Journal articles: 'Computer programming. Human-machine systems'

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Asada, Harichiko, Clifford C. Federspiel, and Sheng Liu. "Human Centered Control in Robotics and Consumer Product Design." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 115, no. 2B (June 1, 1993): 271–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2899067.

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Human factors in the control and programming of robots and electric appliances are addressed in this paper. Systems and control techniques for the enhancement of human-machine communication as well as learning and adaptation to human needs are described with exemplary case studies. First, fundamental issues and methodologies, as well as historical perspective of relevant fields, are summarized, and two case studies are then discussed. One is user-adaptable control of air conditioners, a new type of adaptive control that allows an air conditioner to learn the thermal preference of the user. The other is a user-friendly programming method for advanced robot control. A task-level adaptive control system is developed by acquiring control skills by direct communication with human experts. The importance of human-machine communication and its impact on product development are addressed from the systems and control point of view.

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Veksler, V. A. "CONSTRUCTION OF NEURAL NETWORKS IN ONLINE ENVIRONMENTS WHEN STUDYING THE CONTENT LINE "MODELING AND FORMALIZATION" IN THE LESSONS OF INFORMATICS AT SCHOOL." Informatics in school 1, no. 7 (October 30, 2020): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.32517/2221-1993-2020-19-7-21-24.

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Modeling as a universal approach to the study of the structure and behavior of complex objects is used in many academic disciplines, as it is a general didactic means of acquiring knowledge. A promising direction in the development of mathematical modeling is modeling the behavior of intelligent systems, which is being improved due to the introduction of new information technologies, telecommunication systems and the massive use of computer technology. Modeling takes on the functionality of a powerful and effective tool for researching a variety of intelligent systems from various fields of human activity. One of the most popular methods for studying the functioning of intelligent systems are machine learning methods for processing large amounts of data, in particular, the apparatus of neural networks. The article discusses the features of constructing the simplest neural networks by using the Teachable Machine online system and online compilers of programming languages in the classroom on computer modeling at school. Detailed examples of building neural network models in Python and C ++ programming languages are given.

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Li, Xiao Guang. "Research on the Development and Applications of Artificial Neural Networks." Applied Mechanics and Materials 556-562 (May 2014): 6011–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.556-562.6011.

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Intelligent control is a class of control techniques that use various AI computing approaches like neural networks, Bayesian probability, fuzzy logic, machine learning, evolutionary computation and genetic algorithms. In computer science and related fields, artificial neural networks are computational models inspired by animals’ central nervous systems (in particular the brain) that are capable of machine learning and pattern recognition. They are usually presented as systems of interconnected “neurons” that can compute values from inputs by feeding information through the network. Like other machine learning methods, neural networks have been used to solve a wide variety of tasks that are hard to solve using ordinary rule-based programming, including computer vision and speech recognition.

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Raouf, A., and Salih O. Duffuaa. "On Improving Human Reliability in Computer Programming." Kybernetes 22, no. 7 (July 1993): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb005997.

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STANKOVIC, NENAD, and KANG ZHANG. "VISUAL PROGRAMMING FOR MESSAGE-PASSING SYSTEMS." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 09, no. 04 (August 1999): 397–423. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194099000231.

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The attractiveness of visual programming stems in large part from the direct interaction with program elements as if they were real objects, since people deal better with concrete objects than with the abstract. This paper describes a new graph based software visualization tool for parallel message-passing programming named Visper that combines the levels of abstraction at which message-passing parallel programs are expressed and makes use of compositional programming. Central to the tool is the Process Communication Graph that correlates both the control and data flow graphs into a single graph formalism, without a need for complex textual annotation. The graph can express static and runtime communication and replication structures, as found in Message Passing Interface (MPI) and Parallel Virtual Machine (PVM). It also forms the basis for visualizing parallel debugging and performance.

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Koster, Alexis. "A functional programming-directed database machine." Information Sciences 50, no. 2 (March 1990): 151–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-0255(90)90009-y.

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Kennedy, Ken. "Compiler technology for machine-indepenent parallel programming." International Journal of Parallel Programming 22, no. 1 (February 1994): 79–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02577793.

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Lowe, P. J. "The Remodelling of Crewe Machine Shops: The Opus Programme." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Transport Engineering 202, no. 4 (October 1988): 265–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1988_202_184_02.

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This paper describes BREL's approach to cost effective small batch manufacture through the introduction of group technology machining cells, new computer systems for part programming and manufacturing control, and the standardization of tooling and raw material.

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Shen, Ruiqi, Donghee Yvette Wohn, and Michael J. Lee. "Programming Learners’ Perceptions of Interactive Computer Tutors and Human Teachers." International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET) 15, no. 09 (May 15, 2020): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v15i09.12445.

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People often learn programming in face-to-face courses or online tutorials. Interactive computer tutors---systems that provide learning content interactively---are becoming more common in online tools such as those teaching computer programming. Studies have shown that teachers, interactive computer tutors, and the combination of both are efficient and effective in teaching programming. However, there is limited understanding of the comparative perspectives of learners learning from these two different sources. We conducted an exploratory study using semi-structured interviews and recruited 20 participants with programming experience from both teachers and interactive computer tutors. Speaking with our participants, we surfaced factors that learners like and dislike from the two learning resources and discussed the strengths and weaknesses between the two. Based on our findings, we discuss implications for designs that programming educators and interactive computer tutor developers can use to improve their teaching effectiveness.

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Sokolov, I. A. "Theory and practice in artificial intelligence." Вестник Российской академии наук 89, no. 4 (April 24, 2019): 365–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869-5873894365-370.

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Artificial Intelligence is an interdisciplinary field, and formed about 60 years ago as an interaction between mathematical methods, computer science, psychology, and linguistics. Artificial Intelligence is an experimental science and today features a number of internally designed theoretical methods: knowledge representation, modeling of reasoning and behavior, textual analysis, and data mining. Within the framework of Artificial Intelligence, novel scientific domains have arisen: non-monotonic logic, description logic, heuristic programming, expert systems, and knowledge-based software engineering. Increasing interest in Artificial Intelligence in recent years is related to the development of promising new technologies based on specific methods like knowledge discovery (or machine learning), natural language processing, autonomous unmanned intelligent systems, and hybrid human-machine intelligence.

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Talbi, El-Ghazali. "Combining metaheuristics with mathematical programming, constraint programming and machine learning." 4OR 11, no. 2 (July 2013): 101–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10288-013-0242-3.

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Batchelor, Bruce G., and Paul F. Whelan. "Real-time colour recognition in symbolic programming for machine vision systems." Machine Vision and Applications 8, no. 6 (December 1, 1995): 385–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001380050020.

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Batchelor, Bruce G., and Paul F. Whelan. "Real-time colour recognition in symbolic programming for machine vision systems." Machine Vision and Applications 8, no. 6 (November 1995): 385–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01213500.

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Bazzi, Wafaa Ahmad. "Philosophy of dividing the Computer Science into Several fields." International Journal Of Engineering And Computer Science 7, no. 03 (March 26, 2018): 23796–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijecs/v7i3.24.

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There are many divisions of philosophy named the philosophy of a domain where domains going from history to physics. This essay proposes some issues that might constitute the philosophy of computer science as architecture of computer, divide the science into hardware and software, programming languages, operating systems, network architecture, security, privacy, and of protect the machine by anti-virus

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Refenes, Apostolos N. "Parallelism in knowledge-based machines." Knowledge Engineering Review 4, no. 1 (March 1989): 53–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269888900004744.

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AbstractThe application area of knowledge-based expert systems is currently providing the main stimulus for developing powerful, parallel computer architectures. Languages for programming knowledge-based applications divide into four broad classes: Functional languages (e.g. LISP), Logic languages (e.g. PROLOG), Rule-Based languages (e.g. OPS5), and, what we refer to as self-organizing networks (e.g. BOLTZMANN machines).Despite their many differences, a common problem for all language classes and their supporting machine architectures is parallelism: how to de-compose a single computation into a number of parallel tasks that can be distributed across an ensemble of processors. The aim of this paper is to review the four types of language for programming knowledge-based expert systems, and their supporting parallel machine architectures. In doing so we analyze the concepts and relationships that exist between the programming languages and their parallel machine architectures in terms of their strengths and limitations for exploiting parallelization.

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Moummadi, Kamal, Rachida Abidar, and Hicham Medromi. "Distributed Resource Allocation." International Journal of Mobile Computing and Multimedia Communications 4, no. 2 (April 2012): 49–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jmcmc.2012040104.

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The growth of technological capabilities of mobile devices, the evolution of wireless communication technologies, and the maturity of embedded systems contributed to expand the Machine to machine (M2M) concept. M2M refers to data communication between machines without human intervention. The objective of this paper is to present the grand schemes of a model to be used in an agricultural Decision support System. The authors start by explaining and justifying the need for a hybrid system that uses both Multi-Agent System (MAS) and Constraint Programming (CP) paradigms. Then, the authors propose an approach for Constraint Programming and Multi-Agent System mixing based on controller agent concept. The authors present concrete constraints and agents to be used in a distributed architecture based on the proposed approach for M2M services and agricultural decision support. The platform is built in Java using general interfaces of both MAS and Constraint Satisfaction Problem (CSP) platforms and the conception is made by agent UML (AUML).

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Guerrero-Higueras, Ángel Manuel, Camino Fernández Llamas, Lidia Sánchez González, Alexis Gutierrez Fernández, Gonzalo Esteban Costales, and Miguel Ángel Conde González. "Academic Success Assessment through Version Control Systems." Applied Sciences 10, no. 4 (February 21, 2020): 1492. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10041492.

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Version control systems’ usage is a highly demanded skill in information and communication technology professionals. Thus, their usage should be encouraged by educational institutions. This work demonstrates that it is possible to assess if a student can pass a computer science-related subject by monitoring its interaction with a version control system. This paper proposes a methodology that compares the performance of several machine learning models so as to select the appropriate predicting model for the assessment of the students’ achievements. To fit predicting models, three subjects of the Degree in Computer Science at the University of León are considered to obtain the dataset: computer organization, computer programming, and operating systems extension. The common aspect of these subjects is their assignments, which are based on developing one or several programs with programming languages such as C or Java. To monitor the practical assignments and individual performance, a Git repository is employed allowing students to store source code, documentation, and supporting control versions. According to the presented experience, there is a huge correlation between the level of interaction for each student and the achieved grades.

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Junior, Clenio B. Gonçalves, and Murillo Rodrigo Petrucelli Homem. "Inductive logic programming applied for knowledge representation in computer music/ Programação lógica indutiva aplicada para representação do conhecimento em música computacional." Brazilian Applied Science Review 5, no. 4 (July 15, 2021): 1840–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.34115/basrv5n4-009.

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In Computer Music, the knowledge representation process is an essential element for the development of systems. Methods have been applied to provide the computer with the ability to generate conclusions based on previously established experience and definitions. In this sense, Inductive Logic Programming presents itself as a research field that incorporates concepts of Logic Programming and Machine Learning, its declarative character allows musical knowledge to be presented to non-specialist users in a naturally understandable way. The present work performs a systematic review based on approaches that use Inductive Logic Programming in the representation of musical knowledge. Questions that these studies seek to address were raised, as well as identifying characteristic aspects related to their application.

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Gunarto, Hary. "Apps-based Machine Translation on Smart Media Devices - A Review." IJCCS (Indonesian Journal of Computing and Cybernetics Systems) 13, no. 1 (January 31, 2019): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijccs.43066.

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Machine Translation Systems are part of Natural Language Processing (NLP) that makes communication possible among people using their own native language through computer and smart media devices. This paper describes recent progress in language dictionaries and machine translation commonly used for communications and social interaction among people or Internet users worldwide who speak different languages. Problems of accuracy and quality related to computer translation systems encountered in web & Apps-based translation are described and discussed. Possible programming solutions to the problems are also put forward to create software tools that are able to analyze and synthesize language intelligently based on semantic representation of sentences and phrases. Challenges and problems on Apps-based machine translation on smart devices towards AI, NLP, smart learning and understanding still remain until now, and need to be addressed and solved through collaboration between computational linguists and computer scientists.

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Cardoso, Rafael C., and Angelo Ferrando. "A Review of Agent-Based Programming for Multi-Agent Systems." Computers 10, no. 2 (January 27, 2021): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/computers10020016.

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Intelligent and autonomous agents is a subarea of symbolic artificial intelligence where these agents decide, either reactively or proactively, upon a course of action by reasoning about the information that is available about the world (including the environment, the agent itself, and other agents). It encompasses a multitude of techniques, such as negotiation protocols, agent simulation, multi-agent argumentation, multi-agent planning, and many others. In this paper, we focus on agent programming and we provide a systematic review of the literature in agent-based programming for multi-agent systems. In particular, we discuss both veteran (still maintained) and novel agent programming languages, their extensions, work on comparing some of these languages, and applications found in the literature that make use of agent programming.

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Flatt, Matthew, Robert Bruce Findler, Shriram Krishnamurthi, and Matthias Felleisen. "Programming languages as operating systems ( or revenge of the son of the lisp machine)." ACM SIGPLAN Notices 34, no. 9 (September 1999): 138–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/317765.317793.

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DiMaio, Simon P., Septimiu E. Salcudean, and Claude Reboulet. "A Virtual Environment for the Simulation and Programming of Excavation Trajectories." Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 10, no. 5 (October 2001): 465–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/105474601753132650.

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An excavator simulator has been developed to facilitate the training of human operators and to evaluate control strategies for heavy-duty hydraulic machines. The operator controls a virtual excavator by means of a joystick while experiencing visual and force feedback generated by environment and machine models. The simulator comprises an impedance model of the excavator arm, a model for the bucket-ground interaction forces, a graphically rendered visual environment, and a haptic interface. This paper describes the simulator components and their integration.

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Castro, J. L., F. Herrera, and J. L. Verdegay. "Knowledge-based systems and fuzzy boolean programming." International Journal of Intelligent Systems 9, no. 2 (1994): 211–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/int.4550090203.

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PHILIPPI, STEPHAN. "Visual Programming of Concurrent Object-Oriented Systems." Journal of Visual Languages & Computing 12, no. 2 (April 2001): 127–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jvlc.2000.0192.

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TRUONG, HONG-LINH, SCHAHRAM DUSTDAR, and KAMAL BHATTACHARYA. "CONCEPTUALIZING AND PROGRAMMING HYBRID SERVICES IN THE CLOUD." International Journal of Cooperative Information Systems 22, no. 04 (December 2013): 1341003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218843013410037.

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For solving complex problems, in many cases, software alone might not be sufficient and we need hybrid systems of software and humans in which humans not only direct the software performance but also perform computing and vice versa. Therefore, we advocate constructing "social computers" which combine software and human services. However, to date, human capabilities cannot be easily programmed into complex applications in a similar way like software capabilities. There is a lack of techniques to conceptualize and program human and software capabilities in a unified way. In this paper, we explore a new way to virtualize, provision and program human capabilities using cloud computing concepts and service delivery models. We propose novel methods for conceptualizing and modeling clouds of human-based services (HBS) and combine HBS with software-based services (SBS) to establish clouds of hybrid services. In our model, we present common APIs, similar to well-developed APIs for software services, to access individual and team-based compute units in clouds of HBS. Based on that, we propose a framework for utilizing SBS and HBS to solve complex problems. We present several programming primitives for hybrid services, also covering forming hybrid solutions consisting of software and humans. We illustrate our concepts via some examples of using our cloud APIs and existing cloud APIs for software.

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HINZE, THOMAS, RAFFAEL FASSLER, THORSTEN LENSER, and PETER DITTRICH. "REGISTER MACHINE COMPUTATIONS ON BINARY NUMBERS BY OSCILLATING AND CATALYTIC CHEMICAL REACTIONS MODELLED USING MASS-ACTION KINETICS." International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 20, no. 03 (June 2009): 411–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129054109006656.

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Biocomputing emerged as a promising paradigm capable of coping efficiently with challenges of programming decentralized but concerted reaction systems. The chemical programming metaphor subsumes different encoding techniques into molecular or spatial structures in conjunction with artificial reaction networks. Here, a variety of supplementary assumptions like predefined polymeric sequences or availability of inhibiting reactions is frequently used. Inspired by the idea to build chemical computers based on minimal requirements in chemistry from a theoretical perspective, we introduce a pure chemical register machine model operating on binary numbers. The register machine architecture is composed of reaction network motifs acting as fast switching logic gates, oscillators, and self-reproducible bit storage units. The dynamical machine behavior consistently employs mass-action kinetics. Two case studies, calculating the maximum of three natural numbers as well as numerical addition, illustrate the practicability of the design along with dynamical simulations.

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Li, Shen Peng, Xi Zhang, Ding Yi Sheng, and Zai Yuan Wang. "The Design of a Portable Online Detection Device for Vehicle-Mounted Optoelectronic Systems." Advanced Materials Research 926-930 (May 2014): 1444–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.926-930.1444.

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In order to provide optoelectronic systems with convenient and practical online fault detection methods and means and solve the maintenance problem of vehicle-mounted optoelectronic systems, this paper establishes the external conditions for system excitation and detection by taking the entire machine and circuit interfaces as the objects to be studied and the industrial personal computer as the hardware platform and using VC++ for programming, realizing online fault detection and location.

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Abu Naser, S., A. Ahmed, N. Al Masri, and Y. Abu Sultan. "Human Computer Interaction Design of the LP-ITS: Linear Programming Intelligent Tutoring Systems." International Journal of Artificial Intelligence & Applications 2, no. 3 (July 31, 2011): 60–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijaia.2011.2306.

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Chang, Shi-Kuo, Jinpeng Zhou, Akhil Yendluri, and Kadie Clancy. "Research Notes — Software Process Selection Based Upon Abstract Machines for Slow Intelligence Systems." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 29, no. 07 (July 2019): 1053–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194019500359.

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The abstract-machine model was developed by Chang to formalize the decision cycles of slow intelligence systems. It turns out that the selection of software process can also be regarded as a slow intelligence system. In this paper, we formalize abstract-machine prototypes for different software process models (SPMs) such as waterfall model, incremental model, spiral model, extreme programming model and scrum model. A Software Process Generator (SPG) was implemented to generate SPMs based upon design considerations. Initial evaluation by undergraduate students using SPG to learn software processes suggests further improvements to make it a useful learning tool.

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Ludwig, Lars, and David O'Sullivan. "Deploying Decision Support Systems Using Semantic Web Technologies." International Journal of Decision Support System Technology 2, no. 1 (January 2010): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jdsst.2010101604.

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Decision support systems are deployed in a wide variety of business applications using a variety of core technologies and programming languages. One of the more promising technologies to evolve in recent year has been the semantic web. The semantic web aims to create more intelligent and machine readable web pages and online applications. The technologies, programming languages and methods of the semantic web are now maturing and standards have emerged that allow semantic web technology to be deployed broadly across information technology industry and the programming community in particular. This paper outlines a set of requirements for programmers considering the development of decision support systems using semantic web technology. Current strategies across the research community are surveyed that deploy semantic web applications. From the discussion of these strategies, ten basic requirements are derived. These requirements combine technological, psychological and philosophical research ideas. By crossing traditional research boundaries, a broad perspective on deploying decision support systems that utilize semantic web technologies is created.

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Et. al., Syed Abdul Basit Andrabi,. "A Review of Machine Translation for South Asian Low Resource Languages." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 5 (April 10, 2021): 1134–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i5.1777.

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Machine translation is an application of natural language processing. Humans use native languages to communicate with one another, whereas programming languages communicate between humans and computers. NLP is the field that involves a broad set of techniques for analysis, manipulation and automatic generation of human languages or natural languages with the help of computers. It is essential to provide access to information to people for their development in the present information age. It is necessary to put equal emphasis on removing the barrier of language between different divisions of society. The area of NLP strives to fill this gap of the language barrier by applying machine translation. One natural language is transformed into another natural language with the aid of computers. The first few years of this area were dedicated to the development of rule-based systems. Still, later on, due to the increase in computational power, there was a transition towards statistical machine translation. The motive of machine translation is that the meaning of the translated text should be preserved during translation. This research paper aims to analyse the machine translation approaches used for resource-poor languages and determine the needs and challenges the researchers face. This paper also reviews the machine translation systems that are available for poor research languages.

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Pissanetzky, Sergio. "Reasoning with Computer Code: a new Mathematical Logic." Journal of Artificial General Intelligence 3, no. 3 (January 4, 2013): 11–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10229-011-0020-6.

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Abstract A logic is a mathematical model of knowledge used to study how we reason, how we describe the world, and how we infer the conclusions that determine our behavior. The logic presented here is natural. It has been experimentally observed, not designed. It represents knowledge as a causal set, includes a new type of inference based on the minimization of an action functional, and generates its own semantics, making it unnecessary to prescribe one. This logic is suitable for high-level reasoning with computer code, including tasks such as self-programming, objectoriented analysis, refactoring, systems integration, code reuse, and automated programming from sensor-acquired data. A strong theoretical foundation exists for the new logic. The inference derives laws of conservation from the permutation symmetry of the causal set, and calculates the corresponding conserved quantities. The association between symmetries and conservation laws is a fundamental and well-known law of nature and a general principle in modern theoretical Physics. The conserved quantities take the form of a nested hierarchy of invariant partitions of the given set. The logic associates elements of the set and binds them together to form the levels of the hierarchy. It is conjectured that the hierarchy corresponds to the invariant representations that the brain is known to generate. The hierarchies also represent fully object-oriented, self-generated code, that can be directly compiled and executed (when a compiler becomes available), or translated to a suitable programming language. The approach is constructivist because all entities are constructed bottom-up, with the fundamental principles of nature being at the bottom, and their existence is proved by construction. The new logic is mathematically introduced and later discussed in the context of transformations of algorithms and computer programs. We discuss what a full self-programming capability would really mean. We argue that self-programming and the fundamental question about the origin of algorithms are inextricably linked. We discuss previously published, fully automated applications to self-programming, and present a virtual machine that supports the logic, an algorithm that allows for the virtual machine to be simulated on a digital computer, and a fully explained neural network implementation of the algorithm.

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Greenberg, Mark, and Viv Woods. "Flagship—a parallel reduction machine for declarative programming." Computing & Control Engineering Journal 1, no. 2 (1990): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cce:19900022.

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Knudsen, TB, B. Klieforth, and W. Slikker. "Programming microphysiological systems for children’s health protection." Experimental Biology and Medicine 242, no. 16 (June 28, 2017): 1586–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1535370217717697.

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Microphysiological systems (MPS) and computer simulation models that recapitulate the underlying biology and toxicology of critical developmental transitions are emerging tools for developmental effects assessment of drugs/chemicals. Opportunities and challenges exist for their application to alternative, more public health relevant and efficient chemical toxicity testing methods. This is especially pertinent to children’s health research and the evaluation of complex embryological and reproductive impacts of drug/chemical exposure. Scaling these technologies to higher throughput is a key challenge and drives the need for in silico models for quantitative prediction of developmental toxicity to inform safety assessments. One example is cellular agent-based models, constructed from extant embryology, that produce data useful to simulate critical developmental transitions and thereby predict phenotypic consequences of disruption in silico. Biologically inspired MPS models built from human induced pluripotent stem (iPS)-derived cells and synthetic matrices that recapitulate organ-specific physiologies and native tissue architectures are providing exciting new research opportunities to advance the assessment of developmental toxicity and offer the possibility of deriving a full ‘human on a chip’ system, or a ‘Homunculus.’ Impact statement This ‘commentary’ summarizes research needs and opportunities for engineered MPS models for developmental and reproductive toxicity testing. Emerging concepts can be taken forward to a virtual tissue modeling framework for assessing chemical (and non-chemical) stressors on human development. These models will advance children’s health research, both basic and translational and new ways to evaluate complex embryological and reproductive impacts of drug and chemical exposures to inform safety assessments.

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Scekic, Ognjen, Tommaso Schiavinotto, Svetoslav Videnov, Michael Rovatsos, Hong-Linh Truong, Daniele Miorandi, and Schahram Dustdar. "A Programming Model for Hybrid Collaborative Adaptive Systems." IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 6–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tetc.2017.2702578.

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Čuboňová, Nadežda. "Utilization of CAD/CAM System Edgecam in Programming of CNC Milling Machine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 808 (November 2015): 280–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.808.280.

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Today's modern production already not does without sophisticated CAD/CAM system. The present CAD/CAM systems integrate part modelling and engineering design, proposal of technological documentation in the form of NC programs and operational management of production within a one computer system. Their utilization allows the programmer to create machining technology, to define the tool paths and to generate NC programs for very complex shape parts. The article focuses on the use of CAD/CAM system Edgecam, in the formation of the machining process for a milling Machine Emco Concept Mill (CM) 105. It describes the creation of postprocessor for Sinumerik 840D control system and its application and verifying in the production of specific components.

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Logendran, Rasaratnam. "A biary integer programming approach for simultaneous machine-part grouping in cellular manufacturing systems." Computers & Industrial Engineering 24, no. 3 (July 1993): 329–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0360-8352(93)90030-2.

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Midhu Bala, G., and K. Chitra. "Data Extraction and Scratching Information Using R." Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities 8, no. 3 (January 1, 2021): 140–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/sijash.v8i3.3588.

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Web scraping is the process of automatically extracting multiple WebPages from the World Wide Web. It is a field with active developments that shares a common goal with text processing, the semantic web vision, semantic understanding, machine learning, artificial intelligence and human- computer interactions. Current web scraping solutions range from requiring human effort, the ad-hoc, and to fully automated systems that are able to extract the required unstructured information, convert into structured information, with limitations. This paper describes a method for developing a web scraper using R programming that locates files on a website and then extracts the filtered data and stores it. The modules used and the algorithm of automating the navigation of a website via links are mentioned in this paper. Further it can be used for data analytics.

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Gürbüz, Riza. "Mechatronics Approach for Desk-Top CNC Milling Machine Design." Solid State Phenomena 144 (September 2008): 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.144.175.

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The marriage of computer, electronic technology and traditional machining disciplines has given birth to revolutionary new disciplines, Mechatronics. Therefore Mechatronics requires mechanical, electronic and computer knowledge together. The main aim of this article is to present the mechatronics approach for desk-top CNC milling machine design. Construction of computer controlled (CNC) Machine differs greatly from that of conventional machine tools. This difference arises from the requirement of higher performance levels. Machine Structure, guide ways, feed drives, spindle and spindle bearings, measuring systems, machine control unit, software and operator interface, gauging and tool monitoring should be considered as mechatronics approach. Servo motors, motor drivers and motor control unit were used in this CNC milling machine to make it flexible and easy programming. Ball screws were used to X-Y –Z axes to eliminate backlash of the slides. Non-contact home and Limit switches were used to prevent possible damages against over travels. Necessary torque and power have been calculated to select the motors by taking care of the load, ball screws, motor inertia and required cutting tools and etc. and developed CNC milling machine has been tested several times for reliable machining of machine parts.

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Brunete, Alberto, Carlos Mateo, Ernesto Gambao, Miguel Hernando, Jukka Koskinen, Jari M. Ahola, Tuomas Seppälä, and Tapio Heikkila. "User-friendly task level programming based on an online walk-through teaching approach." Industrial Robot: An International Journal 43, no. 2 (March 21, 2016): 153–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ir-05-2015-0103.

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Purpose – This paper aims to propose a new technique for programming robotized machining tasks based on intuitive human–machine interaction. This will enable operators to create robot programs for small-batch production in a fast and easy way, reducing the required time to accomplish the programming tasks. Design/methodology/approach – This technique makes use of online walk-through path guidance using an external force/torque sensor, and simple and intuitive visual programming, by a demonstration method and symbolic task-level programming. Findings – Thanks to this technique, the operator can easily program robots without learning every robot-specific language and can design new tasks for industrial robots based on manual guidance. Originality/value – The main contribution of the paper is a new procedure to program machining tasks based on manual guidance (walk-through teaching method) and user-friendly visual programming. Up to now, the acquisition of paths and the task programming were done in separate steps and in separate machines. The authors propose a procedure for using a tablet as the only user interface to acquire paths and to make a program to use this path for machining tasks.

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Yang, Xianfei, Xiang Yu, and Hui Lu. "Dual possibilistic regression models of support vector machines and application in power load forecasting." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 16, no. 5 (May 2020): 155014772092163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1550147720921636.

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Power load forecasting is an important guarantee of safe, stable, and economic operation of power systems. It is appropriate to use interval data to represent fuzzy information in power load forecasting. The dual possibilistic regression models approximate the observed interval data from the outside and inside directions, respectively, which can estimate the inherent uncertainty existing in the given fuzzy phenomenon well. In this article, efficient dual possibilistic regression models of support vector machines based on solving a group of quadratic programming problems are proposed. And each quadratic programming problem containing fewer optimization variables makes the training speed of the proposed approach fast. Compared with other interval regression approaches based on support vector machines, such as quadratic loss support vector machine approach and two smaller quadratic programming problem support vector machine approach, the proposed approach is more efficient on several artificial datasets and power load dataset.

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Dzeroski, Saso, and Ljupco Todorovski. "Discovering dynamics: From inductive logic programming to machine discovery." Journal of Intelligent Information Systems 4, no. 1 (January 1995): 89–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00962824.

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Kravchenko, I. I., and S. V. Bukharov. "Analysing Computer-Aided Manufacturing Systems and Optimising Work Sequence of Complex Shell Parts." Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, no. 7 (October 20, 2018): 31–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24108/0718.0001423.

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A track record in application of multi-operational CNC machines shows that their using is efficient only in the case of a significant increase in productivity rate and a dramatically reduced time-to-market of new products. Manufacturing capabilities of multi-operational machines (MOM) have been most completely revealed when machining the complex shell parts. The more complicated is a design of the part and the more is the number of its surfaces to be machined and the number of tools desirable for its machining and positioning, the more efficient is the use. One way to improve the MOM machining rate is to reduce nonproductive machine time by decreasing the mutual overlap processing of the movable operating elements of the machine.To solve this problem, the computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) systems have been analysed. The analysis has shown that their capabilities are wide enough, however, these systems can calculate only the total execution time of the main manufacturing steps, but cannot calculate the nonproductive machine time and minimise it. This conclusion suggests that the task of optimizing the processing sequence is relevant. The research has shown that the problem can be solved by dynamic programming methods, one of which is the solution of the traveling salesman problem (the Bellman’s method). With a known processing schedule of all the elementary surfaces of the shell part, i.e. the known number of the manufacturing steps to be performed, each step is represented as a vertex of some graph, and technological links between the vertices of its edges. A mathematical model developed on the Bellman principle, which is adapted to the manufacturing tasks allows us to minimise mutual overlap processing time of the operating elements of the machine to perform all the steps in the optimal sequence. Based on the MOM model (1000VBF), the mathematical model has passed tests when machining the shell part with 26 manufacturing steps to reach up to 12% reduction of the nonproductive machine time, as a result of optimization.

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Wang, X. J., and C. Butler. "The Use of a Machine Vision System in a Flexible Manufacturing Cell Incorporating an Automated Coordinate Measuring Machine." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 207, no. 3 (August 1993): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1993_207_081_02.

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The aim of this paper is to present a practical approach to the solution of problems associated with using an automated coordinate measuring machine (CMM) in a flexible manufacturing system (FMS) environment. The approach described uses machine vision and image processing techniques to permit transformations of the coordinate systems. In order to achieve flexible inspection, the system can recognize different workpieces by a quick matching method. The actual measuring path for the workpiece is derived from the original measuring path templates to allow for a workpiece to be measured in an arbitrary orientation on the table of the CMM. The original measuring path can be generated off-line by self-teach programming or from a computer aided design (CAD) system. The generation of the actual measuring path of the CMM is not limited by the complexity of the original off-line measuring path.

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DIGIANO, CHRIS, KEN KAHN, ALLEN CYPHER, and DAVID CANFIELD SMITH. "Integrating Learning Supports into the Design of Visual Programming Systems." Journal of Visual Languages & Computing 12, no. 5 (October 2001): 501–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jvlc.2001.0218.

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Trafalis, Theodore B., and Samir A. Alwazzi. "Support vector machine classification with noisy data: a second order cone programming approach." International Journal of General Systems 39, no. 7 (October 2010): 757–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03081079.2010.504340.

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Buchanan, Bruce G., and Edward A. Feigenbaum. "The Stanford Heuristic Programming Project: Goals and Activities." AI Magazine 1, no. 1 (July 1, 2017): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aimag.v1i1.89.

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The Heuristic Programming Project of the Stanford University Computer Science Department is a laboratory of about fifty people whose main goals are to model the nature of scientific reasoning processes in various types of scientific problems and various areas of science and medicine; and to construct expert systems — programs that achieve high levels of performance on tasks that normally require significant human expertise for their solution.

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Papaioannou, S. G., and D. Kiritsis. "Computer-Aided Manufacture of High Precision Cams." Journal of Engineering for Industry 110, no. 4 (November 1, 1988): 352–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3187894.

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Current methods for generating curves in numerically controlled systems rely on a Boolean formulation of the step selection problem. This paper takes a different approach, in which the next step is selected by solving an integer programming problem. The structure of this problem is such that a step maximizing the advance along the curve can be obtained by inspection. This criterion reduces the number of steps required to traverse the curve and results in a high degree of smoothness and accuracy. Based on this formulation, step selection rules are derived for both implicitly and parametrically defined curves. Parametric curve representation arises most naturally in the design of cams. The proposed method can be used to generate a cam profile with an accuracy equal to the resolution of the machine tool. Examples and appropriate formulas are given for drum cams and for plate cams with a roller, flat-faced or oscillating follower.

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Nikolić, Dragan D. "Parallelisation of equation-based simulation programs on heterogeneous computing systems." PeerJ Computer Science 4 (August 13, 2018): e160. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.160.

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Numerical solutions of equation-based simulations require computationally intensive tasks such as evaluation of model equations, linear algebra operations and solution of systems of linear equations. The focus in this work is on parallel evaluation of model equations on shared memory systems such as general purpose processors (multi-core CPUs and manycore devices), streaming processors (Graphics Processing Units and Field Programmable Gate Arrays) and heterogeneous systems. The current approaches for evaluation of model equations are reviewed and their capabilities and shortcomings analysed. Since stream computing differs from traditional computing in that the system processes a sequential stream of elements, equations must be transformed into a data structure suitable for both types. The postfix notation expression stacks are recognised as a platform and programming language independent method to describe, store in computer memory and evaluate general systems of differential and algebraic equations of any size. Each mathematical operation and its operands are described by a specially designed data structure, and every equation is transformed into an array of these structures (a Compute Stack). Compute Stacks are evaluated by a stack machine using a Last In First Out queue. The stack machine is implemented in the DAE Tools modelling software in the C99 language using two Application Programming Interface (APIs)/frameworks for parallelism. The Open Multi-Processing (OpenMP) API is used for parallelisation on general purpose processors, and the Open Computing Language (OpenCL) framework is used for parallelisation on streaming processors and heterogeneous systems. The performance of the sequential Compute Stack approach is compared to the direct C++ implementation and to the previous approach that uses evaluation trees. The new approach is 45% slower than the C++ implementation and more than five times faster than the previous one. The OpenMP and OpenCL implementations are tested on three medium-scale models using a multi-core CPU, a discrete GPU, an integrated GPU and heterogeneous computing setups. Execution times are compared and analysed and the advantages of the OpenCL implementation running on a discrete GPU and heterogeneous systems are discussed. It is found that the evaluation of model equations using the parallel OpenCL implementation running on a discrete GPU is up to twelve times faster than the sequential version while the overall simulation speed-up gained is more than three times.

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Turner, Raymond. "Computational Abstraction." Entropy 23, no. 2 (February 10, 2021): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23020213.

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Representation and abstraction are two of the fundamental concepts of computer science. Together they enable “high-level” programming: without abstraction programming would be tied to machine code; without a machine representation, it would be a pure mathematical exercise. Representation begins with an abstract structure and seeks to find a more concrete one. Abstraction does the reverse: it starts with concrete structures and abstracts away. While formal accounts of representation are easy to find, abstraction is a different matter. In this paper, we provide an analysis of data abstraction based upon some contemporary work in the philosophy of mathematics. The paper contains a mathematical account of how Frege’s approach to abstraction may be interpreted, modified, extended and imported into type theory. We argue that representation and abstraction, while mathematical siblings, are philosophically quite different. A case of special interest concerns the abstract/physical interface which houses both the physical representation of abstract structures and the abstraction of physical systems.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Computer programming. Human-machine systems'

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