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Academic literature on the topic 'Comunità batterica'
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Journal articles on the topic "Comunità batterica"
Rodrigues, Sheila da Conceição Sousa, Amanda Alves Fecury, Cláudio Alberto Gellis De Mattos Dias, and Euzébio de Oliveira. "Occorrenza dello stafilococco aureo in ospedali: conoscenze scientifiche un Core recensione." Revista Científica Multidisciplinar Núcleo do Conhecimento, May 19, 2016, 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.32749/nucleodoconhecimento.com.br/salute/staphylococcus-aureus-negli.
Full textTroiano, Gianmarco. "Guerra batteriologica e bioterrorismo: ancora una sfida per la sanità pubblica." Working Paper of Public Health 5, no. 1 (June 15, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/wpph.2016.6690.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Comunità batterica"
Giani, Simone. "Struttura filogenetica della comunità batterica associata ad Ostreopsis cf. Ovata in colture batch e dinamiche di crescita." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/8089/.
Full textBORTOLINI, CRISTIAN. "Caratterizzazione della diversità microbica in fave di cacao fermentate." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/19074.
Full textThe quality of commercial cocoa beans, the principal raw material for chocolate production, depends on several factors including type of plantations, the agricultural practices and the post-harvest processing. Among these, fermentation and drying are generally considered the most relevant, since during these phases cocoa flavors precursors are formed and fixed. Furthermore, they represent crucial steps during which filamentous fungi contamination might occur. Fermentation is characterized by a well-defined succession of yeasts, lactic acid bacteria and acetic acid bacteria, so that, the aim of the described studies was to explore total bacterial and fungal communities involved in cocoa bean fermentation and to evaluate if geographical origin and fermentation method might affect their composition. To achieve these results, 16s rRNA gene was used as marker to assess the total bacterial community by using High Throughput Sequencing (HTS), indicating that this approach has the ability to provide a comprehensive view of the cocoa bean microbiota at the species level. In a second approach, Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 (ITS1) and the D1/D2 domain of the Large subunit (LSU) of the nuclear ribosomal RNA (26S rRNA) were screened to assess the total fungal community. Results revealed the ability of these two genomic regions to describe reliably the general composition, even if D1/D2domain was able to go deeper into the fungal composition resulting in a higher resolution. In the last approach the same samples subjected to HTS investigation were analyzed through SPME-GC-MS in order to underline the principal key-aroma compounds formed during the post-harvest processing. Overall, results point out clearly that HTS approach has the ability to provide a comprehensive view of the total bacterial and fungal communities, and statistical analyses have shown how analyses of ITS1 sequences and volatile compounds might be useful for the geographical traceability of the processed cocoa beans samples.
BORTOLINI, CRISTIAN. "Caratterizzazione della diversità microbica in fave di cacao fermentate." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/19074.
Full textThe quality of commercial cocoa beans, the principal raw material for chocolate production, depends on several factors including type of plantations, the agricultural practices and the post-harvest processing. Among these, fermentation and drying are generally considered the most relevant, since during these phases cocoa flavors precursors are formed and fixed. Furthermore, they represent crucial steps during which filamentous fungi contamination might occur. Fermentation is characterized by a well-defined succession of yeasts, lactic acid bacteria and acetic acid bacteria, so that, the aim of the described studies was to explore total bacterial and fungal communities involved in cocoa bean fermentation and to evaluate if geographical origin and fermentation method might affect their composition. To achieve these results, 16s rRNA gene was used as marker to assess the total bacterial community by using High Throughput Sequencing (HTS), indicating that this approach has the ability to provide a comprehensive view of the cocoa bean microbiota at the species level. In a second approach, Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 (ITS1) and the D1/D2 domain of the Large subunit (LSU) of the nuclear ribosomal RNA (26S rRNA) were screened to assess the total fungal community. Results revealed the ability of these two genomic regions to describe reliably the general composition, even if D1/D2domain was able to go deeper into the fungal composition resulting in a higher resolution. In the last approach the same samples subjected to HTS investigation were analyzed through SPME-GC-MS in order to underline the principal key-aroma compounds formed during the post-harvest processing. Overall, results point out clearly that HTS approach has the ability to provide a comprehensive view of the total bacterial and fungal communities, and statistical analyses have shown how analyses of ITS1 sequences and volatile compounds might be useful for the geographical traceability of the processed cocoa beans samples.
AMALFITANO, STEFANO. "Structure and function of benthic microbial community in highly variable freshwater systems." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/576.
Full textPACCIANI, MORI LEONARDO. "Due approcci perfezionati allo studio della competizione in comunità batteriche." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3456230.
Full textLe comunità microbiche sono onnipresenti in natura, e giocano ruoli fondamentali in moltissimi processi naturali (come cicli biogeochimici e processi di produzione industriale). Nonostante la loro importanza, ci sono ancora molti aspetti delle comunità microbiche che non comprendiamo appieno. In questa Tesi vengono proposti due miglioramenti all'approccio nello studio della competizione in comunità microbiche che possono aiutarci in questa direzione. Il framework teorico sul quale si fonda il lavoro di questa Tesi è il modello consumer-resource di MacArthur, comunemente utilizzato per descrivere matematicamente la competizione fra specie microbiche. Il primo miglioramento consiste nell'introduzione di un principio di ottimizzazione nella dinamica di questo tipo di sistemi, di modo tale da includere nei modelli matematici il fatto (ben noto sperimentalmente) che i batteri possono passare da una fonte di energia all'altra a seconda delle condizioni ambientali. In particolare, in questa Tesi si impone che ogni specie faccia ciò con l'obiettivo di massimizzare il proprio tasso di crescita, e si esplorano le conseguenze di questa scelta sulla biodiversità di comunità competitive, confrontando anche il modello con dati sperimentali. Dopodiché, in questa Tesi il consumer-resource framework viene riconsiderato alla luce di evidenze sperimentali che mostrano come l'allocazione delle risorse cellulari interne influenzi la crescita di specie microbiche. Questo nuovo framework descrive le comunità a un livello intermedio di complessità, consentendo di esplorare la relazione fra dinamica delle popolazioni e metabolismo microbico, una relazione che ha attirato l'attenzione della comunità scientifica di recente. Le predizioni di questo nuovo framework vengono confrontate con dati sperimentali in un caso semplice, dopodiché il modello e le sue predizioni vengono studiati analiticamente e numericamente per capire come la biodiversità possa essere mantenuta in comunità competitive.
Carraro, Lisa. "Caratterizzazione molecolare delle comunità batteriche coinvolte nella maturazione del formaggio Montasio D.O.P." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3422260.
Full textIn questo studio è stata analizzata la biodiversità microbica durante le fasi di produzione del formaggio Montasio D.O.P utilizzando un approccio coltura-indipendente. Con le metodiche molecolari è possibile estrarre il DNA e l'RNA microbico direttamente dalla matrice formaggio senza utilizzare alcuna metodica colturale di microbiologia classica. Per identificare le popolazioni batteriche del latte crudo e dei campioni di formaggio sono state costruite delle librerie 16S rRNA a partire da DNA e RNA. Il sequenziamento e il T-RFLP (Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) sono stati impiegati per l'analisi dei cloni. Il T-RFLP è stato applicato anche per l'analisi diretta delle comunità microbiche presenti nei campioni di Montasio. Saggi in real-timePCR quantitativa (qRT-PCR) sono stati messi a punto per rilevare e quantificare tre specie e un genere di batteri lattici (Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Enterococcus spp.). Un saggio qRT-PCR è stato sviluppato per rilevare Pseudomonas spp. Acinetobacter spp., Pseudomonas spp. e Enterobacter spp., i batteri psicotrofi più comunemente riportati nel latte crudo, sono stati trovati anche nei campioni di latte analizzati in questo studio. Streptococcus thermophilus, aggiunto come starter, è stato la specie LAB (Lactic Acid Bacteria) predominante attraverso tutto il periodo di maturazione del formaggio Montasio. Anche enterococchi sono stati ritrovati durante le fasi di stagionatura e questi, probabilmente, derivavano dal latte crudo. Pediococcus pentosaceus e Lactobacillus casei sono stati rilevati solo nei campioni di formaggio stagionato. Sono stati messi inoltre a punto dei saggi in real-timePCR per studiare l’espressione di otto geni implicati nel sistema quorum-sensing in Streptococcus thermophilus. Questo è stato fatto per verificare l’applicabilità di studi di espressione genica su RNA batterico estratto direttamente dalla matrice formaggio con l'intenzione, in futuro, di utilizzare questa tipologia di studi per la caratterizzazione di funzioni geniche interessanti per la produzione di prodotti lattiero-caseari.
BELLASSI, PAOLO. "Tecniche tassonomiche approfondite, metagenomica e valutazione della vitalità cellulare applicate allo studio di comunità batteriche del settore lattiero caseario." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/115771.
Full textIn dairy microbiology, research has moved from the study of the behavior of single microorganisms in milk in controlled situations to the study of complex bacterial communities and their interrelationship with the surrounding system. Three key concepts were studied in this thesis: the study of microbial micro-diversity by analyzing a specific Microbacterium genus in microfiltered milk, the complex microbiota of raw milk, and cell viability in natural whey starter. The three aims addressed were complementary to understand the process dynamics in milk and related productions. The genus Microbacterium was found predominantly in fresh microfiltered milk with an ability to grow at low temperatures. In addition, a new species was discovered more present and classified as Microbacterium paulum. The chemical and microbiological profile measured by omics techniques of raw milk revealed a feeding system influence mainly affecting secondary metabolites and some significant taxonomic units, including Pseudomonas and Staphylococcus. Finally, the study of the health status of the lactic community present in a natural whey starter has allowed the discovery of a rapid method to evaluate the technological performance of the whey by replacing the culture-dependent techniques.
CANDELIERE, FRANCESCO. "Tecniche genomiche e metagenomiche per la caratterizzazione di batteri e comunità microbiche in nicchie ecologiche rilevanti per la salute umana." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11380/1238973.
Full textThe modern Next Generation Sequencing technologies represent a crucial component in the study of microorganisms and microbial communities thanks to the huge quantity of data they can provide in a short period of time. These technologies allow the identification and characterization of microorganisms exploiting a vast number of bioinformatic tools that can replace the standard in vitro typing techniques, resulting in savings of time and resources. Genomics and metagenomics can be applied in different fields and they can provide information on single microorganism or on entire microbial communities. We focused our studies on two ecological niches: food matrices and human gut microbiome, due to their relevance to human health. The first work of this thesis is a comparative genomic study of 12 Leuconostoc carnosum strains isolated from meat-based products. This bacterium is a known colonizer of meat-based food matrices, it plays a role in spoilage, but preservative effects have also been proposed for some strains. In our study we performed whole genome sequencing for all the strains, and after genome assembly we identified their genomic features, the presence of plasmids, and genes related to antibiotic resistance, bacteriocins production, biogenic amines synthesis. We also reconstructed their metabolic pathways. The comparison revealed that the strains are closely related and share most of the metabolic features, confirming the adaptation to the meat environment due to the presence of 23 peptidase genes in their core genome. With this study we provided a deeper insight into the genomic and metabolic features of this bacterium ubiquitous in meat products. The second project of the thesis aimed to investigate through an inedited metagenomic strategy the presence of beta-glucuronidases (GUS) in the human gut microbiome. Beta-glucuronidases (GUS) produced by gut microbiome bacteria can remove glucuronic acid moieties from a vast range of compounds and metabolites, like drugs and xenobiotics. These molecules are conjugated with glucuronic acid in the liver to be excreted in the gastrointestinal tract, so the action of GUS may reactivate them allowing the reabsorption, with unpredictable and different efficacy of drugs and negative effect on health. GUS are classified in classes by the differences in the catalytic site. 60 shotgun sequenced metagenomic samples from healthy subjects, ascribed to five geographically distinct cohorts, have been retrieved. From this dataset, bacterial composition has been defined and a novel pipeline to investigate distribution the different GUS has been developed and utilized. Beta-diversity calculated on Bray-Curtis dissimilarity index has been used to determine the distances among samples and determine the differences among samples in terms of GUS type distribution and abundance of bacteria containing GUS. Since the structural differences in the enzyme involve a different substrate specificity, and taking into account the ratio of bacterial community harbouring GUS genes, we can assess that the microbiota composition can alter the excretion of certain drugs or xenobiotics, and determine a wide interindividual variability in terms of response to drugs. In the third part of the thesis, I present metagenomic analysis carried out in two other different studies, the former aimed to investigate the microbial composition in enriched human faecal samples to identify gut mucin degraders, and the latter focused on the description of the microbiota of Hermetia illucens larvae reared for food or feed consumption.
CALOGERO, Rosario. "studio sulla diversità e funzione di comunità batteriche associate a sedimenti marini contaminati da idrocarburi ed identificazione delle principali vie metaboliche relative alla degradazione dell'inquinante." Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11570/3104219.
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