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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Computerization of engineering tasks'

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Published: 28 May 2022

Last updated: 18 July 2025

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Толбатов, Володимир Аронович, Владимир Аронович Толбатов, Volodymyr Aronovych Tolbatov, А. В. Толбатов, О. О. Толбатова та С. В. Толбатов. "Актуальні питання побудови інтегрованого інформаційного середовища для сучасного підприємства". Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2017. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/65255.

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Комп’ютеризація інженерних задач – один з головних напрямків підвищення продуктивності виробництва сучасного підприємства. CAD/CAM/CAE системи, які використовуються для конструювання спеціального обладнання та засобів технологічного оснащення на основі об’ємного моделювання, розробки креслярської документації, підготовки управляючих програм для обладнання з ЧПК та дозволяють виконувати аналіз та оптимізацію проектних рішень, знайшли широке застосування практично у всіх галузях, і за останнє десятиріччя накопичений достатньо великий досвід їх використання.

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Riva, Flavio Luiz Russo. "Computerization, occupational tasks and the labor market: evidence from a natural experiment in Brazil." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/16233.

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Submitted by Flavio Riva (flaviorussoriva@gmail.com) on 2016-04-04T19:05:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 riva_2016_masters-thesis.pdf: 1824164 bytes, checksum: 22f9d6dede2c5d51e7f8b2c613d9e015 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Letícia Monteiro de Souza (leticia.dsouza@fgv.br) on 2016-04-04T20:07:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 riva_2016_masters-thesis.pdf: 1824164 bytes, checksum: 22f9d6dede2c5d51e7f8b2c613d9e015 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-05T12:13:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 riva_2016_masters-thesis.pdf: 1824164 bytes, checksum: 22f9d6dede2c5d51e7f8b2c613d9e015 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-18 The 'routinization' or 'routine-biased technological change' hypothesis states that computers substitute for routine tasks - those that follow procedures that can be codified into computer software - and complement nonroutine abstract tasks. This paper testssome natural predictions of 'routinization' on labor market outcomes of a large developing economy. We use the end of the Brazilian market reserve policy on mini- and microcomputers (October 1992) as a natural experiment generating exogenous variation in technology prices to identify the effects of computerization on wages and labor inputs. Using matched employer-employee longitudinal data, we show that labor input shifted more prominently toward nonroutine manual and away from routine tasks after the price shock. Also, two (three) years after the shock the partial effect of our occupational measure on real wages was approximately 5% (6%) higher, following the begin of the growth in the IT hardware market size. Jointly, these results contribute to a growing literature based on 'task approaches' by bringing testable implications of a plausibly exogenous computer price decline to a setting with a more credible source of identification. A hipótese de 'rotinização' ou estabelece que computadores substituem tarefas rotineiras e complementam tarefas abstratas não rotineiras. Essa dissertação de mestrado test algumas predições naturais sobre o impacto 'rotinização' sobre o mercado de trabalho de uma grande economia em desenvolvimento. Uso o final da política de reserva de mercado para mini e micro-computador (Outubro de 1992) como um experimento natural que gera variação exógena nos preços de tecnologia para identificar os efeitos do uso de computadores em salários e insumos de trabalho. Conjuntamente, os resultados contribuem para a crescente literatura sobre 'perspectiva das tarefas' por trazer implicações testáveis de um queda exógena de preços de computador em um contexto com uma estratégia de identificação crível.

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Zhang, Xiao Qi. "Value optimization for engineering tasks." Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=107913.

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Great competition drives the widespread application of lean value in many industries. Value identification and product delivery is challenging due to the various concerns of shareholders, the large number of disparate tasks, and the complex resource allocation process. The overall goal of this research, then, is to develop a value focused optimization process adopting an enterprise perspective by investigating value identification, decision support and resource allocation. Firstly, a multiple-attribute model is proposed to identify value covering all the important aspects of the decision objectives. Then, the large number of decision makers drives the development of a decision support method to determine value in an efficient and egalitarian way. Finally, the defined value is incorporated into a resource allocation procedure to optimize the value that is realized from limited resources. The research was validated through testing at an aerospace company. La concurrence importante entraîne la mise en place des valeurs 'Lean' dans de nombreuses industries. L'identification de la valeur et la livraison du produit sont difficiles à cause des diverses soucis des parties prenantes, le nombre important des tâches distribuées et le processus complexe d'allocation des ressources. L'objectif global de cette recherche est de développer un processus d'optimisation basé sur le concept de valeur. Cela se fait en adoptant une perspective d'entreprise qui s'investit sur l'identification de valeur, l'aide à la décision et l'allocation des ressources.Tout d'abord, un modèle multi-attribut est proposé afin de définir la valeur comme étant un concept qui couvre tous les aspects importants des objectifs de décision. Puis, une méthode d'aide à la décision est développée à l'aide d'un grand nombre de décideurs pour déterminer la valeur d'une manière efficace et égalitaire. Enfin, la valeur définie est incorporée dans une procédure d'allocation des ressources, pour optimiser la valeur telle que réalisée à partir des ressources limitées. La recherche a été validée à travers une implémentation dans une entreprise aérospatiale.

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Čepulis, Linas. "UAB „Alytaus agrotechnika“ kompiuterizavimas ir jo tyrimas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2004. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2004~D_20040909_163626-77446.

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The realization of this project was accomplished by means of Microsoft Access 2000. There was created database, graphical user interface, and integrated Microsoft Visual Basic for Applications was used to perform programming tasks. Abilities of this software are fully sufficient for these tasks. Selected design techniques and tools had proved themselves in solving software for small enterprises development problems. Software testing has proved that developed information system satisfies requirement specification.

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Choi, Chee Hung Ben. "Automata For Learning Sequential Tasks /." The Ohio State University, 1996. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487933648648672.

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Majumder, Deeptendu. "Towards enhanced information support for engineering design tasks." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/15846.

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McKenna, Jay (Jay P. ). "Performing overhead tasks with supernumerary robotic limbs." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/92199.

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Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2014. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. Includes bibliographical references (pages 46-47). Overhead tasks such as those frequently found in aircraft manufacturing pose health risks to the workers due to the strain imposed on the shoulders. To reduce the risk of injury, a set of supernumerary robotic limbs (SRL) were designed to perform these overhead tasks. The SRL is designed with limits in the hardware and software to protect the human and prevent collisions between robot and operator. The arms are designed to have a workspace above and in front of the head of the user free from singular configurations so the robot is free to operate where the tasks will be performed. To further protect the human, the mount that attaches the SRL to the shoulders was redesigned to be lighter and to better distribute the load. In this manner, the shoulders will become less fatigued from the static load of carrying the SRL To complete the task of positioning cables and routing them through the ceiling of an airplane, a winch end effector was designed to latch onto the fuselage arches and pull the cable through these arches. In order to control the SRL, the concept of principal components analysis was used to reduce the input space. This concept was specifically used to map the motion of the operator's hands onto the appropriate speed for the winch motor to operate. In this manner, the winch would pull the cable at the same rate that the human fed the cable. The human would then be able to control the speed of the winch simply by executing the task at whatever pace they so desired. by Jay McKenna. S.B.

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Erdmann, Michael Andreas. "On probabilistic strategies for robot tasks." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/49575.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1989. Includes bibliographical references (p. 267-275). by Michael A. Erdmann. Ph.D.

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Eygelaar, Anton Burger. "Resource constrained step scheduling of project tasks." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4494.

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Thesis (MScEng (Civil Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2008. Thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Civil Engineering at the University of Stellenbosch. ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The logical scheduling of activities in an engineering project currently relies heavily on the experience and intuition of the persons responsible for the schedule. In large projects the complexity of the schedule far exceeds the capacity of human intuition, and systematic techniques are required to compute a consistent sequence of activities. In this study a simple model of the engineering process is described. Based on certain specified relationships between components of the model, a consistent sequence of activities is determined in the form of a logical step schedule. The problem of resource constraints receives special attention. Engineering projects are often executed with limited resources and determining the impact of such restrictions on the logical step schedule is important. This study investigates activityshifting strategies to find a near-optimal sequence of activities that guarantees consistent evolution of deliverables while resolving resource conflicts within the context of logical step schedules. AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die logiese skedulering van aktiwiteite in ‘n ingenieursprojek steun swaar op die ondervinding en intuisie van die persone wat verantwoordelik is vir die skedule. In groot projekte is die kompleksiteit van die skedule veel hoër as die kapasiteit van die menslike intuisie, en sistematiese tegnieke word benodig om ‘n konsekwente volgorde van aktiwiteite te bereken. In hierdie studie word ‘n eenvoudige model van die ingenieursproses beskryf. Gebasseer op sommige relasies tussen komponente van die model, kan ‘n konsekwente volgorde van aktiwiteite bepaal word in die vorm van ‘n logiese stap-skedule. Die probleem van beperkte hulpbronne ontvang spesiale aandag. Ingenieursprojekte word dikwels uitgevoer met beperkte hulpbronne en dit is belangrik om die impak daarvan op die logiese stap-skedule te bepaal. Die studie ondersoek die gebruik van aktiwiteit-skuiwende strategieë om ‘n nabyoptimale volgorde van aktiwiteite te vind wat konsekwente ontwikkeling van die projekprodukte waarborg, terwyl hulpbron konflikte opgelos word binne die konteks van ‘n logiese stap-skedule.

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Phillips, Walter. "VHDL design of computer vision tasks." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2001. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/240.

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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information. Bachelors Engineering Computer Science

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Cocaud, Cedric. "Autonomous tasks allocation and path generation of UAV's." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27508.

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The feasibility and survivability of Unmanned Air Vehicles (UAV's) in field applications have been demonstrated during many of the recent conflicts. UAV's have the potential to reduce costs and personnel while performing certain missions such as surveillance and reconnaissance with higher efficiency and lower risks. Since it is now recognized that a single UAV cannot achieve all tasks required during a mission, the option of using fleets of UAV's with complementary capabilities is now explored. However, controlling and coordinating such fleets will be almost impossible when considering the overwhelming number of degrees of freedom and their associated constraints, if individual UAV do not possess a high level of autonomy. Addressing the need for intelligent controllers, this work presents a new approach for on-line trajectory planning of a single UAV. The approach uses a genetic algorithm and integrates constraints of different types including specific times of arrival, vectors of approach close to target points, multiple objectives, weather conditions and behavioural guidelines with respect to speed, altitude and obstacle distance. The UAV's controller is divided into three modules. The first one is a trajectory generator that uses an analytical model to simulate the dynamics of UAV's. It is used to compute new trajectories in 3D as well as to assess the feasibility of existing ones. The second module is a knowledge base that uses a hybrid octree structure to represent terrain in 3D. The octree compresses digital elevation data by setting the resolution of the UAV's internal map to different levels based on the homogeneity of the terrain. The third module is a Genetic Algorithm that finds and optimizes candidate trajectories which fulfill all objectives of a mission while taking in account a variable number of constraints with varying preponderance. Simulations have shown that the intelligent controller could find viable trajectories within 10 to 20 seconds for missions with a single objective, demonstrating the feasibility of using this control scheme for real-time path planning for UAV's. Dynamically feasible trajectories satisfying all constraints could also be found for missions with up to three objectives. However, real time capabilities were severely reduced for such complex missions, the average computing time varying from 200 to 450 seconds. In all cases, all resulting trajectories were dynamically feasible, and could be readily used by the autopilot.

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Buckman, Noam (Noam M. ). "Decentralized task allocation for dynamic, time-sensitive tasks." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/120195.

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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2018. This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections. Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis. Includes bibliographical references (pages 103-110). In time-sensitive and dynamic missions, autonomous vehicles must respond quickly to new information and objectives. In the case of dynamic task allocation, a team of agents are presented with a new, unknown task that must be allocated with their original allocations. This is exacerbated further in decentralized settings where agents are limited to utilizing local information during the allocation process. This thesis presents a fully decentralized, dynamic task allocation algorithm that extends the Consensus-Based Bundle Algorithm (CBBA) to allow for allocating new tasks. Whereas static CBBA requires a full resetting of previous allocations, CBBA with Partial Replanning (CBBA-PR) enables the agents to only partially reset their allocations to efficiently and quickly allocate a new task. By varying the number of existing tasks that are reset during replan, the team can trade-off convergence speed with amount of coordination. By specifically choosing the lowest bid tasks for resetting, CBBA-PR is shown to converge linearly with the number of tasks reset and the network diameter of the team. In addition, limited replanning methods are presented for scenarios without sufficient replanning time. These include a single reset bidding procedure for agents at capacity, a no-replanning heuristic that can identify scenarios that does not require replanning, and a subteam formation algorithm for reducing the network diameter. Finally, this thesis describes hardware and simulation experiments used to explore the effects of ad-hoc, decentralized communication on consensus algorithms and to validate the performance of CBBA-PR. by Noam Buckman. S.M.

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Charny, Leonid. "Adaptive goal-setting in tasks with multiple criteria." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/14187.

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Nemati, Farhang. "Partitioned Scheduling of Real-Time Tasks on Multi-core Platforms." Licentiate thesis, Mälardalen University, School of Innovation, Design and Engineering, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-9595.

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In recent years multiprocessor architectures have become mainstream, and multi-core processors are found in products ranging from small portable cell phones to large computer servers. In parallel, research on real-time systems has mainly focused on traditional single-core processors. Hence, in order for real-time systems to fully leverage on the extra capacity offered by new multi-core processors, new design techniques, scheduling approaches, and real-time analysis methods have to be developed.In the multi-core and multiprocessor domain there are mainly two scheduling approaches, global and partitioned scheduling. Under global scheduling each task can execute on any processor at any time while under partitioned scheduling tasks are statically allocated to processors and migration of tasks among processors is not allowed. Besides simplicity and efficiency of partitioned scheduling protocols, existing scheduling and synchronization methods developed for single-core processor platforms can more easily be extended to partitioned scheduling. This also simplifies migration of existing systems to multi-cores. An important issue related to partitioned scheduling is distribution of tasks among processors which is a bin-packing problem.In this thesis we propose a partitioning framework for distributing tasks on the processors of multi-core platforms. Depending on the type of performance we desire to achieve, the framework may distribute a task set differently, e.g., in an application in which tasks process huge amounts of data the goal of the framework may be to decrease cache misses.Furthermore, we propose a blocking-aware partitioning heuristic algorithm to distribute tasks onto the processors of a multi-core architecture. The objective of the proposed algorithm is to decrease blocking overhead of tasks which reduces the total utilization and has the potential to reduce the number of required processors.Finally, we have implemented a tool to facilitate evaluation and comparison of different multiprocessor scheduling and synchronization approaches, as well as different partitioning heuristics. We have applied the tool in the evaluation of several partitioning heuristic algorithms, and the tool is flexible to which any new scheduling or synchronization protocol as well as any new partitioning heuristic can easily be added.

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Rowcliffe, Phillip. "Training biologically plausible neurons for use in engineering tasks." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.437463.

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Deshpande, Ashwin. "Learning probabilistic relational dynamics for multiple tasks." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/41648.

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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 57-58). While large data sets have enabled machine learning algorithms to act intelligently in complex domains, standard machine learning algorithms perform poorly in situations in which little data exists for the desired target task. Transfer learning attempts to extract trends from the data of similar source tasks to enhance learning in the target task. We apply transfer learning to probabilistic rule learning to learn the dynamics of a target world. We utilize a hierarchical Bayesian framework and specify a generative model which dictates the probabilities of task data, task rulesets and a common global ruleset. Through a greedy coordinated-ascent algorithm, the source tasks contribute towards building the global ruleset which can then be used as a prior to supplement the data from the target ruleset. Simulated experimental results in a variety of blocks-world domains suggest that employing transfer learning can provide significant accuracy gains over traditional single task rule learning algorithms. by Ashwin Deshpande. M.Eng.

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Sayyaparaju, Vedha. "User-designed background tasks in App inventor." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/100626.

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Thesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2015. This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections. Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis. Includes bibliographical references (page 70). In this thesis, I describe how I designed and built multiple components and extensions to App Inventor 2 that will allow application builders to create custom services and background tasks and to build applications that can interact with these services and tasks. Previously, the App Inventor platform only supported the creation of applications which had a screen in the foreground at all times. As such, the main abstraction of App Inventor was this notion of a "Screen". These screens could launch certain tasks to run in the background, but they were limited to the few tasks that were exposed by the App Inventor interface. Application builders could not design and customize their own background tasks. This restricted App Inventor users from building certain types of applications, for example, a music player application or an application that has heavy network communication. To enable users to build such applications, I extended the App Inventor platform to expose a "Task" object in addition to the existing "Screen" object. I created a messaging system which would allow Screens and Tasks to communicate with each other. I also developed additional task components that could be contained in these new Task objects. Users can customize the functionality of Tasks by putting together multiple task components. In this way, App Inventor users can now build more functional applications and explore a part of the Android SDK that was previously out of reach. by Vedha Sayyaparaju. M. Eng.

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Deshpande, Pawan. "Decoding algorithms for complex natural language tasks." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/41647.

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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 79-85). This thesis focuses on developing decoding techniques for complex Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. The goal of decoding is to find an optimal or near optimal solution given a model that defines the goodness of a candidate. The task is challenging because in a typical problem the search space is large, and the dependencies between elements of the solution are complex. The goal of this work is two-fold. First, we are interested in developing decoding techniques with strong theoretical guarantees. We develop a decoding model based on the Integer Linear Programming paradigm which is guaranteed to compute the optimal solution and is capable of accounting for a wide range of global constraints. As an alternative, we also present a novel randomized algorithm which can guarantee an arbitrarily high probability of finding the optimal solution. We apply these methods to the task of constructing temporal graphs and to the task of title generation. Second, we are interested in carefully investigating the relations between learning and decoding. We build on the Perceptron framework to integrate the learning and decoding procedures into a single unified process. We use the resulting model to automatically generate tables-of-contents, structures with deep hierarchies and rich contextual dependencies. In all three natural language tasks, our experimental results demonstrate that theoretically grounded and stronger decoding strategies perform better than existing methods. As a final contribution, we have made the source code for these algorithms publicly available for the NLP research community. by Pawan Deshpande. M.Eng.

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Naumann, Tristan. "Leveraging text representations for clinical predictive tasks." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/118090.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2018. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. Includes bibliographical references (pages 93-102). The increasing prevalence of digitized clinical data creates new opportunities to use machine learning to unlock clinical insights, and ultimately improve healthcare delivery. However, while data from Electronic Health Records (EHRs) have become common, they present unique challenges. Clinical data are noisy, sparse, irregularly sampled, and often biased in their recording of health state and care patterns. Further, much of the most important information used by care staff is recorded in unstructured text notes that are not easily deciphered by non-experts. In this work, we present machine learning methods that distill large amounts of text-based clinical data into latent representations. These representations are then used to predict a variety of important outcomes. In particular, we focus on prediction tasks that can provide evidence-based risk assessment and forecasting in settings with guidelines that have not traditionally been data-driven. We consider several abstractions for clinical narrative text, and evaluate their utility on common predictive tasks, such as mortality and readmission. We argue that a "good" representation will improve performance on these tasks and that multiple representations may be necessary, as different models excel on differing tasks. We present three case studies in which we use representations of clinical text to improve performance of clinical prediction tasks. First, we augment predictive models that used baseline clinical features by including features from clinical progress notes [31].These features are derived using Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) and incorporated as features using per-patient topic membership. Notably, this representation has the benefit of interpretable topics over which each patient can be represented as a distribution. Second, we explore the expressive power of clinical prose by evaluating the performance of several common models on both downstream clinical tasks and their ability to identify information contained in patients' notes [7]. This stands in contrast to much prior work that positions the utility of a given model solely with respect to its ability to improve downstream clinical performance. Such extrinsic evaluations are blind to much of the insight contained in the notes, thus motivating the need for intrinsic evaluations. Finally, we use the text-based metadata associated with EHR encodings to allow the transfer of predictive models from one database to another [35]. Existing machine learning methods typically assume consistency in how semantically equivalent information is encoded. However, the way information is recorded differs across institutions and over time, often rendering potentially useful data obsolescent. To address this problem, we map database-specific representations of the information to a shared set of semantic concepts, thus allowing models to be built from or transition across different databases. by Tristan Naumann. Ph. D.

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Eiríksdóttir, Elsa. "Strategies for Using Instructions in Procedural Tasks." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/14500.

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The study examined whether an instruction-based strategy (studying the instructions before attempting the task) or a task-based strategy (attempting the task and referencing instructions) was more effective for procedural performance and learning. Four groups of participants learned to perform macram tasks and assembly tasks, and received detailed instructions at different times in the process of attempting the tasks. Performance was assessed at training and a week later by recording task completion time, correctness, and subjective cognitive load. The strategy for using instructions affected initial performance on the macram tasks, where instruction-based strategy was superior, but not later retention or transfer. This pattern of results was not found for the assembly tasks indicating that characteristics of the tasks influenced the effectiveness of the strategy for using instructions.

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Cho, Daniel. "Identifying the Essential Reliability, Availability, and Maintainability Tasks for Aerospace Systems." Digital Commons at Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School, 2011. https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/etd/379.

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This report provides the essential Reliability, Availability, and Maintainability (RAM) tasks that can be applicable to all types of aerospace projects varying in contract cost and complexity. The drive for this study was to identify a set of tailorable tasks to apply towards smaller aerospace programs. Though the report is specifically focused on aerospace projects, these essential RAM tasks and principles can be applied across all types of complex systems that require a high level of reliability. Methods of analysis were primarily focused on comparing Northrop Grumman Aerospace System (NGAS) reliability processes to the commercial industries best practices for reliability. A paper study of reliability plans and interviews of key reliability engineers were used to baseline the reliability process at NGAS. To baseline the commercial industry processes, a paper study was performed on best practices and lessons learned. Results indicate that NGAS processes for RAM are lean and effective. Over 16 programs plans were reviewed, which dated from the 1970's to current programs, and they all show a consistent process for conducting reliability analysis. On the contrary, the commercial industry RAM practices are inconsistent and are still being matured. Of the commercial industries reviewed, the nuclear power industry best matched the reliability processes with NGAS. Based on interviews and paper studies, the essential RAM activities are summed up by two activities, the Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA), and Reliability Predictions/ Analysis. These two tasks provide the highest value in achieving the programs reliability goals. Current NGAS RAM practices match the best practices performed in the commercial industry, but tailoring and scope reduction is necessary when applying these practices for smaller aerospace programs. Based of program budget and complexity, this paper provides the recommendations for tailoring the essential reliability tasks, the FMEA and Reliability Predictions. Specific instructions were provided on how to tailor the essential reliability tasks to obtain the highest value based on the program budget and complexity. These basic instructions can be summarized as: All complex programs, regardless of budget should perform a functional FMEA. As complexity and budget increases, additional detailed FMEAs shall be performed for units of risk Based on the FMEA, a Critical Items List shall be created and managed to closure. It is vital that there is a plan to work off any reliability risks Part count method should be performed if budget and time are limited. Part stress method often uses outdated failure rate databases, causing over conservative predictions. There is higher value to the program to perform a part count method to identify areas of concern in the design

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Huculak, Michael. "Compliant motion for tasks involving impact, time constraints and uncertainty." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60023.

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Robot manipulators can have difficulties when coming into contact with their environment if there is uncertainty in the system parameters. These difficulties include large impact forces and long task completion times. A design goal is to present trajectory generation and control strategies to overcome these problems. A cost function based on the magnitude of the largest possible impact force and the longest possible time to complete the task is minimized with respect to the trajectory parameters to yield an optimal trajectory. The cost function is determined by bounds given to the unknown parameters. These parameters are estimated in order to improve performance. The one dimensional problem of manipulating a load along a horizontal surface including contact with a vertical surface is simulated. The mass of the load and the force of Coulombic friction are estimated. The simulations show that the optimal trajectory presented in this thesis provides a good tradeoff between impact force reduction and reduction in task completion times. Moreover, the simulations show that the use of parameter estimation significantly improves performance as measured by the aforementioned cost function.

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Alverio, Julian(Julian A. ). "Zero-shot learning to execute tasks with robots." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/129898.

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Thesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, February, 2020 Cataloged from student-submitted PDF of thesis. Includes bibliographical references (pages 41-42). This thesis explores multiple approaches for improving the state of the art in robotic planning with reinforcement learning. We are interested in designing a generalizable framework with several features, namely: allowing for zero-shot learning agents that are robust and resilient in the event of failing midway during a task, allowing us to detect failures, and being highly generalizable to new environments. Initially, we focused mostly on training agents that are resilient in the event of failure and robust to changing environments. For this, we first explore the use of deep Q networks to control a robot. Upon finding deep Q learning too unstable, we determine that Q networks alone are insufficient for attaining true resilience. Second, we explore the use of more powerful actor-critic methods, augmented with hindsight experience replay (HER). We determine that approaches requiring low-dimensional representations of the environment, such as HER, will not scale gracefully to handle more complex environments. Finally, we explore the use of generative models to learn a reward function that tightly couples the context of a linguistic command to the reward of a reinforcement learning agent. We hypothesize that a learned reward function will satisfy all of our criteria, and is part of our ongoing research. by Julian Alverio. M. Eng. M.Eng. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science

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Bright, Lawrence (Lawrence Zack). "Supernumerary robotic limbs for human augmentation in overhead assembly tasks." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/111770.

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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2017. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. Includes bibliographical references (pages 91-95). Manufacturing tasks are highly demanding of work, and there is an especially high prevalence of injury associated with overhead tasks which are taxing to the shoulder and upper body. To assist workers completing these tasks, and to increase overall productivity, safety and effectiveness, we introduce a novel design of Supernumerary Robotic Limb (SRL). This is a robotic arm worn on the shoulder of the technician/- worker which extends the human capability with implicit force control algorithms that allow for intuitive control and interface of the extra robot arm. Affectionately dubbed Aucto, the robotic arm can lift an object and hold it while the wearer is securing the object using a tool with both hands. The worker does not have to take a laborious posture for a long time, reducing fatigue and injuries. Furthermore, a single worker can execute the task, which would otherwise require two workers. Two technical challenges and novel solutions are presented. One is to make the wearable robot simple and lightweight with use of a new type of granular jamming gripper that can grasp diverse objects from an arbitrary direction. This eliminates the need for orienting the gripper against the object with three-axis wrist joints, reducing the number of degrees of freedom (DOF) from 6 to 3. The other is an effective control algorithm that allows the wearer to move freely while the robot on the shoulder is holding an object. Unlike a robot sitting on a floor, the SRL worn by a human is disturbed by the movement of the wearer. An admittance-based control algorithm allows the robot to hold the object stably and securely despite the human movement and changes in posture. A 3 DOF prototype robot with a new granular jamming gripper and an ergonomic body mounting gear is developed and tested. It is demonstrated that the robot can hold a large object securely in the overhead area despite the movement of the wearer while performing an assembly work. by Lawrence 'Zack' Bright. S.M.

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Henrot, Camille (Camille Ida). "Characterization of whip targeting kinematics in discrete and rhythmic tasks." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/105704.

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Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2016. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. Includes bibliographical references (page 45). Robotic control of complex objects is inferior to that of humans despite superior communication, sensors and actuators. Therefore, studying human control of complex dynamic objects, in particular a bullwhip, should reveal how humans may achieve superior dexterity. An expert whip-cracker performing two distinct targeting tasks, discrete and rhythmic, was observed using the Qualisys 3D motion capture software. The objective was to investigate the kinematics of the whip, the kinematics of the subject's arm while controlling the whip and the differences between discrete and rhythmic tasks. The subject was able to expertly perform both targeting tasks with excellent targeting accuracy. The study confirmed the existence of a wave propagating down the whip as stated in prior work. Furthermore, a distinct difference between discrete and rhythmic tasks was observed in the reproducibility of position profiles, reproducibility of phase profiles, and the waveforms of elbow and wrist angles. Finally, the whip trajectory was substantially confined to a plane. In contrast with claims made in prior work, this plane was found to be distinct from the parasagittal plane and slanted with respect to it. by Camille Henrot. S.B.

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McCarragher, Brenan Joseph. "A discrete event dynamic systems approach to robotic assembly tasks." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/12887.

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Bright, Lawrence (Lawrence Zack). "Supernumerary robotic limbs for human augmentation in overhead assembly tasks." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/111770.

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Huang, James, and James Huang. "Knowledge Enhanced Compressive Measurement Design: Detection and Estimation Tasks." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621121.

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Compressive imaging exploits the inherent sparsity/compressibility of natural scenes to reduce the number of measurements required for reliable reconstruction/recovery. In many applications, however, additional scene prior information beyond sparsity (such as natural scene statistics) and task prior information may also be available. While current efforts on compressive measurement design attempt to exploit such scene and task priors in a heuristic/ad-hoc manner, in this dissertation, we develop a principled information-theoretic approach to this design problem that is able to fully exploit a probabilistic description (i.e. scene prior) of relevant scenes for a given task, along with the appropriate physical design constraints (e.g. photon count/exposure time) towards maximizing the system performance. We apply this information-theoretic framework to optimize compressive measurement designs, in EO/IR and X-ray spectral bands, for various detection/classification and estimation tasks. More specifically, we consider image reconstruction and target detection/classification tasks, and for each task we develop an information-optimal design framework for both static and adaptive measurements within parallel and sequential measurement architectures. For the image reconstruction task we show that the information-optimal static compressive measurement design is able to achieve significantly better compression ratios (and also reduced detector count, readout power/bandwidth) relative to various state-of-the-art compressive designs in the literature. Moreover, within a sequential measurement architecture our information-optimal adaptive design is able to successfully learn scene information online, i.e. from past measurement, and adapt next measurement (in a greedy sense) towards improving the measurement information efficiency, thereby providing additional performance gains beyond the corresponding static measurement design. We also develop a non-greedy adaptive measurement design framework for a face recognition task that is able to surpass the greedy adaptive design performance, by (strategically) maximizing the the long-term cumulative system performance over all measurements. Such a non-greedy adaptive design is also able to predict the optimal number of measurements for a fixed system measurement resource (e.g. photon-count). Finally, we develop a scalable (computationally) information-theoretic design framework to an X-ray threat detection task and demonstrate that information-optimized measurements can achieve a 99% threat detection threshold using 4x fewer exposures compared to a conventional system. Equivalently, the false alarm rate of the optimized measurements is reduced by nearly an order of magnitude relative to the conventional measurement design.

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Zetterlund, Olof. "Optimization of Vehicle Powertrain Model Complexity for Different Driving Tasks." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Fordonssystem, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-122682.

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This master thesis has examined how the understanding of different driving tasks can be used to develop a suitable powertrain model to be used in the Sim III simulator at VTI. Studies performed in the simulator have been statistically analyzed using parameters commonly used to describe driving patterns in drive cycles. It has been shown that the studies can be divided into three driving tasks: "High constant velocity", "High velocity with evasive maneuver", and "Mixed driving". Furthermore, a powertrain model from a former master thesis has been further developed. The new model utilizes a 3D torque map that takes engine speed, accelerator pedal position and gear as input. Using measurements, from the chassis dynamometers laboratory at LiU, that resembles the derived driving tasks, it has been shown that the performance of the new model has significantly increased for high velocity driving and during maximum acceleration. However, when using the clutch at low speeds and gears the model still performs poorly and needs further development.

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Hofmann, Andreas G. (Andreas Gunther). "Robust execution of bipedal walking tasks from biomechanical principles." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/38444.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2006. Includes bibliographical references (p. 348-352). Effective use of robots in unstructured environments requires that they have sufficient autonomy and agility to execute task-level commands successfully. A challenging example of such a robot is a bipedal walking machine. Such a robot should be able to walk to a particular location within a particular time, while observing foot placement constraints, and avoiding a fall, if this is physically possible. Although stable walking machines have been built, the problem of task-level control, where the tasks have stringent state-space and temporal requirements, and where significant disturbances may occur, has not been studied extensively. This thesis addresses this problem through three objectives. The first is to devise a plan specification where task requirements are expressed in a qualitative form that provides for execution flexibility. The second is to develop a task-level executive that accepts such a plan, and outputs a sequence of control actions that result in successful plan execution. The third is to provide this executive with disturbance handling ability. Development of such an executive is challenging because the biped is highly nonlinear and has limited actuation due to its limited base of support. We address these challenges with three key innovations. (cont.) To address the nonlinearity, we develop a dynamic virtual model controller to linearize the biped, and thus, provide an abstracted biped that is easier to control. The controller is model-based, but uses a sliding control technique to compensate for model inaccuracy. To address the under-actuation, our system generates flow tubes, which define valid operating regions in the abstracted biped. The flow tubes represent sets of state trajectories that take into account dynamic limitations due to under-actuation, and also satisfy plan requirements. The executive keeps trajectories in the flow tubes by adjusting a small number of control parameters for key state variables in the abstracted biped, such as center of mass. Additionally, our system uses a novel strategy that employs angular momentum to enhance translational controllability of the system's center of mass. We evaluate our approach using a high-fidelity biped simulation. Tests include walking with foot-placement constraints, kicking a soccer ball, and disturbance recovery. by Andreas G. Hofmann. Ph.D.

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Lee, Hyo-Dong. "Visual tasks beyond categorization for training convolutional neural networks." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/106095.

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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2016. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. Includes bibliographical references (pages 21-23). Humans can perceive a variety of visual properties of objects besides their category. In this paper, we explore- whether convolutional neural networks (CNNs) can also learn object-related variables. The models are trained for object position, size and pose, respectively, from synthetic images and tested on unseen held-out objects. First, we show that some object properties come "for free" from learning others, and pose-optimized model can generalize to both categorical and non-categorical variables. Second, we demonstrate that pre-training the model with pose facilitates learning object categories from both synthetic and realistic images. by Hyodong Lee. S.M.

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O'Reilly, Philippe. "Planning robotic tasks for impedance controllers in oscillating and uncertain environments." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ37278.pdf.

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Austin, Mary Viva. "Improving Aerospace Engineering Laboratory Accessibility by Web Exporting Classes and Tasks." MSSTATE, 2005. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-04042005-044515/.

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In recent years, changes to the aerospace engineering curriculum have moved the laboratory classes ahead in the four year program. In an effort to alleviate the introduction of prerequisite and scheduling problems resulting from the curriculum changes, a study into the approach of making laboratory classes more accessible was initiated. Two options are in the process of being implemented as a solution to current and future curriculum obstacles as a result of this study. First, the first semester laboratory class has been successfully converted to an introduction to laboratory procedures class with the option of taking the lecture portion via the Web. Secondly, present preparations are underway to offer the entire introductory laboratory class via the Web. An in-depth analysis into laboratory tasks selected for the introductory class on laboratory procedures is presented, along with methods implemented, current results and suggestions for the future complete conversion into a virtual class.

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Eisenstat, Zachary M. (Zachary Miles). "Improving visio-motor coordination in non-dominant hands through tracing tasks." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/36306.

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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2006. Includes bibliographical references (leaf 21). Visuo-motor skills are essential in the performance of various everyday tasks. These skills can be impaired in several neurological conditions. Effective rehabilitation schemes are needed in order to improve visuo-motor coordination in such subjects. This study will propose and test a training regimen as a potential approach for improving fine eye-hand coordination. It will also seek to understand the significance of feedback in visuo-motor improvement. We tested three groups of subjects: those who received training with feedback, those who received training without feedback, and a control group that received no training. The results indicate the effectiveness of our training routine and also highlight the importance of feedback in improving eye-hand coordination. by Zachary M. Eisenstat. S.B.

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DiCicco, Matthew A. (Matthew Adam). "Force control of heavy lift manipulators for high precision insertion tasks." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/32365.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, June 2005. "May 2005." Leaf 81 blank. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 67-70). The inherent strength of robotic manipulators can be used to assist humans in performing heavy lifting tasks. These robots reduce manpower, reduce fatigue, and increase productivity. This thesis deals with the development of a control system for a robot being built for this purpose. The task for this robot is to lift heavy payloads while performing complex insertion tasks. This task must be completed on the deck of a naval vessel where possible disturbances include wind, rain, poor visibility, and dynamic loads induced by a swaying deck. The primary objective of the controller being designed here is to allow for insertion of the payload despite tight positioning tolerances and disturbances like surface friction, joint friction, and dynamic loads from ship motions. A control structure designed for intuitive interaction between the robot and operator is analyzed and shown to be stable using an established environment interaction model. The controller is shown to perform within established specifications via numerical simulation based on simple user inputs. An additional objective of this controller design is to prevent part jamming during the insertion task. With a large, powerful manipulator, the chances of a jam occurring is high. Without the use of bilateral force feedback, it will be difficult for the operator feel when these jams will occur and there will be no information about how to prevent them. This thesis analyzes the geometry and mechanics of the jamming problem and derives a control system to assist the user in preventing these jams. These methods can be extended to other insertion tasks simply by specifying the appropriate geometry. by Matthew A. DiCicco. S.M.

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Holmes, Paul. "Towards a person-centric interface for information re-finding and sharing tasks." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/55490/.

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After the identification of the role that the connections between people and information can play in supporting personal information tasks, some means of exploiting these connections to support information re-finding and sharing were considered. Some past research has examined the use of people in relation to information to perform information tasks, primarily applied to information re-finding and sharing. This small body of work, however, has not explored in depth a basis for how best to design interfaces focused on people, to support users in performing personal information tasks in this manner. Two further studies were therefore conducted to explore how to design interfaces that support a greater focus on people -- interfaces that are 'person-centric' in nature. The first of these studies provided a basis for how to design interfaces focused on the use of people for personal information tasks, and the second evaluated a 'person-centric' design based on the findings of the prior study. Designing interfaces that provide a means of accessing or sharing information through interaction with personal contacts requires a means of organising and representing those contacts. Just as the diary study revealed some of the prominent dimensions that information is recalled and ordered by, the design of 'person-centric' interfaces requires a similar understanding of what dimensions influence how to structure and order contacts. In order to design an interface based on supporting information tasks using people as a central component of the interface, how people think about relationships between their contacts and how people would choose to represent their contacts was examined. This was approached in two ways. First, through use of a modified repertory grid method, whereby participants made comparisons between many combinations of their own personal contacts to elicit constructs which described the different forms of relationships they perceived between their contacts. Second, through participants making free-hand drawings that illustrated how they would choose to represent all of their contacts. From analysing this data a categorisation of the different forms of contact groups people perceived was generated. Applying this to the data revealed which forms of expressing relationships were most prevalent, which at the highest level were those related to organisations, locations, relationship types and events. Different forms of representations of contacts, which each structured the contacts in different ways, were also identified from the data. These representations each emphasised different aspects such as overlaps between groups of contacts, the relative importance of contacts, the location of contacts, and the links between contacts. A prototype 'person-centric' system was then developed to evaluate a range of 'person-centric' design concepts for supporting people in performing information sharing and re-finding tasks. This incorporated design ideas based on examination of the re-finding behaviours from the diary study and the examination of contact relationships and representations. The prototype system extracted contacts with whom the user had reciprocated contact from their email and Facebook accounts, as well as related messages, files and links. The user was then able to use the system to create groups of contacts, which could then later be used to aid performing information sharing and re-finding tasks through a series of different 'person-centric' interface presentations. The structure of these presentations could be changed, re-ordered, and filtered based on the results of the repertory grid and free-hand diagramming, which provided a basis for understanding different ways people may wish to order or filter contacts, and the different ways to structure contacts in an interface. The prototype was evaluated in two parts. In the first part the process of contact grouping was studied, and in the second part the design ideas and the use of people as a primary unit of interaction was evaluated. In both parts of the evaluation participants performed think-aloud protocol while interacting with the interfaces to perform the tasks, which was recorded using audio and video capture. In the evaluation of the contact grouping two grouping interface designs were used. The participant's task with the interfaces was to group all of their contacts in each interface condition. The aim of this was to explore what constituted a meaningful contact group and to understand what role interface design played in this. In the re-finding and information sharing interface evaluation participants were questioned about their personal data in order to generate tasks to re-find information, or items to share from their personal data using the prototype system. Using the identified information items, tasks were set using four different representations that supported information sharing and re-finding. These tasks aimed to evaluate the utility of the different 'person-centric' design concepts that had been identified. Following both parts of the evaluation interviews were conducted to understand the experiences and preferences of the participants in using the different interfaces. From the two part evaluation, the decision-making processes of constructing groups and the factors that influence that process were outlined, as well as preferences and behaviour regarding different features of the interfaces that supported performing the information tasks. Evaluation of design ideas from the previous two studies through the prototype confirmed the value of utilising connections made between people and information when re-finding information, and allowed factors that have implications for 'person-centric' interface design to be identified in relation to how contacts and groups should be represented. Through its examination of the use of connections that are made between people and information when performing personal information tasks and the representation of people in interface design, this thesis provides a greater degree of understanding of typical information re-finding behaviours, the representation and relationships of people in interfaces for performing information tasks, the process of constructing contact groups and what constitutes a meaningful contact grouping. It contributes guidelines that inform how to design 'person-centric' interfaces in relation to the structure of representations, ordering and filtering of contacts, and the linking of information to contacts. An improved understanding of the processes involved in contact group creation and factors that influence it with implications for supporting for manual, semi-automated, and automated group creation and identification. As well as a more complete picture of what information re-finding entails through analytical frameworks that describe the how, what, and why of re-finding tasks.

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Reyna, Marquez Steffany. "Stabilization of Manually Controlled Sight-Systems for Tracking Tasks." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-278490.

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In this thesis, we analyze the influence of an operator during manual control tasks in order toimprove her tracking ability. The operator sends control commands to a sight system so that shecan, among other things, track a target. This system is driven by a static non-linear function,also called joystick’s control characteristic which shapes the operator’s input.To analyze the sight-system’s dynamics, we create a model of the operator based on theTustin-McRuer pilot model through measurements taken from the system itself. We use closedloopidentification to estimate the parameters of the operator model. During the measurements,it was seen that the operator has an adaptive behaviour and that her behaviour depends on thejoystick’s control characteristic. Therefore the model is updated so that her gain can be modeledusing a Gain-Scheduling controller.Results show that the operator is able to adapt to the system fast and this fast adaptionmakes getting an accurate model di I detta arbete analyserar vi operatörens påverkan vid manual tracking tasks för att förbättrahans förmåga att följa ett mål. Operatören skickar kommandon till ett siktessystem så att hon, bland annat, kan följa ett mål. Systemet drivs av en statisk olinjäritet, även kallad joystikens kontroll karaktäristik, vilken modifierar operatörens input.För att analysera siktessystemets dynamik så skapar vi en modell av opeatören baserat på Tustin-McRuer pilotmodell genom mätningar tagna från systemet. Vi använder closed-loop identifiering för att estimera parametrarna för operatörsmodellen. Under mätningarna såg vi att operatören har ett adaptivt beteende och att hennes beteende beror på joystikens kontroll karaktäristik. Därför updaterar vi modellen så att hennes förstärkning kan styras genom GainScheduling regulatorn.Resultaten visar att operatören snabbt anpassar sig till systemet och att denna adaption gör det komplicerat att få en exakt modell. Eftersom mål-signalen som vi använde under simuleringarna beräknades från mättningar av feloch utsignalen så kunde vi inte simmulera en olinjär funktion som divergerade mycket från den som användes i siktessystemet. Genom att designa en ny kontroll karaktäristik för joysticken så kan vi minska följefelet med 8% i simulationer. För att ytterligare förbättra resultaten krävs dock att man adderar ett lead-filter för att öka det öppnasystemets fasmarginal.

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Saleh, Nasser. "Collaborative information behavior in learning tasks: a study of engineering students." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=114447.

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Collaborative information behaviour is an emerging area in information science that deals with the identification, seeking, searching, and use of information by two or more people to accomplish a task. This dissertation investigates the collaborative information behaviour of senior undergraduate engineering students working on group design-projects at a Canadian university. The dissertation presents a longitudinal research using a constructivist grounded theory methodology in two different but related studies undertaken in successive academic years. The main research method consisted of a web-based survey, bimonthly semi-structured interviews with eight students, and the project deliverables for six different project groups. Project deliverables included weekly reports that described group and project activities, and the projects' interim and final reports. The research results show that learning tasks associated with engineering design projects were information-intensive tasks; information seeking, searching, and use have been ongoing needed activities during the lifespan of these projects. There was found to be a strong relationship among learning task stages and phases, task complexity, and collaborative information behavior. Collaborative information behaviors occurred variably at different project stages and levels, and their nature were task-dependent. Students' perception of task complexity triggered collaborative seeking and use of a variety of information sources, with preferences for information from perceived subject-experts. It was also found, in many situations, when students' perceived task complexity increased, their information behavior tended to be more collaborative.The study highlighted the need for groups to construct and share a collaborative situation awareness in order to maintain and regulate their activities in information seeking and use; this shared awareness was enabled by students' interactions in their group meetings or their use of collaborative software tools for information sharing. Learners sought and created meaning from information through collaborative information synthesis over long intervals by prioritizing, judging relevance, and building connections of information. The research investigated collaborative information behavior in learning tasks through a detailed analysis of findings that resulted in a holistic conceptual framework illustrating the dynamic interplay of the components of task-based collaborative information behavior in learning tasks. Collaborative information behavior was conceptualized with details in its three distinct but interrelated dimensions: (1) learner's knowledge, (2) learners' activities and interactions, and (3) information objects; the representation of interdependence of these three dimensions confirmed the complexity of collaborative information behavior as a human behavior that cannot be investigated by focusing on a single dimension and eliminating the other ones.The dissertation presents original research that extends our conceptual understanding of students' collaborative information behavior in learning tasks and also provides more insights into how collaborative information behaviors are dynamically shaped by the characteristics of the learning task. Le comportement informationnel collaboratif est un sujet émergent en sciences de l'information qui est relié aux moments où deux acteurs ou plus cherchent, repèrent, sélectionnent et utilisent l'information pour accomplir une tâche. Cette thèse propose une étude sur le comportement informationnel collaboratif des étudiants de premier cycle en génie dans le contexte de projets de groupe en conception technique offert dans une université canadienne.La thèse décrit une recherche longitudinale utilisant deux études différentes, mais connexes, menées dans des années successives. Les méthodes principales de recherche consistaient en un sondage en ligne, entretiens semi-structurés avec huit étudiants chaque deux mois, et la collection des éléments livrables des six différents groupes. Les livrables des projets comprenaient des rapports hebdomadaires qui décrivaient les activités des groupes et aussi les rapports intermédiaires et finaux des projets.Les résultats présentés dans cette thèse montrent que les tâches d'apprentissages associées à des projets de conception technique ont été intensives de l'usage d'information, la recherche et l'utilisation de l'information étaient des activités nécessaires que continuaient pendant la durée de ces projets. Il a été constaté une forte corrélation entre les stades et phases de tâches d'apprentissage, la complexité des tâches, et le comportement informationnel collaboratif. Les comportements informationnels se sont produits variablement à différentes étapes du projet, et leur nature étaient dépendantes sur les tâches. La perception qu'ont les étudiants de la complexité des tâches déclenchées le recherche et l'utilisation d'information en collaboration d'une variété de sources d'information, avec des préférences pour l'information obtenu des spécialistes dans le domaine du projet. On a également constaté, dans des nombreuses situations, lorsque la complexité perçue de la tâche par des étudiants a augmenté, leur comportement informationnel avait tendance à être plus collaboratif.L'étude souligne la nécessité de groupes de construire et partager une connaissance de la situation de collaboration dans le but du projet, de maintenir et de réglementer leurs activités dans la recherche et l'utilisation d'information; cette prise de conscience partagée a été activée par les interactions des étudiants dans leurs réunions de groupe ou leur utilisation d'outils logiciels de collaboration pour partager d'information. Les apprenants ont cherché et créé signification de l'information grâce à la synthèse d'information collaboratif sur de longs intervalles par ordre de priorité, à en juger la pertinence et l'établissement de liens d'information.La recherche a enquêté le comportement informationnel collaboratif dans les tâches d'apprentissage par le biais d'une analyse détaillée des conclusions qui ont abouti à un cadre conceptuel holistique illustrant l'interaction dynamique des composantes du comportement informationnel collaboratif basé sur la nature de la tâche d'apprentissage. Le comportement informationnel collaboratif a été analysé de manière détaillée dans ses trois dimensions distinctes mais interdépendantes: (1) la connaissance d'apprenant, (2) les activités et des interactions des apprenants, et (3) les objets d'information ; la représentation de l'interdépendance de ces trois dimensions a confirmé la complexité de la comportement informationnel collaboratif comme un comportement humain qui ne peut pas être étudiée en se concentrant sur une seule dimension et d'éliminer les autres.La recherche présentée dans cette thèse propose une recherche originale qui augmente notre compréhension conceptuelle du comportement d'information collaboratif des étudiants dans les tâches d'apprentissage et fournit également des indications sur la façon dont les comportements d'information collaboratifs sont influencés par les caractéristiques de la tâche d'apprentissage.

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Dit, Bogdan. "Configuring and Assembling Information Retrieval based Solutions for Software Engineering Tasks." W&M ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1593092105.

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Pelletier, Michel 1964. "Automatic synthesis of compliant motions for robot tasks with uncertainty." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=28507.

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This thesis presents a new approach to the problems of control synthesis and motion planning for compliant motions of robot manipulators. The scheme is based on decoupled linear impedance models of the robot and its environment, in which the errors due to control inaccuracy, task frame estimation, as well as environment uncertainty are accounted for. The technique consists of characterizing the position, velocity and force responses of the robot/environment system, and expressing the task goals as inequality constraints on these expressions. The impedance parameters and input trajectories of the robot controller are found by fitting a parametric uncertainty box inside the region of the parameter space that satisfies all task constraints. The box is tested for validity by comparing the response values at each of its vertices to the desired goal values, and also by verifying that it does not cross any of the frontiers that separate the eigenvalue-space in box-convex regions. A software package called Commotion has been developed which implements this methodology and searches for a set of robot impedance parameters that can perform a given task robustly. Four different task examples are presented in which the validity and usefulness of the proposed approach are demonstrated. Three of these examples have been implemented experimentally, and show the practicality of the method.

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Zacharia, Giorgos 1974. "Regularized algorithms for ranking, and manifold learning for related tasks." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/47753.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2009. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 119-127). This thesis describes an investigation of regularized algorithms for ranking problems for user preferences and information retrieval problems. We utilize regularized manifold algorithms to appropriately incorporate data from related tasks. This investigation was inspired by personalization challenges in both user preference and information retrieval ranking problems. We formulate the ranking problem of related tasks as a special case of semi-supervised learning. We examine how to incorporate instances from related tasks, with the appropriate penalty in the loss function to optimize performance on the hold out sets. We present a regularized manifold approach that allows us to learn a distance metric for the different instances directly from the data. This approach allows incorporation of information from related task examples, without prior estimation of cross-task coefficient covariances. We also present applications of ranking problems in two text analysis problems: a) Supervise content-word learning, and b) Company Entity matching for record linkage problems. by Giorgos Zacharia. Ph.D.

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Shafer, Andrew J. M. Eng Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Autonomous cooperation of heterogeneous platforms for sea-based search tasks." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/45650.

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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2008. This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections. Includes bibliographical references (p. 87-90). Many current methods of search using autonomous marine vehicles do not adapt to changes in mission objectives or the environment. A cellular-decomposition-based framework for cooperative, adaptive search is proposed that allows multiple search platforms to adapt to changes in both mission objectives and environmental parameters. Software modules for the autonomy framework MOOS-IvP are described that implement this framework. Simulated and experimental results show that it is feasible to combine both pre-planned and adaptive behaviors to eectively search a target area. by Andrew J. Shafer. M.Eng.

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Zhou, Lei Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Magnetically levitated hysteresis motor driven linear stage for in-vacuum transportation tasks." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/122142.

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This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections. Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2019 Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. Includes bibliographical references (pages 241-246). This thesis presents a new in-vacuum reticle transportation mechanism for extreme ultraviolet (EUV) photolithography machines. In the photolithography process, the reticle is a quartz plate that contains a pattern of the integrated circuit, which needs to be transported between a storage position and the exposure stage. In next-generation EUV lithography machines, the reticle handling system must satisfy the following requirements: (1) transport the reticle through a distance of 2 meters, (2) the height of the mechanism needs to be within 100 mm, (3) operate in vacuum, and (4) satisfy ultra-tight contamination requirements. To fulfill these requirements, a conventional robotic reticle handler is inadequate. In this work, we designed, built, and tested a magnetically-levitated linear stage prototype, targeting at the reticle transportation application. Compared with robot manipulators, linear stages typically require less volume for long-distance transportation tasks. Magnetic suspension is used to eliminate mechanical contact and thereby avoid particle generation that can contaminate the reticle. The stage's linear motion is driven by linear hysteresis motors, which allows using solid-steel motor secondaries on the moving stage. This is desirable for in-vacuum operation, since permanent magnets can out-gas in high vacuum when not encapsulated. The magnetic suspension of the stage is achieved using a novel linear bearingless slice motor design, where the stage's magnetic suspension in three degrees of freedom, including vertical, pitch, and roll, are achieved passively. This compact design effectively reduces the number of sensors and actuators being used. The prototype system has successfully levitated the moving stage. The resonance frequency of the passively levitated degrees of freedom is approximately 10 Hz, and the suspension bandwidth of the actively-controlled degrees of freedom is about 60 Hz. The stage's maximum thrust force is 5.8 N under a 2.5 A current amplitude, which corresponds to a stage acceleration of 1200 M/s². This is able to satisfy the acceleration requirement for reticle transportation task. The stage was tested to track a reticle handling reference trajectory, where the maximum position tracking error of our linear stage is 50 [mu]m. The stage's lateral displacements during motion is below 50 [mu]m, which is well below making mechanical contact to the side walls. To our knowledge, this work represents the first study of linear hysteresis motors, and the first linear bearingless slice motor design. Hysteresis motors are a type of electric machine that operates using the magnetic hysteresis effect of the secondary material. Since the magnetization in the rotor lags behind the external field, a thrust force/torque can be generated. In prior usage, hysteresis motors have been operated in open-loop, which makes them unsuitable for applications where dynamic performance is critical. As a part of this thesis work, we also studied the modeling and closed-loop torque and position control for hysteresis motors. The proposed control method was tested with three rotary hysteresis motors, including two custom-made motors of different rotor materials and one off-the-shelf hysteresis motor. Experimental results show that position control for all three motors can reach a bandwidth of 130 Hz. To our best knowledge, this is the first work that enabled high-bandwidth torque and position control for hysteresis motors, which allows this motor to be used for servo applications. Sponsored by ASML by Lei Zhou. Ph. D. Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering

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Garmash, Sergii. "ESP in teaching foreign students of engineering specialities (tasks, problems and solutions)." Thesis, НТУ "ХПІ", 2017. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/29578.

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Koudijs, Jip. "Administration automated : How to save time by automating administrative tasks." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för informationssystem och -teknologi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-31389.

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Denna studie handlar om en implementering av standardisering och automatisering i mindre organisationer. Jag skapade ett skript i Python som upptäcker uppladdade kalkylblad i en mapp som i sin tur var kopplad till en molnbaserad lösning. När skriptet upptäcker kalkylbladen samlar den nödvändig information och importerar en mall av en faktura. Skriptet fyller efterhand mallen med tidigare samlad information och sparar det i en separat mapp. Det originella kalkylbladet arkiveras för framtida referenser. Resultatet av en bättre, standardiserad arbetsrutin och automatiserat fakturasystem resulterade i en tidsbesparing på över 60% och i samband med det nya systemet vi såg en minskning på 75% av incidenter orsakade av dokumentslarv och miss kommunikation.

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Huynh, David François 1978. "A user interface framework for supporting information management tasks in Haystack." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/87355.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2003. Includes bibliographical references (p. 153-155). by David François Huynh. S.M.

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Faulkner, Matthew N. "Instrumented tools and objects : design, algorithms, and applications to assembly tasks." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/62753.

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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2011. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. We developed an instrumented tool system comprised of wireless nodes and sensor systems to facilitate distributed robotic assembly tasks. This robotic system was deployed on two separate robotic assembly scenarios: one scenario used programmable autonomous beacons to facilitate precise localization of an assembly robot within a mock airplane wing, while the second used programmable assembly components to simplify sensing and coordination in a distributed, multi-robot assembly task. An instrumented tool system comprised of two types of programmable nodes (beacons and assembly components) and two types of robot-mounted sensors was designed, implemented, and tested. On-board microprocessors allow each element of the system to perform sensing and communicate over an infrared communication protocol. Algorithms for sensing and distributed communication were developed to perform local sensing tasks between assembly robots and instrumented materials. by Matthew N. Faulkner. M.Eng.

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Rush, Alexander M. (Alexander Matthew). "Efficient Lagrangian relaxation algorithms for exact inference in natural language tasks." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/66477.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2011. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. Includes bibliographical references (p. 95-99). For many tasks in natural language processing, finding the best solution requires a search over a large set of possible structures. Solving these combinatorial search problems exactly can be inefficient, and so researchers often use approximate techniques at the cost of model accuracy. In this thesis, we turn to Lagrangian relaxation as an alternative to approximate inference in natural language tasks. We demonstrate that Lagrangian relaxation algorithms provide efficient solutions while still maintaining formal guarantees. The approach leads to inference algorithms with the following properties: " The resulting algorithms are simple and efficient, building on standard combinatorial algorithms for relaxed problems. " The algorithms provably solve a linear programming (LP) relaxation of the original inference problem. " Empirically, the relaxation often leads to an exact solution to the original problem. We develop Lagrangian relaxation algorithms for several important tasks in natural language processing including higher-order non-projective dependency parsing, syntactic machine translation, integrated constituency and dependency parsing, and part-of-speech tagging with inter-sentence constraints. For each of these tasks, we show that the Lagrangian relaxation algorithms are often significantly faster than exact methods while finding the exact solution with a certificate of optimality in the vast majority of examples. by Alexander M. Rush. S.M.

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Gregorovic, Dennis (Dennis George) 1977. "HereToThere : market-based mechanisms for allocating agents to location-based tasks." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/86466.

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Thesis (S.B. and M.Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2000. Includes bibliographical references. by Dennis Gregorovic. S.B.and M.Eng.

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Brown, Kevin Lawrence. "Design and analysis of robots that perform dynamic tasks using internal body motion." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/36940.

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