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Journal articles on the topic 'Computerised laboratory data'
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1
Block, C. "Benefits and limitations of computerised laboratory data." Journal of Clinical Pathology 50, no. 6 (June 1, 1997): 448–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jcp.50.6.448.
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McClenaghan, Bruce A., and Walter Literowich. "Fundamentals of Computerised Data Acquisition in the Human Performance Laboratory." Sports Medicine 4, no. 6 (1987): 425–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00007256-198704060-00003.
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Brown, Simon, and Robin Dykstra. "Computerised data acquisition and analysis in the biochemistry teaching laboratory." Biochemical Education 27, no. 2 (April 1999): 93–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0307-4412(98)00300-8.
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Seger, Andrew C., Ashish K. Jha, and David W. Bates. "Adverse Drug Event Detection in a Community Hospital Utilising Computerised Medication and Laboratory Data." Drug Safety 30, no. 9 (2007): 817–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00002018-200730090-00007.
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Kostić, Dragutin, Vujo Drndarević, Petar Marković, and Nenad Jevtić. "DEVELOPMENT OF METHODS FOR ACQUIRING AND TRANSFERING MEASUREMENT DATA IN TESTING THE ELECTRIC LOCOMOTIVES." TRANSPORT 26, no. 4 (January 9, 2012): 367–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16484142.2011.557217.
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The paper describes procedures and methods upon which a system has been developed for testing the running behavior of new or reconstructed electric locomotives prior to release them into regular service. Special attention has been paid to precise measurement of traction currents and voltages, as well as non-electrical quantities, such as torque, longitudinal force exerted at the wheel rim, angular and linear velocity, which vary in a wide range. In addition to choosing appropriate sensors and measuring transducers, specific interface circuits were designed and manufactured, and a laboratory model for measuring electrical and non-electrical quantities of traction electric motors was developed and realised. Based on the experience and the results obtained from the laboratory model, a computerised data acquisition system for testing the electric locomotives in the field was designed from such a computerised systems as application program for simultaneous multichannel measurement of mechanical and electrical quantities, and for off-line processing of measurement results. The systems were tested during the operation on measurement and analysis of tractive capabilities, quality of anti slip regulation system, and energy consumption of a modernized locomotive.
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Domján, Gyula, János Jákó, István Vályi-Nagy, and Károly Kaffka. "Determination of Cholinesterase in Human Blood Using near Infrared Spectroscopy." Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy 6, A (January 1998): A279—A284. http://dx.doi.org/10.1255/jnirs.208.
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The level of cholinesterase in the human blood is a very good indicator of liver function. In this study we desrcibe the relationship between cholinesterase values obtained with routine laboratory methods and near infrared (NIR) spectral data of 72 individuals with a wide range of cholinesterase levels. NIR spectra were measured with a SPECTRALYZER 10–25 (PMC) computerised research analyser. The relationship of laboratory data and values of the second derivative of the log (1/ TF) spectra measured at different wavelengths was determined with multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis using three-term linear summation equations. A correlation coefficient ( r) of 0.89 and a standard error of calibration ( SEC) of 987 units L−1 (U/L) of the enzyme were obtained. Our results indicate that NIR measurements of cholinesterase in the human blood serum can be related to the analytical data obtained with routine laboratory methods. NIR spectroscopy is a rapid, accurate, and inexpensive method for determining various constituents in the human blood.
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Loprieno, Nicola, Guido Boncristiani, Elena Bosco, Maria Nieri, and Gregorio Loprieno. "The Galileo Data Bank on Toxicity Testing with In Vitro Alternative Methods. I. General Structure." Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 22, no. 1 (January 1994): 20–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026119299402200105.
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Toxicity testing of chemicals by means of in vitro alternative methods to the use of animals has been extensively developed, as documented by a variety of studies. The interpretation of results and the comparative evaluation of data derived from various cell toxicity studies require organisation by a computerised data system, capable of handling the large number of variables included in different assays, such as cell lines, methods of treatment with the chemical, methods used to evaluate the biological effect, endpoints considered, etc. The Galileo Data Bank has been developed by the Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology at the University of Pisa, as a scientific instrument to be used in the analysis and organisation of results obtained in the toxicity testing of chemicals by means of in vitro alternative methods.
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Loprieno, Nicola, Guido Boncristiani, Elena Bosco, Maria Nieri, and Gregorio Loprieno. "The Galileo Data Bank on Toxicity Testing with In Vitro Alternative Methods. II. Toxicology Profiles of 20 Chemicals." Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 22, no. 2 (March 1994): 82–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026119299402200204.
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The identification of the hazard of chemicals to man has relied on the use of several animal models. However, the availability of various cell toxicity models as alternatives to the use of animals has stimulated attempts to evaluate in vitro data for use in the prediction of human toxicity. The cell toxicity models developed previously are capable of indicating a variety of endpoints susceptible to the activity of various chemical substances. The in vitro data derived so far from testing a variety of types of chemicals, have been used to develop toxicology profiles for twenty chemicals, which are presented in this paper. Data have been selected from among those already entered in the Galileo Data Bank, a computerised data system containing all the available existing data derived using in vitro methods.
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Domján, Gyula, Károly J. Kaffka, János M. Jákó, and István T. Vályi-Nagy. "Rapid Analysis of Whole Blood and Blood Serum Using near Infrared Spectroscopy." Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy 2, no. 2 (March 1994): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1255/jnirs.33.
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In the present study we describe the relationship between laboratory values obtained with routinely used laboratory analytical methods and near infrared (NIR) spectral data of 126 whole blood and 228 blood serum samples. Spectra were measured with a SPECTRALYZER 1025 (PMC) computerised research analyser. The relationship among laboratory data and values of the second derivative of the log (1/ R) spectra measured at different wavelengths was determined by multiple linear regression (MLR) using three and four term linear summation equations, principal component regression (PCR) and partial least-squares (PLS) regression methods. Along with examples for qualitative detection of protein and lipid in human sera, as well as distinction of albumin and globulin dissolved in physiological saline solution, we describe mathematical models and evaluate their performance for the determination of protein and beta-lipoprotein (β-LP) content of serum as well as oxygen saturation and carbon dioxide pressure in whole blood. Validation of our results yielded a standard error of performance (SEP) of 2.47 g L−1 for protein content and 0.79 TU for β-LP content in blood serum, whereas SEP values of 5.41% for oxygen saturation and 5.27 mm Hg for carbon dioxide pressure in whole blood were found. Our results presented in this preliminary study indicate that NIR measurements can be related to analytical data of whole blood and serum. NIR spectroscopy is a rapid, accurate, cost effective method for determining quality parameters of whole blood and serum and might be a promising new tool in the field of automated clinical laboratory analysis.
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Nikolova-Jeliazkova, Nina, and Joanna Jaworska. "An Approach to Determining Applicability Domains for QSAR Group Contribution Models: An Analysis of SRC KOWWIN." Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 33, no. 5 (October 2005): 461–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026119290503300510.
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QSAR model predictions are most reliable if they come from the model's applicability domain. The Setubal Workshop report provides a conceptual guidance for defining a (Q)SAR applicability domain. However, an operational definition is necessary for applying this guidance in practice. It should also permit the design of an automatic (computerised) procedure for determining a model's applicability domain. This paper attempts to address this need for models that use a large number of descriptors (for example, group contribution-based models). The high dimensionality of these models imposes specific computational restrictions on estimating the interpolation region. The Syracuse Research Corporation KOWWIN model for prediction of the n-octanol/water partition coefficient is analysed as a case study. This is a linear regression model that uses 508 fragment counts and correction factors as descriptors, and is based on the group contribution approach. We conclude that the applicability domain estimation by descriptor ranges, combined with Principal Component rotation as a data pre-processing step, is an acceptable compromise between estimation accuracy and the amount of data in the training set.
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Lumsden, Jim, Andy Skinner, Andy T. Woods, Natalia S. Lawrence, and Marcus Munafò. "The effects of gamelike features and test location on cognitive test performance and participant enjoyment." PeerJ 4 (July 6, 2016): e2184. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2184.
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Computerised cognitive assessments are a vital tool in the behavioural sciences, but participants often view them as effortful and unengaging. One potential solution is to add gamelike elements to these tasks in order to make them more intrinsically enjoyable, and some researchers have posited that a more engaging task might produce higher quality data. This assumption, however, remains largely untested. We investigated the effects of gamelike features and test location on the data and enjoyment ratings from a simple cognitive task. We tested three gamified variants of the Go-No-Go task, delivered both in the laboratory and online. In the first version of the task participants were rewarded with points for performing optimally. The second version of the task was framed as a cowboy shootout. The third version was a standard Go-No-Go task, used as a control condition. We compared reaction time, accuracy and subjective measures of enjoyment and engagement between task variants and study location. We found points to be a highly suitable game mechanic for gamified cognitive testing because they did not disrupt the validity of the data collected but increased participant enjoyment. However, we found no evidence that gamelike features could increase engagement to the point where participant performance improved. We also found that while participants enjoyed the cowboy themed task, the difficulty of categorising the gamelike stimuli adversely affected participant performance, increasing No-Go error rates by 28% compared to the non-game control. Responses collected online vs. in the laboratory had slightly longer reaction times but were otherwise very similar, supporting other findings that online crowdsourcing is an acceptable method of data collection for this type of research.
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Othman Tan, Suria Emilia Suhana, Nurul Nadiah Ishak, and Narazah Mohd Yusoff. "Prevalence of Anaemia in Children Treated in Kepala Batas, Penang." Malaysian Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health 26, no. 2 (November 18, 2020): 35–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.51407/mjpch.v26i2.110.
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Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of anaemia in children aged six months to fifteen years old treated in a single centre from 2008 to 2018. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted among 274 children age six months to fifteen years old, treated in Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) from 2008 to 2018. The data was obtained from computerised hospital data (CARE2X), Laboratory Information System (LIS) or medical record. Parents of the eligible participants were called for any incomplete data and verbal consents were obtained. Descriptive analysis was conducted to determine the prevalence whereas the relationship between independent variables with types of anaemia were examined using simple logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of anaemia was 22.3%. Among the anaemic children, the predominant morphology form was hypochromic microcytic anaemia (82%) followed with normochromic normocytic anaemia (18%). Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) was found to be the commonest cause (24%) of hypochromic microcytic anaemia, followed by IDA with concomitant thalassaemia (14%) and thalassaemia alone (8%). In simple logistic regression analysis, no significant association was found. Conclusions: The prevalence of anaemia was 22.3%, which is considered as moderate public health problem according to WHO. Hypochromic microcytic anaemia was the predominant red cell morphology (82%) and IDA was the commonest causes (24%).
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Chaintarli, K., S. Jackson, S. Cotter, and J. O'Donnell. "Evaluation and comparison of the National Tuberculosis (TB) Surveillance System in Ireland before and after the introduction of the Computerised Electronic Reporting System (CIDR)." Epidemiology and Infection 146, no. 14 (July 6, 2018): 1756–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268818001796.
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AbstractWe evaluated and compared the completeness, timeliness, simplicity, usefulness and flexibility between the former National Tuberculosis (TB) Surveillance System (NTBSS) and the newer Computerised Infectious Disease Reporting System (CIDR). Completeness was assessed by examining the field completion of key variables and median time from diagnosis to notification was calculated to evaluate timeliness. Differences between the two systems on completeness and timeliness were statistically assessed usingχ2and Wilcoxon rank-sum test, respectively. An online questionnaire on simplicity, flexibility and usefulness was sent to key stakeholders. Time and diagnosis-related variables were more complete in NTBSS, while variables on drug susceptibility, HIV and laboratory tests were more complete in CIDR (P< 0.05). The median time notification interval increased significantly in CIDR (P< 0.05). Stakeholders thought that CIDR is simpler (37.5%), more useful (41.7%) and more flexible (29.2%) than NTBSS. This study demonstrated that CIDR did not improve data completeness and decreased timeliness of notification. Simplicity, usefulness and flexibility were improved but qualitative methods should be applied to further explore these results.
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Baum, Ulrike, Kari Auranen, Sangita Kulathinal, Ritva Syrjänen, Hanna Nohynek, and Jukka Jokinen. "Cohort study design for estimating the effectiveness of seasonal influenza vaccines in real time based on register data: The Finnish example." Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 48, no. 3 (November 2, 2018): 316–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1403494818808635.
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This paper presents the principles of implementing register-based cohort studies as currently applied for real-time estimation of influenza vaccine effectiveness in Finland. All required information is retrieved from computerised national registers and deterministically linked via the unique personal identity code assigned to each Finnish resident. The study cohorts comprise large subpopulations eligible for a free seasonal influenza vaccination as part of the National Vaccination Programme. The primary outcome is laboratory-confirmed influenza. Each study subject is taken to be at risk of experiencing the outcome from the onset of the influenza season until the first of the following three events occurs: outcome, loss to follow up or end of season. Seasonal influenza vaccination is viewed as time-dependent exposure. Accordingly, each subject may contribute unvaccinated and vaccinated person-time during their time at risk. The vaccine effectiveness is estimated as one minus the influenza incidence rate ratio comparing the vaccinated with the unvaccinated within the study cohorts. Data collection in register-based research is an almost fully automated process. The effort, resources and the time spent in the field are relatively small compared to other observational study designs. This advantage is pivotal when vaccine effectiveness estimates are needed in real time. The paper outlines possible limitations of register-based cohort studies. It also addresses the need to explore how national and subnational registers available in the Nordic countries and elsewhere can be utilised in vaccine effectiveness research to guide decision making and to improve individual health as well as public health.
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DiClemente, Ralph J., Gina M. Wingood, Richard A. Crosby, Laura F. Salazar, Sara Head, Eve Rose, Jessica McDermott Sales, and Angela M. Caliendo. "Anal sex is a behavioural marker for laboratory-confirmed vaginal sexually transmissible infections and HIV-associated risk among African-American female adolescents." Sexual Health 6, no. 2 (2009): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh08062.
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Background: African-American females are disproportionately affected by HIV and sexually transmissible infections (STIs). The prevalence of anal sex and its association with other sexual risk behaviours is understudied in this population. Methods: Participants were 715 African-American females, 15 to 21 years old, who had reported sexual activity in the previous 60 days. Data collection included an audiocomputer assisted self-interview (ACASI) and a self-collected vaginal swab specimen assayed using nucleic acid amplification tests to detect the presence of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and real-time polymerase chain reaction assay to detect Trichomonas vaginalis. Results: Approximately 10.5% reported anal sex, at least once, during the 60 days before completing the computerised baseline assessment. The prevalence of any STI was significantly greater among adolescents reporting recent anal sex (40% tested positive for at least one of three laboratory-confirmed STIs) relative to those adolescents not reporting anal sex (27.5% STI prevalence). Of the 10 outcomes comprising the sexual risk profile, seven achieved bivariate significance, with each of the differences indicating greater risk for those recently engaging in anal sex. In multivariable controlled analyses, six of the seven measures retained statistical significance. Conclusions: African-American adolescent females who engage in penile-anal sex may experience an elevated risk of vaginally-acquired STIs. The findings suggest that, among those having penile-anal sex, several HIV/STI-associated sexual risk behaviours are significantly more prevalent. Thus, penile-anal sex may be an important proxy of overall sexual risk behaviours and can be readily assessed during paediatrician visits as part of a sexual history.
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Harrison, David, and John M. Pitre. "Computerized pre‐checking of laboratory data." Physics Teacher 26, no. 3 (March 1988): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.2342461.
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Gerner, Ingrid, Gabriele Graetschel, Jürgen Kahl, and Eva Schlede. "Development of a Decision Support System for the Introduction of Alternative Methods into Local Irritancy/Corrosivity Testing Strategies. Development of a Relational Database." Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 28, no. 1 (January 2000): 11–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026119290002800106.
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For new chemical substances that are notified within the European Union, data sets have to be submitted to the National Competent Authorities. The data submitted have to demonstrate the physicochemical and toxic properties of the new chemical, such as solubility, partition coefficients and spectra, as well as acute toxic properties and the potential to cause local irritant or corrosive effects. In order to minimise testing for notification purposes (for example, animal testing), it is necessary to develop stepwise assessment procedures, including structure-activity considerations, alternative methods (for example, in vitro tests), and computerised structure-activity relationship (SAR) models. An electronic database was developed which contains physicochemical and toxicological data on approximately 1300 chemical substances. It is used for regulatory structure-property relationship (SPR) and SAR considerations, and for the development of rules for a decision support system (DSS) for the introduction of alternative methods into local irritancy/corrosivity testing strategies. The information stored in the database is derived from proprietary data, so it is not possible to publish the data directly. Therefore, the database is evaluated by regulators, and the information derived from the data is used for the development of scientific information about SARs. This information can be published, for example, by means of tables correlating measured physicochemical values and specific toxic effects caused by the measured chemical. This information is introduced to the public by means of a DSS that predicts local irritant/corrosive potential of a chemical by listing so-called exception rules of the kind IF (physicochemical property) A THEN not (toxic) Effect B and so-called structural rules of the kind IF Substructure A THEN Effect B. These DSS rules “translate” proprietary data into scientific knowledge that can be published.
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Sente, Marko, and Nada Kljajic-Milekic. "Osteomyelitis of right frontal sinus anterior wall." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 136, no. 3-4 (2008): 154–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh0804154s.
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Introduction The paper describes a very rare, isolated exocranial complication of the purulent frontal sinus inflammation. Frontal bone osteomyelitis occurs either in the course of an acute episode or during the exacerbation of a chronic disease. By distribution, it can be diffuse or circumscript. It is more common in younger males. Case Outline The case described is one of a 43-year-old patient with purulent frontal sinusitis developing into osteomyelitis of the anterior wall of the right frontal sinus, accompanied by the exteriorisation of the process into the frontal region soft tissues. The classical paranasal sinus radiography did not find any pathological changes in bony structures. Computerised tomography findings pointed to purulent inflammation of the frontal and part of the ethmoid sinuses, with a defect of the anterior wall of the right frontal sinus. Conclusion Surgical exploration established a defect in the anterior wall of the right frontal sinus, with an organised purulent collection, 1.3 cm in diameter. During surgery, evacuation of the inflamed mucosa and obliteration of the right frontal sinus were performed. Having analyzed the anamnestic data, radiography and laboratory results, and intraoperative findings, we were not able to conclude decisively whether it was a complication of acute or chronic inflammation. .
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Henkin, Y., A. Abu-Ful, I. Shai, and P. Crystal. "Lack of Association between Breast Artery Calcification Seen on Mammography and Coronary Artery Disease on Angiography." Journal of Medical Screening 10, no. 3 (September 2003): 139–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096914130301000308.
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Objectives: Some studies have found correlations between the presence of breast artery calcium (BAC) observed on routine mammograms and risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD). The aim of this study was to investigate whether such calcifications could predict the presence of coronary atherosclerosis. Methods: A total of 319 female patients between 50 and 70 years of age, 187 with significant CAD and 132 with angiographically normal coronary arteries, were randomly selected from a computerised database of our central catheterisation laboratory. The patients' mammograms were evaluated independently for the presence of BAC in a blinded fashion by an experienced breast radiologist, and additional clinical data were extracted from clinical charts. Results: The women in the CAD group were older (62.5 vs 60.7 years, p=0.05) and had a higher prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidaemia. Although the prevalence of BAC was marginally higher in the CAD group (43.9% vs 37.1 %, p=0.138), this tendency was eliminated after controlling for confounders. Multiple regression analyses indicated that only age above 63 years (odds ratio [OR]=3.0, 95% confidence interval [CI]= 1.8–4.9) and hypertension (OR=2.2, 95% CI= 1.2–4.1), but not angiographic evidence of CAD (OR=1.0,95% CI=0.6–1.6), predict with BAC on mammography. Conclusions: Despite correlation with some risk factors For CAD, the presence of BAC does not differentiate between patients with angiographic evidence of CAD and those with angiographically normal coronary arteries.
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Nongnuch, Arkom, and Andrew Davenport. "The effect of vegetarian diet on skin autofluorescence measurements in haemodialysis patients." British Journal of Nutrition 113, no. 7 (March 12, 2015): 1040–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114515000379.
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CVD remains the major cause of death for dialysis patients. Dialysis patients have both traditional and nontraditional risk factors, including the retention of advanced glycation end products (AGE). Tissue AGE can be measured by skin autofluorescence (SAF) and are a reliable measurement of chronic exposure. Dietary intake of AGE may be lower in vegetarian patients than in non-vegetarian patients, so we determined whether vegetarian patients had lower SAF than non-vegetarian patients. We measured SAF in 332 adult haemodialysis patients using a UV technique in a standardised manner. Information about patients' demographic data, laboratory results and current medicinal prescriptions was collected retrospectively from the hospital's computerised database. The mean patient age was 65·2 (sd 15·1) years, 64 % were men, 42 % were diabetic, and 66 % were Caucasian. The mean SAF was 3·26 (sd 0·95) arbitrary units (AU), and SAF was lower in vegetarians as compared to non-vegetarians (2·71 (sd 0·6) v. 3·31 (sd 0·97) AU, P= 0·002). SAF was negatively correlated on both univariate (r − 0·17, P= 0·002) and multiple linear regression (β coefficient − 0·39, 95 % CI − 0·7, − 0·07, P= 0·019). SAF, a marker of tissue AGE deposition, was reduced in vegetarian haemodialysis patients after correction for known confounders, which suggests that a vegetarian diet may reduce exposure to preformed dietary AGE. Dietary manipulation could potentially reduce tissue AGE and SAF as well as CVD risk, but further prospective studies are warranted to confirm the present findings.
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Lepore, Paul D. "FDA's good laboratory practice regulations and computerized data acquisition systems." Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems 17, no. 3 (December 1992): 265–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-7439(92)80063-a.
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Braithwaite, J., J. I. Westbrook, and J. L. Callen. "The Importance of Medical and Nursing Sub-cultures in the Implementation of Clinical Information Systems." Methods of Information in Medicine 48, no. 02 (2009): 196–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3414/me9212.
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Summary Objective: To measure doctors’ and nurses’ perceptions of organisational culture and relate this to their attitudes to, and satisfaction with, a hospital-wide mandatory computerised provider order entry (CPOE) system in order to illuminate cultural compositions in CPOE use. Methods: A cross-sectional survey design was employed. Data were collected by administering an organisational culture survey (Organisational Culture Inventory, OCI) along with a user-satisfaction survey to a population of 103 doctors and nurses from two clinical units in an Australian metropolitan teaching hospital. Clinicians from the hospital had used the CPOE system since 1991 to order and view clinical laboratory and radiology tests electronically for all patients. The OCI provides a measure of culture in terms of three general styles which distinguish between: constructive; passive/defensive, and aggressive/defensive cultures. The cluster which best describes the overall culture is the one that has the highest percentile score when the percentile scores of the four cultural norms included in the cluster are averaged. The user satisfaction survey asked questions relating to satisfaction with, and attitudes to, the system. Results: We found identifiable sub-cultures based on professional divisions where doctors perceived an aggressive-defensive culture (mean percentile score = 43.8) while nurses perceived a constructive culture (mean percentile score = 61.5). There were significant differences between doctors and nurses on three of the attitude variables with nurses expressing more positive views towards CPOE than doctors. Conclusion: The manifestation of sub-cultures within hospitals and the impact this has on attitudes towards clinical information systems should be recognized and addressed when planning for system implementation. Identification and management of the cultural characteristics of different groups of health professionals may facilitate the successful implementation and use of clinical information systems.
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Quinn, Virginia P., Rebecca Nash, Enid Hunkeler, Richard Contreras, Lee Cromwell, Tracy A. Becerra-Culqui, Darios Getahun, et al. "Cohort profile: Study of Transition, Outcomes and Gender (STRONG) to assess health status of transgender people." BMJ Open 7, no. 12 (December 2017): e018121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018121.
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PurposeThe Study of Transition, Outcomes and Gender (STRONG) was initiated to assess the health status of transgender people in general and following gender-affirming treatments at Kaiser Permanente health plans in Georgia, Northern California and Southern California. The objectives of this communication are to describe methods of cohort ascertainment and data collection and to characterise the study population.ParticipantsA stepwise methodology involving computerised searches of electronic medical records and free-text validation of eligibility and gender identity was used to identify a cohort of 6456 members with first evidence of transgender status (index date) between 2006 and 2014. The cohort included 3475 (54%) transfeminine (TF), 2892 (45%) transmasculine (TM) and 89 (1%) members whose natal sex and gender identity remained undetermined from the records. The cohort was matched to 127 608 enrollees with no transgender evidence (63 825 women and 63 783 men) on year of birth, race/ethnicity, study site and membership year of the index date. Cohort follow-up extends through the end of 2016.Findings to dateAbout 58% of TF and 52% of TM cohort members received hormonal therapy at Kaiser Permanente. Chest surgery was more common among TM participants (12% vs 0.3%). The proportions of transgender participants who underwent genital reconstruction surgeries were similar (4%–5%) in the two transgender groups. Results indicate that there are sufficient numbers of events in the TF and TM cohorts to further examine mental health status, cardiovascular events, diabetes, HIV and most common cancers.Future plansSTRONG is well positioned to fill existing knowledge gaps through comparisons of transgender and reference populations and through analyses of health status before and after gender affirmation treatment. Analyses will include incidence of cardiovascular disease, mental health, HIV and diabetes, as well as changes in laboratory-based endpoints (eg, polycythemia and bone density), overall and in relation to gender affirmation therapy.
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Bebi, Carolina, Matteo Giulio Spinelli, Gianpaolo Lucignani, Pierpaolo Biondetti, Laura Martinetti, Irene Fulgheri, Elisa De Lorenzis, et al. "Spontaneous Upper Urinary Tract Rupture Caused by Ureteric Stones: Clinical Characteristics and Validation of a Radiological Classification System." Diagnostics 11, no. 9 (August 29, 2021): 1568. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11091568.
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Background: This study seeks to validate a radiological classification system of spontaneous upper urinary tract rupture (sUUTR) and to analyse its relationship with clinical, laboratory and radiological characteristics of sUUTR. Methods: We analysed data from 66 patients with a computerised tomography (CT)-proven sUUTR treated with ureteral or nephrostomy catheter positioning. Comorbidities were scored with the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). All CT scans were reviewed by two experienced radiologists and one urologist, who classified sUUTR in (a) local spread, (b) free fluid and (c) urinoma. Interobserver agreement for radiological score was evaluated with the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and Cohen’s Kappa analyses. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression models verified the association between clinical variables and sUUTR severity. Results: The interobserver agreement for sUUTR classification was high among radiologists and between the radiologists and the urologist (all Kappa > 0.7), with an overall high interrater reliability (ICC 0.82). Local spread, free fluid and urinoma were found in 24 (36.4%), 39 (59.1%) and 3 (4.5%) cases, respectively. Patients with free fluid/urinoma had higher rate of CCI ≥ 1 than those with local spread (40.5% vs. 16.7%, p = 0.04). Intraoperative absence of urine extravasation was more frequently found in patients with local spread than those with free fluid/urinoma (66.7% vs. 28.6%, p < 0.01). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that local spread (OR 4.5, p < 0.01) was associated with absence of contrast medium extravasation during pyelography, after accounting for stone size, fever and CCI. Conclusions: The analysed sUUTR classification score had good inter/intra-reader reliability among radiologists and urologists. Absence of urine extravasation was five times more frequent in patients with local spread, making conservative treatment feasible in these cases.
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Kircher, John C., and David C. Raskin. "Human versus computerized evaluations of polygraph data in a laboratory setting." Journal of Applied Psychology 73, no. 2 (1988): 291–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.73.2.291.
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Gedeon, T. D. "Multimedia Information Compression Technologies." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 4, no. 6 (November 20, 2000): 401–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2000.p0401.
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<em>Introduction</em> We are drowning in data. What kinds of data? - Text. Images. Sound. Numeric. Genome data. Text: Every day vast amounts of textual data are generated. This ranges from private corporate data, personal information, public and private government documents and so on. Much of this data needs to be accessed by many users for many tasks. For example, a corporate call centre needs fast access to documents at a semi-concept level to answer user requests. Another example: large litigations can involve 2 million documents, 200,000 of which are relevant, much fewer significant, and a handful pivotal. Techniques are desperately needer to automate the first few steps of this winnowing. Images: There are video cameras everywhere, trying to protect our safety in car parks, public places, even some lifts. There are huge and ever growing still and video archives of all aspects of our modern world. Access and indexing this data is a huge research enterprise. Much indexing is done manually. Sound: Often in concert with video in multi-media recordings. But what did the Prime Minister say on the 1st of November about the Republic? Did he sound like he meant it? These are currently not easily answered queries except if carried out by an expert human investigator. These kind of queries will need to be commonplace to access sound data in humanly meaningful ways. Numeric: Our industries generate vast amounts of valuable numeric data. In the petroleum industry geologic knowledge must be integrated with data from wells: laboratory core analysis data and on-site well logs, with seismic data generated from controlled explosions and dispersed recording devices. Then there is GIS data collected from satellites and so on. In the service industry, the stock exchange generates large amounts of hard to analyse data vital to the wellbeing of Australian companies. Genome data: The human genome project is almost complete. Researchers are finding genes by a mix of laboratory work and computerised database searches (e.g. as reported in the Weekend Australian 30 October). This is just the first step, the next will be sequencing of a number of individuals, and of course there are currently over 100 whole genome sequencing projects on other species. Fast genome sequencing is just around the corner. We will soon be drowning in this kind of data also. Multimedia data: Includes all of audio, text, graphics, images, video, animation, music. More data! <em>What Is The Real Problem?</em> Manual extraction of information from any large corpus is time con-suming and expensive, requiring specialised experience in the material. Even worse, beyond a certain point it is incredibly boring, and hence error prone. Human intelligence is best suited to dealing with information, as distinct to data! <em>A Solution</em> The development of automated systems for information extraction, and for the synthesis of the extracted information into humanly useful information resources. To avoid drowning in the ever increasing flow of multi-modal electronic information available, automated tools are required to reduce the cognitive load on users. <em>STEPS TOWARDS A SOLUTION</em> The key step towards a solution is the notion of information compression, being the compression of data to yield an information rich(er) resource. This is distinct from data compression which is merely the efficient storage of data. Further, the information compression must work on multi-model complex data, exemplified by multimedia data. Some of the techniques for doing this kind of information compression exist in a scattered way in areas such as fuzzy systems, and image analysis. We have identified a nascent field, which we can coalesce in an intensive short workshop. The first Australia-Japan Joint Workshop on Applications of Soft and Intelligent Computing to Multimodal and Multimedia Information Compression Technologies was held at Murdoch University in Perth, Western Australia from the 29 March to 5 April 2000. This special issue contains selected papers from the workshop.
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Grönroos, P., K. Irjala, J. Heiskanen, K. Torniainen, and J. J. Forsström. "Using computerized individual medication data to detect drug effects on clinical laboratory tests." Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 55, sup222 (January 1995): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00365519509088448.
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Delvaux, Nicolas, Katrien Van Thienen, Annemie Heselmans, Stijn Van de Velde, Dirk Ramaekers, and Bert Aertgeerts. "The Effects of Computerized Clinical Decision Support Systems on Laboratory Test Ordering: A Systematic Review." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 141, no. 4 (February 28, 2017): 585–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2016-0115-ra.
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Context.— Inappropriate laboratory test ordering has been shown to be as high as 30%. This can have an important impact on quality of care and costs because of downstream consequences such as additional diagnostics, repeat testing, imaging, prescriptions, surgeries, or hospital stays. Objective.— To evaluate the effect of computerized clinical decision support systems on appropriateness of laboratory test ordering. Data Sources.— We used MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, MEDLINE In-Process and Other Non-Indexed Citations, Clinicaltrials.gov, Cochrane Library, and Inspec through December 2015. Investigators independently screened articles to identify randomized trials that assessed a computerized clinical decision support system aimed at improving laboratory test ordering by providing patient-specific information, delivered in the form of an on-screen management option, reminder, or suggestion through a computerized physician order entry using a rule-based or algorithm-based system relying on an evidence-based knowledge resource. Investigators extracted data from 30 papers about study design, various study characteristics, study setting, various intervention characteristics, involvement of the software developers in the evaluation of the computerized clinical decision support system, outcome types, and various outcome characteristics. Conclusions.— Because of heterogeneity of systems and settings, pooled estimates of effect could not be made. Data showed that computerized clinical decision support systems had little or no effect on clinical outcomes but some effect on compliance. Computerized clinical decision support systems targeted at laboratory test ordering for multiple conditions appear to be more effective than those targeted at a single condition.
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Ermekova, Madina. "Use of CT-Based Scoring System in Assessment of Pancreatitis Severity." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 7, no. 23 (November 14, 2019): 3997–4003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2019.597.
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BACKGROUND: Severity of AP is an important indicator of death rate, playing a crucial role in defining a correct dealing with a patient at his/her initial admission, in deciding on the need to transfer a patient to the intensive care unit. Many studies point out a direct relation between the death rate and the number of affected organs. In light of this, looking for the new criteria of multiple organ failure is still useful in clinical practice. Typically, assessment of multiple organ failure with patients undergoing treatment in the intensive care unit is carried out with the use of various integrated scores based both on clinical laboratory assessment of patient’s condition and on data obtained by advanced imaging methods. However, many scientists point out that the facilities of diagnostic radiology, including in particularly computerised tomography, are not used to the full extent.
AIM: We developed a CT score for assessment of pancreatitis severity that takes into consideration not only alterations of the pancreas but also enables evaluation of multiple organ failure with the examined patients.
METHODS: We have examined 100 patients with suspected pancreatitis. Among them 30 patients had pancreatitis without alterations of the vital organs; 70 patients had alterations of the vital organs, suffered organ or multiple organ failure and received treatment in the surgery unit and intensive care unit of the Department of Surgical Conditions of Karaganda Medical University.
RESULTS: Because of CT results, based on the proposed score, we assessed a degree of pancreas necrosis, analysed the relation between organ failure and degree of pancreas necrosis. Finally, we evaluated the connection between multiple organ failure and the specific failure of one organ and the presence of necrosis and death rate.
CONCLUSION: The proposed score for CT-based assessment of pancreatitis severity can be used not only for identification but also for prediction of organ failure at the early stage of pancreatitis to a high accuracy as compared to conventional CT systems for assessment of the condition of patients affected by pancreatitis. It can also be used to differentiate the severity of organ failure and the number of affected organs.
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Krishnan, Varada R., Connie A. Morbach, and Yves W. Brans. "Autospecc: Computerized processing of the data output from a spectrophotometer in a biochemical laboratory." Computers in Biology and Medicine 21, no. 4 (January 1991): 199–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-4825(91)90002-q.
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Kouri, T., V. Kairisto, A. Virtanen, E. Uusipaikka, A. Rajamäki, H. Finneman, K. Juva, T. Koivula, and V. Näntö. "Reference intervals developed from data for hospitalized patients: computerized method based on combination of laboratory and diagnostic data." Clinical Chemistry 40, no. 12 (December 1, 1994): 2209–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/40.12.2209.
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Abstract We utilized the databases of a hospital information system to select for determination of reference values various individual hospitalized patients on the basis of their diagnoses at discharge. The nonparametric 2.5-97.5% "health-related" reference intervals were calculated for hemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and erythrocyte count for both sexes. After excluding patients with diseases possibly affecting erythrocyte variables, we obtained a final group of 1786 women and 1450 men, ages 20-65 years, who were studied in age groups of 20-30, 30-45, 45-55, and 55-65 years. The upper reference limits of the MCV results obtained from hospitalized patients were higher than those produced conventionally from healthy individuals, as would be intuitively suggested by clinical experience. This method, based on selection by diagnosis, could be applicable to various analytes measured in hospital laboratories, provided sufficient data are available as databases.
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Chen, H. L., L. R. Lucas, L. A. D. Nogaret, H. D. Yang, and D. E. Kenyon. "Laboratory Monitoring of Surfactant Imbibition With Computerized Tomography." SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering 4, no. 01 (February 1, 2001): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/69197-pa.
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Summary Oil production from fractured reservoirs can occur by spontaneous water imbibition and oil expulsion from the matrix into the fracture network. Injection of dilute surfactant can recover additional oil by lowering oil/water interfacial tension (IFT) or altering rock wettability, thereby enhancing countercurrent movement and accelerating gravity segregation. Modeling of such recovery mechanisms requires knowledge of temporal and spatial fluid distribution within porous media. In this study, dilute surfactant imbibition tests performed for vertically oriented carbonate cores of the Yates field were found to produce additional oil over brine imbibition. Computerized tomography (CT) scans were acquired at times during the imbibition process to quantify spatial fluid movement and saturation distribution, and CT results were in reasonable agreement with material-balance information. Imbibition and CT-scan results suggest that capillary force and IFT gradient (Marangoni effect) expedited countercurrent movement in the radial direction within a short period, whereas vertical gravity segregation was responsible for a late-time ultimate recovery. Wettability indices, determined by the U.S. Bureau of Mines (USBM) centrifuge method, show that dilute surfactants have shifted the wetting characteristic of the Yates rocks toward less oil-wet. A numerical model was developed to simulate the surfactant imbibition experiments. A reasonable agreement between simulated and experimental results was achieved with surfactant diffusion and transitioning of relative permeability and capillary pressure data as a function of IFT and surfactant adsorption. Introduction The Yates field, discovered in 1926, is a massive naturally fractured carbonate reservoir located at the southern tip of the Central Basin Platform in the Permian Basin of west Texas. The main production comes from a 400-ft-thick San Andres formation with average matrix porosity and permeability of 15% and 100 md, respectively, and a fracture permeability of greater than 1,000 md. The primary oil recovery mechanism at the Yates field is a gravity-dominated double displacement process in which the gas cap is inflated through nitrogen injection. Dilute surfactant pilot tests have been conducted at the Yates field since early 1990. The surfactant, Shell 91-8 nonionic ethoxy alcohol, was diluted with produced water to a concentration (3,100-3,880 ppm) much higher than the critical micelle concentration (CMC) and was injected into the oil/water transition zone below the oil/water contact (OWC) for both single-and multiwell tests. Single- and multiwell pilot tests demonstrated improved oil recovery (IOR) and a reduced water/oil ratio in response to dilute surfactant treatments. Previous viscous flooding experiments with Yates reservoir cores indicated that the injection of dilute surfactants resulted in improved oil recovery when compared to the injection of brine.1 However, in a fractured reservoir such as Yates, the success of surfactant flooding depends on how effectively the surfactant residing in the fracture spaces can penetrate the matrix. Thus, static sponta neous imbibition was believed to better represent the fluid exchange between the rock matrix and fracture network. Spontaneous imbibition can be driven by either capillary or gravity forces and is a function of interfacial tension, wettability, density difference, and characteristic pore radius. Austad et al. investigated spontaneous surfactant imbibition into oil-saturated and low-permeability (less than 10 md) chalk cores.2–4 They concluded that, for water- and mixed-wet cores using an anionic surfactant, the early-time recovery mechanism was countercurrent movement, followed by gravity displacement at late time. For oil-wet cores using a cationic surfactant, the primary displacement mechanism was countercurrent movement. Countercurrent movement was believed to be a function not only of capillary forces, but also of the Marangoni effect that describes spontaneous interfacial flows induced by an IFT gradient.3,5,6 It was believed that the Marangoni effect created a hydrodynamic shear stress at the oil/water interface that provided additional force to mobilize the displaced oil phase in the direction opposite to the imbibed aqueous phase. For the oil-wet cores, Austad et al. hypothesized that the cationic surfactant improved oil recovery by altering rock wettability.4 In particular, the increased water wettability resulted in a decreased contact angle and increased capillary forces, thus maximizing countercurrent movement. The Yates reservoir is similarly believed to be oil- to mixed-wet. Cationic surfactants, although effective in altering wettability for oil-wet rocks, are too expensive to be implemented in a field treatment. Nonionic and anionic ethoxylated surfactants were selected for the Yates field pilot tests and laboratory studies because they were less expensive than cationic surfactants and they improved oil recovery without forming emulsions. The IOR mechanism for the ethoxylated surfactants used at Yates is different from the mechanism for the cationic surfactants used by Austad et al. The different IOR mechanism at Yates is largely owing to the nature of the highly fractured reservoir with a high-permeability matrix (average 100 md). Gravity is the dominant force in oil recovery for a fractured reservoir (mixed dolomite/sandstone formation).7 For such a gravity-dominated process, oil is displaced from the matrix blocks by cocurrent movement vertically through the top surface. The ethoxylated surfactants used at Yates are believed to quickly distribute monomers along the oil/water interface. These monomers lower the IFT and, while the surfactant is present in the aqueous phase, they may alter the wettability from oil-wet to less oil-wet. Thus, although the wettability alteration may occur, enhancing gravity forces owing to IFT-lowering may be the primary IOR mechanism for the Yates field. The objective of this work is to quantify the relative significance of radial countercurrent movement caused by capillary forces and vertical cocurrent movement caused by gravity during surfactant static imbibition into Yates cores. The importance of IOR mechanisms such as adsorption-dependent wettability alteration, interfacial tension reduction, and surfactant diffusion are illustrated through a comparison of laboratory data and numerical simulation results.
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Weydert, Jamie A., Newell D. Nobbs, Ronald Feld, and John D. Kemp. "A Simple, Focused, Computerized Query to Detect Overutilization of Laboratory Tests." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 129, no. 9 (September 1, 2005): 1141–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2005-129-1141-asfcqt.
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Abstract Context.—Although there is nearly universal agreement that laboratory tests are overutilized, the degree of overutilization in a given institution is difficult to quantify and monitor across time. Objective.—To detect and clearly document repetitive daily ordering of a commonly ordered laboratory test (serum sodium) by employing a simple, focused, computerized query of a test result database followed by chart review and validation. Design.—A retrospective computerized query of our clinical data repository was performed to find inpatients who displayed normal serum sodium test results on 4 or more consecutive days, without any abnormal values during the same admission. The search was limited to a 1-month period. A subset of these patients was selected for chart review. Results.—One hundred sixteen patients met our criteria, and the tests ordered for those patients comprised 5.1% of the monthly volume of serum sodium tests ordered in our institution. Chart review revealed a consistent lack of documentation of medical necessity for repeat testing as well as persistence of repeat serum sodium orders until the end of the patients' hospital course. Conclusions.—We conclude that a focused query of data derived from a clinical data repository can detect and document overutilization of a common laboratory test in a convincing fashion within a given institution.
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Rokosz, M. J., and B. E. Artz. "A Universal Data Base Approach For Quantitative WDXRF Analysis With General Purpose Data Acquisition Algorithms." Advances in X-ray Analysis 29 (1985): 477–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/s0376030800010600.
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AbstractAcquisition of new x—ray fluorescence (XRF) hardware or a data reduction computer can be a particularly frustrating experience for analysts who depend upon programs not supplied by the XRF spectrometer manufacturer. Computerized data collection and reduction pragrams generated for a particular spectrameter/computer system can become virtually useless when a significant part af the spectrometer/computer system is replaced. The problem is compounded in a research environment where many different kinds of samples are encountered and many unique analysis programs developed.The potential magnitude of this problem was recently demonstrated at the Ford Motor Company Scientific Research Laboratory when the thirteen year old computer-contolled XRF analysis system was replaced by a new state-of-the-art spectrometer/computer system.
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Macicek, Josef. "Phase Microidentification from Selected Area Electron Diffraction (SAED) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) Data." Advances in X-ray Analysis 35, A (1991): 687–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/s0376030800009423.
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AbstractTwo-dimensional geometry information contained in SAED spot patterns augmented with EDS elemental data is employed in a computerized phase identification of microcrystalline particles. The initial chemistry screening of a laboratory managed database using the 'bitmap' concept is followed by a geometry search/match treating of the spot patterns as planar sections through the reciprocal lattice of a candidate phase. The identification is selective, fast, and yields to a complete automatization,
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Kennedy, Robert S., D. Susan Lanham, and Janet J. Turnage. "Readiness for Duty: Tuning False Positives by Simulation from Empirical Data." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 39, no. 12 (October 1995): 809–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129503901213.
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For applications such as the assessment of environmental stress or toxic agents, the metric requirements of performance test batteries include stability, reliability and sensitivity. However, fitness-for-duty applications present additional organizational and management laboratory conditions where the sensitivities of these test batteries are evaluated, the ratio of “treated” to “untreated” subjects is usually 50/50. However, in the workplace, the percentage of persons who are expected NOT to be impaired may be <5% and unless the accuracy of the psychological tests exceeds one minus the percentage NOT impaired (1−.05 = 95%) the percentage of false positives will exceed the percentage of impaired persons identified - thus false positives become a primary management focus. Data from four different empirical data sets (N>100), with multiple repeated measures (15−40 sessions) and a battery of six computerized tests, were implemented into an interactive computerized algorithm. By varying: a) multiple cut-offs; b) number trials in baseline; and c) select decrement criteria, we were able to tune false positive rates to levels lower than three percent.
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Michczyński, Adam, Tomasz Goslar, Anna Pazdur, and Mieczysław F. Pazdur. "A Data Acquisition System for Proportional Counters at Gliwice." Radiocarbon 37, no. 2 (1995): 781–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200031337.
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We present here the principal ideas of a new, fully computerized data acquisition system with pulse-rise background reduction, developed in the Gliwice Radiocarbon Laboratory, and our first results. The new system uses a microprocessor-controlled pulse and coincidence analyzer for acquisition of data from 3 of 4 proportional counter sets. The analyzer acquires and stores information on the pulse's amplitudes and rise-times and their coincidence with guard counters and radio-frequency shield. This feature allows us to separate pulses using anticoincidence information and pulse-shape discrimination. The described method of background reduction led to a significant increase in the factor of merit on 2 of 3 counters tested.
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Weir, C., R. S. Evans, C. Staes, and J. Jacobs. "Assessment of Readiness for Clinical Decision Support to Aid Laboratory Monitoring of Immunosuppressive Care at U.S. Liver Transplant Centers." Applied Clinical Informatics 05, no. 04 (2014): 988–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/aci-2014-08-ra-0060.
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SummaryBackground: Following liver transplantation, patients require lifelong immunosuppressive care and monitoring. Computerized clinical decision support (CDS) has been shown to improve post-transplant immunosuppressive care processes and outcomes. The readiness of transplant information systems to implement computerized CDS to support post-transplant care is unknown.Objectives: a) Describe the current clinical information system functionality and manual and automated processes for laboratory monitoring of immunosuppressive care, b) describe the use of guidelines that may be used to produce computable logic and the use of computerized alerts to support guideline adherence, and c) explore barriers to implementation of CDS in U.S. liver transplant centers.Methods: We developed a web-based survey using cognitive interviewing techniques. We surveyed 119 U.S. transplant programs that performed at least five liver transplantations per year during 2010–2012. Responses were summarized using descriptive analyses; barriers were identified using qualitative methods.Results: Respondents from 80 programs (67% response rate) completed the survey. While 98% of programs reported having an electronic health record (EHR), all programs used paper-based manual processes to receive or track immunosuppressive laboratory results. Most programs (85%) reported that 30% or more of their patients used external laboratories for routine testing. Few programs (19%) received most external laboratory results as discrete data via electronic interfaces while most (80%) manually entered laboratory results into the EHR; less than half (42%) could integrate internal and external laboratory results. Nearly all programs had guidelines regarding pre-specified target ranges (92%) or testing schedules (97%) for managing immunosuppressive care. Few programs used computerized alerting to notify transplant coordinators of out-of-range (27%) or overdue laboratory results (20%).Conclusions: Use of EHRs is common, yet all liver transplant programs were largely dependent on manual paper-based processes to monitor immunosuppression for post-liver transplant patients. Similar immunosuppression guidelines provide opportunities for sharing CDS once integrated laboratory data are available.Citation: Jacobs J, Weir C, Evans RS, Staes C. Assessment of readiness for clinical decision support to aid laboratory monitoring of immunosuppressive care at U.S. liver transplant centers. Appl Clin Inf 2014; 5: 988–1004http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2014-08-RA-0060
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Benuriadi, Benuriadi, Osman Sianipar, and Guardian Yoki Sanjaya. "SISTEM INFORMASI DALAM PELAYANAN LABORATORIUM." INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY 19, no. 1 (October 14, 2016): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.24293/ijcpml.v19i1.391.
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The development of information technology has altered the conventional type of hospital laboratoryservices, from mostly paper based into computerized system. In term of quicker and easier, the output of computer-based information is useful for the improving healthcare services management. Laboratory services in the public hospitals mostly used paper-based laboratory data processing, leading to problems of accessibility, usability, clarity and completeness of the information. This study aims to to know how to develop a computer-based laboratory information system for a supporting laboratory management in the hospital toward in depth and systematic assessment among relevant stakeholders. The study was conducted at Praya Public Hospital Central District of Lombok, Nusa Tenggara Barat. Five stages of prototyping method were used for the system development, namely: planning, designing, systems testing, pilot implementation and system evaluation. Data and information obtained to observe in this study were in-depth interviews and questionnaire dissemination. During the planning phase, there were four groups of information should be identified, which should be required by the hospital management, laboratory staff, physicians and other health providers and information for the patient as well. Following the need assessment, a context diagram, Data Flow Diagram (DFD), structure of database, Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD), input and output designs were created. A prototype of computer-based laboratory information system was developed according to these systematic analysis and design. Evaluation on user’s perception demonstrated that the prototype could provide laboratory information easily, understandable, as well as complete and useful for all group of users. In conclusion, developing information system that involved potential users in hospital laboratory unit demonstrated its usefulness and this encouraged that public hospitals should adopt computerized laboratory information systems.
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Jeyabalasingam, Hajane, Anil Vaikunth Kamat, Tariq Shafi, and Raphael A. Ezekwesili. "Retrospective Survey of Iron Overload Prevalence & Chelation Practices in Transfusion-Dependent Myelodysplastic Syndromes in a West Kent District General Hospital, SE England." Blood 114, no. 22 (November 20, 2009): 4857. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v114.22.4857.4857.
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Abstract Abstract 4857 Background The incidence of myelodysplastic syndromes is about 9 -10 / 250000 population. Iron overload is increasingly recognised as a factor contributing to increased morbidity & mortality in transfusion-dependent myelodysplastic syndromes. Transfusion dependency, a variable in WHO based Prognostic Scoring System ( WPSS), is associated with reduced overall survival. However iron chelation uptake remains poor. Lack of robust data on prevalence of iron overload & absence of randomised controlled trials showing efficacy of iron chelation in improving overall survival & patient outcome complicates clinical management as well as resource planning to provide for iron chelation therapy. Methods This retrospective survey was conducted to assess the red cell transfusion dependency, iron overload prevalence, iron chelation practices in a District General Hospital based in West Kent, SE England covering a population of 250000.The data was collected from clinical, laboratory & blood bank records. Results Between Jan – Dec 2008, of 129 patients transfused ; MDS 27 ( M 12/ F 15), age range 57 -89 years, FAB subtypes :RA( n= 1) RARS( 3 )RCMD (4 )RAEB-1( 2)MDS transformed to AML (3)MPD/MDS ( 4 )NOS ( 5 ) Secondary MDS (4) Del 5q (1); IPSS score : 0 (n= 16), 0.5 ( 5), 1 ( 1), 1.5 ( 1 ), 2 ( 1), 2.5 ( 1) 3.5 ( 2);WHO score : 0 ( n= 13), 1 ( 3), 2 ( 1), 3 ( 1 ), 9 deaths in this cohort. Red cell transfusions/patient range was 2 – 66 units( median 12 ), baseline ferritin 4.4 – 2406.9 ug/l( median 969.7), last ferritin 30.8 – 5580.6 ug/l( median 969.7). Based on eligibility criteria for iron chelation being ferritin > 1000 ug/l & expected survival > 1 year, 12 patients were eligible of which 4 (33%)were on therapy ( n= 3 on Desferrioxamine ( SC ( 1), intermittent IV ( 2) ), 1 on Deferasirox ( previous intolerance to Desferrioxamine). Of 12 eligible, 3 had renal impairment ( eGFR < 60 ml/min). Of 4 chelated patients, age range was 66 – 87, last Ferritin 1007.2 – 5580.6 ug//l, IPSS 0 – 0.5, red cell transfusions/patient 29 – 66 units, FAB subtypes : RA( 1)RARS (2) Secondary MDS (1). There were 9 deaths ( n= 1 on chelation) in this cohort with age range 62 -89 years IPSS 0 – 3.5, FAB subtypes at diagnosis :RARS( 1)RCMD( 2 ) MDS transformed to AML ( 2 ) MPD/MDS (1) NOS ( 1)Secondary MDS (1) Del 5q ( 1); last ferritin 574.1 – 3719.3 ug/l. Contributing causes of deaths other than MDS included : Neutropenic sepsis ( 1) IHD/ CCF (2) Carcinoma prostate (1) Transformed AML (4) Pneumonia (1) COPD (1) NHL (1). Conclusion The survey confirms poor iron chelation uptake. This could be due to varied reasons such as patient or physician preferences, clinical awareness & availability of resources. Adequate resource planning is needed to improve iron chelation practices along with tools to aid clinical decision making process such as a computerised prompt to consider iron chelation based on IPSS, predicted survival, red cell transfusion dependency & ferritin level. A longitudinal prospective survey will also help clarify the cost effectiveness of this intervention as well as provide useful quality of life, patient outcome & overall survival data. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Şeker, Emre, Tuncer Burak Ozcelik, Nakul Rathi, and Burak Yilmaz. "Evaluation of marginal fit of CAD/CAM restorations fabricated through cone beam computerized tomography and laboratory scanner data." Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry 115, no. 1 (January 2016): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2015.08.006.
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Sharova, I. N., E. S. Kazakova, S. A. Portenko, T. Yu Krasovskaya, N. A. Osina, V. E. Kuklev, I. G. Karnaukhov, et al. "Improvement and Standardization of Laboratory Diagnostics Procedures as Concerns Particularly Dangerous, “Emerging”, and “Reemerging” Infectious Diseases." Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections, no. 2 (June 20, 2013): 46–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21055/0370-1069-2013-2-46-48.
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Represented are the data on the key stages of laboratory diagnostics practices standardization as regards particularly dangerous infectious diseases and on the improvement of the normative-regulatory framework on the procedure for organization and carrying out laboratory diagnostics in accordance with three-level system. Worked out are the principles, scheme of indication and identification of pathogenic biological agents of emerging, previously unknown, and atypical microorganisms using modern computerized systems and high-tech equipment.
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Frostenson, Candace K. "Lessons Learned from Occurrences Involving Procedures at Los Alamos National Laboratory in 1994." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 39, no. 15 (October 1995): 1033–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129503901515.
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This study used the Department of Energy (DOE) Occurrence Reporting and Processing System (ORPS) data to investigate occurrences reported during one year at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). ORPS provides a centralized database and computerized support for the collection, distribution, updating, analysis, and validation of information in occurrence reports about abnormal events related to facility operation. Human factors causes for occurrences are not always defined in ORPS. Content analysis of narrative data revealed that 33% of all LANL 1994 adverse operational events have human factors causes related to procedures. Procedure-caused occurrences that resulted in injury to workers, damage to facilities or equipment, or a near-miss are analyzed.
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NELSON, E. A. S., J. S. TAM, L. M. YU, R. I. GLASS, U. D. PARASHAR, and T. F. FOK. "Surveillance of childhood diarrhoeal disease in Hong Kong, using standardized hospital discharge data." Epidemiology and Infection 132, no. 4 (July 9, 2004): 619–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268804002250.
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Discharge information for all Hong Kong government hospitals, which is routinely collected through the Clinical Management System (CMS), was used to assess the relative importance of all causes of diarrhoeal illness and to address the issue of under-diagnosis of rotavirus by linking discharge diagnostic codes with actual laboratory results for one hospital. Of all children less than 5 years of age hospitalized in Hong Kong in the 2-year period July 1997 to June 1999, 12257 (11%) were discharged with a primary diarrhoea diagnosis (74% coded as non-specified, 10·4% as rotavirus, 11% as Salmonella and 5% as other viral or bacterial). Linked laboratory and discharge data for one hospital demonstrated that 15% (n=1522) of all admissions had a primary diarrhoea diagnosis and that 40% of these had a specimen sent for rotavirus testing, of which 37% were positive. However, 46% (67/145) of children with a diagnosis of rotavirus infection had no virology result, and 69% (172/248) of positive rotavirus results were in children with no diagnosis indicating rotavirus infection. Modification of the CMS to routinely combine existing computerized laboratory data with the CMS discharge diagnoses and to develop mechanisms to enhance reliability of discharge diagnosis coding could produce a powerful resource for disease surveillance, auditing and for monitoring the impact of future vaccination and other prevention programmes.
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Katayev, Alexander, and James K. Fleming. "Patient results and laboratory test accuracy." International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance 27, no. 1 (February 4, 2014): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhcqa-09-2012-0092.
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Purpose – Traditional quality control materials used for monitoring the clinical laboratory test accuracy might be non-commutable with patient samples and may not detect systematic errors. The aim of this paper is to describe a method to monitor inter-instrument bias using result distributions that are independent of the control's commutability. Design/methodology/approach – Serum calcium data collected within a laboratory network were assessed. A reference interval was calculated using a computerized, indirect Hoffmann's algorithm using all data across a laboratory network without excluding any results. Results outside the reference interval were considered as the zero-bias distribution. Three allowable bias levels were then calculated to determine the corresponding shift in abnormal results for each bias level in both directions from the zero-bias distribution. The observed result distributions in three laboratories within the network were compared for bias performance after one year of the reference interval study. Findings – Performance levels for bias were: minimum allowable <1.27 percent; desirable <0.85 percent; and optimal <0.42 percent. Zero bias result distribution above and below the reference interval for calcium was 3.92 percent and 2.53 percent respectively. All three laboratories performed within the desirable allowable bias level. Originality/value – Bias-monitoring process using patient result distributions allows managers to: assess systematic error between laboratory instruments; improve laboratory quality control; and strengthen patient risk management.
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Basu, Anindansu, and Deb Kumar Majumder. "The Indian telemedicine challenge: in current evolving pandemic." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 8, no. 9 (August 27, 2021): 4646. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20213580.
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The unparalleled Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outburst has ushered a radical change in the conventional healthcare industry in India. The unprecedented lockdown and the ongoing COVID crisis has reincarnated telemedicine practice for the unforeseeable future. The Indian government was quick to realise it and laid guidelines for its practice across video, audio, or text. The teleconsultation is basically doctor-patient interaction bridged by information technology over an online platform to receive essential health-care services. All doctor-patient relationships thrive on mutual trust which is hardly established over first time virtual consultation considering the emotions of the majority of Indian population and its inertia to change. The medical fraternity though initially uncomfortable with these changes are slowly adapting to this new reality over the last one and half years. The recent guidelines, 2020 have bestowed full onus on the doctor as to decide whether tele-consultation is sufficient or is in-patient evaluation required based on patient complexities. But if any untoward event, delay to urgent care or malpractice happens out of this, will the doctor be held responsible and if yes, is it going to be covered under medical indemnity? Moreover, telemedicine platform being a mix of medical sciences and information technology is governed by laws of both making it complicated, with a steep learning curve for all concerned. Besides the right to privacy is fundamental in medical ethics and stands undebated in telemedicine too. The responsibility of harbouring and protecting the information rests primarily on the doctor. But there is till date no regulatory body that authorises the tech platforms with specific legislations and regulations making seepage of sensitive and personal data and information (SPDI) a certain possibility. In the western world any platform that deals with protected health information (PHI) must be Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) compliant ensuring data security, unlike India. The more telemedicine gains traction and computerised operations are being used to keep tag of digital health records, radiology, pharmacy and laboratory systems, security concerns will proportionately increase. Additionally, the technology platforms have been given the rights to analyse the credibility of the doctors and regulate consultation fees with no government monitoring inviting probable disastrous consequences. They at times act as middlemen between the doctor, pharmacies, laboratories and patients serving their own vested interests. They often advertise promotional offers to lure in patients flouting all moral ethics for business/to increase their market share. Additionally their terms and conditions and grievance section are framed mostly in a way that the doctor eventually becomes the scapegoat in any untoward development. Apprehending these potential loopholes, the U.S.A has passed The Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act (2009) to maintain vigilance over ePHI security, offsite backup in IT failure, methods of data storage and transfer as per HIPAA standards and to penalise in case of defaulters. On the other hand currently there is no formalised policy for insurance reimbursement like most developed nations. The current pandemic push has bolstered the telemedicine growth and the market share is expected to cross $5.5 billion by 2025 in India. But for successful integration of telemedicine with normal practice in future one needs to define and compartmentalise the role of doctors and tech platforms with comprehensive legislations so that medical decisions are taken not based on personal interests but for optimal patient care. Otherwise in the quest for a new avatar in Indian healthcare system we might just end up creating another Frankenstein's monster.
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Della Manna, Thais, Nuvarte Setian, Durval Damiani, Hilton Kuperman, and Vaê Dichtchekenian. "Premature thelarche: identification of clinical and laboratory data for the diagnosis of precocious puberty." Revista do Hospital das Clínicas 57, no. 2 (2002): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0041-87812002000200001.
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PURPOSE: Two groups of girls with premature breast development were studied retrospectively. We tried to identify clinical, radiological, and hormonal parameters that could distinguish between a benign, nonprogressive premature thelarche and a true precocious puberty. METHODS: The clinical outcome of 88 girls with breast enlargement before 6.1 years of age was analyzed. Taking into account the progression of their sexual maturation, we allocated the children into 2 groups: "Isolated Premature Thelarche" (n = 63) and "Precocious Puberty" (n = 25) groups. Chronological and bone ages, height and growth velocity centiles, computerized tomography of hypothalamus-pituitary area, pelvic ultrasonography, gonadotropin response to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone stimulation as well as basal levels of luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, estradiol, and prolactin were studied in both groups. Statistical analysis were performed using the Student t test to compare the sample means. Fisher's exact test and chi² test were used to analyze the nonparametric variables. RESULTS: Isolated premature thelarche most frequently affected girls younger than 2 years who presented exaggerated follicle-stimulating hormone response to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone stimulation test. The precocious puberty group had higher initial stature, accelerated growth rate and bone age, increased uterine and ovarian volumes, high spontaneous luteinizing hormone levels by immunofluorimetric assay, as well as a high luteinizing hormone response and peak luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone ratio after luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone stimulation. CONCLUSION: At initial presentation, girls who undergo true precocious puberty present advanced bone age, increased uterine and ovarian volumes in addition to breast enlargement, as well as an luteinizing hormone-predominant response after a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone stimulation test.
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Alusi, G. H., A. C. Tan, J. C. Campos, A. Linney, and A. Wright. "Tele-education: The virtual medical laboratory." Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 3, no. 1_suppl (June 1997): 79–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/1357633971930481.
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The virtual medical laboratory (VML) was conceived to provide an Internet-accessible resource, offering access for clinicians and scientists to an invaluable data archive at the Institute of Laryngology and Otology, London. The Institute is home to the largest collection of temporal bone, laryngeal, skull and sinus sections in Europe. The skull and sinus collections include an extensive section consisting of animal material. These were contributions from zoos around the world. Over the last 50 years, samples have been carefully sectioned and stained by specialized technicians to produce histology slices of most regions of the head and neck. The aim of the project is to create a virtual medical laboratory, which will provide access to archived histological material as well as computerized tomography and magnetic resonance data. Central to this aim is the reconstruction of the internal anatomy of the temporal bone from two-dimensional histology slices, to create three-dimensional views that can be used for anatomical simulation and surgical training in otolaryngology. State-of-the-art three-dimensional reconstruction and rendering technology allows us to develop such a model. Computer-generated simulation could be made available to all hospitals in which otolaryngology is practised, via digital communication networks. We aim to develop core technology in our own specialty that is applicable to other fields of higher education, which have not been exposed to such modern teaching modalities. This has the potential to become an invaluable teaching resource for anatomists, surgeons and other scientists.
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Berman, Jules J. "Concept-Match Medical Data Scrubbing." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 127, no. 6 (June 1, 2003): 680–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2003-127-680-cmds.
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Abstract Context.—In the normal course of activity, pathologists create and archive immense data sets of scientifically valuable information. Researchers need pathology-based data sets, annotated with clinical information and linked to archived tissues, to discover and validate new diagnostic tests and therapies. Pathology records can be used for research purposes (without obtaining informed patient consent for each use of each record), provided the data are rendered harmless. Large data sets can be made harmless through 3 computational steps: (1) deidentification, the removal or modification of data fields that can be used to identify a patient (name, social security number, etc); (2) rendering the data ambiguous, ensuring that every data record in a public data set has a nonunique set of characterizing data; and (3) data scrubbing, the removal or transformation of words in free text that can be used to identify persons or that contain information that is incriminating or otherwise private. This article addresses the problem of data scrubbing. Objective.—To design and implement a general algorithm that scrubs pathology free text, removing all identifying or private information. Methods.—The Concept-Match algorithm steps through confidential text. When a medical term matching a standard nomenclature term is encountered, the term is replaced by a nomenclature code and a synonym for the original term. When a high-frequency “stop” word, such as a, an, the, or for, is encountered, it is left in place. When any other word is encountered, it is blocked and replaced by asterisks. This produces a scrubbed text. An open-source implementation of the algorithm is freely available. Results.—The Concept-Match scrub method transformed pathology free text into scrubbed output that preserved the sense of the original sentences, while it blocked terms that did not match terms found in the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS). The scrubbed product is safe, in the restricted sense that the output retains only standard medical terms. The software implementation scrubbed more than half a million surgical pathology report phrases in less than an hour. Conclusions.—Computerized scrubbing can render the textual portion of a pathology report harmless for research purposes. Scrubbing and deidentification methods allow pathologists to create and use large pathology databases to conduct medical research.
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Maor, Yasmin, Haya R. Rubin, Uri Gabbai, and Benjamin Mozes. "The Importance of Laboratory Data for Comparing Outcomes and Detecting ‘outlier’ Wards in the Treatment of Patients with Pneumonia." Journal of Health Services Research & Policy 3, no. 1 (January 1998): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135581969800300109.
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Objectives: To evaluate whether routine laboratory data can improve the ability to compare risk-adjusted outcomes of different medical wards, and to detect ‘outlier’ wards with significantly better or worse outcome. Methods: Patient data were taken from the Combined Patient Database Systematic Management and Research Tool, a database created by merging different computerized sources at a tertiary care hospital. All patients admitted to internal wards with the diagnosis of pneumonia during the years 1991–1995 were included ( n = 2734). The outcome variable was mortality 30 days post-admission. We used three comorbidity measures based on ICD-9-CM codes as possible predictors of mortality: secondary diagnoses; the Health Care Financing Administration severity index; and the Charlson comorbidity index. Models were created using logistic regression. To each model, laboratory data gathered in the first 48 hours after admission were added. To identify ‘outlier’ services we determined whether the patients' ward was an independent predictor of mortality. The area under the receiver operator curve (ROC) of the models was used for comparisons. Results: The area under the ROC was 0.65–0.72 for the models based on age and comorbid diagnoses. The addition of laboratory data improved markedly the discriminatory ability of each of the models, as reflected by an increase in the area under the ROC to 0.83–0.84. An ‘outlier’ ward with a higher risk-adjusted mortality rate was identified only by the models that included laboratory data. Conclusion: Basic, automated, routinely gathered laboratory data added significantly to the discriminatory power of risk models based on administrative data with abstracted diagnoses. Addition of laboratory data improved the ability to identify providers with possible exceptional quality of care.