economic-development policy questions.
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Law, Lai-chong. "Empirical studies of program bugs and debugging strategies of novice BASIC programmers and the transferability of debugging skills to non-programming domains." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1992. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29789102.
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Moorcroft, Karen. "Equity among male and female engineers." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=26695.
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The following research used data from the SSE to determine whether socialization or discrimination can explain the lower status of female engineers, compared to men. It was learned that female engineers with children are as committed to their careers as childless female engineers. Moreover, there is no difference in income or job status between these two groups. There is also no significant difference in income between male and female engineers when controlling for employment status, degree, job status and experience. However, female engineers are not found in management positions as often as their male colleagues, even after controlling for experience. This lower job status, in turn, affects the women's incomes. A reason for the lower status of female engineers is likely due to engineering being very male-dominated. No such difference in job status exists in the field of computer science, where the proportion of women is much higher.
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Vickers, Paul. "CAITLIN : implementation of a musical program auralisation system to study the effects on debugging tasks as performed by novice Pascal programmers." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1999. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/10560.
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In recent years, researchers have begun to focus on the communication of information using sound. This auditory display research community now has its own community and international conference (the International Conference on Auditory Display). Auditory Display embraces many interesting avenues of enquiry, one of which, program auralisation is the topic of this thesis. This thesis describes how the technique of program auralisation (the mapping of computer program data and events to sound) was applied within a musical framework and .context in the development of a musical program auralisation system called CAITLIN (the Computer Audio Interface to Locate Incorrect Nonsense). The motivation behind the construction of CAITLIN was to devise a system of auditory display that would assist novice Pascal programmers in debugging their code. Prior to this thesis, almost no experimentation had been carried out into this area. Earlier systems had been developed, but there was no empirical evidence against which to judge success or failure. Experimentation was carried out to assess the suitability of the technique as applied by CAITLIN. Novice programmers were engaged in several debugging exercises both with and without the assistance of the CAITLIN musical program auralisations. The results from the experiments have suggested circumstances in which such auditory feedback may indeed be useful. Further development and experimentation needs to be carried out to explore the potential of the technique. A set of organising principles for the use of music in program auralisation has been proposed on the basis of this research and a review of earlier work in the auditory display, music cognition, and music-theoretic fields.
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Thompson, Errol Lindsay. "How do they understand? Practitioner perceptions of an object-oriented program : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Education (Computer Science) at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." Massey University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/854.
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In the computer science community, there is considerable debate about the appropriate sequence for introducing object-oriented concepts to novice programmers. Research into novice programming has struggled to identify the critical aspects that would provide a consistently successful approach to teaching introductory object-oriented programming. Starting from the premise that the conceptions of a task determine the type of output from the task, assisting novice programmers to become aware of what the required output should be, may lay a foundation for improving learning. This study adopted a phenomenographic approach. Thirty one practitioners were interviewed about the ways in which they experience object-oriented programming and categories of description and critical aspects were identified. These critical aspects were then used to examine the spaces of learning provided in twenty introductory textbooks. The study uncovered critical aspects that related to the way that practitioners expressed their understanding of an object-oriented program and the influences on their approach to designing programs. The study of the textbooks revealed a large variability in the cover of these critical aspects.
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Jacobi, Darlene Marion. "Gender and grade similarities and differences in elementary school students in language referring to computers and computer programmes." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28243.
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A four month qualitative study was conducted to investigate gender and grade similarities and differences in language; spoken, written and other symbols (art), referring to computers and computer programmes, among elementary school students.
The subjects were a heterogeneous intact grade one class of twenty-five students and a heterogeneous intact grade six/seven class of twenty-one students from a small, lower socio-economic school in a large urban centre in British Columbia.
Data was gathered over a period of four months through individual and group interviews and, from student responses to broad general questions, in the form of art, journal entries and creative writing.
The study took place in the classrooms and in the computer laboratory which consisted of fifteen Commodore 64 computers and three printers. Programmes used were LOGO, KIDWRITER and two district developed programmes, EDITOR (word processing) and MUSIC SHOP.
From the analysis of the data clear categories emerged. Findings suggest that: (1) students viewed the world of technology as largely a male domain/ (2) students did not view the use of computers as extraordinary but as a normal part of the everyday school experience/ (3) girls were dissatisfied with the limitations of the programmes, desiring those which featured the Arts and stressed creativity/ (4) Grade Six/Seven boys desired programmes with highly competitive, video-game formats in Mathematics and Spelling/ (5) boys realized the potential of the computer to be used to perform aggressive/violent acts/ (6) Grade One girls desired a computer laboratory environment resembling a spring garden/ (7) Grade Six/Seven girls believed they would be doing word processing as a part of their future jobs/ (8) Grade Six/Seven boys viewed word processing as a tool which would enable them to perform their "real" careers more effectively/and (9) Grade One students preferred typing stories on the computer to printing them by hand.<br>Education, Faculty of<br>Curriculum and Pedagogy (EDCP), Department of<br>Graduate
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Buchhalter-Thomas, Edith. "Das Entwerfen von Computer-Programmen : eine psychologische Untersuchung zu seelischen Produktionsprozessen beim Entwerfen von Computer-Programmen /." Köln : Druck, 1996. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40037628t.
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Anderson, Gabrielle. "Behavioural properties and dynamic software update for concurrent programmes." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2013. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/353281/.
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Software maintenance is a major part of the development cycle. The traditional methodology for rolling out an update to existing programs is to shut down the system, modify the binary, and restart the program. Downtime has significant disadvantages. In response to such concerns, researchers and practitioners have investigated how to perform update on running programs whilst maintaining various desired properties. In a multi-threaded setting this is further complicated by the interleaving of different threads' actions. In this thesis we investigate how to prove that safety and liveness are preserved when updating a program. We present two possible approaches; the main intuition behind each of these is to find quiescent points where updates are safe. The first approach requires global synchronisation, and is more generally applicable, but can delay updates indefinitely. The second restricts the class of programs that can be updated, but permits update without global synchronisation, and guarantees application of update. We provide full proofs of all relevant properties.
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Murphy-Hill, Emerson. "Programmer Friendly Refactoring Tools." PDXScholar, 2009. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2672.
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Tools that perform semi-automated refactoring are currently under-utilized by programmers. If more programmers adopted refactoring tools, software projects could make enormous productivity gains. However, as more advanced refactoring tools are designed, a great chasm widens between how the tools must be used and how programmers want to use them. This dissertation begins to bridge this chasm by exposing usability guidelines to direct the design of the next generation of programmer-friendly refactoring tools, so that refactoring tools fit the way programmers behave, not vice-versa.
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Naeem, Nomair A. "Programmer-friendly decompiled Java." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=101644.
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Java decompilers convert Java class files to Java source. Common Java decompilers are javac-specific decompilers since they target bytecode produced from a particular javac compiler. We present work carried out on Dava, a tool-independent decompiler that decompiles bytecode produced from any compiler. A known deficiency of tool-independent decompilers is the generation of complicated decompiled Java source which does not resemble the original source as closely as output produced by javac-specific decompilers. This thesis tackles this short-coming, for Dava, by introducing a new back-end consisting of simplifying transformations.<br>The work presented can be broken into three major categories: transformations using tree traversals and pattern matching to simplify the control flow, the creation of a flow analysis framework for an Abstract Syntax Tree (AST) representation of Java source code and the implementation of flow analyses with their use in complicated transformations.<br>The pattern matching transformations rewrite the ASTs to semantically-equivalent ASTs that correspond to code that is easier for programmers to understand. The targeted Java constructs include If and If-Else aggregation, for-loop creation and the removal of abrupt control flow. Pattern matching using tree traversals has its limitations. Thus, we introduce a new structure-based data flow analysis framework that can be used to gather information required by more complex transformations. Popular compiler analyses e.g., reaching definitions, constant propagation etc. were implemented using the framework. Information from these analyses is then leveraged to perform more advanced AST transformations.<br>We performed experiments comparing different decompiler outputs for different sources of bytecode. The results from these experiments indicate that the new Dava back-end considerably improves code comprehensibility and readability.
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Chozos, Nick. "An investigation into error detection and recovery in UK National Health Service screening programmes." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2009. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1094/.
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The purpose of this thesis is to gain an understanding of the problems that may impede detection and recovery of NHS laboratory screening errors. This is done by developing an accident analysis technique that isolates and further analyzes error handling activities, and applying it in four case studies; four recent incidents where laboratory errors in NHS screening programmes resulted in multiple misdiagnoses over months or even years. These errors resulted in false yet plausible test results, thus being masked and almost impossible to detect in isolated cases. This technique is based on a theoretical framework that draws upon cognitive science and systems engineering, in order to explore the impact of plausibility on the entire process of error recovery. The four analyses are then integrated and compared, in order to produce a set of conclusions and recommendations. The main output of this work is the “Screening Error Recovery Model”; a model which captures and illustrates the different kinds of activities that took place during the organizational incident response of these four incidents. The model can be used to analyze and design error recovery procedures in complex, inter-organizational settings, such as the NHS, and its Primary/Secondary care structure.
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Raley, John B. "Factors Affecting the Programming Performance of Computer Science Students." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36716.
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Two studies of factors affecting the programming performance of first- and second year Computer Science students were conducted. In one study students used GIL, a simple application framework, for their programming assignments in a second-semester programming course. Improvements in student performance were realized. In the other study, students submitted detailed logs of how time was spent on projects, along with their programs. Software metrics were computed on the students' source code. Correlations between student performance and the log data and software metric data were sought. No significant indicators of performance were found, even with factors that are commonly expected to indicate performance. However, results from previous research concerning variations in individual programmer performance and relationships between software metrics were obtained.<br>Master of Science
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Žídek, Marek. "Založení a rozvoj školicího střediska." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-371792.
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Document describes foundation and development of computer training center. It introduces the reader to the development process and the structure of business plan in the beginning. The process starts with SLEPTE analysis, customer research and simple financial analysis. The result of previous three analyses is SWOT analysis. SWOT analysis recommends author to continue in the business plan development. Therefore, documents describe more accurate and detailed analyses specialized to computer professional courses in the region of Brno and surrounding cities. Next, it describes company strategy according to the results of analyses. Marketing and financial parts of the strategy are the most stressed ones. The reader is very deeply familiarized with company product and their price policy. The last pages of document present steps required to successfully implement company strategy.
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Revelle, Meghan Kathleen. "An Investigation of Programmer-Identified Concerns." W&M ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626844.
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Stach, Heike. "Zwischen Organismus und Notation : zur kulturellen Konstruktion des Computer-Programms /." Wiesbaden : Dt. Univ.-Verl, 2001. http://www.gbv.de/dms/bs/toc/323688373.pdf.
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Oberem, Graham Edmund. "An intelligent computer-based tutor for elementary mechanics problems." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001997.
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ALBERT, an intelligent problem-solving monitor and coach, has been developed to assist students solving problems in one-dimensional kinematics. Students may type in kinematics problems directly from their textbooks. ALBERT understands the problems, knows how to solve them, and can teach students how to solve them. The program is implemented in the TUTOR language and runs on the Control Data mainframe PLATO system. A natural language interface was designed to understand kinematics problems stated in textbook English. The interface is based on a pattern recognition system which is intended to parallel a cognitive model of language processing. The natural language system has understood over 60 problems taken directly from elementary Physics textbooks. Two problem-solving routines are included in ALBERT. One is goal-directed and solves the problems using the standard kinematic equations. The other uses the definition of acceleration and the relationship between displacement and average velocity to solve the problems. It employs a forward-directed problem-solving strategy. The natural language interface and both the problem-solvers are fast and completely adequate for the task. The tutorial dialogue system uses a modified version of the natural language interface which operates in a two-tier fashion. First an attempt is made to understand the input with the pattern recognition system, and if that fails, a keyword matching system is invoked. The result has been a fairly robust language interface. The tutorial is driven by a tutorial management system (embodying a tutorial model) and a context model. The context model consists of a student model, a tutorial status model and a dynamic dialogue model. ALBERT permits a mixed initiative dialogue in the discussion of a problem. The system has been tested by Physics students in more than 80 problemsolving sessions and the results have been good. The response of the students has been very favourable
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Yamanoe, Mayara Cristina Pereira. "Formação para o trabalho, pelo trabalho e para além do trabalho: análise dos processos formativos de programadores de software da região Sudoeste do Paraná." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2018. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/3100.
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Essa pesquisa teve por objetivo central analisar a formação de programadores de software do Arranjo Produtivo Local (APL) de Tecnologia da Informação (TI), da região sudoeste do Paraná. Considerando a emergência desse setor a partir da década de 1990 no Brasil e, posteriormente, seu fortalecimento na região sudoeste desse Estado na última década, esforços foram empreendidos na constituição de processos formativos para o atendimento das demandas de qualificação da força de trabalho no setor. Atrelada à existência do APL, a oferta de cursos de graduação em instituições públicas e privadas da região nos levaram a considerar os processos formativos na área de Tecnologia da Informação um objeto a ser explorado, especialmente a partir de uma perspectiva dos estudos de trabalho e educação, perpassando os estudos de Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade. Diante disso, buscamos entender como é realizada a formação e qualificação para o trabalho na área, tanto nos cursos de graduação como na própria prática produtiva, analisando a aderência ou não das Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) às demandas do setor produtivo. Destacamos, ainda, os processos de autoqualificação pelos quais passam os programadores de software, entendidos por nós como ampliação da exploração dessa força de trabalho. Pautados na orientação teórico-metodológica do materialismo histórico e dialético, realizamos análise de referências sobre a temática, de documentos orientadores para os cursos de graduação e dos dados obtidos na pesquisa de campo, que contou com questionários e entrevistas com programadores de software da região e entrevistas com coordenadores de cursos de graduação da área de TI. Diante disso, entre tantas questões, pudemos concluir a existência de um tríplice e constante processo de formação desses trabalhadores, composto pela educação formal, a aprendizagem na prática produtiva e a autoqualificação. Esses processos, permeados ideologicamente pelos discursos de empreendedorismo, são naturalizados levando à intensificação do trabalho e da aprendizagem. Dessa maneira, há uma ampliação da exploração de sua força de trabalho, que, ao qualificar-se constantemente, implica diretamente na produção de mais-valia relativa.<br>The main objective of this research was to analyze the training of software programmers from the Local Productive Arrangement (APL) of Information Technology (IT), in the southwestern region of Paraná. Considering the emergence of this sector from the 1990s in Brazil and later its strengthening in the southwestern region of the State of Paraná in the last decade, efforts were made in the constitution of formative processes to meet the demands of qualification of the workforce in the sector. Linked to the existence of APL, the offer of undergraduate courses in public and private institutions in the region led us to consider the training processes in the area of Information Technology an object to be explored, especially from a perspective of work and education studies , passing through the studies of Science, Technology and Society. Therefore, we seek to understand how the training and qualification for the work in the area is carried out, both in the undergraduate courses and in the productive practice itself, analyzing the adherence or not of Higher Education Institutions (IES) to the demands of the productive sector. We also highlight the self-qualification processes through which software programmers, understood by us as an expansion of the exploitation of this workforce, pass. Guided by the theoretical-methodological orientation of the dialectical historical materialism, we carried out an analysis of references on the subject, of guiding documents for the undergraduate courses and of the data obtained in the field research, which included questionnaires and interviews with software programmers from the region and interviews with coordinators of undergraduate IT courses. Faced with this, among many questions, we could conclude the existence of a threefold and constant process of training these workers, composed of formal education, learning in productive practice and self-qualification. These processes, permeated ideologically by the discourses of entrepreneurship, are naturalized leading to the intensification of work and learning. In this way, there is an expansion of the exploitation of its workforce, which, by constantly qualifying, directly implies the production of relative surplus value.
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Kenyon, John L. "CHIMP the C/C++ hybrid imperative meta-programmer /." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2008. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1453647.
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