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Journal articles on the topic 'Computers, Special purpose'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 4 February 2022

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1

BLÖTE, H. W. J. "Statistical Mechanics and Special-Purpose Computers." International Journal of Modern Physics C 02, no. 01 (March 1991): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183191000032.

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A number of special-purpose computers (SPC’s) have been built in the last two decades, and more are under construction. In parallel with the evolution of generalpurpose computers, the capacity of the fastest SPC’s has grown considerably in this period. The increase of speed is partly due to the availability of faster components, but even more important is the introduction of new architectures using pipelining and parallel processing. Apart from becoming faster on the average, a pronounced diversification has taken place in SPC’s which does not only affect their speed but also their versatility and, of course, their cost. An evaluation of SPC performances and costs in comparison with general-purpose supercomputers shows that, under certain circumstances, SPC’s can play a very useful role. They enable calculations that would not be feasible otherwise, because of excessive costs. However, the effort needed to build even a relatively simple SPC can easily be underestimated.

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2

Wiseman, Simon. "Special-purpose computers provide interesting reading." Image and Vision Computing 4, no. 2 (May 1986): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0262-8856(86)90032-6.

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3

Herrmann, Hans J. "Special purpose computers in statistical physics." Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 140, no. 1-2 (December 1986): 421–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4371(86)90250-5.

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4

Fukushige, T., P. Hut, and J. Makino. "High-performance special-purpose computers in science." Computing in Science & Engineering 1, no. 2 (1999): 12–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/5992.753041.

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5

Hut, P. "Astrophysics on the GRAPE Family of Special-Purpose Computers." Science 283, no. 5401 (January 22, 1999): 501–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.283.5401.501.

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6

Makino, Junichiro. "GRAPE project: special-purpose computers for many-body simulations." Computer Physics Communications 139, no. 1 (September 2001): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0010-4655(01)00229-6.

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7

ABELSON, HAROLD, ANDREW A. BERLIN, JACOB KATZENELSON, WILLIAM H. McALLISTER, GUILLERMO J. ROZAS, GERALD JAY SUSSMAN, and JACK WISDOM. "THE SUPERCOMPUTER TOOLKIT: A GENERAL FRAMEWORK FOR SPECIAL-PURPOSE COMPUTING." International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 03, no. 03n04 (September 1992): 337–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129156492000138.

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The Supercomputer Toolkit is a family of hardware modules (processors, memory, interconnect, and input-output devices) and a collection of software modules (compilers, simulators, scientific libraries, and high-level front ends) from which high-performance special-purpose computers can be easily configured and programmed. Although there are many examples of special-purpose computers (see Ref. 4), the Toolkit approach is different in that our aim is to construct these machines from standard, reusable parts. These are combined by means of a user-reconfigurable, static interconnect technology. The Toolkit’s software support, based on novel compilation techniques, produces extremely high-performance numerical code from high-level language input. We have completed fabrication of the Toolkit processor module, and several critical software modules. An eight-processor configuration is running at MIT. We have used the prototype Toolkit to perform a breakthrough computation of scientific importance—an integration of the motion of the Solar System that extends previous results by nearly two orders of magnitude. While the Toolkit project is not complete, we believe our results show evidence that generating special-purpose computers from standard modules can be an important method of performing intensive scientific computing. This paper briefly describes the Toolkit’s hardware and software modules, the Solar System simulation, conclusions and future plans.

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NAGASHIMA, Umpei, Tohru SASAKI, Yasuaki OHTANI, Masamitsu UEHARA, Masaru TSUKADA, and Kazuaki MURAKAMI. "Development of Special Purpose Computers for Various Kinds of Chemical Simulations." Journal of Computer Chemistry, Japan 4, no. 4 (2005): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2477/jccj.4.131.

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NAGASHIMA, Umpei, Tohru SASAKI, Yasuaki OHTANI, Masamitsu UEHARA, Masaru TSUKADA, and Kazuaki MURAKAMI. "Development of Special Purpose Computers for Various Kinds of Chemical Simulations." Journal of Computer Chemistry, Japan 5, no. 1 (2006): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2477/jccj.5.131.

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10

Brieu, Philippe P., F. J. Summers, and Jeremiah P. Ostriker. "Cosmological Simulations Using Special Purpose Computers: Implementing P 3M on GRAPE." Astrophysical Journal 453 (November 1995): 566. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/176419.

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11

Larson, R. W., T. Rudolph, and P. H. Ng. "Special purpose computers for the time domain advance of Maxwell's equations." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 25, no. 4 (July 1989): 2913–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/20.34322.

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12

Makino, Junichiro, Masaki Koga, Atsushi Kawai, and Toshiyuki Fukushige. "GRAPE Project: A Decade of Special-Purpose Computers for Many-Body Simulations." Progress of Theoretical Physics Supplement 138 (2000): 622–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/ptps.138.622.

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13

Gribb, Molly M., and Granville Sewell. "Solution of Ground Water Flow Problems with General Purpose and Special Purpose Computer Codes." Ground Water 36, no. 2 (March 1998): 366–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1998.tb01102.x.

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14

SASAKI, Tohru, and Kazuaki MURAKAMI. "A Platform System of Special Purpose Computers for Various Kinds of Chemical Simulations." Journal of Computer Chemistry, Japan 4, no. 4 (2005): 139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2477/jccj.4.139.

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15

Rautaharju, Pentti M. "HYBRID AND SMALL SPECIAL-PURPOSE COMPUTERS IN ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHS, BALLISTOCARDIOGRAPHIC AND PULSE WAVE RESEARCH*." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 126, no. 2 (December 16, 2006): 906–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1965.tb14332.x.

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16

Symonenko, Svitlana, Viktoriia Lemeshchenko-Lagoda, and Oleksandr Kurashkin. "Peculiarities of tablet PC application for ESP learning at agrarian and technical universities." Ukrainian Journal of Educational Studies and Information Technology 7, no. 4 (December 30, 2019): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.32919/uesit.2019.04.04.

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The article presents the analysis of the use of tablet computers for training students of agricultural and technical universities. The statistics confirms the increasing use of computers of this type for studying different disciplines. It is emphasized that the introduction of using tablet computers as an effective tool for learning foreign languages is a crucial problem, despite many positive features. The main advantages and disadvantages of introduction of tablet computers into the educational process are outlined. The advantages of tablet PC application are: easy access to information, use of multimedia and interactivity, better interaction between students and teachers, new ways of document and image processing, possibilities of distant education, reasonable cost. The main disadvantages are vision problems. It is noted that the process of learning a foreign language for special purposes requires the creation of a mixed learning environment, in which a new type of cooperation between teachers and students emerges, and the main purpose of the classes is to solve problems related to the future professional activity in the friendly environment. Certain examples of tablet computer application for learning English for special purposes for students of agricultural and technical specialities are given.

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17

Levin, Tamar, and Claire Gordon. "Effect of Gender and Computer Experience on Attitudes toward Computers." Journal of Educational Computing Research 5, no. 1 (February 1989): 69–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/vepg-500c-2awm-1k15.

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The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which gender and prior computer exposure (has a computer at home; participated in a computer course; knows how to work with computers) affect students' attitudes toward computers prior to computer instruction in school. An attitude questionnaire including cognitive and affective attitude scales was administered to 222 Israeli pupils in grades 8 through 10 who study in schools where computers have not yet been introduced. The results showed that prior computer exposure (in particular, having a computer at home), had a stronger effect on attitudes toward computers than sex. Pupils owning computers were more motivated to become familiar with computers; felt a stronger need for computers in their lives and had more positive affective attitudes toward computers than pupils who don't have computers at home. Sex differences in affective and cognitive attitudes were also observed where boys had significantly more positive affective attitudes toward computers than girls. They perceived computers as being more “enjoyable,” “special,” “important,” “friendly,” and “cheaper” than girls. Furthermore, boys tended to hold more stereotyped attitudes about who is capable of using computers and had more positive attitudes toward the computer as a medium of instruction than girls.

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18

Quené, Hugo. "Sprekende Computers." Computer-ondersteund talenonderwijs 33 (January 1, 1989): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ttwia.33.12que.

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Text-to-speech systems generally consist of two components. The first one converts the input text to an abstract, linguistically relevant, representation. Usually, this is a phoneme representation of the input text, with markers for (word, morpheme, syllable) boundaries, word stress, and sentence accent. The second component converts this transcription into a physical speech sound. Two aspects of natural speech are most important to be imitated in this latter step: (a) natural prosody (speech rate, segment duration, pitch, etc.), and (b) representation of phonetic adjustement between phonemes. The resulting synthetic speech is mainly used in special-purpose applications, although a wider use is foreseen for the future.

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19

Kameyama, Michitaka. "Special Issue on Computer Architecture for Robotics." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 2, no. 6 (December 20, 1990): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.1990.p0417.

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In the realization of intelligent robots, highly intelligent manipulation and movement techniques are required such as intelligent man-machine interfaces, intelligent information processing for path planning and problem solutions, practical robot vision, and high-speed sensor signal processing. Thus, very high-speed processing to cope with vast amounts of data as well as the development of various algorithms has become important subjects. To fulfill such requirements, the development of high-performance computer architecture using advanced microelectronics technology is required. For these purposes, the development of implementing computer systems’ for robots will be classified as follows: (a) Use of general-purpose computers As the performance of workstations and personal computers is increased year by year, software development is the major task without requiring hardware development except the interfaces with peripheral equipment. Since current high-level languages and software can be applied, the approach is excellent in case of system development, but the processing performance is limited. (b) Use of commercially available (V) LSI chips This is an approach to design a computer system by the combination of commercially available LSIs. Since the development of both hardware and software is involved in this system development, the development period tends to be longer than in (a). These chips include general-purpose microprocessors, memory chips, digital signal processors (DSPs) and multiply-adder LSIs. Though the kinds of available chips are limited to some degree, the approach can cope with a considerably high-performance specifications because a number of chips can be flexibly used. (c) Design, development and system configuration of VLSI chips This is an approach to develop new special-purpose VLSI chips using ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) technology, that is, semicustom or full-custom technology. If these attain practical use and are marketed, they will be widely used as high-performance VLSI chips of the level (b). Since a very high-performance specification must be satisfied, the study of very high performance VLSI computer architecture becomes very important. But this approach involving chip development requires a very long period in the design-development from the determination of processor specifications to the system configuration using the fabricated chips. For the above three approaches, the order from the viewpoint of ease of development will be (a), (b) and (c), while that from the viewpoint of performance will be (c), (b) and (a). Each approach is not exclusive but is complementary each other. For example, the development of new chips by (c) can also give new impact as the components of (a) and (b). Further, the common point of these approaches is that performance improvement by highly parallel architecture becomes important. This special edition introduces, from the above standpoint, the latest information on the present state and' future prospects of the computer techniques in Japan. We hope that this edition will contribute to the development of this field.

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20

Rieth, Herbert, Christine Bahr, Cynthia Okolo, Lewis Polsgrove, and Robert Eckert. "An Analysis of the Impact of Microcomputers on the Secondary Special Education Classroom Ecology." Journal of Educational Computing Research 4, no. 4 (November 1988): 425–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/c1rd-kybj-59rt-n68n.

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The purpose of this research was to examine the effects of microcomputers on the ecology of secondary special education classrooms. Observational data were collected in twenty-six secondary school special education classes located in an urban midwestern school system. The data indicated that despite the ready availability of computers, only approximately 60 percent of the teachers chose to use them for instruction and they were in use only 25.3 percent of the time. The infrequent use was attributed to the lack of appropriate software, logistical problems in scheduling the microcomputer, and lack of training and support for teachers. The use of microcomputers was found to be related to increased student active engagement and decreased off-task behaviors. Unfortunately, teachers who used computers spent less time engaged in direct instructional activities and did not integrate the computer-based instruction with the teacher-based instruction.

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21

Markush, J. Peter C., Gary J. Grimes, and Jonathan R. Merril. "Investigations toward Using VRML for Distributed Medical Collaboration." Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 9, no. 4 (August 2000): 383–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/105474600566880.

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This report describes preliminary research and experiments towards the collaborative viewing and manipulation of three-dimensional computer models of human anatomy and physiology on low-end computers using limited bandwidth. A proposed system is described using a set of recommended requirements. Experiments that were conducted to explore the feasibility of some aspects of the proposed system are also described. The resulting experimental system was implemented on networked 100 MHz and 90 MHz Pentium-based computers enhanced with 3-D graphics accelerators. Geometry for the anatomy models were stored in Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) version 1.0 files, which could be accessed remotely over the Internet. Some models were later implemented as VRML 2.0 files, which enabled the storage of simple physiological behaviors with the geometry. The use of VRML, the de facto standard file format for 3-D modeling on the Web, in a medical collaboration system would help make such systems, which have been typically implemented on special-purpose hardware with proprietary anatomical and physiological models, much more accessible.

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22

Fuchs, Lynn S., Douglas Fuchs, Carol L. Hamlett, and Ted S. Hasselbring. "Using Computers with Curriculum-Based Monitoring: Effects on Teacher Efficiency and Satisfaction." Journal of Special Education Technology 8, no. 4 (June 1987): 14–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016264348700800402.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of using computer software to store, graph, and analyze student performance data on teacher efficiency and satisfaction with curriculum-based progress-monitoring procedures. Subjects were 20 special education teachers of mildly and moderately handicapped pupils; teachers were assigned randomly to a computer-assisted or a paper-and-pencil monitoring group Teacher efficiency in using the monitoring procedures was observed twice during a 3-month implementation period. In the first phase, all teachers used paper-and-pencil procedures; in the second, 10 teachers continued to use paper-and-pencil procedures while 10 teachers used computer-assisted monitoring procedures. Teacher satisfaction was assessed once at the completion of the study. Analyses of variance indicated that computer assistance was associated with a decrease in efficiency but an increase in teacher satisfaction. Implications for practice and additional research are discussed.

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23

Wasserman, Egoza. "Changes in Teachers’ Classroom Instruction as a Result of Training in Computer Technology." World Journal of Educational Research 2, no. 2 (November 11, 2015): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/wjer.v2n2p168.

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<p><em>This article presents a study that was carried out two years after teachers completed a training course in computerized instruction, entitled “Intel Education for the Future”. The purpose of the study was to measure the degree to which the teachers internalized the skills taught in the training course, thereby</em><em>,</em><em> assisting them in integrating the use of the computer in the classroom. For this purpose, certain parameters were chosen: the teacher’s method of working in the classroom, the effect of computer instruction on the students and the difficulties encountered upon integrating the computer in the classroom. The research tools were questionnaires and interviews. The main conclusion of the research was that the teachers successfully internalized the skills needed for the use of technology. Teachers are now using the computer to search for information suitable for worksheets and tests and for e-mailing their colleagues. Most of the teachers noted that the most useful tool for their work is the </em><em>o</em><em>ffice program. The teachers pointed out that the use of computers raises the students’ motivation and improves their understanding of the material. They did not report any special difficulties in integrating the computer into their teaching methods. </em></p>

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Halloway, Shannon. "Technology in Exercise Interventions for Older Women: Acceptability, Adherence, and Special Considerations." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 843. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.3091.

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Abstract Women aged 65 years and older participate in less moderate-vigorous physical activity (PA) than men of this age group, which increases the risk for a myriad of chronic health problems. Interventions that utilize a lifestyle approach to increase PA in everyday life are preferred by women compared to structured exercise, but long-term adherence is a challenge. Technology (e.g., wearables, social media, computers) can be efficiently leveraged as motivational tools in lifestyle PA interventions. However, the unique needs of older women must be considered. Thus, the purpose is to examine the: (a) types of technology that were successfully integrated into existing PA intervention studies designed for older women; (b) acceptability and adherence to technological approaches by older women; and (c) additional considerations needed for special populations, including older women with chronic health problems. The efficiency and scalability of technological approaches with clinical and public health implications will also be discussed.

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25

Baity-Jesi, Marco, Enrico Calore, Andres Cruz, Luis Antonio Fernandez, José Miguel Gil-Narvión, Antonio Gordillo-Guerrero, David Iñiguez, et al. "A statics-dynamics equivalence through the fluctuation–dissipation ratio provides a window into the spin-glass phase from nonequilibrium measurements." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 8 (February 7, 2017): 1838–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1621242114.

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We have performed a very accurate computation of the nonequilibrium fluctuation–dissipation ratio for the 3D Edwards–Anderson Ising spin glass, by means of large-scale simulations on the special-purpose computers Janus and Janus II. This ratio (computed for finite times on very large, effectively infinite, systems) is compared with the equilibrium probability distribution of the spin overlap for finite sizes. Our main result is a quantitative statics-dynamics dictionary, which could allow the experimental exploration of important features of the spin-glass phase without requiring uncontrollable extrapolations to infinite times or system sizes.

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Korolyov, V., M. Ogurtsov, and A. Khodzinsky. "Multilevel Identification Friend or Foe of Objects and Analysis of the Applicability of Post-Quantum Cryptographic Algorithms for Information Security." Cybernetics and Computer Technologies, no. 3 (October 27, 2020): 74–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.34229/2707-451x.20.3.7.

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Introduction. Widespread use of unmanned aerial vehicles in the civilian and military spheres requires the development of new algorithms for identification friend or foe of targets, as used in the Armed Forces of Ukraine (AFU) devices of the "Parol" system are designed to service approximately 110 objects military equipment. AFU automation systems allow the use of additional sources of information about various objects from civil or special data transmission networks, which can be the basis for building a networked multi-level system of state recognition. Predictions of the development of quantum computers foresee the possibility of breaking modern algorithms for information security in polynomial time in the next 5-10 years, which requires the development and implementation of new encryption algorithms and revision of modern parameters. The purpose of the article is to develop a new algorithm for state recognition of objects, which can be scaled to process the required number of manned and unmanned aerial vehicles. Potential threats to classical cryptographic protection algorithms for data networks, which will result in the execution of algorithms such as Grover and Shore on quantum computers, were also discussed. Results. The article proposes a new multilevel algorithm of state recognition based on modern cryptographic methods of information protection, which allows to perform reliable automated identification of objects, scale systems using data on potential targets from other sources through secure special networks. Grover's search algorithm does not give a strong increase in key search performance for symmetric encryption algorithms, so there is no need to increase the key lengths for this type of information security algorithms. Post-quantum asymmetric encryption algorithms require additional study and comprehensive testing of information security or increasing the key lengths of cryptographic algorithms, which corresponds to the number of qubits, i.e. more than twice. The most promising is the family of asymmetric post-quantum cryptographic algorithms based on supersingular isogenic elliptic curves. Conclusions. The developed algorithm of identification friend or foe of objects is more secure compared to existing algorithms and is focused on the use of modern on-board computers and programmable radio modems. Shore's algorithm and the like will be a significant threat to modern asymmetric cryptography algorithms when the number of qubits of quantum computers exceeds the number of bits in public keys more than twice. Keywords: identification friend or foe, symmetric encryption, asymmetric cryptography, quantum computer, post-quantum cryptography.

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Kim, Jinbae, and Hyunsoo Lee. "Adaptive Human–Machine Evaluation Framework Using Stochastic Gradient Descent-Based Reinforcement Learning for Dynamic Competing Network." Applied Sciences 10, no. 7 (April 8, 2020): 2558. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10072558.

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Complex problems require considerable work, extensive computation, and the development of effective solution methods. Recently, physical hardware- and software-based technologies have been utilized to support problem solving with computers. However, problem solving often involves human expertise and guidance. In these cases, accurate human evaluations and diagnoses must be communicated to the system, which should be done using a series of real numbers. In previous studies, only binary numbers have been used for this purpose. Hence, to achieve this objective, this paper proposes a new method of learning complex network topologies that coexist and compete in the same environment and interfere with the learning objectives of the others. Considering the special problem of reinforcement learning in an environment in which multiple network topologies coexist, we propose a policy that properly computes and updates the rewards derived from quantitative human evaluation and computes together with the rewards of the system. The rewards derived from the quantitative human evaluation are designed to be updated quickly and easily in an adaptive manner. Our new framework was applied to a basketball game for validation and demonstrated greater effectiveness than the existing methods.

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28

Makino, Junichiro. "The GRAPE project: Current Status and Future Outlook." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 208 (2003): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900206979.

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I'll briefly overview the present status and the future of the GRAPE project. GRAPE (GRAvity PiPE) project is a project to design, develop and use special-purpose computers for astrophysical N-body simulations to do large-scale N-body simulations. Our first machine, GRAPE-1 was completed in 1989 and offered the speed of 240 Mflops. Since then, we have continued to develop newer and faster machines, and the newest machine, the GRAPE-6, has achieved the peak speed of 32 Tflops. I'll briefly discuss GRAPE-6 and its parallel architecture, and then discuss the possible form of GRAPE-7, the next generation machines.

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Schneider, W. "Computers in a Human Perspective: an Alternative Way of Teaching Informatics to Health Professionals." Methods of Information in Medicine 28, no. 04 (October 1989): 313–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1636783.

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Abstract:An alternative way of teaching informatics, especially health informatics, to health professionals of different categories has been developed and practiced. The essentials of human competence and skill in handling and processing information are presented parallel with the essentials of computer-assisted methodologies and technologies of formal language-based informatics. Requirements on how eventually useful computer-based tools will have to be designed in order to be well adapted to genuine human skill and competence in handling tools in various work contexts are established.On the basis of such a balanced knowledge methods for work analysis are introduced. These include how the existing problems at a workplace can be identified and analyzed in relation to the goals to be achieved. Special emphasis is given to new ways of information analysis, i.e. methods which even allow the comprehension and documentation ofthose parts of the actually practiced ´human´ information handling and processing which are normally overlooked, as e. g. non-verbal communication processes and so-called ´tacit knowledge´ based information handling and processing activities. Different ways of problem solving are discussed involving in an integrated human perspective - alternative staffing, enhancement of the competence of the staff, optimal planning of premises as well as organizational and technical means. The main result of this alternative way of education has been a considerably improved user competence which in turn has led to very different designs of computer assistance and man-computer interfaces.It is the purpose of this paper to give a brief outline of the teaching material and a short presentation of the above mentioned results. Special emphasis is given to that part of the course where computer assisted interactive media technology presently is introduced due to the fact that this is the only way of adequately presenting some of the most important parts of human performance in handling and processing information, including communication.

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Whalen, Christina, Lauren Franke, and Laura Lara-Brady. "Teaching Social Skills Using Video Modeling Interventions." Perspectives on School-Based Issues 12, no. 2 (June 2011): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/sbi12.2.41.

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Difficulty with social skills is a distinctive characteristic of many students with special needs, even those with mild disabilities. The literature supports many approaches to teaching social skills, yet many of these interventions require one-on-one intensive training for implementation, and/or are being conducted in laboratory or clinical settings rather than in naturalistic environments. As technology is becoming a growing component of social skills intervention through the use of Smartboards, Ipads, computers, and other electronic devices, an increasingly popular method with equal support from the literature is the use of video modeling—a demonstration of a desired behavior that the student imitates. The purpose of this article is to describe Bandura's (1977) view of learning and how this theory relates to the use of video modeling for the purpose of social skills intervention. The authors also will provide an overview of current products that are available to provide social skills intervention using video modeling.

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Hu, Xiao, and Chun Lai. "Comparing factors that influence learning management systems use on computers and on mobile." Information and Learning Sciences 120, no. 7/8 (July 8, 2019): 468–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ils-12-2018-0127.

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Purpose Learning management systems (LMSs) have been embraced for their potential to create a ubiquitous learning that is free from time and space constraints. Mobile devices afford enhanced mobility that enables flexible learning with LMSs. Thus, understanding students’ use of mobile devices to interact with LMSs and the influencing factors is essential. This paper aims to examine the factors that influenced students’ behavioural intention in using Web-based LMSs via mobile phones and compared the factors with those that affect students’ general acceptance of Web-based LMSs. Design/methodology/approach This study surveyed 356 university students and interviewed 17 students on the various factors that might affect their LMS adoption. Structural equation modelling was used to analyse the survey data. Findings This study identified that perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, social influence and facilitating conditions were significant determinants of students’ usage intention in both contexts. However, social factors exerted greater influence on students’ behavioural intentions of mobile access than the attitudinal factors. The results also pinpointed some sociocultural and tempo-spatial factors that might have minimized the influence of perceived usefulness in the mobile context. Originality/value The study calls for special attention to the potential influences of sociocultural norms and tempo-spatial circumstances of mobile use in shaping the nature of learners’ voluntary mobile use of LMSs.

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Albahiri, Mohammed H., and Ali Albashir Mohammed Alhaj. "Role of visual element in spoken English discourse: implications for YouTube technology in EFL classrooms." Electronic Library 38, no. 3 (June 29, 2020): 531–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/el-07-2019-0172.

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Purpose Recent advancements in science and technology have led to an emphasis on using technology to make education more interesting. The inclusion of computers, internet and technological media has made education more diverse, vivid and enthusiastic. The use of technology such as YouTube in education stimulates visual and auditory learning, which results in favorable outcomes. The purpose of this paper is to provide a guideline for more systematic utilization of YouTube that has been possible in Saudi EFL classrooms at King Khalid University/Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Design/methodology/approach YouTube videos that illustrated a variety of special spoken discourse and interaction were selected to widen Saudi EFL students’ socio-linguistic experience. In total, 48 students were divided into two groups; one group intensively used YouTube through the course, while the other did not. A quasi-experiment method was used to collect data. Findings The use of YouTube in studying English spoken discourse played a pivotal role in enhancing Saudi EFL students’ proficiency. The experimental group students’ outcomes revealed positive gains through the integration of video elements in teaching. Originality/value This study is among the first to examine the use of YouTube technology for educational purposes, particularly in the context of Arab countries.

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Hirose, Michitaka, Kazuhisa Takahashi, Tomoki Koshizuka, Taku Morinobu, and Yoichi Watanabe. "An Alternate Way to Generate Virtual Worlds:A Study of Image Processing Technology for Synthetic Sensations." Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 5, no. 1 (January 1996): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/pres.1996.5.1.61.

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During recent years, the use of virtual reality technology has become widespread and popular. However, to further broaden the application of virtual reality, more sophisticated and realistic virtual worlds need to be developed. Traditionally, most virtual worlds are generated using three-dimensional (3D) computer graphics incorporating 3D geometric models and various rendering software. However, if 3D models become very complex, the delay time caused by rendering calculations makes it difficult for the user to be able to interact with the virtual world. Also, the production of realistic 3D computer graphics is very cost and labor intensive. From a very practical point of view, it is clear that we need some alternate approaches to realize a truly realistic virtual world. In this paper, the authors introduce an alternate method of generating virtual worlds other than 3D computer graphics. The method discussed here is to generate virtual worlds by processing 2D real images taken by video cameras. For this purpose, a special video camera system that can record image data indexed by position data was developed. Using recorded image data indexed by position data we are able to experience the virtual image world interactively. This method has become realistic due to advances in multimedia computers capable of handling large image data. A tested prototype of this kind of system is discussed in some depth, along with the capability and limitations of this prototype system.

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Carleton, H. R. "Special-Purpose Computer for Molecular Dynamics." MRS Bulletin 11, no. 1 (February 1986): 38–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s088376940006975x.

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Yesina, M. V., S. O. Kandiy, E. V. Ostryanska, and I. D. Gorbenko. "Generation of general system parameters for Rainbow electronic signature scheme for 384 and 512 security bits." Radiotekhnika, no. 204 (April 9, 2021): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.30837/rt.2021.1.204.02.

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Today, there is rapid progress in the creation of quantum computers to solve various computational problems and for different purposes. At the same time, special efforts are made to create such a quantum computer that can solve the problems of cryptanalysis of existing cryptosystems: asymmetric ciphers, key encapsulation protocols, electronic signatures, etc. Prevention of such threats can be achieved by developing cryptographic systems that will be protected against both quantum and classical attacks, and be able to interact with existing protocols and communication networks. There is also a significant need for protection against attacks by side channels. Currently, significant efforts of cryptologists are focused on the NIST PQC open competition. The main idea of the NIST PQC competition is to define mathematical methods based on which standards for asymmetric cryptotransformations, primarily electronic signatures, as well as asymmetric ciphers and key encapsulation protocols can be developed. Three electronic signature schemes – Crystals-Dilithium, Falcon and Rainbow become the finalists of the third stage of the NIST PQC competition according to the results of the second stage. The first two are based on the mathematics of algebraic lattices, and Rainbow is based on multivariate transformations. Currently, a comprehensive analysis of the finalists is an important task for the entire global crypto community. The vast majority of schemes that have become finalists or alternative algorithms are based on problems in the theory of algebraic lattices. Special attention was also paid to the Rainbow electronic signature scheme based on multivariate transformations. The purpose of this work consists in a preliminary analysis of existing attacks on promising electronic signature Rainbow, definition of requirements to the system-wide parameters to ensure cryptographic stability of at least 512 bits against classical and 256 bits against quantum cryptanalysis, as well as development and practical implementation of Rainbow algorithms for generating system-wide parameters for 512 bits against classical and 256 bits against quantum cryptanalysis.

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Agarwal, Pankaj. "Special-purpose languages." ACM SIGPLAN Notices 31, no. 2 (February 1996): 6–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/226060.226062.

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ICHIHASHI, Yasuyuki. "Special-purpose computer system toward 3D TV." Journal of the Visualization Society of Japan 28-1, no. 1 (2008): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.3154/jvs.28.309.

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Sugimoto, D., T. Ebisuzaki, T. Ito, and J. Marino. "Special purpose computer for N-body problems." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 148 (1991): 489–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900201265.

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Backend processors for use in gravitational N-body problems were constructed. They are as cheap as a personal computer, yet their speed is comparable to a supercomputer. As an example we show some results of simulations which were done for the dynamical evolution of galaxies in a compact group.

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Ishikawa, T., Y. Ohtsuka, and M. Matsunami. "A special purpose computer for diffusion equations." Computer Physics Communications 131, no. 1-2 (September 2000): 68–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0010-4655(00)00081-3.

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Taiji, Makoto, Nobuyasu Ito, and Masuo Suzuki. "Special purpose computer system for Ising models." Review of Scientific Instruments 59, no. 11 (November 1988): 2483–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1139934.

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41

Radehaus, Ch, M. Waldowski, K. Kardell, J. Berkemeier, M. Wiesemann, and H. G. Purwins. "Special purpose computer for nonlinear differential equations." Computer Physics Communications 36, no. 4 (June 1985): 345–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-4655(85)90023-2.

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42

Ito, Tomoyoshi, Hesham Eldeib, Kenji Yoshida, Shinya Takahashi, Takashi Yabe, and Tomoaki Kunugi. "Special-purpose computer for holography HORN-2." Computer Physics Communications 93, no. 1 (January 1996): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-4655(95)00125-5.

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Satake, Shin-ichi, Yoshiaki Hiroi, Yuya Suzuki, Nobuyuki Masuda, and Tomoyoshi Ito. "Special-purpose computer for two-dimensional FFT." Computer Physics Communications 179, no. 6 (September 2008): 404–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2008.03.006.

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Satake, Shin-ichi, Gaku Sorimachi, Nobuyuki Masuda, and Tomoyoshi Ito. "Special-purpose computer for Particle Image Velocimetry." Computer Physics Communications 182, no. 5 (May 2011): 1178–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2011.01.022.

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45

Mollah, Abdus Sattrar. "PLUNC 3D Radiation Treatment Planning System (TPS): An Educational Platform for Medical Physics Students." Bangladesh Journal of Nuclear Medicine 21, no. 1 (July 17, 2018): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjnm.v21i1.40259.

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Technological innovations with modern planning and treatment techniques have transformed the way of radiation treatment for cancer patients. A tremendous evolution in radiation treatment process occurred in recent years. This allowed the delivery of the desired radiation dose distribution to target tissue, while delivering an acceptable radiation dose to the surrounding normal tissues with greater dose gradients and tighter margins. Evolution of the computers and computerized systems enabled the possibility to improve the basic two-dimensional (2D) radiotherapy treatment planning to a more accurate and more visualised three-dimensional (3D) treatment planning systems. Today there is now several commercialized planning system competitors used for external beam radiation therapy. PLUNC was one of the first operating 3D radiation treatment planning (RTP) systems’. This RTP system has been developed in the Department of Radiation Oncology at the University of North Carolina (UNC) since 1985 for research and educational purposes. PLUNC is freely distributed to the field of radiation oncology for research and educational use under special license agreement. In this study, PLUNC 3D treatment planning system has been installed and implemented for research and educational purpose in the field of medical physics. A 3D treatment plan has been created and analyzed in a typical patient CT image for educational demonstration purpose. Based on this analysis, it is concluded that the PLUNC 3D TPS could be successfully used for research and education purposes in M Sc/PhD thesis works of students from medical physics discipline. Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 21(1): 35-42, January 2018

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Divya, Margaret, and Vijaya Priya. "A Study on Consumer Satisfaction Towards E-Learning Apps with Special Reference to Madurai City." ComFin Research 8, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/commerce.v8i4.3335.

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There are many terms used to describe learning that is delivered via the internet. E-learning or Electronic Learning is the portage of learning and training through digital resources like computers, tablets, laptops and, even cellular phones that are connected to the internet to access educational curriculum outside of a traditional classroom. This learning environment uses Information and Communication Technologies (ICT’s) as a platform for teaching and learning activities. As this teaching and learning pedagogy earns high momentum amidst teaching and student community, the researchers belonging to the respective communities undertook this study with the sole purpose of finding out the effect of e-learning apps in this high technology invaded the digital world with X-Generation learners. This study is descriptive and analytical. This research paper focuses on customer awareness, preference, and the level of satisfaction towards eLearning apps. The researcher has formulated core objectives relevant to the study and, both primary and secondary data are collected from the customers belonging to Madurai City. This study has well defined the number of e-Learning apps to fulfill the objectives of the study with the help of the statistical techniques. The researcher has used the IBM SPSS statistics tool for data analysis and interpretation. The study reveals the fact that despite the majority of the respondents supporting e-learning methodology but there are a handful of respondents who strongly believe that e-learning cannot replace face-to-face teaching and a tight bond between a teacher and a student.

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Ding, Yi, and Xian Fu. "The Research of Self-Organizing Maps Based on Document Collections." Advanced Materials Research 430-432 (January 2012): 1232–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.430-432.1232.

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Web text mining is a new issue in the knowledge discovery research field. It is aimed to help people discover knowledge from large quantities of semi-structured or unstructured text in the web. Several approaches, including some pure and hybrid information retrieval (IR) methods, have been proposed to tackle such an issue. Among these approaches, combining the Self-Organizing Map (SOM) method with the principles of the vector-space model, appears to be a promising alternative for the traditional purely IR-based methods in this problem domain. The encoded documents are organized on another self-organizing map, a document map, on which nearby locations contain similar documents. Special consideration is given to the computation of very large document maps which is possible with general-purpose computers if the dimensionality of the word category histograms is first reduced with a random mapping method and if computationally efficient algorithms are used in computing the SOMs.

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Mantzaris, Alexander V., Randyll Pandohie, Michael Hopwood, Phuong Pho, Dustin Ehling, and Thomas G. Walker. "Introducing Tagasaurus, an Approach to Reduce Cognitive Fatigue from Long-Term Interface Usage When Storing Descriptions and Impressions from Photographs." Technologies 9, no. 3 (June 29, 2021): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/technologies9030045.

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Digital cameras and mobile phones have given people around the world the ability to take a large number of photos and store them on their computers. As these images serve the purpose of storing memories and bringing them to mind in the potentially far future, it is important to also store the impressions a user may have from them. Annotating these images can be a laborious process and the work here presents an application design and functioning implementation, which is openly available now, to ease the effort of this task. It also draws inspiration from interface developments of previous applications such as the Nokia Lifeblog and the Facebook user interface. A different mode of sentiment entry is provided where users interact with slider widgets rather than select a emoticon from a set to offer a more fine grained value. Special attention is made to avoid cognitive strain by avoiding nested tool selections.

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Wah, B., and G. J. Li. "Survey on special purpose computer architectures for AI." ACM SIGART Bulletin, no. 96 (April 1986): 28–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/15715.15718.

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Yamamoto, Yota, Nobuyuki Masuda, Ryuji Hirayama, Hirotaka Nakayama, Takashi Kakue, Tomoyoshi Shimobaba, and Tomoyoshi Ito. "Special-purpose computer for electroholography in embedded systems." OSA Continuum 2, no. 4 (March 18, 2019): 1166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/osac.2.001166.

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