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Journal articles on the topic 'Concave mirror'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 May 2022

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1

Watanabe, Takeo, Tsuneyuki Haga, Masahito Niibe, and Hiroo Kinoshita. "Design of beamline optics for EUVL." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 5, no. 3 (May 1, 1998): 1149–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0909049597017536.

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The design of front-end collimating optics for extreme-ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) is reported. For EUVL, collimating optics consisting of a concave toroidal mirror and a convex toroidal mirror can achieve shorter optical path lengths than collimating optics consisting of two concave toroidal mirrors. Collimating optics consisting of a concave toroidal mirror and a convex toroidal mirror are discussed. The design of collimating optics for EUVL beamlines based on ray-tracing studies is described.

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2

Graumann, Hugo, and Hans Laue. "Concave liquid-mirror experiments." Physics Teacher 36, no. 1 (January 1998): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.879953.

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3

Askerko, M. V., A. E. Gavlina, V. I. Batshev, and D. A. Novikov. "Orthogonal ray interferometer: modification for testing convex and concave mirror surfaces." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2127, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2127/1/012067.

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Abstract A non-contact optical method for testing of large concave and convex mirrors both spherical and aspheric is presented. It is based on the orthogonal ray interferometer modification. The point source is placed near the testing mirror and the chief ray propagates normally to its axis. The information about a tangential profile of testing mirror is contained in an interference pattern that is a result of superposition between two wavefronts, the first is reflected from the mirror, the second bypasses the mirror. Testing of the entire surface is carried out by rotating the mirror. Interferogram decoding method and algorithm for determination of an error of the testing surface are presented. The proposed method does not require bulky additional optical components what differs it from existing methods and makes promising primary for testing large astronomical mirrors. Furthermore, the method is universal and suited for surfaces with various geometrical parameters. The scheme with some modification of the present method is applied for surfaces without axis of rotational symmetry or freeform surfaces.

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4

Uslenghi, P. L. E. "Reflection by a Concave Parabolic Mirror." IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 11 (2012): 419–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2012.2194979.

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5

Kadio, D., O. Houde, and L. Pruvost. "A concave mirror for cold atoms." Europhysics Letters (EPL) 54, no. 4 (May 2001): 417–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/epl/i2001-00257-1.

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6

Liu, Xuan, Junhong Deng, King Fai Li, Mingke Jin, Yutao Tang, Xuecai Zhang, Xing Cheng, Hong Wang, Wei Liu, and Guixin Li. "Optical telescope with Cassegrain metasurfaces." Nanophotonics 9, no. 10 (April 10, 2020): 3263–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2020-0012.

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AbstractThe Cassegrain telescope, made of a concave primary mirror and a convex secondary mirror, is widely utilized for modern astronomical observation. However, the existence of curved mirrors inevitably results in bulky configurations. Here, we propose a new design of the miniaturized Cassegrain telescope by replacing the curved mirrors with planar reflective metasurfaces. The focusing and imaging properties of the Cassegrain metasurface telescopes are experimentally verified for circularly polarized incident light at near infrared wavelengths. The concept of the metasurface telescopes can be employed for applications in telescopes working at infrared, Terahertz, and microwave and even radio frequencies.

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7

Siahaan, Yahot, and Hartono Siswono. "Analysis the effect of reflector (flat mirror, convex mirror, and concave mirror) on solar panel." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 10, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 943. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v10.i2.pp943-952.

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<p>At the time of the sun a straight line with solar cells may not necessarily produce the maximum output. Various ways continue to be done in order to get the maximum output. The maximum utilization of output from solar cells will accelerate the function of the solar cell. The use of reflectors is an excellent way to maximum output with effective time. The author will analyze solar cells with flat mirror, convex mirror, concave mirror, and without reflector. Each reflector is given varying treatment by calibrating the angle of the reflector to the solar cell by 60<sup>o</sup>, 90<sup>o</sup>, and 120<sup>o</sup>. After testing and data retrieval turns reflector very influential on the output of solar cells. The solar cell output power increases with each different reflector. Maximum output is obtained in a concave mirror with an angle is 90<sup>o</sup>.</p>

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8

Пискунов, Т. С., Н. В. Барышников, И. В. Животовский, А. А. Сахаров, and В. А. Соколовский. "Методика измерения параметров вогнутых крупногабаритных асферических зеркал с помощью датчика волнового фронта." Журнал технической физики 127, no. 10 (2019): 586. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/os.2019.10.48362.167-19.

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AbstractA methodology has been developed for measuring radius R _v and eccentricity (conic parameter k ) of large concave aspherical mirrors using a wavefront sensor. Analytical expressions that directly relate Zernike coefficients a _4 and a _9 to parameters R _v and k of the mirror are obtained. It is shown that the technique does not require accurate mirror alignment before measurements. A computer analysis showed that the developed scheme enables measurements with errors of δ R _v < 0.1% and δ k < 0.01 for mirrors with radii from 100 to 2000 mm and with errors of δ R _v < 0.01% and δ k < 0.001 for mirrors with radii of more than 5000 mm.

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9

Kencana, H. P., B. H. Iswanto, and F. C. Wibowo. "Augmented Reality Geometrical Optics (AR-GiOs) for Physics Learning in High Schools." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2019, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2019/1/012004.

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Abstract This study aims to produce “Augmented Reality Geometrical Optics (AR-GiOs)” as a medium for physics learning for geometrical optics in high school. The method used in this study is the Research and Development method with the ADDIE model (Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, and Evaluate). AR-GiOs was developed to facilitate students in learning the concept of image formation and image properties of mirrors and lenses. AR-GiOs can display four 3D simulations, including 3D simulations of the image formation process by a concave mirror, a convex mirror, a concave lens, and a convex lens. In addition to AR, in this study, a worksheet was also developed to guide student learning activities and valuable as a marker. The results of product validation covering the material and media aspects got a very good average score (84% and 90%). Based on the results of the expert validation test, it can be concluded that AR-GiOs is suitable for use as a medium for learning physics in high school.

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10

Andreić, Željko, and Nikola Radić. "All-sky camera with a concave mirror." Applied Optics 35, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.35.000149.

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11

Graham, Robert M. "REAL IMAGE PRODUCED BY A CONCAVE MIRROR." Physics Teacher 44, no. 3 (March 2006): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.2173331.

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12

Fan, Mao, Binghua Wu, Yongfeng Yu, Shenhao Zhao, Hao Zhang, and Haiqing Liu. "Concave pin-mirror for near-eye display." Optik 245 (November 2021): 166976. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2021.166976.

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13

Feng, Jie, Bencong Song, and Bingfeng Zhou. "Bottom and Concave Surface Rendering in Image-based Visual Hull." International Journal of Virtual Reality 8, no. 2 (January 1, 2009): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/ijvr.2009.8.2.2723.

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Bottom and concave shapes on object surface are difficult to reconstruct in image-based visual hull method. In this paper, we propose a simple but efficient method to solve these problems in regular image-based visual hull framework. With the help of a simple image acquiring platform which involves a glass and a mirror, we can capture images of the object from both upper and lower side at the same time. Using these images, silhouette cones necessary for reconstructing the bottom and the concave surfaces could be generated. Therefore the final rendering result of the object can be significantly improved in accuracy and reality, especially in the parts of bottom and concaves.

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14

Alaruri, Sami D. "45.5X Infinity Corrected Schwarzschild Microscope Objective Lens Design." International Journal of Measurement Technologies and Instrumentation Engineering 7, no. 1 (January 2018): 17–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijmtie.2018010102.

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In this article, the design of a 45.5X (numerical aperture (NA) =0.5) infinity corrected, or infinite conjugate, Schwarzschild reflective microscope objective lens is discussed. Fast Fourier transform modulation transfer function (FFT MTF= 568.4 lines/mm at 50% contrast for the on-axis field-of-view), root-mean-square wavefront error (RMS WFE= 0.024 waves at 700 nm), point spread function (PSF, Strehl ratio= 0.972), encircled energy (0.88 µm spot radius at 80% fraction of enclosed energy), optical path difference (OPD=-0.644 waves) and Seidel coefficients calculated with Zemax® are provided to show that the design is diffraction-limited and aberration-free. Furthermore, formulas expressing the relationship between the parameters of the two spherical mirrors and the Schwarzschild objective lens focal length are given. In addition, tolerance and sensitivity analysis for the Schwarzschild objective lens, two spherical mirrors indicate that tilting the concave mirror (or secondary mirror) has a higher impact on the modulation transfer function values than tilts introduced by the convex mirror (or primary mirror). Finally, the performed tolerance and sensitivity analysis on the lens design suggests that decentering any of the mirrors by the same distance has the same effect on the modulation transfer function values.

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15

Dupré, Sven. "Optics, Pictures and Evidence: Leonardo's Drawings of Mirrors and Machinery." Early Science and Medicine 10, no. 2 (2005): 211–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573382054088132.

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AbstractLeonardo's drawings of optical machinery have been used (by David Hockney and others) as evidence for the claim that Leonardo built machines to make concave mirrors with which he could project images. This paper argues that Leonardo's drawings cannot be used as evidence for this claim. It will be shown that Leonardo used the drawings to communicate with his patrons and craftsmen, to experiment on paper, to record trials with models, and to think about 'theoretical' problems in optics. At both the theoretical and the practical level, Leonardo was only concerned with the burning properties of concave mirrors, not with their imaging properties. The paper will conclude that the drawings of optical machinery allowed Leonardo to differentiate himself from the ordinary mirror-makers in his workshop. The same drawings, however, also forced him to remain within the conceptual framework of perspectivist optics.

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16

Yiu, Yvonne. "The Mirror and Painting in Early Renaissance Texts." Early Science and Medicine 10, no. 2 (2005): 187–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573382054088114.

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AbstractIn Italy, notably Florence, the late fourteenth and the fifteenth centuries witnessed the proliferation of texts that discuss the relationship between the mirror and painting. In them, the mirror is closely associated with major innovations of the time such as naturalistic representation and linear perspective. On a technical level, the authors describe the mirror's function in the painting of self-portraits and recommend it be used to draw foreshortened objects more easily and to judge the quality of finished paintings. The technical aspects often lead over to theoretical considerations such as the limitations of perspective, the origins of painting, the analogy between the mirror image and the painted image, and the concept that the mind of the painter resembles a mirror. The fact that these texts do not mention the concave mirror projection method described by Hockney and Falco speaks strongly against its use in the early Renaissance.

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17

Yuan, Zheng, Yi Fan Dai, Xu Hui Xie, and Lin Zhou. "Ion Beam Figuring System for Ultra-Precise Optics." Key Engineering Materials 516 (June 2012): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.516.19.

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Ion beam figuring (IBF) is a novel technology for Ultra-precise optics. Material is removed from optic surface in atomic or molecular form by physical sputtering. Due to non-contact between the tool and the work piece, the problems involved in the conventional process are avoided, such as edge-effect and tool-wear. The ion beam figuring process is of high determinacy and high efficiency. All these properties make ion beam figuring one of the promising methods for producing mirrors of high precision with nm-rms accuracy. In this article, a new ion beam figuring system which contains doubled vacuum chambers is set up. Optics can be exchanged by a transport vehicle shuttling between the two vacuum chambers without opening the primary vacuum chamber and waiting for the ion source to cool completely, which means the efficiency can be increased greatly. A high performance processing robot contains three linear axes and two angular axes of motion, providing 5-axis ion source positioning capability with high accuracy. The angle can be up to 50° to figure very steep spherical and aspherical surfaces. Then, the beam removal function of Gaussian shape is obtained by an experimental method and it is extremely stable for a long time. Finally, two sample mirrors are figured by the ion beam figuring system: one is a fused silica flat mirror with a 100 mm diameter (90% effective aperture) and an ultra-precise flat mirror with a surface error of 0.89 nm rms, 14.7 nm PV is obtained; the other fused silica concave spherical mirror with a 100 mm aperture (90% effective aperture) and 420 mm radius of curvature is figured and a concave spherical mirror with 1 nm rms, 16.9 nm PV is obtained, which prove that the ion beam figuring system is favourable for the figuring process.

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18

Kitagawa, Yuma, Yuta Suzuki, and Shin-ichiro Tezuka. "Mathematical Shape Evaluation of a Concave MEMS Mirror." IEEJ Transactions on Sensors and Micromachines 140, no. 5 (May 1, 2020): 109–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejsmas.140.109.

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19

LI Hong-guang, 李红光, 张彭舜 ZHANG Peng-shun, and 达争尚 DA Zheng-shang. "Design of Large Off-axis Concave Sampling Mirror." ACTA PHOTONICA SINICA 39, no. 5 (2010): 851–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/gzxb20103905.0851.

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20

Wang, Ye Feng, Jing Hui Zeng, and Cai Hong Gong. "Dye-sensitized solar cells with titania concave mirror." Materials Research Bulletin 50 (February 2014): 221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.materresbull.2013.10.039.

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21

Yeh, Yunhae, and Se Hoon Park. "Fiber-optic tunable filter with a concave mirror." Optics Letters 37, no. 4 (February 10, 2012): 626. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.37.000626.

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22

Ezura, Atsushi, Katsufumi Inazawa, Kazuhiro Omori, Yoshihiro Uehara, Nobuhide Itoh, and Hitoshi Ohmori. "ELID Mirror Surface Grinding for Concave Molds by Conductive Elastic Wheel Containing Carbon Black." International Journal of Automation Technology 16, no. 1 (January 5, 2022): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2022.p0021.

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Elastic grinding wheels have previously been adopted for the development of the mirror surface finishing method for concave spheres. In this study, new conductive elastic grinding wheels, to which electrolytic in-process dressing (ELID) can be applied, are developed; the aim of the study is to address the challenge of maintaining a constant removal rate for rubber bond wheels. When ELID grinding is performed using a non-diene (isobutane isoprene rubber, IIR)-based wheel, a larger removal amount is achieved, and a higher-quality surface is also achieved compared to a diene (acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, NBR)-based wheel. In addition, to investigate the effect of grinding wheel bond hardness on the removal amount and ground shape accuracy, grinding wheels with various levels of hardness are prepared by controlling the amount of carbon black contained in them, and grinding experiments are conducted. Thus, a larger removal amount is achieved using a harder grinding wheel, but the roughness of the ground surfaces deteriorates. Therefore, in practice, it is necessary to select an appropriate grinding wheel that can achieve both productivity and surface quality. Finally, to obtain a high-quality mirror finish on a concave spherical surface, ELID grinding is performed on the workpieces as is done for spherical lens molds. Thus, high-quality mirror surfaces with roughness Ra < 10 nm were generated. When the work pieces are ground using a grinding wheel of the same radius, excessive removal occurs at the edge of the concave spherical profile, decreasing the form accuracy. Numerical simulation demonstrates that chamfering of the grinding wheel is effective for improving the shape accuracy. The results of this study are expected to contribute to automation and cost reduction in the mirror-finishing process for concave molds.

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23

Chang, Jin Won, Saeng Soo Kim, Jae Kyoo Lim, and Jong Jo Lee. "Study on Solar Generating Apparatus for Solving Problem of Shadow." Applied Mechanics and Materials 776 (July 2015): 449–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.776.449.

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As we secure sufficient space to distribute power generation equipment of solar energy, there will be no shaded area, but for the limited space, we can find temporaryshaded area surely for a few moments or a few hours .For the fixed type which are used to most roof solar power plant, side beam is projected for certain period of time before and after sunset, it would be affected to electric generation efficiency, so we researched to solve this phenomena using concave and convex mirror. For basic principle, when module is positioned at shaded area and time, it can deliver to be spread toward module to be accumulatedsunshine with concave mirror and reflected with convex mirror. For net energy which is obtained from sunlight, it produced 223W/day and it produced 207W/dayusing reflect mirror, we can get result which we can get similar amount of power energy only with reflect mirror.It shows that the production by direct light has increase of 8% more than production by reflected light.

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24

Yang, H. Z., K. S. Lim, S. W. Harun, K. Dimyati, and H. Ahmad. "Enhanced bundle fiber displacement sensor based on concave mirror." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 162, no. 1 (July 2010): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2010.05.029.

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25

Saado, Y., M. Golosovsky, D. Davidov, and A. Frenkel. "Near-field focusing by a photonic crystal concave mirror." Journal of Applied Physics 98, no. 6 (September 15, 2005): 063105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2058179.

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26

Dong, Jianing, He Chen, Yinchao Zhang, Siying Chen, and Pan Guo. "Miniature anastigmatic spectrometer design with a concave toroidal mirror." Applied Optics 55, no. 7 (February 25, 2016): 1537. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.55.001537.

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27

Fuerschbach, Kyle, Kevin P. Thompson, and Jannick P. Rolland. "Interferometric measurement of a concave, φ-polynomial, Zernike mirror." Optics Letters 39, no. 1 (December 16, 2013): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.39.000018.

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28

Tsai, Hai-En, Alexey V. Arefiev, Joseph M. Shaw, David J. Stark, Xiaoming Wang, Rafal Zgadzaj, and M. C. Downer. "Self-aligning concave relativistic plasma mirror with adjustable focus." Physics of Plasmas 24, no. 1 (January 2017): 013106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4973432.

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29

Liu, Y.-Z. "Negative refraction makes photonic crystal as super-concave-mirror." Laser Physics Letters 3, no. 4 (April 1, 2006): 216–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lapl.200510079.

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30

Ema, Kazuhiro, Nobuyuki Kagi, and Fujio Shimizu. "Optical compression using a monochromator and a concave mirror." Optics Communications 71, no. 1-2 (May 1989): 103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0030-4018(89)90313-1.

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31

Liu, Z. Q., K. Okada, and T. Honda. "Radius measurement of a concave mirror with absolute interferometry." Optics & Laser Technology 27, no. 4 (August 1995): xiii. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0030-3992(95)93739-e.

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32

Terada, D., and T. Iuchi. "Emissivity-compensated radiation thermometry method using a concave mirror." Review of Scientific Instruments 92, no. 5 (May 1, 2021): 054903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0049666.

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33

Shimizu, Hiroki, Keitaro Tanaka, and Yuuma Tamaru. "Development of a Compact Deformable Mirror Using Push-Pull Actuators." Key Engineering Materials 613 (May 2014): 200–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.613.200.

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A small deformable mirror which realizes concave shape as well as convex shape has been developed. In addition, this deformable mirror was developed to realize long term stability. For this purpose, a new push-pull actuator using two multilayered piezoelectric actuators aligned inline was designed. In this process, a practical method for simulating the property of piezoelectric actuator in the finite element method was proposed. From the experimental results, it was confirmed that newly developed deformable mirror has the ability to make complex profiles. Furthermore, efficiency of proposed simulation method was also confirmed.

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34

Tsukanova, G. I., and K. D. Butylkina. "Fast three-mirror objectives having no intermediate image with convex second and concave third mirrors." Journal of Optical Technology 81, no. 3 (March 1, 2014): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/jot.81.000114.

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35

Speiser, Daniel I., and Sönke Johnsen. "Comparative Morphology of the Concave Mirror Eyes of Scallops (Pectinoidea)*." American Malacological Bulletin 26, no. 1-2 (December 29, 2008): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4003/006.026.0204.

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36

Berkhout, J. J., O. J. Luiten, I. D. Setija, T. W. Hijmans, T. Mizusaki, and J. T. M. Walraven. "Focusing of hydrogen atoms with a concave He-coated mirror." Physica B: Condensed Matter 165-166 (August 1990): 11–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-4526(90)80855-d.

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37

Berkhout, J. J., O. J. Luiten, I. D. Setija, T. W. Hijmans, T. Mizusaki, and J. T. M. Walraven. "Quantum reflection: Focusing of hydrogen atoms with a concave mirror." Physical Review Letters 63, no. 16 (October 16, 1989): 1689–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.63.1689.

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38

Nakajima, Kazuo, Keisuke Ohdaira, Kozo Fujiwara, and Wugen Pan. "Solar cell system using a polished concave Si-crystal mirror." Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 88, no. 3 (August 2005): 323–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2005.03.012.

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39

Qin, Yingxiong. "Output beam characteristics of a toric concave mirror laser resonator." Optical Engineering 48, no. 10 (October 1, 2009): 104202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.3231592.

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40

Harun, S. W., M. Yasin, and H. Ahmad. "Micro-displacement sensor with multimode fused coupler and concave mirror." Laser Physics 21, no. 4 (March 4, 2011): 729–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1054660x11070103.

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41

Ju-Nan, Kuo, Chen Wei-Lun, and Jywe Wen-Yuh. "Surface Micromachined Adjustable Micro-Concave Mirror for Bio-Detection Applications." Chinese Physics Letters 26, no. 8 (August 2009): 088501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0256-307x/26/8/088501.

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42

Yingxiong, Qin, Tang Xiahui, Xiao Yu, Liu Juan, Wang Du, Peng Hao, Deng Qiansong, Zhu Xiao, and Li Zhengjia. "Toric concave mirror laser resonator with a big Fresnel number." Optics Letters 34, no. 7 (March 31, 2009): 1120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.34.001120.

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43

Kim, Young Min, Kwang-Mo Jung, and Sung-Wook Min. "Analysis of Off-axis Integral Floating System Using Concave Mirror." Journal of the Optical Society of Korea 16, no. 3 (September 25, 2012): 270–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3807/josk.2012.16.3.270.

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44

KOHNO, Tsuguo, and Shoichi TANAKA. "Figure Measurement of Concave Mirror by Fiber-Grating Hartmann Test." Optical Review 1, no. 1 (November 1994): 118–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10043-994-0118-z.

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45

Timashova, L. N., and N. N. Kulakova. "Analysis of Interferometer with Micro-Mirror on Beam Splitting Cube." Herald of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University. Series Instrument Engineering, no. 3 (136) (September 2021): 129–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/0236-3933-2021-3-129-143.

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The control of the shape of the optical part surface by the interference method has become an integral part of the process of their shaping. With a precisely focused interferometer interferometry allows obtaining an interference pattern similar to a topographic map of the error profile of the wave surface under investigation. The interferometer must form a map of the optical surface with high accuracy --- the permissible distortion of the interference fringe caused by an interferometer error should not exceed 0.1 of the distortion value caused by an error on the examined surface. The dependence of the interference pattern formation on the errors in the arrangement of the interferometer components, i.e., defocusing, was theoretically analyzed using Fourier transforms. The analysis was performed for an interferometer containing a laser illuminator, a concave spherical mirror with a central hole, coaxial to the illuminator, and a beamsplitting element in the form of a cube-prism with a semitransparent hypotenuse face. On the first flat face of the cube-prism, a microspherical concave mirror is made with the center located on the optical axis of the interferometer. A method for calculating the defocusing of a controlled spherical mirror and the corresponding wave aberration of the working wavefront is presented. An example of calculating the design parameters of the interferometer and the permissible defocusing of the controlled spherical mirror is given

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46

Ragozin, E. N. "Stigmatic Spectroscopic Instruments for the Wavelength Range 30-300 Å With High Angular and Spectral Resolution Using Multi-layer Mirrors." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 115 (1990): 380–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100012616.

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A concept of stigmatic spectroscopic instruments for the range λ ~30-300 Å is presented, A parallel beam is dispersed by means of a plane diffraction grating at grazing incidence, whereas focusing of the XUV radiation is performed by a concave multilayer mirror at normal incidence. A spectroheliograph of the new type may have dispersion an order of magnitude higher than traditional Wadsworth-type instruments. The theoretical resolving power of a spectrograph of the new type is limited by apertures of the multilayer mirrors or by the total number of grooves of the grating and many reach (λ/δλ)theor ~ mN ~ 3.105 using presently available optical elements.

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47

NEMENKO, A. V., and M. M. NIKITIN. "APPLICATION OF ELASTIC DEFORMATIONS TO PARABOLOIDAL SURFACE MAKING." Fundamental and Applied Problems of Engineering and Technology 3 (2020): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.33979/2073-7408-2020-341-3-11-19.

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The transformation of a spherical concave mirror into a parabolic one with the help of elastic bending deformations is considered. The magnitude and direction of the load, which creates the necessary bend for transforming the mirror with the given parameters, are determined. Uneven material removal during machining is replaced by the bend of an optically accurate spherical surface already obtained. The application of the results to the creation of an active control system for the shaping of the surface of a paraboloid of rotation is considered. The proposed finishing technology is aimed at solving the problem of guaranteed obtaining optically accurate surface of a parabolic mirror.

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48

Kato, Tomoyuki, Akihiro Matsutani, Takahiro Sakaguchi, and Kohroh Kobayashi. "Sub-harmonic mode-locking of VCSEL with a concave external mirror." IEICE Electronics Express 5, no. 4 (2008): 152–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/elex.5.152.

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49

Joshi, Amitabh, and Juan D. Serna. "Refractive index of a transparent liquid measured with a concave mirror." Physics Education 47, no. 5 (September 2012): 559–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9120/47/5/559.

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50

Dou, Yimeng, Qun Yuan, Zhishan Gao, Huimin Yin, Lu Chen, Yanxia Yao, and Jinlong Cheng. "Partial null astigmatism-compensated interferometry for a concave freeform Zernike mirror." Journal of Optics 20, no. 6 (May 16, 2018): 065702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2040-8986/aac1db.

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