Books: 'Concentration technique'

1

M, Lyne Patricia, and Grange John M, eds. minimum inhibitory concentration Collins and Lyne's microbiological methods. 7th ed. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1995.

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2

Kaupert, Kevin A. A unique light extinction calibration technique for particle concentrations in dusty gas flows. [Downsview, Ont.]: University of Toronto, 1992.

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3

Pressac, Jean-Claude. Auschwitz: Technique and operation of the gas chambers. New York, N.Y: Beate Klarsfeld Foundation, 1989.

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4

Leuchter, Fred A. The fourth Leuchter report: An engineering evaluation of Jean-Claude Pressac's book "Auschwitz: technique and operation of the gas chambers". Boston, Mass: Fred A. Leuchter Associates, Inc., 1991.

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5

Yogananda. Praecepta book: Physical perfection by will or tissue-will system of body and mind perfection and highest technique of concentration and meditation. Dallas, Tex: Amrita Foundation, Inc., 1993.

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6

Kaupert, Kevin A. A unique light extinction calibration technique for particle concentrations in dusty gas flows. Ottawa: National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1993.

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7

L, Gerbarg Patricia, ed. The healing power of the breath: Simple techniques to reduce stress and anxiety, enhance concentration, and balance your emotions. Boston, Mass: Trumpeter, 2012.

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8

Driver, Nancy E. Techniques for estimation of storm-runoff loads, volumes, and selected constituent concentrations in urban watersheds in the United States. Washington, DC: Dept. of the Interior, 1990.

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9

Driver, Nancy E. Techniques for estimation of storm-runoff loads, volumes, and selected constituent concentrations in urban watersheds in the United States. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1990.

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10

Koltun, G. F. Influence of size-fractioning techniques on concentrations of selected trace metals in bottom materials from two streams in northeastern Ohio. Columbus, Ohio: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey, 1986.

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11

Wiese, Bjorn. Bioanalysis of benzylpenicillin: Determinations of low drug concentrations in milk, plasma and lymph by digital subtraction chromatography : a new technique to reduce disturbances from interfering substances. Uppsala: Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet, 1989.

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12

Malo, Eric. Les Camps d'internement du Midi de la France, 1939-1944: Livre de l'exposition réalisée par la Bibliothèque municipale de Toulouse et le Service techniques de communication de la Ville de Toulouse. Toulouse: Bibliothèque municipale de Toulouse, 1990.

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13

Anderson, James G. Development of techniques for the In Situ observation of OH and HO₂ for studies of the impact of high-altitude supersonic aircraft on the stratosphere: Final technical report, August 1, 1990-July 31, 1993. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1994.

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14

Gedenkstätten, Stiftung Niedersächsische, ed. AugenZeugen: Fotos, Filme und Zeitzeugenberichte in der neuen Dauerausstellung der Gedenkstätte Bergen-Belsen : Hintergrund und Kontext. [Celle]: Stiftung niedersächsische Gedenkstätten, 2007.

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15

Narayanan, Ramachandran, and George C. Marshall Space Flight Center., eds. A photometric technique for determining fluid concentration using consumer-grade hardware. [Marshall Space Flight Center, Ala.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Marshall Space Flight Center, 1999.

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16

Chowdhury, Zaid K. Particle Count Method Development for Concentration Standards and Sample Stabilization. Amer Water Works Assn, 1999.

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17

A new insitu technique for measuring the concentration of lubricant on a boiling heat transfer surface. Gaithersrburg, MD: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Technology Administration, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1998.

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18

J, Bruno Thomas, O'Neill M. B, National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.), and United States. Dept. of Energy., eds. A new insitu technique for measuring the concentration of lubricant on a boiling heat transfer surface. Gaithersrburg, MD: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Technology Administration, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1998.

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19

J, Bruno Thomas, O'Neill M. B, National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.), and United States. Dept. of Energy, eds. A new insitu technique for measuring the concentration of lubricant on a boiling heat transfer surface. Gaithersrburg, MD: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Technology Administration, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1998.

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20

A new insitu technique for measuring the concentration of lubricant on a boiling heat transfer surface. Gaithersrburg, MD: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Technology Administration, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1998.

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21

Hofmann, Christiane, and Roland Gesselhart. Entrainez votre mémoire: Techniques de concentration et de mémorisation. IXELLES, 2012.

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22

Tulku, Tarthang. Joy of Being: Advanced Kum Nye Practices for Relaxation, Integration, and Concentration. Dharma Publishing, 2016.

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23

Sia, Alex Tiong Heng, Ban Leong Sng, and Serene Leo. Maintenance of neuraxial labour analgesia. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198713333.003.0015.

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Labour pain may be treated with epidural analgesia providing effective pain relief with no maternal sedation to allow maternal participation in the labouring process. Epidural analgesia is commonly initiated using an epidural or combined spinal–epidural technique. Most epidural maintenance regimens would include a long-acting amide anaesthetic in low concentration together with a lipophilic opioid to maximize analgesia whilst reducing motor blockade. With the advent of advanced infusion delivery systems, maintenance of epidural analgesia may be individualized through the use of patient-controlled epidural analgesia systems. Patient self-administered bolus is used as a feedback to increase local anaesthetic use when labour pain intensifies. Recent developments in pump technology and innovations have enabled novel epidural delivery systems such as automated mandatory boluses, variable frequency automated mandatory boluses, and computer integrated patient controlled epidural analgesia.

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24

Journals, Mindful. Mindfulness Thoughts Notebook: Record Duration, Quotes, Thoughts, Moods, Benefits, Techniques and Concentration levels of Meditation. Independently published, 2019.

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25

Lattman, Eaton E., Thomas D. Grant, and Edward H. Snell. Making the Best Use of Beamtime. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199670871.003.0006.

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Extracting information from scattering data is very sensitive to the quality of the data. In this chapter data quality characterization is described, including initial data processing procedures to alert the user to potential data quality issues. Accurate buffer subtraction is crucial for correct modeling and analysis of SAS data, and mechanisms for identifying buffer subtraction errors are discussed. Examining SAS parameters such as a function of concentration or exposure is very useful for identifying concentration dependent artifacts or radiation damage that, if unnoticed, can be very detrimental to further analysis, including misinterpreting the results and drawing erroneous conclusions. SAS is often used for analyzing flexible molecules in solution that may be difficult to study with other structural techniques. Qualitative and quantitative assessments of flexibility are described.

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26

Lattman, Eaton E., Thomas D. Grant, and Edward H. Snell. Before the Beamtime. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199670871.003.0005.

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This chapter describes preparation before collecting solution scattering data. SAXS requires a sample concentration similar to that typically used for crystallization, and a volume on the order of tens of μ‎l. SANS can require an order of magnitude more than this. The sample should be well characterized, and free from impurities. Standard laboratory techniques are suitable for characterization. Buffer choice and accurate matching is a component of experimental success and after sample preparation is the next most critical step. The sample should be monodisperse, stable, and well characterized.

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27

D, Tasker Gary, and Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. Techniques for estimation of storm-runoff loads, volumes, and selected constituent concentrations in urban watersheds in the United States. Denver, Colo: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1988.

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28

Soar, Jasmeet, and Jerry P. Nolan. Artificial ventilation in cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0060.

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When cardiac arrest occurs, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) should be started with chest compressions first. The use of ventilations is determined by the training of rescuers, their ability and willingness to provide rescue breaths, patient characteristics, and the underlying cause of the cardiac arrest. Trained rescuers should give two ventilations after every 30 compressions, or once the airway is secured with a tracheal tube, ventilate the patient at 10 breaths/min without any pause in chest compressions. Rescuers who are unable or unwilling to provide effective ventilation, while awaiting expert help should use compression-only CPR. Ventilations are needed for the treatment of cardiac arrest in children, when arrest is from a primary respiratory cause, or during a prolonged cardiac arrest. Choice of ventilation technique depends on rescuer skills and the airway used. Effective oxygenation and ventilation can be maintained during CPR with a tidal volume of approximately 500 mL given over an inspiratory time of 1 second. Rescuers should give supplemental oxygen in as high a concentration as possible during CPR in order to rapidly correct tissue hypoxia. Once restoration of a spontaneous circulation has been achieved the inspired oxygen should be adjusted to maintain oxygen saturation between 94 and 98%.

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29

Lattman, Eaton E., Thomas D. Grant, and Edward H. Snell. Distinct Instrumental Approaches to SAXS. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199670871.003.0010.

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There are more specialized applications of SAXS and SANS which require specific experimental considerations. This chapter covers size exclusion chromatography which has proven to be useful to study both soluble and membrane bound proteins allowing the study of samples that show time and concentration dependent dynamics. It also describes iime-resolved techniques for SAXS and in a few cases, SANS. Finally, with improved X-ray sources, detectors, sample handling, and compute power, the ability to perform SAXS data in high-throughput is available. This is discussed in enabling the use of SAXS to study protein interactions, map macromolecular conformation, and rapidly characterize samples amongst other applications.

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30

Kalantzakos, Sophia. What Are Rare Earths? Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190670931.003.0003.

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Rare earths are seventeen elements essential for hundreds of applications in renewables, high-tech, and defense. They include the family of lanthanide elements, as well as yttrium and scandium, and are divided into two main categories: light and heavy. They are called “rare” because of the low concentrations in which they are found and because it is difficult to mine and process them. This chapter catalogues a range of their most important uses for different industries and provides an overview of processing techniques and the serious environmental risks that accompany them. Finally, it examines the possibilities and limitations of recycling and substitution.

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31

Marvin, Price D., and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Optimization techniques applied to passive measures for in-orbit spacecraft survivability. [Washington, DC?: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1988.

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32

United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Optimization techniques applied to passive measures for in-orbit spacecraft survivability. Huntsville, AL: SAIC, 1991.

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33

Harrison, John Henry, and Magdalena Anitescu. Neuraxial Anesthesia in Coexisting Neurologic Conditions. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190271787.003.0041.

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Some patients who need surgery may have coexisting neurologic disorders like multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, peripheral neuropathies (e.g., Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease or Guillain-Barré syndrome), or muscular dystrophies (e.g., Duchenne’s or myotonic dystrophy). When neuraxial analgesia and anesthesia are indicated, the anesthesiologist should be aware of the risks and benefits of the technique. Neuraxial anesthesia is not absolutely contraindicated in nervous system diseases and there are undeniable benefits to ruling out general anesthesia. In patients with coexisting neurologic disorders, prolonged sensory and motor block can be confused with epidural hematoma and abscess when present. Minor nerve injury from local anesthetic cytotoxicity or ischemia and mechanical trauma may cause permanent nerve injury through the double crush phenomenon. Lower concentrations of local anesthetics are generally recommended.

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34

Thomas, Francis G., and Gunter Henze. Introduction to Voltammetric Analysis. CSIRO Publishing, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643101135.

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Voltammetric methods are among the most sensitive and versatile available to the analytical chemist. They can identify and quantify substances from simple metal ions, through to complex organic molecules. The concentration range spans 9 orders of magnitude and, in many cases, trace level analyses of surface waters and body fluids can be performed with little or no pre-treatment of the sample is required. In this text the basic concepts and principles are presented in an easy-to-read manner. Practical aspects are discussed and an overview of the electrochemistry of the elements and of organic functional groups is interspersed with 27 tested applications described in detail. The techniques covered expand its application out into other disciplines apart from chemistry, such as botany, zoology and soil science.

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35

Cooper, William T. Capturing the Essence. CSIRO Publishing, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643103382.

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Capturing the Essence is a step-by-step personal guide – by one of Australia's greatest living bird artists – to observing, retaining the essential information and then painting birds from field notes and sketches, photographs and other field observations. The author takes the reader through the processes involved in oil painting, watercolour and acrylic techniques, and a piece of art is built up in stages to demonstrate the skills required in each of these media. While the book covers some of the general basics relevant to various kinds of painting of natural history subjects, the concentration is very much on birds. Painting or drawing any subject well, gives great satisfaction. In this book the author hopes to help the reader become competent at drawing and painting birds, or at least to enjoy trying!

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36

J, Helba Michael, Hill Janeil B, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Optimization techniques applied to passive measures for in-orbit spacecraft survivability: Final report. Huntsville. Ala: Science Applications International Corporation, 1992.

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37

Optimization techniques applied to passive measures for in-orbit spacecraft survivability: Final report. Huntsville. Ala: Science Applications International Corporation, 1992.

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38

Hendriks, Herman G. D., and Joost T. M. de Wolf. Haematological and coagulation disorders and anaesthesia. Edited by Philip M. Hopkins. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642045.003.0084.

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This chapter covers the principal haematological disorders and their implications for anaesthesia. Haemoglobin concentration is the main determinant of oxygen delivery to the tissues making anaemia a potential concern for the anaesthetist. In deciding whether to correct anaemia with a red blood cell transfusion, the anaesthetist must consider the nature of the surgery and the underling cause of the anaemia as well as the haemoglobin concentration. Techniques to limit the need for blood transfusion and the complications of transfusion are discussed. Perfect haemostasis means control of bleeding without the occurrence of thrombotic events. Coagulation management requires an understanding of this balance and the knowledge that altered coagulation activity may result in clinically relevant bleeding or, in contrast, thrombosis. Therefore, the key in haemostasis is an understanding that every anticoagulant action enhances the risk of bleeding and every procoagulant action enhances the risk of thrombosis. If a specific defect in the haemostatic system is known, treatment is tailored to restore this defect. However, tests to predict surgical bleeding do not exist, as it is for test to predict thrombotic events. The strengths and limitations of coagulation tests should be appreciated before they are used to assist clinical decision-making in the perioperative period. An excellent coagulation test is the clinical field (i.e. the surgical wound). If there are abnormalities in the coagulation tests without clinical bleeding, a correction is hardly necessary. In patients taking anticoagulant medication, consideration must be given on an individual patient basis, to the relative risks of continuing (bleeding) or stopping (thrombotic events) the medication.

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39

Arnold, Monica M., Lauren M. Burgeno, and Paul E. M. Phillips. Fast-Scan Cyclic Voltammetry in Behaving Animals. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199939800.003.0005.

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Gaining insight into the mechanisms by which neural transmission governs behavior remains a central goal of behavioral neuroscience. Multiple applications exist for monitoring neurotransmission during behavior, including fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV). This technique is an electrochemical detection method that can be used to monitor subsecond changes in concentrations of electroactive molecules such as neurotransmitters. In this technique, a triangular waveform voltage is applied to a carbon fiber electrode implanted into a selected brain region. During each waveform application, specific molecules in the vicinity of the electrode will undergo electrolysis and produce a current, which can be detected by the electrode. In order to monitor subsecond changes in neurotransmitter release, waveform application is repeated every 100 ms, yielding a 10 Hz sampling rate. This chapter describes the fundamental principles behind FSCV and the basic instrumentation required, using as an example system the detection of in vivo phasic dopamine changes in freely-moving animals over the course of long-term experiments. We explain step-by-step, how to construct and surgically implant a carbon fiber electrode that can readily detect phasic neurotransmitter fluctuations and that remains sensitive over multiple recordings across months. Also included are the basic steps for recording FSCV during behavioral experiments and how to process voltammetric data in which signaling is time-locked to behavioral events of interest. Together, information in this chapter provides a foundation of FSCV theory and practice that can be applied to the assembly of an FSCV system and execution of in vivo experiments.

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40

Mundy, Anthony, and Daniela Andrich. Principles of reconstructive urology. Edited by Anthony R. Mundy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199659579.003.0047.

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Here we give a brief overview of the development of reconstructive urology and of the types of clinical conditions for which it is appropriate. We introduce the fundamental surgical approaches to the repair or replacement of the ureter, bladder, and urethra and describe the anatomical and pathophysiological principles of the use of grafts and flaps of various types to achieve these goals – concentrating particularly on oral mucosal grafts and skin flaps for the urethra, intestinal flaps for the bladder and ‘bridging’ techniques for the ureter. The general principles of reconstructing the ureter or urethra are similar. One either finds a way of bridging a gap between the two ends of healthy ureter or urethra on either side of the area of pathology, or finds a way of replacing the affected segment, or of augmenting its calibre if part of the circumference is healthy enough for it to be worth preserving.

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41

Touber, Jetze. Introduction: Spinoza and Biblical Philology in the Dutch Republic. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805007.003.0001.

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The introductory chapter sketches the broad developments in Early Modern philology, essential for appreciating Spinoza’s biblical criticism, set against the background of seventeenth-century Dutch society. A historiographical discussion outlines the interfaces between Spinoza’s biblical criticism, Early Modern hermeneutics, and Dutch Reformed theology and ecclesiology. A methodological section introduces the reader to two key concepts: ‘philology’ and ‘scripturarianism’. ‘Philology’ is used to refer to a set of techniques employed to understand the literal wording of ancient texts in their historical contexts: textual criticism, language studies, and historical contextualization, including antiquarianism and chronology. The word ‘scripturarianism’ denotes the continuation of a humanist programme of philological investigation of the Bible in the later seventeenth century, a programme that was increasingly controversial. Concentrating on these aspects in biblical interpretation, seventeenth-century debates regain a measure of complexity that currently threatens to be lost because of a one-sided fascination for rationalist philosophy.

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42

Mat Zin, Rosliza. Case Studies in Management and Business (Volume 2). Edited by Rosliza Mat Zin. UUM Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/9789670876290.

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IMBRe is pleased to extend this book which features a compilation of business management case studies.The aims of this second volume of Case Studies in Management and Business remain unchanged from the first volume.Realizing the importance of using case study as one of the student-centered learning approach, this book is designed to enhance learning and teaching activities by providing a collection of teaching cases which could be used both for the undergraduate and postgraduate levels.This book includes relatively wide scope of work includes marketing, business policy, IT and Islamic finance. However the field is still in the field of management in general.The target audience is an academician and management students.In general, this book meets the scope of management.It is also suitable for an academician and students, but may not be appropriate in using for certain course, because of its scope is geared to specific disciplines. This book has the potential, especially if the university lecturers took it to be discussed in their classes.There is least amount of case use Malaysia environment in the market.The cases highlighted also are unique and not similar to the other cases.Furthermore, this book is using a real case in the beginning, especially in our country.In addition, this book is accompanied by teaching notes for each case.These teaching notes are available to instructors only.First to fifth case is ongoing for all cases involving the issue of whether the marketing or the service industry. The second and third cases involving issues on marketing in the nutritional industry. Consequently the third to fifth case involves a service industry that highlight on a unique issues within the companies concerned. The sixth case issues on muamalat are not so related to other cases.Since each case is developed by different authors, writing style and technique seem different and may disturb the concentration of the readers.The needs for local and contextual business case studies motivate most of the local case writers to write and compile teaching cases that are interesting and relevant to contemporary business situations and decisions, particularly in Malaysia.

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43

Raitz, Karl. Bourbon's Backroads. University Press of Kentucky, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813178424.001.0001.

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Part I of this book is a geographic history of Kentucky’s distilling industry, focusing on the nineteenth century. Kentucky distillers have produced alcohol spirits, bourbon, and rye whiskeys for more than two centuries. This part examines the change from craft distilling practiced by farmers and millers to large-scale industrial distilling using mechanized processes and refined production techniques. Some distillers relocated their works away from traditional sites along creeks to rail-side sites, whether in the countryside or in towns. The changeover to commercial-scale distilling was accompanied by increasing government taxation and oversight controls. Mechanized distilleries readily expanded production and increased their demand for labor, grains, cooperage, and copper stills. Improved transportation allowed distillers to obtain grains and equipment from more distant sources, while also allowing them to distribute their products to national and international markets. A by-product of industrial production was spent grains, or slop,which was disposed of primarily by feeding it to livestock. The nineteenth-century temperance movement eventually led to national Prohibition, which was in effect from 1920 to 1933. A small number of distillers survived by making medicinal whiskey. Part II consists of three chapters that outline the concentration of industrial distilling in the Inner and Outer Bluegrass regions as well as in Ohio Valley cities.

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44

White, P. Lewis, and Rosemary A. Barnes. Molecular diagnosis of fungal disease. Edited by Christopher C. Kibbler, Richard Barton, Neil A. R. Gow, Susan Howell, Donna M. MacCallum, and Rohini J. Manuel. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198755388.003.0043.

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Molecular techniques to aid in the diagnosis of fungal disease have been in use for over two decades. However, for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to gain widespread acceptance outside of specialist centres, methodology must be standardized and in line with general microbiological molecular diagnostics assays, yet for infections other than fungal disease. Apart from Aspergillus PCR, standardized methodology is lacking. It is also essential to identify the optimal role for an assay. Whether this is to confirm a specific disease in symptomatic patients or to exclude disease and prevent the unnecessary use of antifungals will, in part, be determined by prevalence, but will also, along with the disease manifestation, dictate specimen choice and subsequent methodological procedure. This chapter will focus on disease processes determining optimal sample types, before concentrating on the clinical validation of molecular tests for the diagnosis of the main causes of invasive fungal disease, concluding with recent developments. The clinical utility of molecular approaches and potential future benefits that can address emerging issues, such as azole resistance, will also be discussed.

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45

Laws, Edward R., Whitney W. Woodmansee, and Jay S. Loeffler. Pituitary tumours. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199651870.003.0018.

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Pituitary tumours are common, usually benign, lesions ordinarily well controlled by multidisciplinary management. The several subtypes of pituitary tumours reflect the hormones produced by the pituitary gland, and each may require a complex sequential programme of treatment. Modern laboratory evaluation and imaging is capable of extensively characterizing the tumours, and is the basis for the recommended therapies. The tumours that produce excess active levels of pituitary hormones may be amenable to very satisfactory medical therapy, which reduces hormone levels towards normal, and often causes shrinkage of the tumour. Surgical management is appropriate for tumours that are not producing excess hormones but by nature of their bulk can compress the optic nerves and cause visual loss. These tumours respond well to surgical management, which is usually done using the transnasal, transsphenoidal route of access. Patients with persistent or recurrent tumours and persistent hormonal excess can be effectively treated with modern techniques of radiation therapy. A multidisciplinary approach with specialists from different fields concentrating on the patient and the problem offers a comprehensive and effective solution for most patients with pituitary disorders.

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46

United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Development of techniques for the In Situ observation of OH and HO₂ for studies of the impact of high-altitude supersonic aircraft on the stratosphere: Final technical report, August 1, 1990-July 31, 1993. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1994.

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47

McMullen, James, ed. Murasaki Shikibu's The Tale of Genji. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190654979.001.0001.

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Abstract The Tale of Genji, written by a Murasaki Shikibu, a female courtier commonly celebrated as a genius, is the greatest work of Japanese literature and has fascinated readers for more than a millennium. It depicts a court life of great sophistication over four generations, concentrating on the ascendancy of a gifted son of an emperor and his relationships with numerous women. Its psychological depth and brilliant narrative technique have astounded critics and general readers alike. Outside Japan, however, little attention has been paid to the philosophical assumptions underpinning this compelling masterpiece. The present volume contains eight essays by scholars of classical Japanese literature, which explore the assumptions and beliefs concerning human experience and its literary presentation that inform the narrative. An introduction sets the historical scene. Successive chapters analyze aspects of the work that are fundamental to its understanding of its own world and, at the same time, resonate with preoccupations of the twenty-first century reading public. The first group of three essays addresses the nature of political power and its relationship with mythology, the concept of time and space and the influence of China, and the construction of moral personhood that enables men to engage in multiple love affairs. Three essays describe the important cultural practices of poetry, calligraphy, and garden- making. Two concluding essays explore the concept of gender that facilitated the creation of the work by a female author in a society which disprivileged women and the pervasive influence of Buddhism on both the work itself and how it has been understood in Japan.

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48

Björk, Tomas. Arbitrage Theory in Continuous Time. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198851615.001.0001.

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The fourth edition of this textbook on pricing and hedging of financial derivatives, now also including dynamic equilibrium theory, continues to combine sound mathematical principles with economic applications. Concentrating on the probabilistic theory of continuous time arbitrage pricing of financial derivatives, including stochastic optimal control theory and optimal stopping theory, the book is designed for graduate students in economics and mathematics, and combines the necessary mathematical background with a solid economic focus. It includes a solved example for every new technique presented, contains numerous exercises, and suggests further reading in each chapter. All concepts and ideas are discussed, not only from a mathematics point of view, but the mathematical theory is also always supplemented with lots of intuitive economic arguments. In the substantially extended fourth edition Tomas Björk has added completely new chapters on incomplete markets, treating such topics as the Esscher transform, the minimal martingale measure, f-divergences, optimal investment theory for incomplete markets, and good deal bounds. There is also an entirely new part of the book presenting dynamic equilibrium theory. This includes several chapters on unit net supply endowments models, and the Cox–Ingersoll–Ross equilibrium factor model (including the CIR equilibrium interest rate model). Providing two full treatments of arbitrage theory—the classical delta hedging approach and the modern martingale approach—the book is written in such a way that these approaches can be studied independently of each other, thus providing the less mathematically oriented reader with a self-contained introduction to arbitrage theory and equilibrium theory, while at the same time allowing the more advanced student to see the full theory in action.

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49

Daudon, Michel, and Paul Jungers. Cystine stones. Edited by Mark E. De Broe. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0203_update_001.

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Cystinuria, an autosomal recessive disease (estimated at 1:7000 births worldwide), results from the defective reabsorption of cystine and dibasic amino acids (also ornithine, arginine, lysine, COAL) by epithelial cells of renal proximal tubules, leading to an abnormally high urinary excretion of these amino acids. Due to the poor solubility of cystine at the usual urine pH, formation of cystine crystals and stones ensues. Incidence of homozygotes is estimated at 1 in 7000 births worldwide, but is lower in European countries and much higher in populations with frequent consanguinity. Cystine stones represent 1–2% of all stones in adults and 5–8% in paediatric patients, with an equal distribution between males and females.Cystinuria is caused by inactivating mutations in the gene SLC3A1 or SLC7A9, both encoding proteins contributing to the function of the heterodimeric transport system of cystine.Cystine nephrolithiasis may present in infants, most frequently in adolescents or young adults, sometimes later. Cystine calculi are weakly radio-opaque. Stone analysis using infrared spectroscopy (or X-ray diffraction) allows immediate and accurate diagnosis. Urinary amino acid chromatography quantifies urinary cystine excretion, needed to define the therapeutic strategy.Urological treatment of cystine stones currently uses extracorporeal stone wave lithotripsy or flexible ureterorenoscopy with Holmium laser, that is, minimally invasive techniques. However, as cystine stones are highly recurrent, preventive therapy is essential.Medical treatment combines reduced methionine and sodium intake, to lower cystine excretion; hyperdiuresis (> 3 L/day) to reduce cystine concentration; and active alkalinization preferably using potassium citrate (40–80 mEq/day) to increase cystine solubility by rising urine pH up to 7.5–8. If these measures are insufficient to prevent recurrent stone formation, a thiol derivative (D-penicillamine or tiopronin), which converts cystine into a more soluble disulphide, should be added. Close monitoring and adherence of the patient to the therapeutic programme are needed to ensure life-long compliance, the key for successful prevention in the long term.

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Great Britain. Standing Committee of Analysts., ed. Methods for the determination of the metals aluminium, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, manganese, nickel, uranium, vanadium, and zinc in marine, estuarine, and other waters by stripping voltammetry or concentration and atomic absorption spectrophotometry, 1987: With notes on other metals and related techniques. London: H.M.S.O., 1988.

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