Relevant bibliographies by topics / Concentrated solar power plants

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
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Academic literature on the topic 'Concentrated solar power plants'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Concentrated solar power plants"

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Cirocco, Luigi, Martin Belusko, Frank Bruno, John Boland, and Peter Pudney. "Optimisation of Storage for Concentrated Solar Power Plants." Challenges 5, no. 2 (December 12, 2014): 473–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/challe5020473.

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Zhang, H. L., J. Baeyens, J. Degrève, and G. Cacères. "Concentrated solar power plants: Review and design methodology." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 22 (June 2013): 466–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2013.01.032.

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Boretti, Alberto, Jamal Nayfeh, and Wael Al-Kouz. "Validation of SAM Modeling of Concentrated Solar Power Plants." Energies 13, no. 8 (April 15, 2020): 1949. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13081949.

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The paper proposes the validation of the latest System Advisor Model (SAM) vs. the experimental data for concentrated solar power energy facilities. Both parabolic trough, and solar tower, are considered, with and without thermal energy storage. The 250 MW parabolic trough facilities of Genesis, Mojave, and Solana, and the 110 MW solar tower facility of Crescent Dunes, all in the United States South-West, are modeled. The computed monthly average capacity factors for the average weather year are compared with the experimental data measured since the start of the operation of the facilities. While much higher sampling frequencies are needed for proper validation, as monthly averaging dramatically filters out differences between experiments and simulations, computational results are relatively close to measured values for the parabolic trough, and very far from for solar tower systems. The thermal energy storage is also introducing additional inaccuracies. It is concluded that the code needs further development, especially for the solar field and receiver of the solar tower modules, and the thermal energy storage. Validation of models and sub-models vs. high-frequency data collected on existing facilities, for both energy production, power plant parameters, and weather conditions, is a necessary step before using the code for designing novel facilities.
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Pelay, Ugo, Lingai Luo, Yilin Fan, Driss Stitou, and Mark Rood. "Thermal energy storage systems for concentrated solar power plants." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 79 (November 2017): 82–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.03.139.

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Kolios, A. J., S. Paganini, and S. Proia. "Development of thermodynamic cycles for concentrated solar power plants." International Journal of Sustainable Energy 32, no. 5 (October 2013): 296–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786451.2012.663758.

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Moustafa, Rezq, and Ahmed Mansour. "MODELING AND DESIGN OF THERMAL POWER PLANTS USING CONCENTRATED SOLAR POWER SYSTEMS." Journal of Al-Azhar University Engineering Sector 11, no. 38 (January 1, 2016): 95–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/auej.2016.19496.

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Dettmer, Ramon Jesuino, Paulo Renato da Costa Mendes, and Júlio Elias Normey-Rico. "Nonlinear Model Predictive Control applied to Concentrated Solar Power Plants." IFAC-PapersOnLine 53, no. 2 (2020): 12745–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2020.12.1904.

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Yan, Hui, Anming Wang, Daotong Chong, Ming Liu, Jiping Liu, and Junjie Yan. "Review on Performance Analysis of the Power Block in Concentrated Solar Power Plants." Energy Technology 9, no. 1 (November 17, 2020): 2000621. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ente.202000621.

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Al-Kayiem, Hussain, and Sanan Mohammad. "Potential of Renewable Energy Resources with an Emphasis on Solar Power in Iraq: An Outlook." Resources 8, no. 1 (February 25, 2019): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources8010042.

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This study presents an outlook on the renewable energies in Iraq, and the potential for deploying concentrated solar power technologies to support power generation in Iraq. Solar energy has not been sufficiently utilized at present in Iraq. However, this energy source can play an important role in energy production in Iraq, as the global solar radiation ranging from 2000 kWh/m2 to a 2500 kWh/m2 annual daily average. In addition, the study presents the limited current solar energy activities in Iraq. The attempts of the Iraqi government to utilize solar energy are also presented. Two approaches for utilizing concentrated solar power have been proposed, to support existing thermal power generation, with the possibility of being implemented as standalone plants or being integrated with thermal power plants. However, the cost analysis has shown that for 50 kW concentrated solar power in Iraq, the cost is around 0.23 US cent/kWh without integration with energy storage. Additionally, notable obstacles and barriers bounding the utilization of solar energy are also discussed. Finally, this study proposes initiatives that can be adopted by the Iraqi government to support the use of renewable energy resources in general, and solar energy in particular.
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Gemechu, B. D., and V. I. Sharapov. "Energy efficiency assessment of hybrid solar-geothermal power plant." Power engineering: research, equipment, technology 21, no. 4 (December 9, 2019): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2019-21-4-3-11.

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An assessment of the energy efficiency of a hybrid solar-geothermal power plant is performed taking into account the geothermal resource of one of the productive well (TD4) and the direct normal irradiance at Tendaho geothermal site in Ethiopia. A thermodynamic model of a single-flash geothermal plant integrated with a parabolic trough concentrated solar power system is developed to estimate the energy production in a hybrid solar-geothermal power plant. In the hybrid power plant, the parabolic trough concentrated solar power system is employed to superheat the geothermal steam in order to gain more energy before it expands in the turbine. Thermodynamic analysis, based on the principles of mass and energy conservation, was performed to assess the efficiency of the hybrid power plant at the given conditions of Tendaho geothermal site. A figure of merit analysis was also employed to evaluate whether a hybrid power plant could produce more power than two stand-alone power plants namely the solar and geothermal power plants that constitute the hybrid power plant. Results showed that the hybrid power plant technically outperformed the two stand-alone power plants. By integrating the two energy resources, the hybrid power plant proved to generate 7158 kW of electricity which is larger than the sum of the two stand-alone power plants (geothermal and solar).
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Concentrated solar power plants"

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Miranda, Gilda. "Dispatch Optimizer for Concentrated Solar Power Plants." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Byggteknik och byggd miljö, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-402436.

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Concentrating solar power (CSP) plant is a promising technology that exploits direct normal irradiation (DNI) from the sun to be converted into thermal energy in the solar field. One of the advantages of CSP technology is the possibility to store thermal energy in thermal energy storage (TES) for later production of electricity. The integration of thermal storage allows the CSP plant to be a dispatchable system which is defined as having a capability to schedule its operation using an innovative dispatch planning tool. Considering weather forecast and electricity price profile in the market, dispatch planning tool uses an optimization algorithm. It aims to shift the schedule of electricity delivery to the hours with high electricity price. These hours are usually reflected by the high demand periods. The implementation of dispatch optimizer can benefit the CSP plants economically from the received financial revenues. This study proposes an optimization of dispatch planning strategies for the parabolic trough CSP plant under two dispatch approaches: solar driven and storage driven. The performed simulation improves the generation of electricity which reflects to the increase of financial revenue from the electricity sale in both solar and storage driven approaches. Moreover, the optimization also proves to reduce the amount of dumped thermal energy from the solar field.
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Ehtiwesh, Ismael Alagili Sassi. "Exergetic, energetic, economic and environmental evaluation of concentrated solar power plants in Libya." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/15882.

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Doutoramento em Engenharia Mecânica
The PhD project addresses the potential of using concentrating solar power (CSP) plants as a viable alternative energy producing system in Libya. Exergetic, energetic, economic and environmental analyses are carried out for a particular type of CSP plants. The study, although it aims a particular type of CSP plant – 50 MW parabolic trough-CSP plant, it is sufficiently general to be applied to other configurations. The novelty of the study, in addition to modeling and analyzing the selected configuration, lies in the use of a state-of-the-art exergetic analysis combined with the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). The modeling and simulation of the plant is carried out in chapter three and they are conducted into two parts, namely: power cycle and solar field. The computer model developed for the analysis of the plant is based on algebraic equations describing the power cycle and the solar field. The model was solved using the Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software; and is designed to define the properties at each state point of the plant and then, sequentially, to determine energy, efficiency and irreversibility for each component. The developed model has the potential of using in the preliminary design of CSPs and, in particular, for the configuration of the solar field based on existing commercial plants. Moreover, it has the ability of analyzing the energetic, economic and environmental feasibility of using CSPs in different regions of the world, which is illustrated for the Libyan region in this study. The overall feasibility scenario is completed through an hourly analysis on an annual basis in chapter Four. This analysis allows the comparison of different systems and, eventually, a particular selection, and it includes both the economic and energetic components using the “greenius” software. The analysis also examined the impact of project financing and incentives on the cost of energy. The main technological finding of this analysis is higher performance and lower levelized cost of electricity (LCE) for Libya as compared to Southern Europe (Spain). Therefore, Libya has the potential of becoming attractive for the establishment of CSPs in its territory and, in this way, to facilitate the target of several European initiatives that aim to import electricity generated by renewable sources from North African and Middle East countries. The analysis is presented a brief review of the current cost of energy and the potential of reducing the cost from parabolic trough- CSP plant. Exergetic and environmental life cycle assessment analyses are conducted for the selected plant in chapter Five; the objectives are 1) to assess the environmental impact and cost, in terms of exergy of the life cycle of the plant; 2) to find out the points of weakness in terms of irreversibility of the process; and 3) to verify whether solar power plants can reduce environmental impact and the cost of electricity generation by comparing them with fossil fuel plants, in particular, Natural Gas Combined Cycle (NGCC) plant and oil thermal power plant. The analysis also targets a thermoeconomic analysis using the specific exergy costing (SPECO) method to evaluate the level of the cost caused by exergy destruction. The main technological findings are that the most important contribution impact lies with the solar field, which reports a value of 79%; and the materials with the vi highest impact are: steel (47%), molten salt (25%) and synthetic oil (21%). The “Human Health” damage category presents the highest impact (69%) followed by the “Resource” damage category (24%). In addition, the highest exergy demand is linked to the steel (47%); and there is a considerable exergetic demand related to the molten salt and synthetic oil with values of 25% and 19%, respectively. Finally, in the comparison with fossil fuel power plants (NGCC and Oil), the CSP plant presents the lowest environmental impact, while the worst environmental performance is reported to the oil power plant followed by NGCC plant. The solar field presents the largest value of cost rate, where the boiler is a component with the highest cost rate among the power cycle components. The thermal storage allows the CSP plants to overcome solar irradiation transients, to respond to electricity demand independent of weather conditions, and to extend electricity production beyond the availability of daylight. Numerical analysis of the thermal transient response of a thermocline storage tank is carried out for the charging phase. The system of equations describing the numerical model is solved by using time-implicit and space-backward finite differences and which encoded within the Matlab environment. The analysis presented the following findings: the predictions agree well with the experiments for the time evolution of the thermocline region, particularly for the regions away from the top-inlet. The deviations observed in the near-region of the inlet are most likely due to the high-level of turbulence in this region due to the localized level of mixing resulting; a simple analytical model to take into consideration this increased turbulence level was developed and it leads to some improvement of the predictions; this approach requires practically no additional computational effort and it relates the effective thermal diffusivity to the mean effective velocity of the fluid at each particular height of the system. Altogether the study indicates that the selected parabolic trough-CSP plant has the edge over alternative competing technologies for locations where DNI is high and where land usage is not an issue, such as the shoreline of Libya.
O projeto de Doutoramento aborda o potencial de usar centrais de energia solar concentrada (CSP) como um sistema de produção de energia alternativa disponível na Líbia. Uma análise nas vertentes exergética, energética, económica e ambiental foi realizada para um tipo particular destas centrais – um sistema de 50 MW com receção parabólica, porém ela é suficientemente geral para ser aplicada a outras configurações. A originalidade do estudo, para além da modelação e análise da configuração selecionada encontra-se na utilização do estado da arte em termos da análise exergética combinada com a avaliação do ciclo de vida (LCA). A modelação e simulação da central CSP selecionada são efetuadas no terceiro capítulo tendo em consideração as duas componentes: ciclo de potência e campo de coletores solar. O modelo computacional para a análise do sistema foi desenvolvido com base em equações algébricas que descrevem o sistema, e que são resolvidas usando o software EES. Deste modo, são definidas as propriedades em cada ponto de interesse para os diferentes elementos do sistema, o que assim permite determinar as energias, eficiências e irreversibilidades desses elementos. O modelo desenvolvido tem o potencial de se tornar uma ferramenta de grande utilidade para o projeto preliminar de engenharia de centrais CSP, e também para a avaliação da eventual reconfiguração de centrais elétricas solares comerciais em operação. Além disso, o modelo pode ser utilizado no estudo de viabilidade da operação de centrais CSP, através da análise energética, económica e ambiental, para regiões diferentes da que foi escolhida no presente estudo -Trípoli (Líbia). O cenário total da viabilidade da operação da central CSP é completado através da análise horária com base anual apresentada no quarto capítulo. Esta análise permite a comparação de diferentes sistemas e, eventualmente permite fazer a seleção com base nas componentes económicas e energéticas, que são determinadas dentro do contexto do software greenius. A análise também toma em conta o impacto de financiamento e incentivos dados aos projetos no custo da produção de energia. O principal resultado desta análise é a verificação que o desempenho é mais elevado, com o consequente menor custo nivelado da eletricidade, para a Líbia em comparação com o Sul da Europa (Espanha). Assim a Líbia tem o potencial de se tornar um candidato atrativo para o estabelecimento de centrais CSP com o objetivo, como foi considerado em várias iniciativas europeias, de exportar eletricidade gerada através de fontes de energia renováveis de países do Norte de África e Médio Oriente para a Europa. A análise apresenta uma breve revisão do custo corrente da eletricidade e o potencial para reduzir o custo da energia a partir da tecnologia de receção parabólica de centrais CSP. A avaliação do ciclo de vida com base exergética (ELCA) e a avaliação do ciclo de vida convencional são realizadas para a centrais CSP específicas no quinto capítulo. Os objetivos são 1) avaliar o impacto ambiental e custo, em termos de do ciclo iv de vida exergético do sistema; 2) identificar pontos fracos em termos da irreversibilidade dos processos; e 3) verificar se as centrais CSP podem reduzir o impacto ambiental e o custo de geração de eletricidade em comparação com centrais que consomem combustível fóssil. O capítulo ainda apresenta uma análise termoeconómica com base na metodologia do custo específico da exergia (SPECO), que avalia o custo relacionado com a destruição de exergia. A análise verificou que o impacto mais importante é a contribuição apresentada pelo campo solar (79%), e os materiais com maior impacto são: aço (47%), sal fundido (25%) e óleo sintético (21%). A análise ELCA mostra que a maior demanda de exergia é devida ao aço (47%); a análise existe uma considerável demanda de exergia relacionada com o sal fundido e ainda o óleo sintético. Em comparação com as centrais que consomem combustível fóssil (NGCC e óleo) a central sistema CSP apresenta menor impacto ambiental, enquanto o pior desempenho ambiental é o da central com queima de óleo seguida pela central a gás natural (NGCC). Na central CSP, o campo solar apresenta o custo mais elevado, enquanto o gerador de vapor, entre os componentes do ciclo de potência, apresenta o maior custo. O armazenamento de energia térmica permite que as centrais CSP superem a intermitência de radiação solar para responder à procura de energia elétrica independentemente das condições climáticas, e também possam estender a produção de eletricidade para além da disponibilidade da radiação solar diária. A análise numérica do transiente térmico de um sistema de armazenamento de gradiente térmico é realizada durante a fase de carregamento. O sistema de equações que descreve o modelo numérico é resolvido através da utilização de diferenças finitas implícitas no tempo usando o software Matlab. Os resultados da análise indicam que as previsões estão em boa concordância com os dados experimentais para a evolução no tempo da região de gradiente térmico, em particular para regiões mais afastadas da entrada. Nesta região os desvios observados são provavelmente causados pelo alto nível de turbulência devido à penetração do jato no seio do tanque de armazenamento. O modelo analítico simples para simular a turbulência que foi desenvolvido melhora os resultados. Esta abordagem não requer esforço computacional adicional e determina a difusidade térmica efetiva ao longo do tanque.
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Wagner, Sharon J. "Environmental and Economic Implications of Thermal Energy Storage for Concentrated Solar Power Plants." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2011. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/682.

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Amba, Harsha Vardhan. "Operation and Monitoring of Parabolic Trough Concentrated Solar Power Plant." Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5891.

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The majority of the power generated today is produced using fossil fuels,emitting carbon dioxide and other pollutants every second. Also, fossil fuels will eventually run out. For the increasing worldwide energy demand, the use f reliable and environmentally beneficial natural energy sources is one of the biggest challenges. Alongside wind and water, the solar energy which is clean, CO2-neutral and limitless, is our most valuable resource. Concentrated solar power (CSP) is becoming one of the excellent alternative sources for the power industry. The successful implementation of this technology requires the efficient design of tracking and operation system of the CSP solar plants. A detailed analysis of components needed for the design of cost-effective and optimum tracker for CSP solar systems is required for the power plant modeling, which is the primary subject of this thesis. A comprehensive tracking and operating system of a parabolic trough solar power plant was developed focusing primarily on obtaining optimum and cost effective design through the simplified methodology of this work. This new model was implemented for a 50 kWe parabolic trough solar power plant at University of South Florida, Tampa.
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Rehn, Alexander W. (Alexander William). "Nanoengineered surfaces for improvements in energy systems : application to concentrated solar and geothermal power plants." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/76971.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Nuclear Science and Engineering, 2012.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 140-148).
The main drawback to renewable energy systems is the higher cost of production compared to competitors such as fossil fuels. Thus, there is a need to increase the efficiency of renewable energy systems in an effort to make them more cost competitive. In this study, the use of nanosurfaces is evaluated for its benefits in improving the efficiency of a concentrated solar tower power system by increasing the energy retained by the receiver surface, and for reducing the fouling on geothermal heat exchangers. The samples tested for the solar receiver application were Inconel 617, Inconel 617 with a 150 nm layer of platinum, Inconel 617 with a 150 nm layer of platinum and a 550 nm layer of nickel oxide, oxidized nickel, and silicon carbide. The experimental results indicated that the platinum was an ineffective diffusion barrier, nickel oxide displays solar selective properties, and silicon carbide would be the best choice for a surface among the samples tested. This indicates that at the operating temperatures for this receiver at 700 °C, a black body surface is more effective than a practical solar selective surface. The nanosurfaces tested for the antifouling application in geothermal systems were subjected to chemistry conditions similar to that in a Dry Cooling Tower at a geothermal plant in Larderello, Italy. Each sample's performance was measured by determining each samples weight change and surface characterization after exposure in an experimental loop. The best performing coatings, all of which showed negligible weight gain, were the Curran 1000 coating from Curran International, the Curran 1000 coating with nanographene, and the Curralon coating with PTFE. Upon further analysis, the Curran 1000 with nanographene was identified as the most promising coating option.
by Alexander W. Rehn.
S.M.
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Abiose, Kabir. "Improving the concentrated solar power plant through connecting the modular parabolic solar trough." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/105718.

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Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2016.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Concentrating solar power (CSP) stands as a promising renewable energy technology with the ability to contribute towards global reduction of carbon emissions. A major obstacle to increased adoption of CSP plants has to do with their high initial investment cost; consequently, there is a powerful desire to find improvements that decrease the initial capital investment for a CSP plant. One such improvement involves connecting modularized parabolic trough segments, each with the same dimensions, decreasing the overall amount of actuators required along with greatly simplifying system control architecture. This thesis is concerned with the extent to which parabolic solar trough modules can be connected together while still being able to operate to desired accuracy under expected load. Accuracy requirements are calculated, along with expected loads resulting in frictional torque on the trough. These expected loads are combined with a model for the effect of connecting multiple trough modules to generate a relationship between number of chained modules and required torsional stiffness. To verify said model, an experimental setup was designed and constructed to simulate loads due to both trough weight and wind loads.
by Kabir Abiose.
S.B.
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Ruiz-Cabañas, F. Javier. "Corrosion evaluation of molten salts thermal energy storage (TES) systems in concentrated solar power plants (CSP)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671680.

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El protagonisme creixent de la tecnologia solar termoelèctrica entre el ventall de les energies renovables es centra en la seva capacitat d’adaptar la seva producció a la demanda energètica exigida. La gestionabilitat d’aquest tipus de centrals s’ha aconseguit amb la integració de sistemes d’emmagatzematge tèrmic en les mateixes. La major part dels sistemes d’emmagatzematge tèrmic, ja sigui els que s’utilitzen a nivell comercial com aquells que es troben en fase de desenvolupament proposen l’ús de sals inorgàniques foses com a medi d’emmagatzematge. Aquestes sals presenten l’inconvenient de la seva alta corrosivitat a altes temperatures. Per un costat, s’han analitzat els fenòmens de corrosió associats a les sals solars utilitzades a la planta pilot TES-PS10 mitjançant la instal·lació de racks de testimonis de corrosió als tancs de sals. A més, al finalitzar l’operació de la instal·lació pilot s’ha dut a terme un estudi post-mortem dels seus. Finalment, amb l’objectiu d’abaratir el cost de l’inventari de sals, s’ha analitzat a nivell de laboratori la corrosivitat de diferents mescles de nitrats de baixa puresa. El segon bloc de la tesi es centra en els sistemes d’emmagatzematge tèrmic en calor latent. Concretament, s’analitza la corrosió associada a la mescla peritèctica 46% LiOH-54% KOH proposta com a material de canvi de fase en un mòdul d’evaporació d’instal·lacions termoelèctriques de generació directa de vapor. D’aquesta forma, s’han dut a terme una sèrie d’assajos a nivell de laboratori amb l’objectiu d’avaluar el comportament envers la corrosió de diferents materials en contacte amb aquests hidròxids.
El creciente protagonismo de la tecnología solar se centra en su capacidad para adaptar su producción a la demanda energética exigida. La gestionabilidad de este tipo de centrales se ha conseguido mediante la integración de sistemas de almacenamiento térmico en sales fundidas. El uso de sales fundidas en sistemas de almacenamiento térmico presenta el hándicap de su corrosividad a alta temperatura. El primer bloque de la Tesis analiza los fenómenos de corrosión asociados a las sales solares en la planta piloto TES-PS10 mediante la instalación de racks de corrosión en los tanques de sales. Además, se ha llevado a cabo un estudio post-mortem de componentes de la instalación. Finalmente, se ha analizado a nivel de laboratorio la corrosividad de distintas mezclas de nitrato de baja pureza. El segundo bloque de la tesis se centra en los sistemas de almacenamiento en calor latente. En concreto, se analiza la corrosión asociada a la mezcla peritéctica 46% LiOH-54% KOH propuesta como material de cambio de fase en el módulo de evaporación en plantas de generación directa de vapor. De este modo, se han llevado a cabo ensayos de corrosión a nivel de laboratorio para evaluar el comportamiento a corrosión de distintos materiales en contacto con los hidróxidos.
The growing of concentrated solar power (CSP) within the different renewable energies is due to its ability to adapt the production to the required energy demand. The dispatchability of this type of plants has been achieved through the integration of molten salts thermal storage systems (TES). Molten salts have a handicap associated to their corrosiveness at high temperature. First block of this Thesis analyzes the corrosion phenomena associated with solar salts used in TES-PS10 pilot plant by installing corrosion racks in the salt tanks. Moreover, a postmortem study of different components was performed after facility shut down. Finally, in order to reduce the cost of the salt inventory in TES systems, the corrosivity of different low purity nitrates mixtures has been analyzed at laboratory scale. The second block of the Thesis focuses on latent heat storage systems. Specifically, it has been analyzed the corrosion associated with the proposed 46% LiOH-54% KOH peritectic mixture as a phase change material in the evaporation module of direct steam generation (DSG) CSP plants. Thus, corrosion tests have been performed at laboratory level to evaluate the corrosion performance of several materials in contact with such hydroxides.
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Guerreiro, Luís. "Energy optimization of a concentrated solar power plant with thermal storage." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/25594.

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One of the most relevant problems to solve at a planetary scale is the access to an affordable clean source of energy as CO2 equivalent emissions should be reduced significantly. Some authors aim for a zero emissions target for 2050. Renewable energies will play a leading role in this energy transition, and solar energy with storage is a promising technology exploring a renewable and worldwide available resource. Within the present thesis component development like a new thermal storage thermocline tank design or having latent heat storage capability are technological developments that have been pursued and analyzed on a system perspective basis, focusing on reducing the LCOE value of a commercial STE plant using TRNSYS software. Material research with molten salts mixtures and cement based materials has been performed at lab scale. A fully validation should occur through a 13 partners pan-European H2020 project called NEWSOL which has been developed supported on the laboratory data obtained. Moreover, incorporation of local available material, “modern slag” from an old mine of Alentejo region, was also studied. The material could be used as an aggregate incorporated into calcium aluminate cement (CAC) or as filler. This would help to solve a local environmental complex problem related to soil, air and water pollution due to heavy metals and mining activity in Mina de São Domingos, Southeast of Portugal. The integration of these results underlies a broad energy transition model, a proposal is presented in this thesis, with the aim to foster development towards a sustainable usage of resources and promote clean technologies especially in the energy sector. This model can be locally adapted depending on the pattern of existing industries. The goal is to achieve a smooth transition into a clean tech energy society in line with the target of achieving zero emissions for 2050; Optimização Energética de uma Central de Concentração Solar com Armazenamento de Energia Resumo: Um dos problemas mais relevantes a resolver a uma escala planetária é o acesso, com um custo moderado, a fontes limpas de energia considerando que as emissões equivalentes de CO2 derão ser reduzidas drasticamente. Alguns autores ambicionam mesmo um objetivo de zero emissões em 2050. As energias renováveis irão desempenhar um papel preponderante nesta transição energética, sendo que a energia solar com armazenamento é uma tecnologia promissora que aproveita um recurso renovável e disponível em boa parte do Planeta. Na presente tese foi realizado o desenvolvimento de componentes nomeadamente o design que um novo tanque do tipo termocline, ou de novos elementos recorrendo ao calor latente, desenvolvimentos tecnológicos que foram analizados de uma perspectiva de sistema, dando o enfoque na redução do custo nivelado da electricidade (LCOE) para uma planta Termosolar usando o software TRNSYS. Foi também realizada investigação em laboratório ao nível dos materiais com várias misturas de sais fundidos inclusivé em contacto directo com materiais de base cimenticia. Uma validação completa deverá ocorrer no projeto NEWSOL do programa H2020 que reúne um consórcio de 13 parceiros europeus e que foi preparado e submetido tendo por base os resultados laboratoriais obtidos. Adicionalmente, incorporação de material disponível (escória de minério) de uma mina abandonada da região do Alentejo foi outro dos aspectos estudados. Verificou-se que este material poderá ser utilizado como agregado num ligante do tipo cimento de aluminato de cálcio (CAC) ou como “filler”. Este re-aproveitamento resolveria um problema ambiental complexo derivado do elevado conteúdo de metais pesados resultantes da actividade de mineração e que actualamente provocam poluição do solo, água e ar na área da Mina de São Domingos, Sudeste de Portugal. Estes progressos deverão ser integrados num modelo de transição energética mais amplo. Na presente tese, uma proposta concreta é apresentada, com o objectivo de incentivar o desenvolvimento na direção de uma utilização sustentável dos recursos e a promoção de tecnologias limpas nomeadamente no sector da energia. Este modelo poderá ser adaptado localmente dependendo do padrão de indústrias existente. O objectivo é atingir uma transição suave para uma sociedade de energias limpas em linha com o objectivo de atingir zero emissões de CO2 equivalente em 2050.
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Prinsloo, Gerhardus Johannes. "Automatic positioner and control system for a motorized parabolic solar reflector." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96137.

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Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Most rural African villages enjoy high levels of sunlight, but rolling out solar power generation technology to tap into this renewable energy resource at remote rural sites in Africa pose a number of design challenges. To meet these challenges, a project has been initiated to design, build and test/evaluate a knock down 3 kW peak electrical stand-alone self-tracking dual-axis concentrating solar power system. This study focusses on the mechatronic engineering aspects in the design and development of a dynamic mechatronic platform and digital electronic control system for the stand-alone concentrating solar power system. Design specifications require an accurate automatic positioner and control system for a motorized parabolic solar reflector with an optical solar harnessing capacity of 12 kWt at solar noon. It must be suitable for stand-alone rural power generation. This study presents a conceptual design and engineering prototype of a balanced cantilever tilt-and-swing dual-axis slew drive actuation means as mechatronic solar tracking mobility platform for a ∼12 m2 lightweight parabolic solar concentrator. Digital automation of the concentrated solar platform is implemented using an industrial Siemens S7-1200 programmable logic controller (PLC) with digital remote control interfacing, pulse width modulated direct current driving, and electronic open loop/closed loop solar tracking control. The design and prototype incorporates off-the-shelf components to support local manufacturing at reduced cost and generally meets the goal of delivering a dynamic mechatronic platform for a concentrating solar power system that is easy to transport, assemble and install at remote rural sites in Africa. Real-time experiments, conducted in the summer of South Africa, validated and established the accuracy of the engineering prototype positioning system. It shows that the as-designed and -built continuous solar tracking performs to an optical accuracy of better than 1.0◦ on both the azimuth and elevation tracking axes; and which is also in compliance with the pre-defined design specifications. Structural aspects of the prototype parabolic dish are evaluated and optimized by other researchers while the Stirling and power handling units are under development in parallel projects. Ultimately, these joint research projects aim to produce a locally manufactured knock down do-it-yourself concentrated solar power generation kit, suitable for deployment into Africa.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Landelike gebiede in Afrika geniet hoë vlakke van sonskyn, maar die ontwerp van betroubare sonkrag tegnologie vir die benutting van hierdie hernubare energie hulpbron by afgeleë gebiede in Afrika bied verskeie uitdagings. Om hierdie uitdagings te oorkom, is ’n projek van stapel gestuur om ’n afbreekbare 3 kW piek elektriese alleenstaande selfaangedrewe dubbel-as son-konsentreeder te ontwerp, bou en te toets. Hierdie studies fokus op die megatroniese ingenieurs-aspekte in die ontwerp en ontwikkeling van ’n dinamiese megatroniese platform en ’n digitale elektroniese beheerstelsel vir die alleenstaande gekonsentreerde sonkrag stelsel. Ontwerp spesifikasies vereis ’n akkurate outomatiese posisionering en beheer stelsel vir ’n motor aangedrewe paraboliese son reflekteerder met ’n optiesekollekteer- kapasiteit van 12 kWt by maksimum sonhoogte, en veral geskik wees vir afgeleë sonkrag opwekking. Hierdie studie lewer ’n konsepsuele ontwerp en ingenieurs-prototipe van ’n gebalanseerde dubbelas swaai-en-kantel swenkrat aandrywingsmeganisme as megatroniese sonvolg platform vir ’n ∼12 m2 liggewig paraboliese son konsentreerder. Digitale outomatisering van die son konsentreerder platform is geimplementeer op ’n industriële Siemens S7-1200 programmeerbare logiese beheerder (PLB) met ’n digitale afstandbeheer koppelvlak, puls-wydte-gemoduleerde gelykstroom aandrywing en elektroniese ooplus en geslote-lus sonvolg beheer. Die ontwerp en prototipe maak gebruik van beskikbare komponente om lae-koste plaaslike vervaardiging te ondersteun en slaag in die algemeen in die doel om ’n dinamiese megatroniese platform vir ’n gekonsentreerde sonkrag stelsel te lewer wat maklik vervoer, gebou en opgerig kan word op afgeleë persele in Afrika. Intydse eksperimente is gedurende die somer uitgevoer om die akkuraatheid van die prototipe posisionering sisteem te evalueer. Dit toon dat die sisteem die son deurlopend volg met ’n akkuraatheid beter as 1.0◦ op beide die azimut en elevasie sonvolg asse, wat voldoen aan die ontwerp spesifikasies. Strukturele aspekte van die prototipe paraboliese skottel word deur ander navorsers geëvalueer en verbeter terwyl die Stirling-eenheid en elektriese sisteme in parallelle projekte ontwikkel word. Die uiteindelike doel met hierdie groepnavorsing is om ’n plaaslik vervaardigde doen-dit-self sonkrag eenheid te ontwikkel wat in Afrika ontplooi kan word.
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Desai, Ranjit. "Thermo-Economic Analysis of a Solar Thermal Power Plant with a Central Tower Receiver for Direct Steam Generation." Thesis, KTH, Kraft- och värmeteknologi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-131764.

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Books on the topic "Concentrated solar power plants"

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Winter, C. J., Rudolf L. Sizmann, and Lorin L. Vant-Hull, eds. Solar Power Plants. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61245-9.

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Casal, Federico G. Solar Thermal Power Plants. Edited by Paul Kesselring and Carl-Jochen Winter. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-52281-9.

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Precup, Radu-Emil, Tariq Kamal, and Syed Zulqadar Hassan, eds. Solar Photovoltaic Power Plants. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6151-7.

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Benduhn, Tea. Solar power. Pleasantville, NY: Weekly Reader Books, 2009.

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Gretz, J., A. Strub, and W. Palz, eds. Thermo-Mechanical Solar Power Plants. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5402-1.

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Palenzuela, Patricia, Diego-César Alarcón-Padilla, and Guillermo Zaragoza. Concentrating Solar Power and Desalination Plants. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20535-9.

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Islam, Md Rabiul, Faz Rahman, and Wei Xu, eds. Advances in Solar Photovoltaic Power Plants. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-50521-2.

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Camacho, Eduardo F. Advanced Control of Solar Plants. London: Springer London, 1997.

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Camacho, E. F. Advanced control of solar plants. Berlin: Springer, 1997.

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Wind and solar power systems. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Concentrated solar power plants"

1

Vant-Hull, L. L. "Concentrator Optics." In Solar Power Plants, 84–133. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61245-9_3.

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Boretti, Albert. "Concentrated Solar Power Plants Capacity Factors: A Review." In Nonlinear Approaches in Engineering Applications, 41–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69480-1_2.

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Jemili, A., S. Ferchichi, E. Znouda, and C. Bouden. "Hybrid concentrated solar power plant and biomass power plant." In Innovative and Intelligent Technology-Based Services for Smart Environments – Smart Sensing and Artificial Intelligence, 189–95. London: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003181545-27.

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Pérez, Jesús María Pinar, Fausto Pedro García Márquez, and Mayorkinos Papaelias. "Techno-Economical Advances for Maintenance Management of Concentrated Solar Power Plants." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 967–79. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1837-4_81.

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Deo, Pankaj. "Integration of Concentrated Solar Power Plant and Coal-Fired Power Plants for Block Size of 100 MW." In Renewable Energy in the Service of Mankind Vol II, 731–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18215-5_66.

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Sangster, Alan J. "Concentrated Solar Power." In Electromagnetic Foundations of Solar Radiation Collection, 173–206. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08512-8_8.

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Guerrero-Lemus, Ricardo, and José Manuel Martínez-Duart. "Concentrated Solar Power." In Lecture Notes in Energy, 135–51. London: Springer London, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4385-7_7.

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A. Kim, Katherine, Konstantina Mentesidi, and Yongheng Yang. "Solar Power Sources: PV, Concentrated PV, and Concentrated Solar Power." In Renewable Energy Devices and Systems with Simulations in MATLAB® and ANSYS®, 17–40. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, a CRC title, part of the Taylor & Francis imprint, a member of the Taylor & Francis Group, the academic division of T&F Informa, plc, [2017]: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315367392-2.

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Ginley, David, R. Aswathi, S. R. Atchuta, Bikramjiit Basu, Saptarshi Basu, Joshua M. Christian, Atasi Dan, et al. "Multiscale Concentrated Solar Power." In Lecture Notes in Energy, 87–132. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33184-9_3.

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Krothapalli, Anjaneyulu, and Brenton Greska. "Concentrated Solar Thermal Power." In Handbook of Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation, 1–27. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6431-0_33-2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Concentrated solar power plants"

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Escobar, Rodrigo, and Teresita Larrain. "Net Energy for Concentrated Solar Power in Chile." In ASME 2008 2nd International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the Heat Transfer, Fluids Engineering, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2008-54130.

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The Chilean Energy Policy calls for 15 percent of new power generation capacity to come from renewable energy sources from 2006 to 2010, and then a 5% of electric energy generated from renewable energy sources with gradual increases in order to reach 10% by 2024. Neither the government nor the power generation sector plans mention solar energy to be part of the renewable energy initiative. Part of this apparent lack of interest in solar energy might be due to the absence of a valid solar energy database, adequate for energy system planning activities. Monthly means of solar radiation are used in order to estimate the solar fraction for a 100 MW plant for four given locations. Our analysis considers two cases: operation during sunlight hours, and continuous operation during 24 hours a day. A net energy analysis for concentrated solar power (CSP) plants in Chile is then performed, considering the energy costs of manufacturing, transport, installation, operation and decommissioning. The results indicate that the CSP plants are a net energy source in three of the four locations, when operating in sunlight-only mode. This is due to the lower radiation levels available at that location, which implies a high fossil fuel back-up fraction. In the continuous operation mode, the CSP plants become fossil fuel plants with solar assistance, and therefore all locations display negative net energy. Based on this result, the back-up fraction required for the plants to be net energy sources is estimated from the EROEI as function of the back-up fraction. It is estimated that the net energy analysis is a useful tool for determining under which conditions a CSP plant becomes a net energy source, and thus can be utilized in order to define geographical locations and operation conditions where they can be considered renewable energy sources.
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Cao, Yiding. "Heat Pipe Solar Receivers for Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) Plants." In ASME 2013 7th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2013 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2013 11th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2013-18299.

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This paper introduces separate-type heat pipe (STHP) based solar receiver systems that enable more efficient operation of concentrated solar power plants without relying on a heat transfer fluid. The solar receiver system may consist of a number of STHP modules that receive concentrated solar flux from a solar collector system, spread the high concentrated solar flux to a low heat flux level, and effectively transfer the received heat to the working fluid of a heat engine to enable a higher working temperature and higher plant efficiency. In general, the introduced STHP solar receiver has characteristics of high heat transfer capacity, high heat transfer coefficient in the evaporator to handle a high concentrated solar flux, non-condensable gas release mechanism, and lower costs. The STHP receiver in a solar plant may also integrate the hot/cold tank based thermal energy storage system without using a heat transfer fluid.
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Escobar, Rodrigo, and Teresita Larrai´n. "Net Energy Analysis for Concentrated Solar Power Plants in Chile." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-67481.

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The Chilean Energy Policy calls for 15 percent of new power generation capacity to come from renewable energy sources from 2006 to 2010, and then a 5% of electric energy generated from renewable energy sources with gradual increases in order to reach 10% by 2024. Concentrated solar power is an interesting alternative to help achieving those objectives, as it is estimated that northern Chile has high radiation levels, coupled with high values of the local clearness index and availability of flat terrain. The present report investigates the net energy attributes of parabolic trough plants installed in the Atacama Desert. Monthly means of solar radiation are used in order to estimate the solar fraction for a 100 MW plant at three different locations. Our analysis considers three cases: operation during sunlight hours only, with and without fossil fuel back-up, and continuous operation during 24 hours a day. The net energy analysis for concentrated solar power (CSP) plants is then performed, considering the energy costs of manufacturing, transport, installation, operation and decommissioning. The results indicate that the CSP plants are a net energy source when operating in sunlight-only mode and that the energy payback time is a linear function of the total operation time when utilizing fossil fuel back-up. In the continuous operation mode, the CSP plants become fossil fuel plants with solar assistance, and therefore all locations display negative net energy. Based on this result, the back-up fraction required for the plants to be net energy sources is estimated from the EROEI as function of the back-up fraction. It is estimated that the net energy analysis is a useful tool for determining under which conditions a CSP plant becomes a net energy source, and thus can be utilized in order to define geographical locations and operation conditions where they can be considered renewable energy sources.
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Dallyn, Paul, Ashraf El-Hamalawi, and Alessandro Palmeri. "Cost-Effective Parabolic Trough Foundations for Concentrated Solar Power Plants." In International Conference on Engineering, Project, and Production Management. Association of Engineering, Project, and Production Management, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32738/ceppm.201209.0022.

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Cipollone, Roberto, and Andrea Cinocca. "Integration Between Gas Turbines and Concentrated Parabolic Trough Solar Power Plants." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-85874.

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Parabolic Trough Concentrating Solar Power plants (PT-CSP) technology has the capability to give, in the mean future, a strong contribution to the electrical energy generation. In the long term, inside a new framework of relationships concerning energy production, many aspects would justify a significant contribution to the phase out of fossil sources use. The paper concerns about a theoretical modeling aimed at improving the performances of CSP which approaches the energy generation from a system point of view. Thanks to it, the attention is focused on the use of gases as heat transfer fluid inside the solar receivers and on the possibility to use it as working fluid inside unconventional gas turbines for a direct electricity generation. The success of this concept is related to the possibility to increase the fluid temperature above the actual maximum values: this requires that the receiver efficiency has to be recalculated as a function of the fluid temperature. An innovative integration between the solar field and the gas turbine power plant, modified in order to maximize thermal energy conversion, is discussed.
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Guerreiro, Luis, and Manuel Collares-Pereira. "New materials for thermal energy storage in concentrated solar power plants." In SOLARPACES 2015: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems. Author(s), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4949116.

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Grosu, Yaroslav, Udayashankar Nithiyanantham, Mikel Gonzalez, Luis González-Fernández, Abdelali Zaki, and Abdessamad Faik. "Spray-graphitization against molten salts corrosion for concentrated solar power plants." In SOLARPACES 2019: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems. AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0028762.

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Han, Wei, Hongguang Jin, Rumou Lin, Yalong Wang, and Jianfeng Su. "A Novel Concentrated Solar Power System Hybrid Trough and Tower Collectors." In ASME Turbo Expo 2012: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2012-68991.

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Global warming, fossil fuel shortage, and environment pollution are a growing concern on concentrated solar power (CSP) because of the largest amount of energy resource. Parabolic troughs and power towers are state-of-the-art commercial technologies. The primary drawbacks of current CSP technologies are low thermal efficiency and high investment cost. In the current study, a novel CSP system is proposed. This system integrates a solar parabolic trough power system and a solar tower power system. In this hybrid system the tower collectors with high concentration ratio generate high-temperature heat at 574 °C, and the trough collectors with a relative low concentration ratio generate mid-temperature heat at 390 °C. The mid-temperature heat from trough collectors generates steam up to 370 °C. The steam is then superheated and reheated by the high-temperature heat generated by the tower collectors. Compared with an individual solar trough plant, the temperatures of the primary and reheated steam are increased from individual trough plant’s 370 °C in the individual trough plant to 535 °C in the hybrid system, thus increasing the conversion efficiency from heat to power. Based on the simulation results, the annual thermal efficiency of the hybrid system can reach 15.84%, higher by 1.77 and 2.29 percentage points compared with those of the individual solar trough and tower plants. The electricity generation cost of the new system can be decreased by 7.5% to 12.4% compared with that of the individual trough or tower plants. The results obtained in the present study provide a new approach for utilizing solar energy more efficiently and more economically.
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Andrade Rodrigues, Fernando, and Marcelo De Lemos. "ANALYSIS OF THERMOCLINE STORAGE TANK CONFIGURATIONS FOR CONCENTRATED SOLAR POWER PLANTS." In Brazilian Congress of Thermal Sciences and Engineering. ABCM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.26678/abcm.encit2018.cit18-0772.

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Allan Ricardo Starke, José Miguel Cardemil, Leonardo Lacerda Lemos, Rodrigo Escobar, Rafaela Frota Reinaldo, and Sergio Colle. "A methodology for simulation and assessment of Concentrated Solar Power plants." In 23rd ABCM International Congress of Mechanical Engineering. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: ABCM Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.20906/cps/cob-2015-1739.

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Reports on the topic "Concentrated solar power plants"

1

Ehrhart, Brian, and David Gill. Evaluation of annual efficiencies of high temperature central receiver concentrated solar power plants with thermal energy storage. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1090218.

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Chen, Gang, and Zhifeng Ren. Concentrated Solar Thermoelectric Power. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1191490.

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PROJECT STAFF. THERMOCHEMICAL HEAT STORAGE FOR CONCENTRATED SOLAR POWER. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1039304.

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Mazumder, Malay K., Mark N. Horenstein, and Nitin R. Joglekar. Prototype Development and Evaluation of Self-Cleaning Concentrated Solar Power Collectors. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1351259.

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Wong, Bunsen. Sulfur Based Thermochemical Heat Storage for Baseload Concentrated Solar Power Generation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1165341.

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Santa Lucia, C. Evaluation of Ceramic Heat Exchanger for Next-Generation Concentrated Solar Power. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1734612.

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Madaeni, S. H., R. Sioshansi, and P. Denholm. Capacity Value of Concentrating Solar Power Plants. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1018079.

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Townley, David, and Paul Gee. Combined Heat & Power Using the Infinia Concentrated Solar CHP PowerDish System. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada607481.

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Turchi, C., N. Langle, R. Bedilion, and C. Libby. Solar-Augment Potential of U.S. Fossil-Fired Power Plants. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1006246.

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Kumar, Vinod. Computational Analysis of Nanoparticles-Molten Salt Thermal Energy Storage for Concentrated Solar Power Systems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1355304.

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