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Books on the topic 'Concentration gradients'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

L, Tracy Linda, Wilson William K, and United States. Forest Service. Northern Research Station, eds. Chloride concentration gradients in tank-stored hydraulic fracturing fluids following flowback. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 2011.

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2

Stewart, Renée. Ontogenetic changes in dietary and tissue metal concentration in wild yellow perch (Perca flavescens) from a metal contamination gradient. Sudbury, Ont: Laurentian University, 2003.

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3

United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Fugacity and concentration gradients in a gravity field. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1986.

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4

Immobilized pH Gradients: Theory and Methodology. Elsevier Science Publishing Company, 1990.

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5

T, Chai A., Sun D. J, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Convective flows in enclosures with vertical temperature or concentration gradients. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1989.

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6

An-Ti, Chai, Sun D. J, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Convective flows in enclosures with vertical temperature or concentration gradients. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1989.

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7

Narayanan, Ramachandran, and George C. Marshall Space Flight Center., eds. A photometric technique for determining fluid concentration using consumer-grade hardware. [Marshall Space Flight Center, Ala.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Marshall Space Flight Center, 1999.

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8

Williams, M. G., and P. J. Stopford. The Influence of Concentration Gradients Across the Outlets of a Gas Centrifuge. AEA Technology Plc, 1986.

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9

Moore, Kathryn Jean. Combined concentration gradients of neurotrophic factors act in synergy to guide neurite outgrowth. 2004.

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10

Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopic characterization of homogeneous solution concentration gradients near a container wall at different temperatures. Huntsville, AL: Dept. of Chemistry, the University of Alabama in Huntsville, 1991.

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11

Mast, Christof, Friederike Möller, Moritz Kreysing, Severin Schink, Benedikt Obermayer, Ulrich Gerland, and Dieter Braun. Toward living nanomachines. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199674923.003.0039.

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How does inanimate matter become transformed into animate matter? Living systems evolve by replication and selection at the molecular level and this chapter considers how to establish a synthetic, minimal system that can support molecular evolution and thus life. Molecular evolution cannot be explained by starting with high concentrations of activated chemicals that react toward their chemical equilibrium; persistent non-equilibria are required to maintain continuous reactivity and we especially consider thermal gradients as an early driving force for Darwinian molecular evolution. The tempera

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12

Cao, Xudong. Defining a neurotrophic factor concentration gradient to guide neurite outgrowth. 2002.

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13

Biddiss, Elaine. Experimental and numerical development of an electrokinetic micro-mixer and a concentration gradient generator using surface charge patterning. 2004.

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14

Hendrickx, Jan F. A., André van Zundert, and Andre De Wolf. Inhaled anaesthetics. Edited by Michel M. R. F. Struys. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642045.003.0014.

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Inhaled anaesthetic drugs are administered via the lungs to provide ‘general anaesthesia’. They are considered complete anaesthetics because they in and by themselves can in most patients ensure all clinical end-points that are required for ‘general anaesthesia’ (unconsciousness, immobility, and haemodynamic stability). The dose–response curve of each clinical end-point is conveniently defined by its mid-point, the end-expired concentration Fa that ensures response suppression in 50 % of the patients (MACawake, MAC, and MACBAR). By understanding the dose–response curves and the factors that in

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15

Himmelfarb, Jonathan. Haemodialysis. Edited by Jonathan Himmelfarb. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0255.

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This chapter provides an overview of haemodialysis, a medical procedure where the blood volume circulates extracorporeally through a dialysis membrane and is returned to the patient via the vasculature, during which time there is diffusion of molecules in solution along an electrochemical concentration gradient. In clinical haemodialysis, the semipermeable dialysis membrane separates the blood from a solution of prescribed electrolyte composition known as the dialysate. The use of long-term dialysis for treatment of irreversible kidney failure and amelioration of the uraemic syndrome dates bac

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16

Joynt, Gavin M., and Gordon Y. S. Choi. Blood gas analysis in the critically ill. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0072.

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Arterial blood gases allow the assessment of patient oxygenation, ventilation, and acid-base status. Blood gas machines directly measure pH, and the partial pressures of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) and oxygen (PaO2) dissolved in arterial blood. Oxygenation is assessed by measuring PaO2 and arterial blood oxygen saturation (SaO2) in the context of the inspired oxygen and haemoglobin concentration, and the oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve. Causes of arterial hypoxaemia may often be elucidated by determining the alveolar–arterial oxygen gradient. Ventilation is assessed by measuring the PaCO2 in the

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