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Kusuma, Riska Anggri, Linda Suyati, and Wasino Hadi Rahmanto. "Effect of Lactose Concentration as Lactobacillus bulgaricus Substrate on Potential Cells Produced in Microbial Fuel Cell Systems." Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi 21, no. 3 (2018): 144–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jksa.21.3.144-148.
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The effect of laxose concentration as Lactobacillus bulgaricus bacterial substrate on the cell potential produced in Microbial Fuel Cell System has been done. This study aims to determine the effect of lactose concentration as bacterial substrate, to generate electricity, maximum electric potential and determine the potential value of standard lactose (E ° Lactose.) Based on Nernst equation. The MFC system of two compartments and bridges of salt as a linkage is used in this study. Anode contains lactose with variation of concentration 3 - 7% and bacteria. The cathode contains a 1M KMO4. The electrodes used are graphite. MFC operational time is 14 days. The results showed that the lactose concentration had an effect on the cell potential produced in the MFC system. Maximum cell potential yielded at 4% lactose concentration, that is 710 mV then based on Nerst equation theory obtained E ° Lactose value in MFC system of + 0,236 V.
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Kisitu, Jaffar. "Chemical concentrations in cell culture compartments (C5) – concentration definitions." ALTEX 36, no. 1 (2019): 154–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.14573/altex.1901031.
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Z, Ding. "Concentration Polarization of Ox-LDL and Its Effect on Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis in Human Endothelial Cells." Journal of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine 1, no. 1 (2016): 011–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.29328/journal.jccm.1001003.
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Tong, Xiwen, Xiaojian Zhu, Su Shuai, et al. "Impact of Selinexor on AML Cell Lines and Healthy Donor T Cell Function: Enhanced Treg Cell Proportion." Blood 144, Supplement 1 (2024): 5817. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2024-205174.
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Introduction: Selinexor is an oral, first-in-class selective inhibitor of nuclear export (SINE), specifically blocking XPO1. Selinexor has shown promising results in maintenance therapy for post-transplant AML and MDS . However, its specific impact on T cell function in post-transplant patients remains unclear. Therefore, this study conducted a series of investigations into the effects of selinexor on T cell function. Methods: Effects of selinexor on proliferation and apoptosis of four types of AML cells and FLT3-mutant AML cells detected by CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry. The cytotoxicity, exhaustion, degranulation, cytokine secretion, and phenotype of T cells pretreated with selinexor were detected by flow cytometry. The effects of selinexor on the gene expression profile of T cells were analyzed by RNA-seq. Results: Selinexor has different IC50 on four kinds of AML cell lines. The IC50 of selinexor was 32.0 nM in SKM-1, 26.0 nM in THP-1, 16.0 nM in Kasumi-1, and 33.0 nM in MV4-11 after 48 hours. As the selinexor concentration increased, the cell survival rate decreased, and proliferation was inhibited. As the duration of selinexor prolonged, the cell survival rate decreased. At the same drug concentration, the proportion of cell apoptosis significantly increases with longer treatment times. After 72 hours of drug treatment, the proportion of cell apoptosis significantly increases with higher drug concentrations. The IC50 of selinexor was 522.7 nM in FLT3-mutant SKM-1 after 48 hours. Selinexor inhibits FLT3-mutant SKM-1 cell line proliferation with a pronounced concentration gradient effect. As for the apoptosis of FLT3-mutant SKM-1, at the same drug concentration, the apoptosis proportion increases with longer treatment times. At the same treatment duration (72 hours), apoptosis proportion increases with higher drug concentrations. At the same treatment duration (72 hours), selinexor exhibits a significantly stronger pro-apoptotic effect on FLT3-mutant SKM-1 cells compared to wild-type SKM-1 cells at different drug concentrations. The IC50 of selinexor was 179.0 nM in human T cells after 48 hours. As the selinexor concentration increased, proliferation was inhibited. Selinexor affects apoptosis in T cells, with increasing drug concentration resulting in a higher proportion of T cells apoptosis. Similarly, at constant drug concentrations, prolonging the duration of selinexor also leads to a gradual increase in T cell apoptosis. After treatment with high concentrations of selinexor (250 nM, 1 μM), for 72 hours, there was a significant increase in the proportion of Treg cells compared to untreated T cells (P＜0.05). At the same drug concentration, as the effector-to-target (E: T) ratio increases, the cytotoxicity of T cells against target cells gradually increases, but without statistical significance (P＞0.05). At the same E: T ratio (10:1), T cells treated with high concentrations of the drug (2.5 μM, 5 μM, 10 μM) exhibited a significant decrease in their ability to induce apoptosis in target cells compared to the control group and there was no significant difference observed in cytotoxicity(P＜0.05). At the same drug concentration, increasing the duration of selinexor treatment resulted in a slight increase in T cell degranulation (CD107a) levels, although the difference was not statistically significant (P＞0.05). There were no significant differences in exhaustion markers (PD-1, Tim3, Lag-3) among T cells treated with different concentrations of selinexor for varying durations. Furthermore, when co-cultured with SKM-1 target cells, T cells treated with selinexor did not show significant differences in secretion of cytokines such as IL-2, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 compared to the control group (P > 0.05). GO database enrichment analysis revealed that upregulated differentially expressed genes are predominantly enriched in categories such as negative regulation of lymphocyte activation, negative regulation of T cell activation, and negative regulation of the immune system process. This provides a mechanistic basis for the observed phenomenon of selinexor promoting an increase in Treg cell proportion in T cells. Conclusion: Selinexor inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis in AML cell lines. It also partially inhibits T cell proliferation, promotes apoptosis, and significantly increases the proportion of Treg cells.
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Kiuchi, Tai, Tomoaki Nagai, Kazumasa Ohashi, and Kensaku Mizuno. "Measurements of spatiotemporal changes in G-actin concentration reveal its effect on stimulus-induced actin assembly and lamellipodium extension." Journal of Cell Biology 193, no. 2 (2011): 365–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201101035.
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To understand the intracellular role of G-actin concentration in stimulus-induced actin assembly and lamellipodium extension during cell migration, we developed a novel technique for quantifying spatiotemporal changes in G-actin concentration in live cells, consisting of sequential measurements of fluorescent decay after photoactivation (FDAP) of Dronpa-labeled actin. Cytoplasmic G-actin concentrations decreased by ∼40% immediately after cell stimulation and thereafter the cell area extended. The extent of stimulus-induced G-actin loss and cell extension correlated linearly with G-actin concentration in unstimulated cells, even at concentrations much higher than the critical concentration of actin filaments, indicating that cytoplasmic G-actin concentration is a critical parameter for determining the extent of stimulus-induced G-actin assembly and cell extension. Multipoint FDAP analysis revealed that G-actin concentration in lamellipodia was comparable to that in the cell body. We also assessed the cellular concentrations of free G-actin, profilin- and thymosin-β4–bound G-actin, and free barbed and pointed ends of actin filaments by model fitting of jasplakinolide-induced temporal changes in G-actin concentration.
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Jia, Chen, Abhyudai Singh, and Ramon Grima. "Concentration fluctuations in growing and dividing cells: Insights into the emergence of concentration homeostasis." PLOS Computational Biology 18, no. 10 (2022): e1010574. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010574.
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Intracellular reaction rates depend on concentrations and hence their levels are often regulated. However classical models of stochastic gene expression lack a cell size description and cannot be used to predict noise in concentrations. Here, we construct a model of gene product dynamics that includes a description of cell growth, cell division, size-dependent gene expression, gene dosage compensation, and size control mechanisms that can vary with the cell cycle phase. We obtain expressions for the approximate distributions and power spectra of concentration fluctuations which lead to insight into the emergence of concentration homeostasis. We find that (i) the conditions necessary to suppress cell division-induced concentration oscillations are difficult to achieve; (ii) mRNA concentration and number distributions can have different number of modes; (iii) two-layer size control strategies such as sizer-timer or adder-timer are ideal because they maintain constant mean concentrations whilst minimising concentration noise; (iv) accurate concentration homeostasis requires a fine tuning of dosage compensation, replication timing, and size-dependent gene expression; (v) deviations from perfect concentration homeostasis show up as deviations of the concentration distribution from a gamma distribution. Some of these predictions are confirmed using data for E. coli, fission yeast, and budding yeast.
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Trifilio, Steven M., Paul R. Yarnold, Marc H. Scheetz, Judy Pi, Gennethel Pennick, and Jayesh Mehta. "Serial Plasma Voriconazole Concentrations after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 53, no. 5 (2009): 1793–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01316-08.
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ABSTRACT Plasma voriconazole concentrations vary considerably between patients receiving standard dosing, and trough voriconazole concentrations are known to affect efficacy and toxicity. Temporal variations in serial plasma voriconazole concentrations through the course of therapy in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients has not been carefully described. Paired voriconazole concentrations in 64 patients were studied to determine the predictability of the second concentration based on the first. The difference between the two values was ≤5% in six patients. In 25 patients, the second concentration was higher by a median of 40%. In 33 patients, the subsequent concentration was lower by a median of 59%. For patients with an initial concentration of <2 μg/ml, the correlation between the two values was poor (r = 0.24; P < 0.17). For those with an initial concentration of ≥2 μg/ml, the correlation was good (r = 0.72; P < 0.0001). There was no relationship between the magnitude of the change and the time elapsing between the two measurements. Among the 43 patients who had an initial concentration of ≥1 μg/ml, the two voriconazole measurements were strongly correlated (r = 0.66, P < 0.0001), but only 67% had a voriconazole serum concentration of ≥1 μg/ml on the second measurement. No studied variables were reliable predictors in identifying concentrations above or below 1 or 2 μg/ml. Our data suggest that variations in voriconazole concentrations are unpredictable despite standard dosing, and the acceptability of a concentration on one occasion cannot be extrapolated to future concentrations in the same patient. This suggests that ongoing therapeutic drug monitoring and dose adjustment may be beneficial in patients requiring prolonged voriconazole therapy.
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Rowley, SD, WI Bensinger, TA Gooley, and CD Buckner. "Effect of cell concentration on bone marrow and peripheral blood stem cell cryopreservation." Blood 83, no. 9 (1994): 2731–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v83.9.2731.2731.
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Abstract The effects of cell concentration during cryopreservation on bone marrow (BM) or peripheral blood (PB)-derived hematopoietic progenitor cells have not been described. The much greater numbers of cells harvested for autologous PB stem cell (PBSC) transplantation requires that the cells be frozen at higher cell concentrations, or in much greater volumes, compared with BM. We cryopreserved 108 PBSC collections from 30 patients at an average (+/- SD) cell concentration of 3.7 +/- 1.9 x 10(8) nucleated cells per mL in 127 +/- 45 mL. The proportion of mononuclear cells was 52.9% +/- 27.2%. The products also contained 2.9 +/- 2.1 x 10(9) platelets/mL and an average red cell proportion of 12.9% +/- 7.2%. The nucleated cell recovery after thawing was 75.4% +/- 13.0%. The nucleated cell concentration during freezing was not predictive for the postthaw recoveries of nucleated cells (P = .38), granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming unit (P = .06) or CD34+ cells (P = .54), or for the viability of mononuclear cells (P = .81). The platelet and red cell concentrations similarly were not predictive for these endpoints. Samples (3 BM, 7 PBSC) from 10 patients were simultaneously cryopreserved at two-fold, and from 5 additional patients (PBSC) at 6- to 24-fold differing cell concentrations. A lower recovery of erythroid burst forming unit was found for samples frozen at higher cell concentrations (P = .04), but no significant differences were found in the other endpoints listed above. The average cell concentration during freezing for each patient's PBSC collections (n = 34 patients) did not predict time to achieve a PB count of > 500 granulocytes/microL (P = .51) or platelet transfusion independence (P = .39). Patients achieved these endpoints of engraftment at medians of 12 and 13 days, respectively. The infusion of these products was generally well tolerated. Similarly, the cell concentration at which BM cells were frozen did not predict for the duration of granulocyte (P = .63) or platelet (P = .36) aplasias for 54 patients undergoing autologous BM transplantation. These data suggest that PBSC or BM cells collected for transplantation may be cryopreserved at very high cell concentrations without loss of engraftment potential or undue infusion-related toxicity.
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Rowley, SD, WI Bensinger, TA Gooley, and CD Buckner. "Effect of cell concentration on bone marrow and peripheral blood stem cell cryopreservation." Blood 83, no. 9 (1994): 2731–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v83.9.2731.bloodjournal8392731.
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The effects of cell concentration during cryopreservation on bone marrow (BM) or peripheral blood (PB)-derived hematopoietic progenitor cells have not been described. The much greater numbers of cells harvested for autologous PB stem cell (PBSC) transplantation requires that the cells be frozen at higher cell concentrations, or in much greater volumes, compared with BM. We cryopreserved 108 PBSC collections from 30 patients at an average (+/- SD) cell concentration of 3.7 +/- 1.9 x 10(8) nucleated cells per mL in 127 +/- 45 mL. The proportion of mononuclear cells was 52.9% +/- 27.2%. The products also contained 2.9 +/- 2.1 x 10(9) platelets/mL and an average red cell proportion of 12.9% +/- 7.2%. The nucleated cell recovery after thawing was 75.4% +/- 13.0%. The nucleated cell concentration during freezing was not predictive for the postthaw recoveries of nucleated cells (P = .38), granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming unit (P = .06) or CD34+ cells (P = .54), or for the viability of mononuclear cells (P = .81). The platelet and red cell concentrations similarly were not predictive for these endpoints. Samples (3 BM, 7 PBSC) from 10 patients were simultaneously cryopreserved at two-fold, and from 5 additional patients (PBSC) at 6- to 24-fold differing cell concentrations. A lower recovery of erythroid burst forming unit was found for samples frozen at higher cell concentrations (P = .04), but no significant differences were found in the other endpoints listed above. The average cell concentration during freezing for each patient's PBSC collections (n = 34 patients) did not predict time to achieve a PB count of > 500 granulocytes/microL (P = .51) or platelet transfusion independence (P = .39). Patients achieved these endpoints of engraftment at medians of 12 and 13 days, respectively. The infusion of these products was generally well tolerated. Similarly, the cell concentration at which BM cells were frozen did not predict for the duration of granulocyte (P = .63) or platelet (P = .36) aplasias for 54 patients undergoing autologous BM transplantation. These data suggest that PBSC or BM cells collected for transplantation may be cryopreserved at very high cell concentrations without loss of engraftment potential or undue infusion-related toxicity.
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Kočí, Vladimír, Darek Dragoun, and Jaromír Lukavský. "Determination of algal cell culture (Desmodesmus subspicatus) concentration using a microplate reader." Algological Studies/Archiv für Hydrobiologie, Supplement Volumes 122 (December 1, 2006): 123–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/1864-1318/2006/0122-0123.
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Salmman, Israa Sekar. "Effect crude aquatic extract of leaves Ocimum basilicum on caner and normal cell lines in vitro." Journal of Biotechnology Research Center 7, no. 1 (2013): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.24126/jobrc.2013.7.1.233.
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Leaves of Ocimum basilicum were extracted with distilled water to prepare aquatic crude extract, five concentration from this extract (1000, 500, 250, 125, 62.5)µg/ml were used to study the effect of extract on cancer cell lines(Larynex carcinoma hep-2, cervix carcinoma Hela and mammary gland adenocarcinoma AMN-3) and the time exposure 24 and 48 hours as well as the effect of aquous extract on normal cell line for embryonic mice fibroblast(MEF) was studied in vitro at 48hrs. exposure. The result showed that aqueous crude extract of Ocimum basilicum leaves has different effects on cancer cell lines with significante p<0.05 the high concentration 1000 µg/ml has more inhibitory effect on cancer cell line Hep-2 compared with low concentration at 24and 48 hrs.while the Hela cancer cell line has hormetic effect which recognized by contrast in low concentration inhibitory effect as compared with high concentration at 24 and 48 hr.that low ones inhibit cell proliferation while in high ones cell proliferation continue, but AMN-3 cancer cell line more affected by low concentrations from high concentrations. Normal cell line show no significant effect for all concentrations used of aquatic crude extract of Ocimum basilicum leaf except 62.5 µg/ml with high cell inhibition 16%.
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Gülden, M., S. Mörchel, and H. Seibert. "Factors influencing nominal effective concentrations of chemical compounds in vitro: cell concentration." Toxicology in Vitro 15, no. 3 (2001): 233–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0887-2333(01)00008-x.
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Feng, Zhenyu, Chao Chen, Zhenyu Ye, et al. "The Effect of Icariin on Human Hepatoellular Carcinomas Cell Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest." Journal of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering 11, no. 12 (2021): 2389–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbt.2021.2814.
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Background: Natural products often have novel frameworks and unique mechanisms, It is an important way to develop new anti-tumor drugs.The paper explored the effect of Icariin on HepG2 cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Material and methods: Human liver cancer HepG2 cells were studied. The biological activity of Icariin on HepG2 cells was comprehensively investigated. The mechanism was preliminarily explored from the aspects of proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis. Results: Icariin showed significant inhibitory effect on cell proliferation after administration, and the effect was time-and-concentration-dependent. Annexin V-PI detection showed that, after 48 hours of administration of Icariin at different concentrations, the apoptosis rate of HepG2 cells increased in a concentration-dependent manner. The results of Hoechst 33342 staining showed that, after 48 hours of intervention with Icariin at different concentrations, HepG2 cells appeared densely stained and granular fluorescence, characterizing apoptosis. In the JC-1 mitochondrial membrane potential experiment, Icariin was found to destroy cell mitochondrial membrane potential and induce HepG2 cell apoptosis. After 48 h administration of Icariin at different concentrations, Bcl-2 and survivin proteins were down-regulated, and Bax was up-regulated, both in a concentration-dependent manner. PI single staining combined with flow cytometry to detect cell cycle results showed that, Icariin can induce G2/M phase arrest of HepG2 cells, and is time-and-concentration-dependent. Western Blot detection revealed that Icariin can down-regulate the cycle-related proteins Cyclin B and CDK1 in a concentration-dependent manner, and also significantly down-regulate the expressions of p-AKT, AKT, p-ERK and ERK proteins. Conclusion: Icariin is a selectively potential active compound that can treat liver cancer. The paper provided theoretical basis and experimental support for the clinical application of Icariin in the drug treatment of liver cancer. It is necessary to further study the antitumor effect of Icariin, explore and find the target, and provide higher selectivity for the treatment of liver cancer by Icariin.
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Kempe, Hermannus, Anne Schwabe, Frédéric Crémazy, Pernette J. Verschure, and Frank J. Bruggeman. "The volumes and transcript counts of single cells reveal concentration homeostasis and capture biological noise." Molecular Biology of the Cell 26, no. 4 (2015): 797–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e14-08-1296.
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Transcriptional stochasticity can be measured by counting the number of mRNA molecules per cell. Cell-to-cell variability is best captured in terms of concentration rather than molecule counts, because reaction rates depend on concentrations. We combined single-molecule mRNA counting with single-cell volume measurements to quantify the statistics of both transcript numbers and concentrations in human cells. We compared three cell clones that differ only in the genomic integration site of an identical constitutively expressed reporter gene. The transcript number per cell varied proportionally with cell volume in all three clones, indicating concentration homeostasis. We found that the cell-to-cell variability in the mRNA concentration is almost exclusively due to cell-to-cell variation in gene expression activity, whereas the cell-to-cell variation in mRNA number is larger, due to a significant contribution of cell volume variability. We concluded that the precise relationship between transcript number and cell volume sets the biological stochasticity of living cells. This study highlights the importance of the quantitative measurement of transcript concentrations in studies of cell-to-cell variability in biology.
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Katsogiannou, EG, PD Katsoulos, C. Ziogas, et al. "Blood cell count and morphology, and vitamin B12 concentration in pre- and post-weaned calves." Veterinární Medicína 66, No. 12 (2021): 513–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/12/2021-vetmed.
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Haematological indicators may resent physiological variation by age. Vitamin B12 promotes haematopoiesis. The aims of this study were: 1) to compare the values of the haematological variables and the concentration of vitamin B12 in pre- or post-weaned veal calves and 2) to identify the possible association between the values of the haematological variables and the concentration of B12 in the blood of veal calves. Blood was collected on the same day from 31 pre-weaned and 31 weaned calves of the Limousine breed from the same farm. The complete blood count, including the blood cell morphology evaluation, was performed and the serum B12, total protein and albumin concentrations were determined. The serum concentration of vitamin B12, the haematocrit (HCT), the haemoglobin concentration (HGB), the platelet count and the lymphocyte count were significantly higher in the weaned calves. A very strong positive correlation was found between the concentration of the vitamin B12 and HCT and HGB before weaning, while these correlations were moderately positive following weaning and in the total population tested as well. The observed variation in the blood cell count and morphology, such as poikilocytosis and the presence of macrocytes and hypersegmented neutrophils, along with the age of the animal seem to be related to the vitamin B12 concentration.
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Nagarad Dasavandi Krishnamurthy, Vinay. "Hydrogen Concentration Sensors in Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles: Design Considerations, Advancements and Challenges." International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 11, no. 2 (2022): 1335–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21275/sr24517162834.
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Liu, Sheng-Long, Lu Yang, Cheng-Jun Zhu, Kai Liu, Wei Han, and Jia-Feng Yao. "A method of identifying cell suspension concentration based on bioimpedance spectroscopy." Acta Physica Sinica 71, no. 7 (2022): 078701. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.71.20211837.
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Based on bioimpedance spectroscopy technology, a method of automatically identifying the cell suspension concentration is proposed. This method combines multiple linear regression algorithm and bioimpedance spectroscopy technology, which can identify the concentration of cell suspension quickly and accurately. Firstly, a strategy of random distribution of cell locations is proposed to simulate the true existence of cells. Secondly, 2400 groups of normal, cancerous and mixed cell models with different concentrations are generated by numerical simulation and their bioimpedance spectroscopy data are calculated.Thirdly, the multiple linear regression algorithm (MLR), support vector machine (SVM), and gradient boosting regression algorithm (GBR) are used to identify the concentration of cancerous cells. The simulation results show that the MLR is the best regression model for cell suspension concentration identification and its average goodness of fit and mean square error are 0.9997 and 0.0008respectively. Finally, the MLR is applied to the identification of red blood cell suspensions with different concentrations, the experimental results show that the average goodness of fit and mean square error are 0.9998 and 0.0079, respectively, indicating that this method has a greater ability to identify cell suspension concentrations.
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Kamath, Meghana, Isaac Houston, Alexander Janovski, et al. "Myeloid Gene Activation and T Cell/Natural Killer Cell Gene Repression in Cells Expressing Two Distinct PU.1 Concentrations." Blood 110, no. 11 (2007): 1242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.1242.1242.
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Abstract The Ets transcription factor PU.1 (encoded by the gene Sfpi1) functions in a concentration-dependent manner as a hematopoietic cell fate determinant. PU.1 levels are uniform in early hematopoiesis, increase during myeloid differentiation, and decrease after erythrocyte and T cell/natural killer cell commitment. It is unknown how downstream target genes respond to changes in PU.1 concentration. To address this, we generated mice with two distinct hypomorphic alleles of Sfpi1 and analyzed interleukin-3 dependent cell lines from fetal liver cells homozygous for either allele. PU.1 was produced in these cells at ∼20% (Sfpi1BN/BN) or ∼2% (Sfpi1Blac/Blac) of wild type. These cells fail to terminally differentiate as a consequence of low PU.1 expression and can be maintained as cell lines. To determine what groups of genes are expressed in response to two distinct PU.1 concentrations, we performed whole-genome microarray analysis and compared gene expression in Sfpi1BN/BN and Sfpi1Blac/Blac cell lines to Sfpi1−/− cell lines. Groups of downstream target genes were activated or repressed in four modes in response to the two discrete concentrations of PU.1: at higher but not lower PU.1 concentration, at lower but not higher PU.1 concentration, at both lower and higher concentration, and in a gradient fashion. We decided to focus on genes regulated in a gradient manner, because dose-dependency suggests that these may be direct targets of PU.1. Genes activated in a gradient manner were mostly myeloid-specific and enriched for target genes of PU.1. Genes repressed in a gradient manner included erythroid-specific genes and, unexpectedly, T cell and natural killer cell-specific genes. T cell genes were also repressed by PU.1 in cultured progenitor-B cells. With this unique allelic system, we can study three discrete concentrations of PU.1 at 20%, 2%, and 0% to examine concentration-dependent effects of PU.1 on target genes and lineage decisions. Overall, our results suggest that PU.1 functions in a concentration-dependent manner to promote myeloid differentiation and repress T cell or natural killer cell development.
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Kamal, Achmad Fauzi, Akbar Rizki Beni Asdi, Ahmad Jabir Rahyussalim, et al. "Mechanisms of Cytotoxicity of Chemical Agents to Giant Cell Tumors: An In Vitro Study." Stem Cells International 2020 (September 1, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8827192.
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Background. Various chemical agents have been used as an adjuvant treatment for giant cell tumor (GCT). However, the comparative effect of these chemicals remains unclear. Methods. Multinucleated and spindle cells from cultured GCT patients, characterized by Nanog and Oct4 expression with RT-PCR, were directly administered, in vitro, with concentrations of 1%, 3%, and 5% of H2O2 and 75%, 85%, and 95% of ethanol for 10 minutes and concentrations of 0.003%, 0.005%, 0.01%, 0.03%, 0.1%, and 0.3% of H2O2 for 5 minutes and were incubated for 24 hours. Cell morphology, cell viability, and flow cytometry after various concentrations of H2O2 and ethanol exposure were assessed. Results. H2O2 in all concentrations caused loss of cell viability. The number of viable cells after H2O2 exposure was related to the concentration-dependent effect. The initial viable spindle-shaped cell, multinucleated giant cell, and round-epithelioid cell had morphological changes into fragmented nonviable cells after exposure to H2O2. Flow cytometry using Annexin V showed cell death due to necrosis, with the highest concentration amounting to 0.3%. Conclusion. Administering local chemical adjuvants of H2O2 in vitro caused loss of viable GCT cells. The number of viable cells after H2O2 exposure was related to the concentration-dependent effect, whereas reducing concentration of H2O2 may cause loss of viability and morphology of cultured GCT cells with the apoptotic mechanism.
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Han, Song-I., Hyun Soo Kim, and Arum Han. "In-droplet cell concentration using dielectrophoresis." Biosensors and Bioelectronics 97 (November 2017): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2017.05.036.
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Kilbride, Peter, Julie Meneghel, and John Morris. "Cell Concentration And Sedimentation In Cryopreservation." Cryobiology 91 (December 2019): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cryobiol.2019.10.180.
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Hassan, Adnan F., Ibtihaj R. Alshirmani, and Ali H. khwayyir. "Pyranine Dye as Solar Cell Concentration." International Journal of Applied Physics 6, no. 2 (2019): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.14445/23500301/ijap-v6i2p111.
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Loges, K. M., P. Wiedemann, B. Hitzmann, and K. Preuß. "Automated cell concentration control in bioreactors." Chemie Ingenieur Technik 92, no. 9 (2020): 1337–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.202055091.
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Sheehan, D. P. "A Self-Charging Concentration Cell: Theory." Batteries 9, no. 7 (2023): 372. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries9070372.
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Batteries are a key resource in the quest for sustainable energy. Here, the theoretical basis is presented for a new type of electrochemical concentration cell that might contribute to this enterprise. The cell, which has been successfully demonstrated in the laboratory, incorporates a chemically asymmetric membrane to drive anisotropic diffusion between two solution chambers; the resulting concentration difference powers the cell. In this study, the membrane’s operation is validated via three theoretical approaches: (i) traditional equilibrium thermodynamics; (ii) balancing drift and diffusion current densities; and (iii) the time-independent diffusion equation. The physical criteria for its operation are developed and its dimensionless variables identified. The cell’s maximum instantaneous power density might exceed 107 W/m3. Its self-charging capability should confer multiple advantages over traditional concentration cells (as well as over some voltaics), including improved thermodynamic efficiency, economy, and compactness. Commonalities with other electrochemical systems (e.g., liquid chromatography, metal corrosion, and solid state diodes) are discussed, and a physical instantiation of the cell is reviewed. Recent numerical simulations corroborate its essential processes.
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Ismiyati, Titik, Widowati Siswomihardjo, Marsetyawan H. N. E. Soesatyo, and Rochmadi Rochmadi. "UJI SITOKSISITAS CAMPURAN RESIN AKRILIK DENGAN KITOSAN SEBAGAI BAHAN GIGI TIRUAN ANTI JAMUR." Jurnal Teknosains 5, no. 2 (2017): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/teknosains.27580.
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Denture acrylic resin contain monomer residue that can cause allergic reactions and inflammation in the mouth. Chitosan has advantage biocompatible and antifungal. The purpose of this study was to examine toxicity acrylic resin blends with chitosan as denture antifungal in fibroblast cell culture. This study uses chitosan concentration 0.5%, 1%, 2% and 4% of 2.5 ml were blends with acrylic resin. Fibroblast cell cellular responses were assessed using MTT assay. Data at the cell viability analyzes used Anova one path (p <0.05). The results showed the greatest average adsorbansi fibroblast cell in blends acrylic resin was chitosan concentration of 0.5% (0.434 ± 0.119) with 99.810% cell viability, and the smallest average chitosan concentration of 4% (0.385 ± 0.023) and 88.523% cell viability. Anova test showed there were differences the effect of varying concentrations of chitosan significantly to adsorbansi and cell viability (p <0.05). The results of post hoc test showed a concentration of 4% was significantly different than other concentration. Conclusion, acrylic resin blends with chitosan at a concentration of 0.5%, 1%, 2% were non-toxic, being mild toxic concentration of 4%.
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Naundorf, Gerardo, and Nicholas G. Aumen. "Ammonia-induced cell envelope injury in Escherichia coli and Enterobacter aerogenes." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 36, no. 8 (1990): 525–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m90-092.
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Ammonia-induced cell envelope injury was examined in pure cultures of Escherichia coli and Enterobacter aerogenes. Cell injury, as determined by the ratio of colony-forming units on m-T7 agar to colony-forming units on m-Endo agar, increased with exposure to increasing concentrations of ammonia. Cell envelopes appeared to be the site of injury as indicated by increasing susceptibility to lysozyme with increasing ammonia concentration. Cells exposed to ammonia also exhibited more cellular leakage than control cells. Leakage from cells exposed to ammonia included proteins, and all leaked substances increased in concentration as ammonia concentrations increased. The concentration of 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate (KDO) in the outer membrane of E. coli increased with ammonia exposure, while KDO concentration in the outer membrane of E. aerogenes decreased. The results suggest that exposure of E. coli cells to high concentrations of ammonia disrupts the outer membrane and lipopolysaccharide-associated proteins, while E. aerogenes cells are affected through the disruption of bonds between KDO and the outer membrane. Key words: injury, coliform, ammonia, cell envelope.
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Eberhardt, S. H., F. Marone, M. Stampanoni, F. N. Büchi, and T. J. Schmidt. "Quantifying phosphoric acid in high-temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cell components by X-ray tomographic microscopy." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 21, no. 6 (2014): 1319–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577514016348.
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Synchrotron-based X-ray tomographic microscopy is investigated for imaging the local distribution and concentration of phosphoric acid in high-temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cells. Phosphoric acid fills the pores of the macro- and microporous fuel cell components. Its concentration in the fuel cell varies over a wide range (40–100 wt% H3PO4). This renders the quantification and concentration determination challenging. The problem is solved by using propagation-based phase contrast imaging and a referencing method. Fuel cell components with known acid concentrations were used to correlate greyscale values and acid concentrations. Thus calibration curves were established for the gas diffusion layer, catalyst layer and membrane in a non-operating fuel cell. The non-destructive imaging methodology was verified by comparing image-based values for acid content and concentration in the gas diffusion layer with those from chemical analysis.
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Al-Zeiny, Saadia Saleh Mehdy, Kifah Jabbar Alyaqubi, and Duraid Abdul Hadi Abbas. "In vitro: anticancer effect of oily and methanolic extracts of Al-Zahdi (Phoenix dactylifera L.) from dry dates and leaves on AMN3, Hela and Ref cancer cell cultures." Kufa Journal For Veterinary Medical Sciences 13, no. 2 (2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.36326/kjvs/2022/v13i23303.
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The antioxidant and anti-tumor effects of extracts from various herbs and medicinal plants were measured using various in vitro and in vivo methods. The current study investigates and compare the anticancer effects of the two palm part extracts against cancer cell line in cultured cell line of AMN3, Hela and Ref. The results showed a concentration dependent inhibitory cytotoxic effects during 72 hrs of exposure for methanolic and oily crude extracts of date and leaves on AMN3, Hela and Ref cell lines. The highest significant effect of both dry date and leave methanolic extracts were achieved at concentration 2500 μg/ ml that causing highest growth inhibition percentage (GIP) of (73.3 %, 66.4%) for AMN3 and (76.7 %, 55.4%) for Hela respectively. The concentration 5000 μg/ ml showed nearly less effect after 72 hrs exposure. Both methanolic extracts tested concentrations didn’t cause any inhibitory effect on the REF cell line. The effect of date and leaves oily extracts at different concentrations caused on tumor Cell Line AMN3, Hela and Ref highly significant in difference at exposure periods 72 hrs for concentrations gradient ranged from (15.62- 250 μg/ml). The concentration 125 µg/ml showed higher inhibition percentage compared to the higher concentration of 2500 µg/ ml causing on AMN3 (85.1%, 66%), Hela (79.1%, 77%), and Ref (76%, 61.7%), respectively. Plateau were noticed for all highest palm extracts concentrations GIP effect on all cell line cultures. The study concluded that the superiority of oil extract for both date and leave over alcoholic extracts one in inhibition of in vitro the same cell lines AMN3, Hela, Ref.
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Novotná, Barbora, Pavel Holík, Yuliya Morozova, Matej Rosa, Adéla Galandáková, and Kateřina Langová. "Evaluation of Cytotoxicity of the Dental Materials TheraCal LC, TheraCal PT, ApaCal ART and Biodentine Used in Vital Pulp Therapy: In Vitro Study." Dentistry Journal 12, no. 8 (2024): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/dj12080249.
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(1) Background: The aim of this study was to compare the cytotoxicity of selected resin-modified materials used in direct contact with the dental pulp (TheraCal LC, TheraCal PT, and ApaCal ART) with calcium silicate cement (Biodentine). (2) Methods: The mouse fibroblast Balb/3T3 cell line and the extracts of tested materials in four concentrations were used for the testing. An MTT assay was performed in three independent experiments with six replicates for each concentration of tested material. The cell viability (%) and cytotoxicity were expressed (cytotoxic effect is considered in cases where the cell viability is lower than 70%). The mean of the cell viability and the standard deviation were expressed for each material at all concentrations. ANOVA and Dunnet’s post hoc tests were used for the statistical analysis. All of these tests were performed at the 0.05 significance level. (3) Results: At all concentrations, the cell viability was statistically significantly lower (p ≤ 0.002) for all tested materials compared to Biodentine. ApaCal ART showed a high level of cytotoxicity at all concentrations (cell viability lower than 47.71%, p < 0.0001). The same result was found for TheraCal LC at concentrations of 100%, 50% and 25% and TheraCal PT at concentrations of 100% and 50%. TheraCal LC at a 10% concentration (cell viability 68.18%) and TheraCal PT at a 25% concentration (cell viability 60.63%) indicated potential cytotoxicity. TheraCal PT at a 10% concentration was not found to be cytotoxic (cell viability 79.18%, p = 0.095). (4) Conclusion: The resin-modified calcium silicate and calcium phosphate materials showed higher cytotoxic potential, so they should be used with caution when in direct contact with the dental pulp.
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Wagner, Johanna E., Janice L. Huff, William L. Rust, Karl Kingsley, and George E. Plopper. "Perillyl Alcohol Inhibits Breast Cell Migration without Affecting Cell Adhesion." Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2, no. 3 (2002): 136–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1110724302207020.
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The monoterpene d-limonene exhibits chemotherapeutic and chemopreventive potential in breast cancer patients. D-limonene and its related compounds, perillyl alcohol and perillyl aldehyde, were chosen as candidate drugs for application in a screen for nontoxic inhibitors of cell migration. Using the nontumorigenic human breast cell line MCF-10A, we delineated the toxicity as greatest for the perillyl aldehyde, intermediate for perillyl alcohol, and least for limonene. A noncytotoxic concentration of 0.5 mmol/L perillyl alcohol inhibited the migration, while the same concentration of limonene failed to do so. Adhesion of the MCF-10A cell line and the human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB 435 to fibronectin was unaffected by 1.5 mmol/L perillyl alcohol. 0.4 mmol/L perillyl alcohol inhibited the growth of MDA-MB 435 cells. All migration-inhibiting concentrations of perillyl alcohol for MDA-MB 435 cells proved to be toxic. These results suggest that subtoxic doses of perillyl alcohol may have prophylactic potential in the treatment of breast cancer.
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Laila, Farida, Dedi Fardiaz, Nancy Dewi Yuliana, M. Rizal M. Damanik, and Fitriya Nur Annisa Dewi. "Methanol Extract of Coleus amboinicus (Lour) Exhibited Antiproliferative Activity and Induced Programmed Cell Death in Colon Cancer Cell WiDr." International Journal of Food Science 2020 (January 25, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9068326.
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Coleus amboinicus(Lour) (CA) has been reported to possess many pharmacological activities. In this study, evaluation of cytotoxicity using brine shrimp lethality bioassay and MTT assay using WiDr cell lines was carried out. The expression of several genes responsible for programmed cell death of the methanol extract of CA was also investigated. The morphology of the cells undergoing apoptosis was detected using Hoechst staining assay. The gene expression of BAX, BCL2, P53, Caspase 1, 7, 8, and 9 of treated samples with different concentrations (10, 15, 25 & 50 µg/ml) were measured with RT PCR. The phytochemical profiles were investigated using LC MS. The results showed that the lethality concentration (LC50) of methanol extract using brine shrimp was 34.545 µg/ml and the extract exhibited good antiproliferative activity against cancer cells WiDr with IC50 value (8.598 ± 2.68 µg/ml) as compared to standard drug 5-fluorouracil (IC50 value 1.839 ± 0.03 µg/ml). There was apoptotic evidences from the morphology of treated cells. The expressions of BAX,P53, and Caspase 9 were upregulated in lower concentration of the extract (10 and 15 µg/ml) but downregulated in higher concentration (25 and 50 µg/ml). BCL2 as anti-apoptotic gene was downregulated in all concentrations. Caspase 1 and Caspase 7 were upregulated in high concentration (25 and 50 µg/ml), but downregulated in lower concentrations. These data provide a mode of cell death for the methanol extract of CA in low concentrations corresponding to apoptosis with intrinsic pathway. Many valuable compounds identified including caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid, malic acid, eicosapentanoic acid, benserazide, alpha-linolenic acid, betaine, Salvanolic B, 4-hydroxibenzoic acid and firulic acid have been previously reported as being active agents against many cancer cells. This study suggested that CA might become an effective ingredient for health-beneficial foods to prevent colon cancer.
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Ren, Kai, Yong X. Gan, Efstratios Nikolaidis, Sharaf Al Sofyani, and Lihua Zhang. "Electrolyte Concentration Effect of a Photoelectrochemical Cell Consisting of TiO2 Nanotube Anode." ISRN Materials Science 2013 (March 20, 2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/682516.
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The photoelectrochemical responses of a TiO2 nanotube anode in ethylene glycol (EG), glycerol, ammonia, ethanol, urea, and Na2S electrolytes with different concentrations were investigated. The TiO2 nanotube anode was highly efficient in photoelectrocatalysis in these solutions under UV light illumination. The photocurrent density is obviously affected by the concentration change. Na2S generated the highest photocurrent density at 0, 1, and 2 V bias voltages, but its concentration does not significantly affect the photocurrent density. Urea shows high open circuit voltage at proper concentration and low photocurrent at different concentrations. Externally applied bias voltage is also an important factor that changes the photoelectrochemical reaction process. In view of the open circuit voltage, EG, ammonia, and ethanol fuel cells show the trend that the open circuit voltage (OCV) increases with the increase of the concentration of the solutions. Glycerol has the highest OCV compared with others, and it deceases with the increase in the concentration because of the high viscosity. The OCV of the urea and Na2S solutions did not show obvious concentration effect.
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Zhao, Yu, Xiao Bin Wang, Peng Li, and Yan Ping Sun. "The Influence of Mediator Concentration on the Performance of Microbial Fuel Cell." Advanced Materials Research 512-515 (May 2012): 1520–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.512-515.1520.
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Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), power density and anode potential are used to characterize the mediator microbial fuel cell at different methylene blue (MB) concentrations. At lower MB concentration between 9.98×10-3 mmol/L and 1.66×10-1 mmol/L, the increased power density is enabled by using high mediator concentrations. Higher peak power density of 159.6 mw/m2 is observed compared with the peak power density of 36.0 mw/m2. But MB at too high concentration is disadvantageous to the perform of MFC. At the MB concentration of 2.50×10-1 mmol/L, the peak power output is just 128.4 mw/m2, which is lower than 159.6 mw/m2 at MB concentration of 1.66×10-1 mmol/L.
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Ściskalska, Milena, Grzegorz Marek, Zygmunt Grzebieniak, and Halina Milnerowicz. "Resistin as a Prooxidant Factor and Predictor of Endothelium Damage in Patients with Mild Acute Pancreatitis Exposed to Tobacco Smoke Xenobiotics." Mediators of Inflammation 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3039765.
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Objectives. The study was aimed to assess the influence of tobacco smoke exposure on the intensity of inflammation measured by IL-6, α1-antitripsin (AAT) and α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) concentrations, and Cd level and oxidative stress intensity measured by advanced oxidation protein product (AOPP) concentration in the blood of healthy subjects and AP patients during hospitalization. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) and resistin concentrations, markers of endothelium injury, were determined. Results. An increased IL-6 concentration in healthy smokers compared to nonsmokers and AP patients compared to controls was shown. An increased AAT and AGP concentrations during hospitalization of AP patients were noted, in both smokers (AAT, AGP) and nonsmokers (AAT). In comparison to control groups, in AP patients, a 2-fold increased resistin concentration correlating with ET-1 concentration and decreased albumin concentration accompanied by increased AOPP concentration were demonstrated. AOPP concentration was higher in smokers with AP compared to nonsmokers and gradually enhanced during their hospitalization. Conclusions. Tobacco smoke exposure can have a proinflammatory effect in both healthy subjects and AP patients. Increased resistin concentration in AP patients negatively correlating with albumin concentration has prooxidative effect on this protein resulting in enhanced AOPP level. Increased resistin concentration can intensify AAT and AGP production during AP.
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Dinh Lam, Nguyen, Le Thuy Trang, Nguyen Thi Mui, Pham Van Vinh, Vuong Van Cuong, and Nguyen Van Hung. "INFLUENCES OF Sn DOPING CONCENTRATION ON CHARACTERISTICS OF ZnO FILMS FOR SOLAR CELL APPLICATIONS." Journal of Science, Natural Science 60, no. 7 (2015): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.18173/2354-1059.2015-0030.
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Alyousif, Nassir Abdullah, Yasin Y. Y. Al-luaibi, and Wijdan H. Al-tamimi. "Evaluation of bacterial biosurfactant activities as an anticancer and antibiofilm agent." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 17, no. 1 (2025): 313–19. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v17i1.6372.
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Rhamnolipids are glycolipid biosurfactants produced by Pseudomonas sp. that can be applied in many fields, such as medicine, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and food processing. The rhamnolipid utilized in the present study was produced from Pseudomonas aeruginosa which was isolated from hydrocarbon-contaminated soil. Different rhamnolipid concentrations were evaluated as anticancer agents against cancer cell lines, including the Hela cell line and the L20B cell line, and as antibiofilm agents against four pathogenic bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Results showed that the rhamnolipid inhibited the proliferation of the cervical cancer cell line (Hela) during exposure. The inhibitory effect of rhamnolipid against the Hela cell line increased with the increasing concentration of rhamnolipid. The 750 µg/ml concentration recorded a higher inhibitory effect, while the 50 µg/ml concentration recorded a lower inhibitory effect against the Hela cell line. Similarly, the concentration of 750 µg/ml recorded a higher inhibitory effect, while the concentration of 62.5 µg/ml recorded a lower inhibitory effect against the L20B cell line. The results exhibited the best rhamnolipid activity as an antibiofilm agent against pathogenic bacteria at a concentration of 1 mg/ml for E. coli, B. cereus, and K. pneumoniae, while exhibiting the best antibiofilm activity against Staphylococcus aureus at a concentration of 2 mg/ml when incubated with different concentrations of rhamnolipid. The rhamnolipid showed high effectiveness as antibiofilm and anticancer agent, which constitutes a promising agent for use against pathogenic bacteria to prevent the formation of biofilm and an alternative therapeutic agent as an anticancer.
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Arjmandi, Hamidreza, Kajsa P. Kanebratt, Liisa Vilén, Peter Gennemark, and Adam Noel. "3D cell aggregates amplify diffusion signals." PLOS ONE 19, no. 9 (2024): e0310109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0310109.
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Biophysical models can predict the behavior of cell cultures including 3D cell aggregates (3DCAs), thereby reducing the need for costly and time-consuming experiments. Specifically, mass transfer models enable studying the transport of nutrients, oxygen, signaling molecules, and drugs in 3DCA. These models require the defining of boundary conditions (BC) between the 3DCA and surrounding medium. However, accurately modeling the BC that relates the inner and outer boundary concentrations at the border between the 3DCA and the medium remains a challenge that this paper addresses using both theoretical and experimental methods. The provided biophysical analysis indicates that the concentration of molecules inside boundary is higher than that at the outer boundary, revealing an amplification factor that is confirmed by a particle-based simulator (PBS). Due to the amplification factor, the PBS confirms that when a 3DCA with a low concentration of target molecules is introduced to a culture medium with a higher concentration, the molecule concentration in the medium rapidly decreases. The theoretical model and PBS simulations were used to design a pilot experiment with liver spheroids as the 3DCA and glucose as the target molecule. Experimental results agree with the proposed theory and derived properties.
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Anand, Mahek, Bence Lázár, Roland Tóth, et al. "Enhancement of chicken primordial germ cell in vitro maintenance using an automated cell image analyser." Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 66, no. 4 (2018): 518–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/004.2018.046.
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Primordial germ cells (PGCs) were isolated from blood samples of chicken embryos. We established four PGC lines: two males (FS-ZZ-101, GFP-ZZ-4ZP) and two females (FS-ZW-111, GFP-ZW-5ZP). We could not detect a significant difference in the marker expression profile, but there was a remarkable difference between the proliferation rates of these PGC lines. We monitored the number of PGCs throughout a three-day period using a high-content screening cell imaging and analysing system (HCS). We compared three different initial cell concentrations in the wells: ~1000 cells (1×, ~4000 (4× and ~8000 (8×. For the GFPZW- 5ZP, FS-ZZ-101 and FS-ZW-111 PGC lines the lowest doubling time was observed at 4× concentration, while for GFP-ZZ-4ZP we found the lowest doubling time at 1× concentration. At 8× initial concentration, the growth rate was high during the first two days for all cell lines, but this was followed by the appearance of cell aggregates decreasing the cell growth rate. We could conclude that the difference in proliferation rate could mainly be attributed to genotypic variation in the established PGC lines, but external factors such as cell concentration and quality of the culture medium also affect the growth rate of PGCs.
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Sanz del Pozo, Mónica, Cristina Plaza Alonso, Álvaro Linacero Gracia, et al. "Prognostic Implications of Serum Carbonic Anhydrase IX in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma." Journal of Urologic Oncology 23, no. 1 (2025): 54–62. https://doi.org/10.22465/juo.255000060003.
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Purpose: The present study aimed at determining the expression of carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) in tissue and serum of patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and its relationship with clinical-pathological parameters; assessing CAIX as a marker of progression and survival; and studying the relationship of CAIX concentration in serum before and after surgical intervention.Materials and Methods: Immunohistochemistry was used to assess the expression of CAIX in tumor and adjacent healthy renal tissues. The concentration of CAIX in serum was determined using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay before and 24 hours after radical nephrectomy in 60 patients diagnosed with ccRCC. SPSS ver. 28.0.1.0 was used for descriptive and inferential statistical analysis and graphics. A significance level of 0.05 was considered for all statistical tests performed.Results: CAIX expression was positive in 59 of the 60 samples of tumor renal tissue, and negative in the 60 samples of healthy renal tissues. Median serum CAIX concentration was higher before nephrectomy (178.25 pg/mL) than after it (59.30 pg/mL), with a high correlation between pre-and postsurgical measurements (r=0.891). Significant differences were found in CAIX concentration according to the following variables: TNM, tumor stage, Fuhrman nuclear grade, progression, and death. Serum CAIX concentration before nephrectomy correlated with disease progression and overall survival, with a hazard ratio of 4.849 for CAIX values greater than 169.95 pg/mL.Conclusion: CAIX expression in tumor renal tissue was specific, but not clinically useful as a prognostic marker. Measurements of CAIX in serum obtained pre- and postsurgical interventions showed good prognostic potential, correlating with clinical-pathological parameters and estimating the risk of progression. Presurgical intervention serum CAIX concentrations higher than 169.95 pg/mL indicated an almost 5-fold increased risk of death.
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Nakajima, Naoki, and Yoshito Ikada. "Effect of Solution Osmotic Pressure on Cell Fusion by Poly(Ethylene Glycol)." Journal of Bioactive and Compatible Polymers 10, no. 1 (1995): 14–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/088391159501000103.
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Effects of the osmotic pressure of culture medium on the membrane fusion of L929 cells in the monolayer state were investigated using polyethylene glycol) (PEG) with the molecular weight of 3,000 at various concentrations at phosphate buffer saline (PBS). Cell incubation for fusion was performed via three stages; (1) incubation before PEG treatment (preincubation), (2) incubation in the presence of PEG (PEG incubation), and (3) incubation after PEG treatment (postincubation). The PBS concentrations half that of a isotonic solution in the pre- and postincubation stages significantly accelerated the membrane fusion, whereas cell treatment at more hypotonic or hypertonic concentrations of PBS suppressed cell fusion. This result was explained in terms of cell swelling and shrinking induced by the osmotic pressure difference, because such cell morphological changes actually occurred when the PBS concentration was varied from the isotonicity. In contrast, almost no effect of osmotic pressure on cell fusion was observed if PEG was present in the culture medium at 40 w/w% concentration, regardless of the PBS concentration.
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Cheng, Ka Yu, Caroline C. Rubina Acuña, Naomi J. Boxall, et al. "Effect of Initial Cell Concentration on Bio-Oxidation of Pyrite before Gold Cyanidation." Minerals 11, no. 8 (2021): 834. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11080834.
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Bio-oxidation of refractory sulfidic gold minerals has been applied at the commercial scale as a pre-treatment to improve gold yields and reduce chemical consumption during gold cyanidation. In this study, the effect of initial cell concentration on the oxidation of pyritic gold ore was evaluated with four aerated bioreactors at 30 °C with 10% pulp density and pH maintained at 1.4 with NaOH. Results of NaOH consumption and changes in soluble Fe and S concentrations indicated that increasing the initial cell concentration from 2.3 × 107 to 2.3 × 1010 cells mL−1 enhanced pyrite oxidation during the first week. However, by day 18 the reactor with the lowest initial cell concentration showed profound performance enhancement based on soluble Fe and S concentrations, sulfide-S and pyrite contents in the residues, and subsequent gold leaching of the bio-oxidation residues by cyanidation. Overall, the results showed that the cell concentration was clearly beneficial during the initial stages of oxidation (first 7–8 days).
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Siddiqui, MSI, R. Parvin, M. Giasuddin, SMZH Chowdhury, MR Islam, and EH Chowdhury. "The effect of different concentrations of Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and glycerol as cryoprotectant in preserving Vero cells." Bangladesh Veterinarian 33, no. 1 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bvet.v33i1.33307.
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Different concentrations of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and glycerol were used for cryopreservation of Vero cells. After total cell count Vero cells were preserved in liquid nitrogen. Two frozen stocks were made simultaneously from the cell suspensions of same concentrations using DMSO or glycerol at concentrations of 2.5%, 5%, 10% and 15%. After six months of cryopreservation both frozen stocks were used providing same nutrients and environment for the viability of the Vero cells. The cell viability analysis was performed immediately after thawing by Trypan Blue Exclusion Test. Both cryoprotectants showed a protective effect on Vero cells. When Glycerol was used, a maximum cell viability rate of 89.4% and a lowest cell viability rate of 63% were achieved at concentrations of 10% and 2.5%, respectively. On the other hand, DMSO at a concentration of 10% had the highest effect on cryoprotectivity and showed highest cell viability (75%), while at 15% concentration it showed the lowest cell viability (53%). It is suggested that DMSO and glycerol are appropriate protective materials for the cryopreservation of Vero cells. The solutions at concentration of 10% of DMSO and glycerol could be the best choice of cryoprotectant for long-term (6 months) preservation of Vero cells.Bangl. vet. 2016. Vol. 33, No. 1, 1-7
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Khayoon, Hussein A. "Cytotoxic Effect of Resveratrol on Colorectal Cancer Cell Line." Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine 44, no. 1 (2020): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.30539/ijvm.v44i1.939.
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This study aimed to examine the cytotoxic effect of resveratrol as an anticancer in human colorectal cancer (HRT) cell line by assessment of its half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) and its ability to inhibit the growth of these cancerous cells. Resveratrol inhibited the proliferation of HRT cell lines when used at different increased concentrations in this study (25, 50, 100, 200, 300) μmol respectively. These increased concentrations of resveratrol caused a corresponding significant inhibition in the growth percentage of the tested cancerous cell line (13%, 31.33%, 53.66%, 63.66 %, and 76.33%) respectively when compared with DMSO0.1% as negative control, in a concentration-dependent manner. Resveratrol at 300 μmol concentration showed the highest significant increase in the growth inhibitory percentage (76.33%). Moreover, resveratrol IC50 against (HRT) cell line was determined as 75.63 μmol. The study suggested a promising anticancer activity of resveratrol which can interfere with many dysregulated signaling pathways in transformed cells which are proposed to be driving forces for its anticancer effect.
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Maclay, Tyler, Joseph Vacca, Casey McComas, Alfredo Castro, Melinda Day, and Kevin Mills. "CYT01B, a Novel RAD51 Inhibitor, Act Synergistically with Both Targeted and Chemotherapeutic Anti-Cancer Agents." Blood 132, Supplement 1 (2018): 3963. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-119373.
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Abstract We have developed CYT01B, a novel RAD51 inhibitor, that sensitizes cells to Activation Induced Cytidine Deaminase (AID) activity. In cancer cells, AID causes significant genotoxic stress through DNA replication fork damage, creating a dependency upon the homologous recombination repair factor, RAD51, for survival. CYT01B acts by destabilizing RAD51 focus formation, leading to its premature nuclear export and degradation. We have shown CYT01B to be effective in AID expressing cells, however, we had yet to address if inhibition of RAD51 could act as a sensitizer to current therapeutics. To determine potential drug combinations, a matrix study was performed with CYT01B (concentration range of 20nM to 5μM) and six different targeted agents or chemotherapeutics in three different cell lines: ARPE19/HPV16 (HPV immortalized normal epithelial cell line), KYSE-70 (head and neck cancer cell line) and Daudi (Burkitt's Lymphoma cell line). We then used the Bliss Independence model to determine drug interaction (synergistic, independent, or antagonistic). The compounds tested were the ATR inhibitor VE-822 (concentration range of 39nM to 2.5μM), the RPA inhibitor TDRL-505 (concentration range of 39nM to 5μM), the proteasome inhibitor Bortezomib (concentration range of 39nM to 2.5μM), Carboplatin (concentration range of 156nM to 10μM), and the PARP inhibitors Olaparib and Niraparib (concentration range of 78nM to 5μM). With VE-822 we observed synergy in the KYSE-70 cell line with ambiguous results in Daudi and ARPE19/HPV16. In ARPE19/HPV16 cell line, synergy was observed with CYT01B at 39nM with all concentrations of VE-822, but antagonistic activity was seen at the high and low concentrations. In Daudi, antagonism was observed at the highest concentrations of VE-822, but an additive effect was noted at the lower concentrations of VE-822. Antagonism was observed at all concentrations of CYT01B with TDRL-505 in both Daudi and ARPE19/HPV16. Weak synergy was observed in KYSE70 cells at 156 and 312nM CYT01B. CYT01B was synergistic with Bortezomib in ARPE19/HPV16 at all concentrations but was consistently antagonistic in KYSE-70 and Daudi. We observed synergy with carboplatin in all cell lines, with the effect consistent across the full concentration range in the cancer cell lines. Synergy was also observed consistently across the full concentration range in all three cell lines with both PARP inhibitors. However, Olaparib showed a stronger synergistic effect than Niraparib. These data suggest that CYT01B may be effective as a combinatorial therapy with platinum based chemotherapeutics and with PARP and ATR inhibitors. Overall, we conclude that there is significant potential for RAD51 inhibition to be used in future combination cancer treatment strategies and warrants further exploration in vivo. Disclosures Maclay: Cyteir Therapeutics: Employment. Vacca:Cyteir Therapeutics: Consultancy. McComas:Cyteir Therapeutics: Consultancy. Castro:Cyteir Therapeutics: Consultancy. Day:Cyteir Therapeutics: Employment. Mills:Cyteir Therapeutics: Employment, Equity Ownership, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees.
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Stavrianakou, Sotiria, Georgios Liakopoulos, Evangelos Karvonis, Evangelia Resta, and George Karabourniotis. "Research note: Low-boron acclimation induces uptake of boric acid against a concentration gradient in root cells of Olea europaea." Functional Plant Biology 33, no. 2 (2006): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp05097.
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Low concentrations of boron (B) in the external medium can induce uptake mechanisms whereby plants can develop a concentration gradient for B against the external medium. These mechanisms seem to be widespread among herbaceous species. In this study, olive (Olea europaea L.) plants were acclimated to either high (23 μm; controls) or low (0.5 μm; low-B plants) concentrations of B for 45 d, in a hydroponic culture. Afterwards, a 7-h uptake experiment was conducted by transferring plants of both groups to a series of nutrient solutions with B concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 23 μm. Analysis of B concentration in cell sap of root and xylem exudate was performed by the borate–chromotropic acid HPLC assay. Plants acclimated to high-B concentration showed root cell and xylem exudate B concentrations that were comparable to those of the external medium. In contrast, plants acclimated to low-B concentration were able to develop concentrations of B in root cells up to 2-fold higher than those of the external medium. Moreover, B concentrations in xylem exudate for both plant groups corresponded to those of the root cell sap, indicating diffusion equilibrium. These results support the existence of a mechanism that concentrates B in the root cell sap against the nutrient solution when olive plants are acclimated to low-B conditions.
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Cheimarios, Nikolaos, Barbara Pem, Andreas Tsoumanis, et al. "An In Vitro Dosimetry Tool for the Numerical Transport Modeling of Engineered Nanomaterials Powered by the Enalos RiskGONE Cloud Platform." Nanomaterials 12, no. 22 (2022): 3935. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12223935.
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A freely available “in vitro dosimetry” web application is presented enabling users to predict the concentration of nanomaterials reaching the cell surface, and therefore available for attachment and internalization, from initial dispersion concentrations. The web application is based on the distorted grid (DG) model for the dispersion of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) in culture medium used for in vitro cellular experiments, in accordance with previously published protocols for cellular dosimetry determination. A series of in vitro experiments for six different NPs, with Ag and Au cores, are performed to demonstrate the convenience of the web application for calculation of exposure concentrations of NPs. Our results show that the exposure concentrations at the cell surface can be more than 30 times higher compared to the nominal or dispersed concentrations, depending on the NPs’ properties and their behavior in the cell culture medium. Therefore, the importance of calculating the exposure concentration at the bottom of the cell culture wells used for in vitro arrays, i.e., the particle concentration at the cell surface, is clearly presented, and the tool introduced here allows users easy access to such calculations. Widespread application of this web tool will increase the reliability of subsequent toxicity data, allowing improved correlation of the real exposure concentration with the observed toxicity, enabling the hazard potentials of different NPs to be compared on a more robust basis.
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Bryzgunova, O. E., S. N. Tamkovich, A. V. Cherepanova, et al. "Redistribution of Free- and Cell-Surface-Bound DNA in Blood of Benign and Malignant Prostate Tumor Patients." Acta Naturae 7, no. 2 (2015): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32607/20758251-2015-7-2-115-118.
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A direct correlation between the concentration of cell-free and cell-surface-bound circulating DNA (cfDNA and csbDNA, respectively) was demonstrated. Based on an inverse correlation between blood plasma DNase activity and the cfDNA concentration, blood DNases are supposed to regulate the cfDNA concentration. However, no correlation was found between the DNase activity in blood plasma and the csbDNA concentration, indicating that blood DNases are not involved in csbDNA dissociation from the cell surface. The possibility of DNA redistribution between cfDNA and csbDNA indicates that the total pool of circulating DNA (cfDNA +csbDNA) should be used for a correct analysis of marker DNA concentrations and data standardization.
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Canché-Collí, César, Felipe Barahona, Luis A. Medina-Medina, and Azucena Canto. "The effect of sugar concentration on yeast growth associated with floral nectar and honey." Scientia Fungorum 52 (September 8, 2021): e1288. http://dx.doi.org/10.33885/sf.2021.52.1288.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Floral nectar and honey vary in sugar concentration, from low concentration in nectar to high concentration in honey. Variation in sugar concentration is a gradient that determines yeast growth and can lead to its ecological niche specialization. Objective: Evaluate the effect of a sugar concentration gradient on the growth kinetics and cell size of yeasts isolated from the floral nectar and honey of Melipona beecheii. Methods: Four strains identified as Metschnikowia koreensis and Sympodiomycopsis paphiopedili, isolated from floral nectar, and Starmerella apicola and Starmerella apicola 2, isolated from honey of Melipona beecheii were grown in artificial media with a gradient of 2, 10, 20, 40 and 60% glucose. We evaluated culture density (cells / µL), growth parameters, and cell size in each strain. Results and Conclusions: Strains isolated from honey had high growth rates at the highest glucose concentrations, while strains isolated from floral nectar grew best at low concentrations. Cell size decreased as glucose concentration increased in all strains. The data supports the hypothesis that sugar concentration gradient is an ecological filter that modifies the growth and morphology of yeasts associated with flowers and honey and leads to niche specialization in yeasts that colonize plant-bee environments.
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Zakariah, Nor Azalina, Norazah Abd Rahman, and Noor Amelina Abdul Rahim. "Chlorella sorokiniana: Effect of Nitrate Replete Concentration on Biomass Yield, Cell and Nitrate Concentration." Key Engineering Materials 797 (March 2019): 365–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.797.365.
Full textAbstract:
Effect of various nitrate replete concentrations have been investigated in terms of biomass yield, cell and nitrate concentrations. Media used in this study is Bold’s basal medium which contains nitrate that act as nutrient. Its concentrations have been varied for obtaining the high biomass yield. The nitrate concentrations used were 30 mg nitrate/L, 35 mg nitrate/L, 40 mg nitrate/L, 45 mg nitrate/L and 50 mg nitrate/L) with 30 mg nitrate/L as a control. Microalgae Chlorella sp. is cultured and aerated in a Schott bottle with presents of light. Results showed that the best concentration to obtain highest biomass yield was 45 mg nitrate/L. It also gave the highest optical density reading at day 9 with 2.100 ± 0.070 and showed the highest cell concentration with 703 ± 29 x 106 cells/mL. Dry algae produced by this concentration after the end of the cycle was 291 ± 9 mg which was the highest compared to other concentration. It is suggested that as the biomass yield is increased by using 45 mg nitrate/L concentration, other methods to increase lipid content can be paired with nitrate replete method and can be further studied in the future.
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Ishikawa, Nilton Massuo, Maria José Tavares Ranzani-Paiva, Julio Vicente Lombardi, and Cláudia Maris Ferreira. "Hematological parameters in Nile Tilápia, Oreochromis niloticus exposed to sub-letal concentrations of mercury." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 50, no. 4 (2007): 619–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132007000400007.
Full textAbstract:
Mercury toxicity in tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, (Linnaeus, 1758) was investigated by the hematological parameters after long-term (14 days) exposure to various Hg concentrations (0.02, 0.002, 0.0002mg/L Hg). Test groups were set up with three replicates for each concentration, plus the control group. Blood samples were collected from six individuals for each concentration at 0, 3, 7, 10 and 14 days of exposure. The hematological parameters analyzed were: total red blood cell count (RBC), hemoglobin concentration (Hb), hematocrit (Ht), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), total white blood cell count (WBC) and differential leukocyte counts and total thrombocyte count (Tr). There were no significant differences among the mean hematological values at the different Hg concentrations indicating that Hg at the concentrations studied was not toxic to tilapia.