Relevant bibliographies by topics / Concentration-discharge relationships

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers
  5. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Concentration-discharge relationships'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 25 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Concentration-discharge relationships"

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Lohani, A. K., N. K. Goel, and K. K. S. Bhatia. "Deriving stage–discharge–sediment concentration relationships using fuzzy logic." Hydrological Sciences Journal 52, no. 4 (2007): 793–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1623/hysj.52.4.793.

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Anderson, Suzanne Prestrud, William E. Dietrich, Raymond Torres, David R. Montgomery, and Keith Loague. "A case for geochemical control of concentration-discharge relationships." Chemical Geology 107, no. 3-4 (1993): 369–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(93)90211-z.

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Duncan, Jonathan M., Lawrence E. Band, and Peter M. Groffman. "Variable nitrate concentration-discharge relationships in a forested watershed." Hydrological Processes 31, no. 9 (2017): 1817–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.11136.

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Godsey, Sarah E., James W. Kirchner, and David W. Clow. "Concentration-discharge relationships reflect chemostatic characteristics of US catchments." Hydrological Processes 23, no. 13 (2009): 1844–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7315.

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Anderson, Suzanne Prestrud, William E. Dietrich, Raymond Torres, David R. Montgomery, and Keith Loague. "Concentration-discharge relationships in runoff from a steep, unchanneled catchment." Water Resources Research 33, no. 1 (1997): 211–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/96wr02715.

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Tunqui Neira, José Manuel, Gaëlle Tallec, Vazken Andréassian, and Jean-Marie Mouchel. "A combined mixing model for high-frequency concentration–discharge relationships." Journal of Hydrology 591 (December 2020): 125559. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.125559.

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Herndon, E. M., A. L. Dere, P. L. Sullivan, D. Norris, B. Reynolds, and S. L. Brantley. "Landscape heterogeneity drives contrasting concentration–discharge relationships in shale headwater catchments." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 19, no. 8 (2015): 3333–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3333-2015.

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Abstract. Solute concentrations in stream water vary with discharge in patterns that record complex feedbacks between hydrologic and biogeochemical processes. In a comparison of three shale-underlain headwater catchments located in Pennsylvania, USA (the forested Shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory), and Wales, UK (the peatland-dominated Upper Hafren and forest-dominated Upper Hore catchments in the Plynlimon forest), dissimilar concentration–discharge (C–Q) behaviors are best explained by contrasting landscape distributions of soil solution chemistry – especially dissolved organic carbon (DOC) – that have been established by patterns of vegetation and soil organic matter (SOM). Specifically, elements that are concentrated in organic-rich soils due to biotic cycling (Mn, Ca, K) or that form strong complexes with DOC (Fe, Al) are spatially heterogeneous in pore waters because organic matter is heterogeneously distributed across the catchments. These solutes exhibit non-chemostatic behavior in the streams, and solute concentrations either decrease (Shale Hills) or increase (Plynlimon) with increasing discharge. In contrast, solutes that are concentrated in soil minerals and form only weak complexes with DOC (Na, Mg, Si) are spatially homogeneous in pore waters across each catchment. These solutes are chemostatic in that their stream concentrations vary little with stream discharge, likely because these solutes are released quickly from exchange sites in the soils during rainfall events. Furthermore, concentration–discharge relationships of non-chemostatic solutes changed following tree harvest in the Upper Hore catchment in Plynlimon, while no changes were observed for chemostatic solutes, underscoring the role of vegetation in regulating the concentrations of certain elements in the stream. These results indicate that differences in the hydrologic connectivity of organic-rich soils to the stream drive differences in concentration behavior between catchments. As such, in catchments where SOM is dominantly in lowlands (e.g., Shale Hills), we infer that non-chemostatic elements associated with organic matter are released to the stream early during rainfall events, whereas in catchments where SOM is dominantly in uplands (e.g., Plynlimon), these non-chemostatic elements are released later during rainfall events. The distribution of SOM across the landscape is thus a key component for predictive models of solute transport in headwater catchments.
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Guzman, C. D., S. A. Tilahun, A. D. Zegeye, and T. S. Steenhuis. "Suspended sediment concentration–discharge relationships in the (sub-) humid Ethiopian highlands." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 17, no. 3 (2013): 1067–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-1067-2013.

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Abstract. Loss of top soil and subsequent filling up of reservoirs in much of the lands with variable relief in developing countries degrades environmental resources necessary for subsistence. In the Ethiopia highlands, sediment mobilization from rain-fed agricultural fields is one of the leading factors causing land degradation. Sediment rating curves, produced from long-term sediment concentration and discharge data, attempt to predict suspended sediment concentration variations, which exhibit a distinct shift with the progression of the rainy season. In this paper, we calculate sediment rating curves and examine this shift in concentration for three watersheds in which rain-fed agriculture is practiced to differing extents. High sediment concentrations with low flows are found at the beginning of the rainy season of the semi-monsoonal climate, while high flows and low sediment concentrations occur at the end of the rainy season. Results show that a reasonably unique set of rating curves were obtained by separating biweekly data into early, mid, and late rainfall periods and by making adjustments for the ratio of plowed cropland. The shift from high to low concentrations suggests that diminishing sediment supply and dilution from greater base flow during the end of the rainfall period play important roles in characterizing changing sediment concentrations during the rainy season.
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Guzman, C. D., S. A. Tilahun, A. D. Zegeye, and T. S. Steenhuis. "Suspended sediment concentration – discharge relationships in the (sub) humid Ethiopian highlands." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 9, no. 7 (2012): 9011–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-9-9011-2012.

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Abstract. Loss of top soil and subsequent filling up of reservoirs in much of the lands with variable relief in developing countries degrades environmental resources necessary for subsistence. In the Ethiopia highlands, sediment mobilization from rain-fed agricultural fields is one of the leading factors causing land degradation. Sediment rating curves, produced from long-term sediment concentration and discharge data, attempt to predict suspended sediment concentration variations that exhibit a distinct shift with the progression of the rainy season. In this paper, we calculate sediment rating curves and examine this shift in concentration for three watersheds in which rain-fed agriculture is practiced to differing extents. High sediment concentrations with low flows are found in the beginning of the rainy season of the semi-monsoonal climate, while high flows and low sediment concentrations occur at the end of the rainy season. Results show that a reasonable unique set of rating curves were obtained by separating biweekly data into early, mid, and late rainfall periods and by making adjustments for the ratio of plowed cropland. The shift from high to low concentrations suggests that diminishing sediment supply and dilution from greater base flow during the end of the rainfall period play important roles in characterizing changing sediment concentrations during the rainy season.
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Ibarra, Daniel E., Jeremy K. Caves, Seulgi Moon, et al. "Differential weathering of basaltic and granitic catchments from concentration–discharge relationships." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 190 (October 2016): 265–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2016.07.006.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Concentration-discharge relationships"

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Tunqui, Neira José Manuel. "Revisiting the concentration-discharge (C-Q) relationships with high-frequency measurements." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS377.

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Les progrès technologiques récents permettent de mesurer à haute-fréquence les concentrations en ions dissous des eaux de rivières, sur de longues périodes. Ces nouvelles données, bien adaptées aux variations temporelles des débits, permettent aujourd'hui de préciser les liens entre les processus hydrologiques du bassin versant et la chimie du cours d'eau. Cependant, elles nécessitent le développement de méthodes adaptées. Cette thèse tente de répondre aux nouvelles questions qui se posent aujourd’hui: quels modèles et méthodes pouvons-nous utiliser pour exploiter les données haute-fréquences et comment transforment-elles notre connaissance de la qualité chimique des rivières ? Au cours de cette thèse, nous avons adapté différentes méthodes et méthodologies conçues à l'origine pour les données basse / moyenne fréquence et les avons appliquées au jeu de données haute-fréquence du River Lab de l'Observatoire Oracle-Orgeval (France). Pendant de nombreuses années, la taille des jeux de données concentrations-débits ayant été limitée, il était difficile d'analyser de manière détaillée la forme précise de la relation C-Q. Dans de nombreux cas, l’équation de puissance précédée d’une transformation logarithmique, semblait adequate. Aujourd’hui, toute la gamme des relations C-Q à haute-fréquance peut maintenant être incluse dans l'analyse. De cette dernière, comme alternative à la relation de puissance, nous proposons d’utiliser une transformation affine de puissance bilatérale. La séparation d’hydrogramme est peut-être l’un des plus anciens problèmes non résolus de l’hydrologie. Dans la thèse, nous avons utilisé conjointement les méthodes de séparation d’hydrogramme de type filtre numérique (RDF) et une équation de mélange à deux composantes basée sur le bilan de masse (MB). Le but etait d'identifier le paramètre du modèle RDF menant aux paramètres de l’équation de mélange les plus réalistes. Nous montrons que cette approche de couplage RDF-MB fonctionne avec un étalonnage spécifique et sur l'hypothèse simple de deux sources d’écoulement. Pour combiner la relation simple de puissance et le modèle de mélange, nous avons appliqué la transformation affine de puissance bilatérale aux deux composantes de l’équation de mélange, à l’aide d’une procédure d'identification multicritère. Le nouveau modèle combiné améliore considérablement, par rapport aux modèles de puissance et de mélange, la simulation des concentrations dans le cours d'eau. Enfin, nous avons développé une méthodologie pour identifier et quantifier les sources sur la seule base d’une analyse chimique. La nouvelle méthode développée au cours de la thèse, sans aucune hypothèse préalable sur la composition des sources potentielles, nous permet d'analyser la variabilité temporelle des sources chimiques et leur relation avec les différents régimes d'écoulement<br>Recent technological advances allow measuring high-frequency chemical concentrations in rivers over long periods. These new data sets, well adapted to the temporal variations of discharge, allows us today to specify the links between hydrological processes in catchments and the water stream chemistry. However, they require the development of adapted methods for data treatment. This thesis tries to answer to the following questions: which models and methods can we use to exploit high-frequency measurements and the way they are transforming our knowledge of the chemical water-quality? During the course of this thesis, we adapted different methods and methodologies originally designed for low / medium frequency data and applied then to high-frequency dataset of the River Lab of the Oracle-Orgeval observatory (France). For many years, since the size of the C-Q datasets was limited, it was difficult to analyse in much detail the precise shape of the C-Q relationship. In many cases, the power-law relationship appeared adequate, which explains its popularity, although many additions to the basic relation have been proposed to improve it. With the advent of high-frequency measuring devices, all the range of the relationship can now be included in the analysis. As a progressive alternative to the power law relationship and a log-log transformation, we propose to use a two-sided affine power scaling relationship. Hydrograph separation is perhaps one of the oldest unsolved problems of hydrology. In the thesis we aim to use jointly the Recursive Digital Filter (RDF) and Mass Balance (MB) methods in order to identify the RDF model parameter leading to the most realistic MB parameters. We show that a simple methodology proposed for the hydrograph separation (RDF-MB coupling approach) works, with a specific calibration and with the simple hypothesis of two sources of path flow. To combine the power-law relationship and the two-component mixing model, we applied the two-side affine power scaling relationship to the so-called base flow and quick flow (Cb and Cq) components, with a multicriterion identification procedure. The new combined model significantly improves, compared to power and mixing models, the simulation of stream river concentrations. Last, we develop a methodology for identifying and quantifying sources from a purely chemical point of view. The new method developed here, without any preliminary assumption on the composition of the potential sources, allows us analyzing the temporal variability of the end-member sources and their relationship to the different flow regimes
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Trostle, Kyle D., Runyon J. Ray, Michael A. Pohlmann, et al. "Colloids and organic matter complexation control trace metal concentration-discharge relationships in Marshall Gulch stream waters." AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622503.

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This study combined concentration-discharge analyses (filtration at 0.45 m), cascade filtrations (at 1.2, 0.4, and 0.025 m) and asymmetrical flow field flow fractionation (AF4) to probe the influence of colloidal carriers (dissolved organic matter and inorganic nanoparticles) on observed concentration-discharge relationships for trace metals in a 155 ha forested catchment of the Santa Catalina Mountains Critical Zone Observatory (SCM CZO), Arizona. Many major elements (Na, Mg, Si, K, Ca) show no colloidal influence, and concentration-discharge relationships for these species are explained by previous work. However, the majority of trace metals (Al, Ti, V, Mn, Fe, Cu, Y, REE, U) show at least some influence of colloids on chemistry when filtered at the standard 0.45 m cutoff. Concentration-discharge slopes of trace metals with modest colloidal influence are shallow (approximate to 0.3) similar to that measured for dissolved organic carbon (DOC, 0.24), whereas elements with greater colloidal influence have steeper concentration-discharge slopes approaching that of Al (0.76), the element with the largest colloidal influence in this study (on average 68%). These findings are further supported by AF4 measurements that show distinct and resolvable pools of low hydrodynamic diameter DOC-sized material coexistent with larger diameter inorganic colloids, and the ratio of these carriers changes systematically with discharge because the DOC pool has a concentration-discharge relationship with shallower slope than the inorganic colloidal pool. Together these data sets illustrate that positive concentration-discharge slopes of trace metals in stream waters may be explained as the relative partitioning of trace metals between DOC and inorganic colloids, with contributions of the latter likely increasing as a result of increased prevalence of macropore flow.
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Eludoyin, Adebayo Oluwole. "Modelling the hysteretic patterns of solute concentration-discharge relationships and their significance for hydrological pathways at the farm-scale." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/15374.

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Recent researches on the effects of environmental degradation on food security suggest that a better understanding of the relationship between agricultural intensification and pollutant transfer is urgently required to support the implementation of sustainable agricultural policies, globally. Poor understanding of the hydrological behaviour of clay-rich soils in intensively managed agricultural regions is highlighted as an important problem. The study therefore evaluated precipitation-soil water chemistry relationships, soil variability and concentration-discharge relationships at the farm-scale based on datasets from the North Wyke Farm Platform between 2011 and 2013. The three main hypothesis were that (1) precipitation and soil water chemistry are significantly related (2) significant relationships exists between the distribution of soil physiochemical characteristics and the managments of the fields, and that (3) hydrological behaviour of fields underlain by certain dominant soils in the study area are different from that of other fields. The basis of this work was to elucidate links between sources of pollutants and water quality, further understanding of the effect that management of the soil may have upon the quality of the water and improve understanding of the pathways of pollutants within intensively managed landscapes. Precipitation chemistry of the study area was chemically different from that of the other regions in the United Kingdom, and was influenced by contributions from sea salts and terrestrial dusts. The soil chemistry was rich in organic matter which contributed significantly (r2&gt;0.60; p&lt;0.05) to the distribution of total carbon and total nitrogen in the fields. Mean total carbon and nitrogen stocks ranged 32.4 - 54.1 t C ha-1, and 4 - 6.2 t Na ha-1, respectively in the entire farm platform while runoff coefficient at four selected fields (Pecketsford, Burrows, Middle and Higher Wyke Moor, and Longlands East) varied between 0.1 and 0.28 in January and November, 2013. The study rejected the first and third hypotheses, and concluded that the study area is largely influenced by contributions from the surface runoff mechanisms. The study also noted that sodium and chloride ions were dominant in the precipitation chemistry, and therefore suggests their further investigation as conservative tracers in the soil and runoff chemistry.
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Book chapters on the topic "Concentration-discharge relationships"

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Ehara, Yoshiyasu, Daiki Yagishita, Toshiaki Yamamoto, Akinori Zukeran, and Koji Yasumoto. "Relationship between Discharge Electrode Geometry and Ozone Concentration in Electrostatic Precipitator." In Electrostatic Precipitation. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89251-9_139.

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Sepahvand, Mehdi. "Perspective Chapter: Technical and Economic Analysis of Reverse Osmosis Desalination System." In Desalination - Ecological Consequences. IntechOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.110002.

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Economic thermodynamic analysis is a branch of engineering science that is derived from economic laws. The goal of economic thermodynamic analysis of systems is the lowest price. Price calculation in a system includes the following steps: Determining the actual price of products. Provide a reasonable way to price products. Providing information on which calculations are made. The overall investment cost of a project includes fixed investment costs, including the costs related to the purchase of land, the construction of the necessary facilities and equipment, and the purchase and installation of machinery, as well as the initial costs related to the investment, including a series of other side costs. It is possible that their relationships and the percentage of their allocated costs in the project are explained separately and finally the estimation equations of each part of the power plant cycle as well as the economic modeling of the RO system and the effective input parameters such as the input salt concentration, discharge Feeding and input water, ambient pressure, number and type of membrane, etc. are stated along with their relationships. Finally, a RO system design flowchart and how to solve its algorithm are explained in detail.
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Conference papers on the topic "Concentration-discharge relationships"

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Warix, Sara, Elanor Heil, Alexis Navarre-Sitchler, and Kamini Singha. "Concentration-discharge and mass flux relationships in two alpine headwater catchments." In Goldschmidt2021. European Association of Geochemistry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7185/gold2021.6224.

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López Urzúa, Sofía, Madeleine Mathews, Christophe Hissler, and Louis Derry. "Disentangling concentration-discharge relationships during a flood event using a multi-isotope approach." In Goldschmidt2023. European Association of Geochemistry, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.7185/gold2023.19876.

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Ferry, Veronica, Dakota Little, Mason Shaw, Ichtaca Chihuapilli, and J. P. Gannon. "RELATING VARIATIONS IN SOIL COMPOSITION TO CONCENTRATION-DISCHARGE RELATIONSHIPS IN A DISTURBED HEADWATER CATCHMENT." In 68th Annual GSA Southeastern Section Meeting - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019se-326669.

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Ferry, Veronica, Dakota Little, and J. P. Gannon. "CONCENTRATION-DISCHARGE RELATIONSHIPS HIGHLIGHT DIFFERENCES IN STREAMFLOW GENERATION BETWEEN TWO TRIBUTARIES IN A HEADWATER CATCHMENT." In 67th Annual Southeastern GSA Section Meeting - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018se-312496.

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Stops, Marvin Wes, Pamela L. Sullivan, G. L. Macpherson, and Walter K. Dodds. "ELUCIDATING THE IMPACT OF LAND COVER AND CLIMATE CHANGE ON CONCENTRATION-DISCHARGE RELATIONSHIPS IN EPIKARST WATERSHEDS." In GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-285534.

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Cordner, Cameron P., Gregory T. Carling, Diego P. Fernandez, et al. "CONCENTRATION-DISCHARGE RELATIONSHIPS REVEAL TRENDS IN GEOGENIC CONTAMINANT INPUT TO THE UPPER PROVO RIVER, UTAH, USA." In GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-321879.

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Diaz, Melisa A., Sarah K. Fortner, and W. Berry Lyons. "LAND MANAGEMENT IMPACTS ON HYDROLOGY, YIELDS, AND CONCENTRATION VS. DISCHARGE RELATIONSHIPS IN SMALL, UNGLACIATED, CENTRAL OHIO WATERSHEDS." In GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-285174.

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Wang, Jiaxin, Liuguo Zhang, Jingyuan Qu, and Guohua Wu. "Discussion of Water Quality Factors Affecting 137Cs Adsorption and the Relationship Between 137Cs-Kd and Flow Rate in Freshwater." In 2020 International Conference on Nuclear Engineering collocated with the ASME 2020 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone2020-16248.

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Abstract The discharge water of Inland Nuclear Power Plant (INPP) is freshwater. Freshwater has a lower environment capacity and more complex environmental impacts comparing with the salt water (oceans), which makes the public more sensitive and stricter. 137Cs, with a long half-life of 30.17 years, is likely to exist as particle form in freshwater, which increases the difficulty to be removed and also becomes a long-term potential radiation hazard. The factors affecting the behavior of 137Cs in freshwater could be divided into water quality factors and hydraulic factors. For water quality factors, the paper summarizes factors that have significantly influence on the adsorption of 137Cs: size and concentration of suspended particles, competing cations, pH, concentration of organic matters and another two environmental factors, time and extreme meteorological events such as floods, heavy rain. We describe the qualitative relationship that tells how the factors take effect on adsorption process. In terms of hydraulic factors, this paper focuses on a representative factor, flow rate, and takes the original measured distribution factor (137Cs-Kd) and flow rate data of 9 freshwaters from Asia and Europe for analysis. The study finds that there are two segmented index relationships between 137Cs-Kd and flow rate above the threshold of 1 m3/s, the experiences of other five rivers that had not participated in data fitting verify the accuracy and generic character of the index relationships. The qualitative summary of water quality factors and the quantitative conclusions between 137Cs-Kd and flow rate can provide advice for evaluating the behavior of 137Cs in freshwater, and then help in the site selection process for INPP.
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Jayaprakash, Arvind, Sowmitra Singh, and Georges Chahine. "Bubble Dynamics in a Two-Phase Bubbly Mixture." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-40509.

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The dynamics of a primary relatively large bubble in a water mixture including very fine bubbles is investigated experimentally and the results are provided to several parallel on-going analytical and numerical approaches. The main/primary bubble is produced by an underwater spark discharge from two concentric electrodes placed in the bubbly medium, which is generated using electrolysis. A grid of thin perpendicular wires is used to generate bubble distributions of varying intensities. The size of the main bubble is controlled by the discharge voltage, the capacitors size, and the pressure imposed in the container. The size and concentration of the fine bubbles can be controlled by the electrolysis voltage, the length, diameter, and type of the wires, and also by the pressure imposed in the container. This enables parametric study of the factors controlling the dynamics of the primary bubble and development of relationships between the bubble characteristic quantities such as maximum bubble radius and bubble period and the characteristics of the surrounding two-phase medium: micro bubble sizes and void fraction. The dynamics of the main bubble and the mixture is observed using high speed video photography. The void fraction/density of the bubbly mixture in the fluid domain is measured as a function of time and space using image analysis of the high speed movies. The interaction between the primary bubble and the bubbly medium is analyzed using both field pressure measurements and high-speed videography. Parameters such as the primary bubble energy and the bubble mixture density (void fraction) are varied, and their effects studied. The experimental data is then compared to simple compressible equations employed for spherical bubbles including a modified Gilmore Equation. Suggestions for improvement of the modeling are then presented.
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Samanta, Anupam, and Ritima Das. "Evaluation of the concentration-discharge relationship for the Brahmaputra river." In Goldschmidt2021. European Association of Geochemistry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7185/gold2021.7439.

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Reports on the topic "Concentration-discharge relationships"

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Sartain, Bradley, Erika Haug, Kurt Getsinger, Benjamin Sperry, Mark Heilman, and Mike Greer. Small plot applications of florpyrauxifen–benzyl (Procellacor SC™) for control of monoecious hydrilla in Roanoke Rapids Lake, NC. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/47115.

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Four demonstration plots were selected at Roanoke Rapids Lake, NC to evaluate water exchange and aqueous herbicide residues in stands of submersed aquatic vegetation (SAV) following treatment with rhodamine wt dye and florpyrauxifen-benzyl to control monecious hydrilla. Florpyrauxifen-benzyl (Procellacor™ SC) was applied in combination with Rhodamine WT (RWT) at two of the plots. Dye measurements and herbicide residue samples were collected at specific time intervals to draw comparisons between herbicide and RWT dye dissipation. The two additional plots served as reference plots to the treatment plots. Pre- and post-treatment vegetation surveys were conducted to evaluate monoecious hydrilla control and non-target species response. RWT dye and herbicide residue data indicated rapid water exchange was occurring with each treatment plot. As a result, florpyrauxifen-benzyl concentration and exposure times (CETs) towards monoecious hydrilla were not sufficient to achieve adequate control by 4 weeks after treatment (WAT). To reduce the impact of hydraulic complexity and improve herbicide efficacy, treatments should coincide with minimal reservoir discharge events to extend herbicide CET relationships. Evaluations of florpyrauxifen-benzyl on late season, mature plants may have impacted herbicide efficacy. Evaluations should be conducted earlier in the growing season, on young, actively growing plants, to discern potential differences in efficacy due to treatment timing and phenology. More information on herbicide concentration and exposure time relationships for monoecious hydrilla should be developed in growth chamber and mesocosm settings to improve species selective management of monoecious hydrilla in hydrodynamic reservoirs.
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