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Journal articles on the topic 'Concentration technique'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 September 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Bo Lu, Bo Lu, and Jiwei Wu Jiwei Wu. "Quantifying spectroscopic concentration ratio by polarization subtraction technique." Chinese Optics Letters 11, s2 (2013): S23001–323004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201311.s23001.

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2

Tanioka, Goichi, Hideya Kametaka, Masaaki Okubo, Tomoyuki Kuroki, and Toshiaki Yamamoto. "624 Concentration Technique for Low Concentration NO using Nonthermal Plasma." Proceedings of Conference of Kansai Branch 2001.76 (2001): _6–45_—_6–46_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmekansai.2001.76._6-45_.

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3

Taglioretti, V., N. Sardella, and M. Fugassa. "Effectiveness of coproscopic concentration techniques." Helminthologia 51, no. 3 (September 1, 2014): 210–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11687-014-0231-x.

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AbstractThe aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of the concentration techniques of flotation-centrifugation with zinc chloride (FZn) (δ = 1.45) with the spontaneous sedimentation (SSed) and the sucrose flotation-centrifugation (FSuc) (δ = 1.2) to recuperate gastrointestinal parasites from camelid fecal samples. The technique with more positive results for the detection of Nematodirus sp., Trichuris sp., strongyle-type eggs and Eimeria macusaniensis oocysts was the FZn. For Trichuris sp. and Eimeria macusaniensis, the higher coverglass counts were detected by FZn procedure. No significant differences were registered among centrifugation flotation techniques for Nematodirus spp. Coverglass count for strongyle-type eggs was significantly higher for FSuc than FZn (p = 0.0005) or SSed (p = 0.0005), being also significantly higher for FZn than for SSed (p = 0.008). FZn is a sensitive technique that allows the recovery of parasite elements with high density and it exerts low osmotic pressure avoiding parasite deformation.

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4

Zhong Ren, Zhong Ren, Guodong Liu Guodong Liu, and Zhen Huang Zhen Huang. "Investigation of glucose concentration measurement based on tunable pulsed laser induced photoacoustic technique." Chinese Optics Letters 11, s2 (2013): S21701–321704. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201311.s21701.

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5

Arouca, Fábio de Oliveira, L. C. O. Lopes, and João Jorge Ribeiro Damasceno. "Concentration Profiles and Iso-Concentration Curves for Batch Settling Using the Gamma Rays Attenuation Technique." Materials Science Forum 530-531 (November 2006): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.530-531.29.

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Knowledge of particle concentration is of extreme importance for the settling phenomenon. For well-diluted suspensions the solids concentration can be measured by sampling techniques. However, the use of such a technique for more concentrated suspension does not lead to good results. Knowledge of concentration distribution in sediments formed by decantation of aqueous suspensions inside a vertical vessel is fundamental for the evaluation of performance of some pieces of equipment such as continuous thickeners. In this work, the phenomenon of batch settling of aqueous suspensions of calcium carbonate was studied by using a nondestructive technique based upon the measurement of gamma-ray attenuation when the radiation beam goes through the physical medium as a function of the local concentration in several vertical positions of the vessel, and the sampling of suspension by aliquots is not necessary. The main objective of this work is to evaluate the use of gammaray attenuation technique for achieving concentration distributions in the phenomenon of batch settling as well as curves of iso-concentrations.

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6

Zhao Hongxia, 赵洪霞, 丁志群 Ding Zhiqun, 王金霞 Wang Jinxia, 方晓惠 Fang Xiaohui, 贾辉 Jia Hui, and 鲍吉龙 Bao Jilong. "A High Sensitivity Concentration Sensing Demodulation Technique." Chinese Journal of Lasers 37, no. 5 (2010): 1294–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/cjl20103705.1294.

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7

Konishi, Tadashi, Syuji Naka, Akihiko Ito, and Kozo Saito. "Transient two-dimensional fuel-concentration measurement technique." Applied Optics 36, no. 33 (November 20, 1997): 8815. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.36.008815.

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8

Sahasrabudhe, Abhishek B., Ranjit R. Desai, and Siddharth K. Jabade. "Modeling and Simulation of a Freeze Concentration Technique for Sugarcane Juice Concentration." Applied Mechanics and Materials 110-116 (October 2011): 2768–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.110-116.2768.

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Freeze concentration is a process in which water is selectively separated out of binary solution in the form of ice, thereby concentrating solution. The freeze concentration system under consideration is a heat pump based freeze concentration system (FCS) that uses layer freezing process. The application of this system for the present paper is in the process of jaggery making used to concentrate sugarcane juice. A mathematical model is developed that helps in simulation of system under various operating parameters. The model is validated using previously published experimental results. Finally, based on simulation effects of various system parameters on ice growth and subsequent juice concentration have been discussed.

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9

Herold, Christian, Stefan Engeli, Bibiana Beckmann, Peter M. Vogt, and Hans-Oliver Rennekampff. "Adipokine concentrations in lipoaspirates may have a role in wound healing." Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery 50, no. 01 (January 2017): 056–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijps.ijps_103_16.

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ABSTRACT Objectives: In addition to its use as a volume filler, fat grafting may have a potential role in wound healing based on the concentration of growth factors in the lipoaspirate. In this study, we compare the quantitative and qualitative concentration of the various growth factors and adipokines using the Shippert or the Coleman techniques to prepare the lipoaspirate. Methods: We measured leptin, adiponectin and the growth factors, i.e., acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF), basic FGF (bFGF), keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by ELISA in solid and liquid fractions obtained with both techniques in human fat obtained with Coleman technique and Shippert technique. Results: All of these peptides, except BMP-2, were detected in relevant quantities in the solid fraction. The Coleman but not the Shippert technique resulted in statistically higher adiponectin concentrations in the solid tissue fraction. The other four growth factors occurred in significantly higher concentrations in the solid fractions compared to the liquid fractions, independent of the processing technique. Conclusion: In summary, we demonstrated that KGF, aFGF, bFGF and VEGF, as well as leptin and adiponectin, are contained in fat suspensions obtained by liposuction and in the supernatant. Only the concentration of adiponectin was in the range reported to contribute to wound healing.

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10

IMAJO, TAKASHI. "High Resolution FTIR Spectroscopy with Concentration Modulation Technique." Journal of the Spectroscopical Society of Japan 45, no. 5 (1996): 242–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5111/bunkou.45.242.

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11

Emady, Heather N., Maya Wittman, Sara Koynov, William G. Borghard, Fernando J. Muzzio, Benjamin J. Glasser, and Alberto M. Cuitino. "A simple color concentration measurement technique for powders." Powder Technology 286 (December 2015): 392–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2015.07.050.

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12

Agranovski, I. E. "New technique for monitoring of aerosol mass concentration." Journal of Aerosol Science 31 (September 2000): 783–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-8502(00)90793-6.

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13

Plant, Randall L., and David H. Burns. "Quantitative, Depth-Resolved Imaging of Oxygen Concentration by Phosphorescence Lifetime Measurement." Applied Spectroscopy 47, no. 10 (October 1993): 1594–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702934334868.

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Minimally invasive determination of oxygen concentration can be made by measuring phosphorescence lifetime. We describe a technique for depth-resolved measurements of oxygen concentration using confocal imaging of phosphorescence lifetime. A confocal imaging system is used to obtain depth-resolved measurements of phosphorescence decay. The spatial resolution of the system is characterized in terms of the Line Spread Function and shown to be similar in both lateral and depth directions. Lifetimes are calculated with the use of the Rapid Lifetime Determination technique. One- and two-dimensional quantitative images of oxygen concentration in a test specimen are rapidly generated from luminescence decay data. Measurements are made for oxygen concentrations ranging from 2 to 90 µM. A linear relationship between Pdmeso-tetra-(4-sulfonato-phenyl)-porphine phosphorescence inverse lifetime and oxygen concentration is determined. The presence of an intervening solution of different oxygen concentration does not significantly affect the concentration measurements made with the use of depth-resolved imaging techniques.

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14

Zhao, Si Hai, Zhi Qiang Liu, Qi Wang, Yong Liang Bai, and Yan Chen Guo. "The Research Progress of Supervisory for Concentration of Emulsion." Advanced Materials Research 479-481 (February 2012): 2409–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.479-481.2409.

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The consistence of emulsion has great influence on the normal running and life of the equipment relying on emulsion. The paper introduces the current situation in development of detecting technique of emulsion in china. The literatures about various techniques of automatic supervisory system of emulsion proportioning have been compared, and the respective characteristics have been discussed. In this paper, the on-line detection methods for emulsion concentration and the recent progresses in the research on detecting technology of concentration of emulsion are reviewed. Involves the main content includes: the measurement technology of emulsion concentration and detecting and proportioning technique of emulsion.

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15

Schubert, Martin C., Holger Habenicht, Michael J. Kerler, and Wilhelm Warta. "Quantitative Iron Concentration Imaging." Solid State Phenomena 156-158 (October 2009): 407–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.156-158.407.

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Iron concentration imaging has been proven to be a very valuable analysis technique for silicon material characterization. We applied this method to determine the influence of a low temperature annealing after surface passivation on the interstitial iron concentration. The influence of hydrogen passivation induced by silicon nitride passivation is estimated by comparison of silicon nitride and aluminum oxide passivation. The second part of this work deals with systematic errors inherent to the iron concentration technique. Simulations show under which conditions errors occur due to the non-uniformity of carrier profiles.

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16

Stallknecht, Bente, Joop Madsen, Henrik Galbo, and Jens Bülow. "Evaluation of the microdialysis technique in the dog fat pad." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 276, no. 3 (March 1, 1999): E588—E595. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1999.276.3.e588.

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In the present study the microdialysis technique was evaluated in an isolated autoperfused dog fat pad. Concentrations of glucose, lactate, and glycerol were measured in interstitial fluid by microdialysis and simultaneously in arterial and adipose venous plasma. Adipose tissue blood flow was measured by both133Xe washout and timed weighing of venous blood. Metabolite concentrations in adipose venous plasma calculated from interstitial and arterial metabolite concentrations and133Xe washout were positively correlated with measured venous concentrations (glucose: r = 0.95, lactate: r = 0.92, glycerol: r = 0.81). Calculated and measured venous plasma concentrations did not differ for either glucose or lactate, but for glycerol, calculated concentration was on average 76% of measured concentration. Metabolite exchanges (Fick’s principle) calculated from interstitial metabolite concentrations were positively correlated with measured exchanges only for lactate ( r = 0.69). In conclusion, metabolite concentrations in adipose venous plasma can be calculated from microdialysis measurements with greater accuracy for glucose and lactate than for glycerol. The precision, however, is too low to allow calculation of metabolite exchange when arteriovenous metabolite differences are low.

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17

Brummaier, Tobias, Laypaw Archasuksan, Dorn Watthanakulpanich, Daniel H. Paris, Jürg Utzinger, Rose McGready, Stephane Proux, and François Nosten. "Improved Detection of Intestinal Helminth Infections with a Formalin Ethyl-Acetate-Based Concentration Technique Compared to a Crude Formalin Concentration Technique." Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 6, no. 2 (April 15, 2021): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed6020051.

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Intestinal helminth infections are the most prevalent neglected tropical diseases, predominantly affecting rural and marginalised populations. The mainstay of diagnosis is the microscopic examination of faecal samples to detect parasites in the form of eggs, larvae and cysts. In an effort to improve the standard of care, the comparative accuracy in detecting helminth infections of the hitherto used formalin-based concentration method (FC) was compared to a previously developed formalin ethyl-acetate-based concentration technique (FECT), prior to the systematic deployment of the latter at a research and humanitarian unit operating on the Thailand–Myanmar border. A total of 693 faecal samples were available for the comparison of the two diagnostic methods. The FECT was superior in detecting hookworm, Trichuris trichiura and small liver flukes. Interestingly, there was no significant difference for Ascaris lumbricoides, possibly due to the high observed egg density. Despite the minor increase in material cost and the fact that the FECT is somewhat more time consuming, this method was implemented as the new routine technique.

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18

Hanh, N. V., Q. X. Huu, N. T. Uoc, J. Sulon, N. M. Sausa, B. X. Nguyen, and J. F. Beckers. "105 DETECTION OF PLACENTAL LACTOGENS IN SWAMP BUFFALO BY RADIOIMMUNOASSAY TECHNIQUE." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 21, no. 1 (2009): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv21n1ab105.

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Ruminant placental lactogens (PL) are members of the growth factor/prolactin (GH/PRL) family. They are synthesized by trophectodermal binucleate cells. There is evidence to suggest that PL is involved in control of fetal growth, through actions in both the maternal and fetal compartments, as well as in influencing mammary growth during pregnancy (Byatt JC et al. 1992 J. Anim. Sci. 70, 2911–2923). The structure and biology of PL have been studied in the cow, sheep, goat, human, and mice. The maternal concentration of PL is 100- to 1 000-fold greater in pregnant sheep and goats than in cows but no information exists about PL concentration in buffalo. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the ability to detect PL in buffalo fluids by using bovine PL antibody. Samples were collected in the slaughterhouse immediately after animal slaughter. The fetuses were measured after heart blood collection. A bPL RIA system was used to determine the bPL concentrations in the buffalo samples (Alvarez-Oxiley AV et al. 2007 Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 19, 877–885). The rbPL molecules were radio-iodinated with [125]I-Na by using the lactoperoxidase method (Thorell JI and Johansson BG 1971 Biochim. Biophys. Acta 251, 363–369). Concentrations of buffalo PL are presented in Table 1. In this RIA system, the minimum detected value was 0.068 ng mL–1, and the binding competition curves of bovine PL standard and buffalo fluids dilution using bovine PL antibody were paralleled in all kinds of samples. The lowest concentration was detected in allantoid fluid and the greatest concentration in fetal plasma (P < 0.05). Study of the biology of PL in buffalo has proved difficult because the concentration of PL in all buffalo fluids is very low. Furthermore, the research concerning buffalo PL function required in vivo experiments. Existing data suggest that at least the concentration of buffalo PL is different from cattle and other smaller domestic ruminants. In conclusion, our results provide preliminary information about concentrations of PL in buffalo fluids. Table 1.Concentration of placental lactogen in buffalo fluids This work was supported by a grant from the Belgian Technical Cooperation.

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19

Ab Hamid, Farah Hanim, and Siti Nurajjar Jami. "Progressive Freeze Concentration for Wastewater Treatment from Food Industry." Key Engineering Materials 797 (March 2019): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.797.55.

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Crystallization technique is one of the potential techniques to deal with wastewater treatment. In this work, progressive freeze concentration (PFC) technique was studied for its effectiveness in wastewater treatment from food industry. In PFC, pure water is produced in the form of ice crystal block and leave behind a higher concentration solution. The effect of coolant temperature and stirring speed on the effective partition constant (K) and solute recovery (Y) were investigated. Glucose solution was used as simulated wastewater sample. The best conditions were found at the moderate coolant temperature of -10°C and maximum stirring speed of 500 rpm, resulted in the lowest K value and highest Y, lead to the highest efficiency on the wastewater treatment.

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20

Sampaio, Caio, Alberto Carlos Botazzo Delbem, Mayra Frasson Paiva, Igor Zen, Marcelle Danelon, Robson Frederico Cunha, and Juliano Pelim Pessan. "Amount of Dentifrice and Fluoride Concentration Influence Salivary Fluoride Concentrations and Fluoride Intake by Toddlers." Caries Research 54, no. 3 (2020): 234–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000503780.

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The present study evaluated fluoride (F) concentrations in saliva of toddlers after brushing with dentifrices containing different F concentrations, applied in different quantities, and estimated F intake from toothbrushing. The study comprised a double-blind, crossover protocol, in which toddlers (n = 18, 2–3 years old) were randomly assigned into six groups, according to possible combinations of dentifrices (0/550/1,100 ppm F, as NaF) and amounts (rice grain, pea size, and transverse technique). Volunteers used a F-free dentifrice during 1 week. On the 7th day, saliva samples were collected before (baseline), and at 5/15/30/60 min after toothbrushing. All dentifrice expectorated after brushing was collected. F concentrations (saliva and expectorate) were determined with an ion-specific electrode. Data were submitted to ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by Fisher’s LSD or Student-Newman-Keuls’ tests (p <0.05). Brushing with 550 ppm F dentifrice (pea size or transversal technique) increased the area under the curve (AUC) at similar levels compared to 1,100 ppm F (rice grain). The highest AUC and salivary F at 5 min after brushing were achieved by 1,100 ppm F (pea size), followed by 550 ppm F (transversal technique). Regarding F intake, the highest values were observed for 550 ppm F (transversal technique), followed by 1,100 ppm F (pea size). It is possible to conclude that the amount of dentifrice and F concentration in the product significantly affected both salivary F concentrations and F intake during toothbrushing.

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21

Posthuma, G., J. W. Slot, and H. J. Geuze. "Usefulness of the immunogold technique in quantitation of a soluble protein in ultra-thin sections." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 35, no. 4 (April 1987): 405–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/35.4.2434559.

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We used a model system to study whether measurements of absolute local antigen concentrations at the electron microscopic level are feasible by counting immunogold labeling density in ultra-thin sections. The model system consisted of a matrix of a variable concentration of gelatin, which was mixed with given concentrations of rat pancreas amylase and fixed according to various fixation protocols. With a relatively mild fixation, there was no clear proportionality between anti-amylase gold labeling and amylase concentration in ultra-thin cryosections. This was presumably due to uncontrolled loss of amylase from the sections. After stronger fixation with 2% glutaraldehyde for 4 hr, labeling density reflected the amylase concentration very well. We observed that matrix (gelatin) density influenced labeling density. A low gelatin concentration of 5% allowed penetration of immunoreagents into the cryosection, resulting in a high and variable labeling density. In gelatin concentrations of 10% and 20%, labeling density was lower but proportional to amylase concentration. To establish an equal (minimal) penetration of immunoreagents, we embedded model blocks with different matrix densities in polyacrylamide (PAA). In ultra-thin cryosections of these PAA-embedded blocks, anti-amylase labeling was proportional to amylase concentration even at a low (5%) gelatin concentration. Anti-amylase labeling in ultra-thin sections from Lowicryl K4M low temperature-embedded blocks was higher than in PAA sections, but the results were less consistent and depended to some extent on matrix density. These results, together with the earlier observation that acrylamide completely penetrates intracellular compartments (Slot JW, Geuze HJ: Biol Cell 44:325, 1982), demonstrate that it is possible to measure true intracellular concentrations of soluble proteins in situ using ultra-thin cryosections of PAA-embedded tissue.

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22

Lee, Tae-Hee, Ji-Sun Kim, Gu-In Jung, Ju-Hyeon Choi, Han-Byeol Oh, A.-Hee Kim, Hyon-Chel Jung, Yeong Bin Cho, and Jae-Hoon Jun. "An Optical Technique for Concentration Measurement by Color Analysis." Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 63, no. 8 (August 1, 2014): 1121–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5370/kiee.2014.63.8.1121.

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23

Bejestan, Mahmood Shafai, and Shabnam Nouroozpou. "Use of Image Processing Technique to Estimate Sediment Concentration." Journal of Applied Sciences 7, no. 20 (October 1, 2007): 3096–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jas.2007.3096.3100.

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24

HSU, Yin-Sung, Chi-ma WEI, Yuan-Chi TING, Shih-Yi YUAN, Chia-Ling CHANG, and Kao-Chung CHANG. "Capacitive sensing technique for silt suspended sediment concentration monitoring." International Journal of Sediment Research 25, no. 2 (June 2010): 175–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1001-6279(10)60036-4.

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25

Zhang, Yukui, Jun Zhu, Lihua Zhang, and Weibing Zhang. "High-Efficiency On-Line Concentration Technique of Capillary Electrochromatography." Analytical Chemistry 72, no. 22 (November 2000): 5744–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac000397p.

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26

Chakraborty, Subhrakanti, Sandip K. Saha, J. C. Pandey, and Sumitesh Das. "Experimental characterization of concentration of nanofluid by ultrasonic technique." Powder Technology 210, no. 3 (July 2011): 304–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2011.03.035.

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27

ONUMA, Yoshiaki, Toshikazu KAWAI, and Yuji NAKANO. "The measurement of concentration fluctuation by light scattering technique." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series B 51, no. 466 (1985): 1916–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaib.51.1916.

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28

Wang, Ran, Xinlu Zhang, Feng Liu, Yujin Chen, and Lu Liu. "Concentration effects on the FIR technique for temperature sensing." Optical Materials 43 (May 2015): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2015.02.015.

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29

Gau, C., and K. H. Wu. "A NONINTRUSIVE TECHNIQUE FOR CONCENTRATION DISTRIBUTION MEASUREMENT IN ENCLOSURES." Experimental Heat Transfer 2, no. 3 (January 1989): 215–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08916158908946365.

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30

Soong, Yee, Isaac K. Gamwo, Fred W. Harke, Arthur G. Blackwell, Richard R. Schehl, and Michael F. Zarochak. "Measurement of solids concentration by an ultrasonic transmission technique." Chemical Engineering & Technology 20, no. 1 (January 1997): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270200110.

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31

Devara, P. C. S., and P. Ernest Raj. "Atmospheric NO2 concentration measurements using differential absorption lidar technique." Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 9, no. 1 (February 1992): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02656932.

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32

James, E., and J. M. Lee. "An improved optical technique for monitoring plant cell concentration." Plant Cell Reports 19, no. 3 (January 13, 2000): 283–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002990050013.

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33

Lyagoubi, M., A. Datry, I. Malet, M. Danis, and M. Gentilini. "Rapid purification and concentration technique for Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts." Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 86, no. 6 (November 1992): 640. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(92)90168-c.

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34

Shlien, D. J. "Instantaneous concentration field measurement technique from flow visualization photographs." Experiments in Fluids 6, no. 8 (January 1988): 541–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00196600.

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35

Polyakov, A. V., Ya A. Virolainen, and M. V. Makarova. "Technique for Inverting Transmission Spectra to Measure Freon Concentration." Journal of Applied Spectroscopy 85, no. 6 (January 2019): 1085–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10812-019-00763-y.

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36

Gowman, Linda M., and C. Ross Ethier. "Concentration and concentration gradient measurements in an ultrafiltration concentration polarization layer Part I: A laser-based refractometric experimental technique." Journal of Membrane Science 131, no. 1-2 (August 1997): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0376-7388(97)00032-x.

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37

Jacyn Baker, C., Daniel P. Roberts, Norton M. Mock, and Vansie L. Blount. "A novel open-system technique to monitor real-time oxygen consumption during early phases of seed germination." Seed Science Research 14, no. 1 (March 2004): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/ssr2003151.

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A novel technique allows long-term monitoring of real-time oxygen consumption during seed germination in an open system. Most current techniques used to detect oxygen consumption by seeds measure the decrease in oxygen concentration in a closed chamber. This is not ideal for long-term experiments because the chamber must be replenished with air periodically, subjecting the seeds to abrupt changes in oxygen concentration. The current technique employs an open system, in which seeds are submerged in a continuously aerated aqueous environment. Oxygen electrodes are used to measure the steady-state concentration of oxygen in the solution, which is a function of both the rate of oxygen consumption by the seed and the rate of aeration from the atmosphere. The rate of aeration is directly dependent on the oxygen concentration of the bathing solution; therefore, previous calibration of the system allows the direct conversion of steady-state oxygen concentrations into oxygen consumption rates. Because oxygen is not limiting, the experimental design described here can monitor the same sample non-intrusively every minute for more than 24 h, allowing for greater precision than hourly readings often reported with current techniques. Multiple treatments and/or replicates can be run simultaneously, allowing sensitive comparison of various seed treatments or seed types. To illustrate its potential application, the technique was used to follow the rehydration and pre-emergence phases of germination of cucumber (Cucumis sativum), pea (Pisum sativum) and mustard (Brassica juncea) seeds, detect the inhibitory effects of surface sterilization techniques on seed respiration of cucumber, and follow the interaction of a bacterial biocontrol agent with germinating cucumber and pea seeds.

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38

Guimarães, A. E., M. T. T. Pacheco, L. Silveira Jr., D. Barsottini, J. Duarte, A. B. Villaverde, and R. A. Zângaro. "Near Infrared Raman Spectroscopy (NIRS): A technique for doping control." Spectroscopy 20, no. 4 (2006): 185–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2006/328210.

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This paper reports the application of near-infrared Raman spectroscopy to detect ephedrine in biological medium. At present time, the doping control for ephedrine in athletes uses the urinalysis by the gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, with main disadvantage the need of collecting urine and the time delay to obtain results. This work aims to develop a noninvasive technique that will allow to evaluate the concentration of the ephedrine in a real time diagnosis. A Raman system composed by a Ti:Saphire laser pumped by an Argon laser was used, operating at the wavelength of 785 nm, with a laser power of 70 mW at sample position. Raman scattered photons were collected by a f/l.8 spectrometer and a N2-cooled CCD detector. Ephedrine Raman peaks at 1002 and 1603 cm−1were studied, opening possibility for the identification and quantification of ephedrine. Raman spectra of ephedrine with different concentrations in human urine were taken, and the intensity of the ephedrine peak at 1002 cm−1was measured as a function of its concentration. It was also studied the Raman spectrum of an urine sample from a Wistar rat, after a subcutaneous inoculation of an ephedrine solution in physiologic serum, at the concentration of 5 mg/ml. It was found that Raman spectroscopy could detect ephedrine in urine at concentrations lower than the doping limit legally permitted by the International Olympic Committee.

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Sheat, J. M., and M. A. Lorier. "A simple silver-staining technique for detecting Bence Jones proteins in unconcentrated urine." Clinical Chemistry 33, no. 4 (April 1, 1987): 561–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/33.4.561.

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Abstract Detection of Bence Jones proteins in urine usually involves a concentration step, followed by electrophoresis and, if necessary, immunofixation. The time-consuming and expensive concentration step can be eliminated by use of the silver-stain technique described here. This procedure, routinely used for staining unconcentrated urine, is inexpensive, sensitive, and easily performed in a clinical laboratory. Bence Jones proteins can be detected in concentrations as low as 5 mg/L.

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Chen, Tai Jia, Rong Tsong Lee, and Yuang Cherng Chiou. "Sharpening Mechanism Using Composite Electro-Plating In-Process Sharpening Technique." Advanced Materials Research 126-128 (August 2010): 633–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.126-128.633.

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The in-process sharpening mechanism of the grinder during the grinding process of a CVD diamond film surface is investigated using the composite electro-plating in-process sharpening (CEPIS) technique. The bath concentration is employed to investigate the variation of coating structure deposited on the grinder. Results show that the land area ratio increases with increasing nickel chloride concentrations (NiCl2．6H2O) of the plating bath from 10 to 30 g/L, and the coating structure becomes very smooth without porous area at the nickel chloride concentration of 75 g/L. Therefore the coating structure becomes compact to hold the diamond particles rigidly. Consequently, the grinding ability of the grinder can be significantly improved, where the mirror-like surface of the CVD diamond film can be achieved.

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Tahir, M. A., H. Rasheed, and A. Malana. "Method development for arsenic analysis by modification in spectrophotometric technique." Drinking Water Engineering and Science 5, no. 1 (January 4, 2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/dwes-5-1-2012.

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Abstract. Arsenic is a non-metallic constituent, present naturally in groundwater due to some minerals and rocks. Arsenic is not geologically uncommon and occurs in natural water as arsenate and arsenite. Additionally, arsenic may occur from industrial discharges or insecticide application. World Health Organization (WHO) and Pakistan Standard Quality Control Authority have recommended a permissible limit of 10 ppb for arsenic in drinking water. Arsenic at lower concentrations can be determined in water by using high tech instruments like the Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (hydride generation). Because arsenic concentration at low limits of 1 ppb can not be determined easily with simple spectrophotometric technique, the spectrophotometric technique using silver diethyldithiocarbamate was modified to achieve better results, up to the extent of 1 ppb arsenic concentration.

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Tahir, M. A., H. Rasheed, and A. Malana. "Method development for arsenic analysis by modification in spectrphotometric technique." Drinking Water Engineering and Science Discussions 1, no. 2 (August 22, 2008): 135–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/dwesd-1-135-2008.

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Abstract. Arsenic is a non-metallic constituent, present naturally in groundwater due to some minerals and rocks. Arsenic is not geologically uncommon and occurs in natural water as arsenate and arsenite. Additionally, arsenic may occur from industrial discharges or insecticide application. World Health Organization (WHO) and Pakistan Standard Quality Control Authority have recommended a permissible limit of 10 ppb for arsenic in drinking water. The arsenic at lower concentrations can be determined in water by using high tech instruments like Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (hydride generation). The arsenic concentration at low limits of 1 ppb could not be determined easily with simple spectrophotometric technique. Therefore, Spectrphotometric technique using the silver diethyldithiocarbamate was modified to achieve the better results, up to the extent of 1 ppb arsenic concentration.

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Henriksson, Jan. "Microdialysis of skeletal muscle at rest." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 58, no. 4 (November 1999): 919–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0029665199001226.

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Techniques in human skeletal muscle research are by necessity predominantly 'descriptive'.Microdialysis has raised high expectations that it could meet the demand for a method that allows 'mechanistic' investigations to be performed in human skeletal muscle. In the present review, some views are given on how well the initial expectations on the use of the microdialysis technique in skeletal muscle have been fulfilled, and the areas in which additional work is needed in order to validate microdialysis as an important metabolic technique in this tissue. The microdialysis catheter has been equated to an artificial blood vessel, which is introduced into the tissue. By means of this 'vessel' the concentrations of compounds in the interstitial space can be monitored. The concentration of substances in the collected samples is dependent on the rate of perfusate flow. When perfusate flow is slow enough to allow complete equilibration between interstitial and perfusate fluids, the concentration in the perfusate is maximal and identical to the interstitial concentration. Microdialysis data may be influenced by changes in blood flow, especially in instances where the tissue diffusivity limits the recovery in vivo, i.e. when recovery in vitro is 100 %, whereas the recovery in vivo is less than 100 %. Microdialysis data indicate that a significant arterial-interstitial glucose concentration gradient exists in skeletal muscle but not in adipose tissue at rest. While the concentrations of glucose and lactate in the dialysate from skeletal muscle are close to the expected values, the glycerol values obtained for muscle are still puzzling. Ethanol added to the perfusate will be cleared by the tissue at a rate that is determined by the nutritive blood flow (the microdialysis ethanol technique). It is concluded that microdialysis of skeletal muscle has become an important technique for mechanistic studies in human metabolism and nutrition.

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Tojo, A., and H. Endou. "Intrarenal handling of proteins in rats using fractional micropuncture technique." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 263, no. 4 (October 1, 1992): F601—F606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1992.263.4.f601.

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Previous micropuncture studies on protein handling along the nephron could not exclude the possibility of contamination by extratubular proteins. Thus we developed a fractional micropuncture method. Renal tubules were punctured with an outer puncture pipette, into which an inner collection pipette was inserted repeatedly to collect tubular fluid, usually up to four fractions. The albumin concentration of tubular fluid was highest in the first fraction and gradually decreased to a constant level, indicating physiological albumin concentrations. On the other hand, low-molecular-weight protein (LMWP) concentrations showed no significant difference among the four fractions. By plotting the protein delivery in the fourth fraction along the nephron, glomerular filtrated protein concentrations were estimated by extrapolating the tubular fluid-to-plasma inulin concentration ratio into one. The glomerular filtrated albumin was 22.9 micrograms/ml (0.00062 in filtration coefficient), and that of LMWP was 72.1 (0.988). Albumin was almost evenly reabsorbed in early (37%) and late (34%) proximal convoluted tubules and the straight tubules (23%). On the other hand, LMWP was more strongly reabsorbed in the early proximal convoluted tubules (54%) than in the late ones (28%) or the straight portion (5%). The fractional micropuncture procedure provides direct evidence of protein handling along the nephron without extratubular protein contamination.

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Tusief, Muhammad Qamar, Muhammad Saddique, Nabeel Amin, and Zahid Hussain. "The Effect of Wrinkle Recovery Finishes on Shrinkage of Cotton Fabric for Different Finish Applying Techniques." Pakistan Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research Series A: Physical Sciences 59, no. 3 (October 27, 2016): 144–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.52763/pjsir.phys.sci.59.3.2016.144.150.

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This research study was conducted to make wrinkle free fabric by applying formaldehyde free anti-wrinkle finishes like Texicil DC, Knittex RCT, Arkofix NEC, Arkofix ELF. In this effort, various concentrations of these finishes were used by adopting three different finish applying techniques (pad-dry technique, pad-dry-cure technique and pad-flash-cure technique) on pure cotton fabric in order to optimize their application for best manufacturing results in sense of the shrinkage ability of the fabric. After making quality test of the resulting fabric it was depicted that pad dry method of applying finish proved itself better as compared to other techniques adopted in this research, while the finish Arkofix ELF and Arkofix NECat concentration level of 120 g/L gave better results in respect of shrinkage of the fabric.

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Abdullah, G. R., A. A. Al-Khateeb, and M. Serage. "Effect of Different Concentrations of Growth Regulators on Gardenia jasminoides cv. Veitchii Micropropagation by Tissue Culture Technique." Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences [JAMS] 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jams.vol8iss1pp35-40.

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Micropropagation techniques were set up for Gardenia jasminoides c.v. veitchi. Many plantlets were obtained by culturing shoot cuttings in MS nutrient media, 30 g/L Sucrose, 7 g/L Agar Agar, and different concentrations of BAP and IAA. The best concentration was 1mg /L BAP with 0.5 mg/L IAA. This concentration gave the best sprout growth suitable for rooting in primary and secondary culture by reculturing the stuck cutting every 6 weeks and for many times. We also obtained a high rooting percentage up to 98 % of natural rooting in rooting media different from propagation media by reducing mineral salt concentration to half, Sucrose to 20gm/L, and 2gm/L active charcoal, and 1mg/L IAA. Plantlets were transferred to greenhous and subjected for hardening. This technique gave 22 plantlets from one cutting in one year.

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KASHIWAGI, Takao. "Concentration measurements and mass transfer visualization by laser interferometry technique." JOURNAL OF THE FLOW VISUALIZATION SOCIETY OF JAPAN 7, no. 24 (1987): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3154/jvs1981.7.25.

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Wu Ying-Chun, Wu Xue-Cheng, Sawitree Saengkaewi, Jiang Hao-Yu, Hong Qiao-Qiao, Grard Grhan, and Cen Ke-Fa. "Concentration and size measurements of sprays with global rainbow technique." Acta Physica Sinica 62, no. 9 (2013): 090703. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.62.090703.

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Methanitikorn, Rungkanta, Kom Sukontason, Kabkaew L. Sukontason, and Somsak Piangjai. "Evaluation of the formalin-Tween concentration technique for parasitic detection." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 45, no. 5 (October 2003): 289–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46652003000500009.

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The formalin-Tween sedimentation method was compared with the formalin-ether sedimentation for parasitic detection. Of a total 297 fecal specimens examined, 72.1% were positive. The formalin-tween technique was effective for ascertaining helminths, particularly Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and hookworm eggs; however it has less capability for protozoa detection. This method is simple, inexpensive, less time consuming and highly sensitive when detecting the parasitic infection, particularly when focusing on helminth eggs.

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Anamnart, Witthaya, Pewpan M. Intapan, and Wanchai Maleewong. "Modified Formalin-Ether Concentration Technique for Diagnosis of Human Strongyloidiasis." Korean Journal of Parasitology 51, no. 6 (December 31, 2013): 743–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.6.743.

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