Academic literature on the topic 'Concept map ratings'
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Journal articles on the topic "Concept map ratings"
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Klein, Jessalyn E., Catherine Cook-Cottone, and Carla Giambrone. "The Africa Yoga Project: A Participant-Driven Concept Map of Kenyan Teachers' Reported Experiences." International Journal of Yoga Therapy 25, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 113–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17761/1531-2054-25.1.113.
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Objective: The Africa Yoga Project (AYP) trains and funds Kenyans to teach community yoga classes. Preliminary research with a small sample of AYP teachers suggested the program had a positive impact. This study used concept mapping to explore the experiences of a larger sample. Methods: Participants brainstormed statements about how practicing and/or teaching yoga changed them. They sorted statements into self-defined piles and rated them in terms of perceived importance. Multidimensional scaling (MDS) of sort data calculated statement coordinates wherein each statement is placed in proximity to other statements as a function of how frequently statements are sorted together by participants. These results are then and mapped in a two-dimensional space. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) of these data identified clusters (i.e., concepts) among statements. Cluster average importance ratings gave the concept map depth and indicated concept importance. Bridging analysis and researchers' conceptual understanding of yoga literature facilitated HCA interpretive decisions. Results: Of 72 AYP teachers, 52 and 48 teachers participated in brainstorming and sorting/rating activities, respectively. Teachers brainstormed 93 statements about how they had changed. The resultant MDS statement map had adequate validity (stress value = .29). HCA created a 12-cluster solution with the following concepts of perceived change: Identity as a Yoga Teacher; Prosocial Development; Existential Possibility; Genuine Positive Regard; Value and Respect for Others (highest importance); Presence, Acceptance, and Competence; Service and Trust; Non-judgment and Emotion Regulation (lowest importance); Engagement and Connection; Interpersonal Effectiveness; Psychosocial Functioning; and Physical Competence and Security. Conclusions: Teachers perceived the AYP as facilitating change across physical, mental, and spiritual domains. Additional research is needed to quantify and compare this change to other health promotion program outcomes.
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Krahn, Murray D., Joanna M. Bielecki, Karen E. Bremner, Claire de Oliveira, Nisha Almeida, Fiona Clement, Diane L. Lorenzetti, Patricia O'Campo, Petros Pechlivanoglou, and Andrea C. Tricco. "Picturing ELSI+: a visual representation of ethical, legal, and social issues, and patient experiences in Health Technology Assessment in Canada." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 36, no. 1 (November 15, 2019): 40–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462319000722.
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ObjectivesConsideration of ethical, legal, and social issues plus patient values (ELSI+) in health technology assessment (HTA) is challenging because of a lack of conceptual clarity and the multi-disciplinary nature of ELSI+. We used concept mapping to identify key concepts and inter-relationships in the ELSI+ domain and provide a conceptual framework for consideration of ELSI+ in HTA.MethodsWe conducted a scoping review (Medline and EMBASE, 2000–2016) to identify ELSI+ issues in the HTA literature. Items from the scoping review and an expert brainstorming session were consolidated into eighty ELSI+-related statements, which were entered into Concept Systems® Global MAX™ software. Participants (N = 38; 36 percent worked as researchers, 21 percent as academics; 42 percent self-identified as HTA experts) sorted the statements into thematic groups, and rated them on importance in making decisions about adopting technologies in Canada, from 1 (not at all important) to 5 (extremely important). We used Concept Systems® Global MAX™ software to create and analyze concept maps with four to sixteen clusters.ResultsOur final ELSI+ map consisted of five clusters, with each cluster representing a different concept and the statements within each cluster representing the same concept. Based on the concepts, we named these clusters: patient preferences/experiences, patient quality of life/function, patient burden/harm, fairness, and organizational. The highest mean importance ratings were for the statements in the patient burden/harm (3.82) and organizational (3.92) clusters.ConclusionsThis study suggests an alternative approach to ELSI+, based on conceptual coherence rather than academic disciplines. This will provide a foundation for incorporating ELSI+ into HTA.
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Brownson, Ross C., Cheryl M. Kelly, Amy A. Eyler, Cheryl Carnoske, Lisa Grost, Susan L. Handy, Jay E. Maddock, et al. "Environmental and Policy Approaches for Promoting Physical Activity in the United States: A Research Agenda*." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 5, no. 4 (July 2008): 488–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.5.4.488.
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Background:Environmental and policy approaches are promising strategies to raise population-wide rates of physical activity; yet, little attention has been paid to the development and prioritization of a research agenda on these topics that will have relevance for both researchers and practitioners.Methods:Using input from hundreds of researchers and practitioners, a research agenda was developed for promoting physical activity through environmental and policy interventions. Concept mapping was used to develop the agenda.Results:Among those who brainstormed ideas, 42% were researchers and 33% were practitioners. The data formed a concept map with 9 distinct clusters. Based on ratings by both researchers and practitioners, the policy research cluster on city planning and design emerged as the most important, with economic evaluation second.Conclusions:Our research agenda sets the stage for new inquiries to better understand the environmental and policy influences on physical activity.
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Gehlenborg, Nils, Janko Dietzsch, and Kay Nieselt. "A Framework for Visualization of Microarray Data and Integrated Meta Information." Information Visualization 4, no. 3 (June 9, 2005): 164–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.ivs.9500094.
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We have developed a methodology that allows integration of microarray data and meta information within a visualization in order to guide the investigator during data exploration and analysis. A simple mathematical framework is introduced that uses scoring functions to map meta information to relevance ratings of genes. To explore the potential of this framework we extended the traditional heatmap with new features to graphically represent the relevance ratings. These ratings are visualized by an additional color gradient, by scaling the vertical height of matrix rows, by rearranging rows or by inserting new columns into the heatmap. This visualization is called an enhanced heatmap. We have applied our approach to microarray data of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell cycle, complemented with supplemental data that we both derived from the microarray data itself and retrieved from public databases. Using these data we demonstrate how this visualization concept can be efficiently used to identify certain features of genes and to detect inconsistencies in the data. Thus, the investigator has the possibility to get an overview of data from various sources and at the same time can gain a deeper insight into the structure of the combined data. The concept is not restricted to heatmaps, and can be used to extend further visualization techniques, such as profile plots. We found that our method is a powerful tool to integrate supplemental data into microarray visualizations and that it increases the efficiency of visual data exploration, which is a fundamental part of microarray data analyses.
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Firestone, Michelle, Janet Smylie, Sylvia Maracle, Connie Siedule, De dwa da dehs nye>s Aboriginal Health Access Centre, Métis Nation of Ontario, and Patricia O'Campo. "Concept Mapping: Application of a Community-Based Methodology in Three Urban Aboriginal Populations." American Indian Culture and Research Journal 38, no. 4 (January 1, 2014): 85–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.17953/aicr.38.4.571154up25876h72.
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The goal of this research was to develop accessible and culturally relevant urban Aboriginal health information in Ontario. Concept mapping was used to engage Aboriginal stakeholders in identifying health concerns and priorities, with key stakeholders participating from three communities: First Nations people in Hamilton through De dwa da dehs ney>s Aboriginal Health Access Centre (DAHC), Inuit people in Ottawa through Tungasuvvingat Inuit Family Health Team (TIFHT) and Métis people in Ottawa through the Métis Nation of Ontario (MNO). Each community participated in the three concept-mapping activities and generated statements regarding health and health related issues in their communities. Concept systems software was used to create initial cluster maps, which were finalized during map interpretation sessions. Each of the clusters on the unique community maps represented a community health domain. The chosen domain labels and their ratings strongly reflected local First Nations, Inuit, and Métis understandings of health. Concept mapping is found to be an effective and culturally relevant community-based method for urban Aboriginal health research, building on traditional indigenous methods, encouraging cross-community participation and contributing to three unique health assessment tools that challenge existing illness-based narratives for these populations and reflect indigenous-specific social determinants of health.
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Krahn, Murray, Karen Bremner, Claire de Oliveira, Nisha Almeida, Fiona Clement, Diane Lorenzetti, Patricia O'Campo, Petros Pechlivanoglou, and Andrea Tricco. "OP78 Picturing ELSI+: Mapping Ethical, Legal, Social And Value Issues." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 35, S1 (2019): 19–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026646231900134x.
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IntroductionHealth technology assessment (HTA) is value-laden. Consideration of ethical, legal, and social issues (ELSI), and patient values (ELSI+), is challenged by lack of conceptual clarity and the multi-disciplinary nature of ELSI + . This study used concept mapping to identify key concepts in the ELSI+ domain and their interrelationships.MethodsWe conducted a scoping review using Medline and EMBASE (2000-2016, English language) with search terms related to ethics, legal/law, social/society/patient, “ELSI”, and HTA/technology/assessment. Items from the review and additional items from an expert brainstorming session were consolidated into 80 ELSI+-related statements which were entered into Concept Systems® Global MAX software. Participants (N = 38; 36 percent researchers, 21 percent academics; 42 percent self-identified as HTA experts) sorted the statements into thematic groups that made sense to them, and rated the statements on their importance in decision-making about adoption of technologies in Canada: 1 (not at all important), 5 (extremely important), 2, 3, and 4 (unlabeled). We used Concept Systems® Global MAX software to create and analyze concept maps with four to 16 clusters, which were reviewed by the study team.ResultsWe selected the map with five clusters because its clusters represented different concepts and the statements within each cluster represented the same concept. Based on the concepts, we named these clusters: patient preferences and experiences, patient quality of life and function, patient burden/harm, fairness, and organizational. The highest mean importance ratings were for the statements in the patient burden/harm (3.82) and organizational (3.92) clusters.ConclusionsThis study suggests an alternative approach to conceptualize the domains originally described as “ELSI+”. We identified clusters of relevant concepts that focus on patient perspectives (preferences, experiences, quality of life, function), burden and harm, fairness (individual and societal), and organizational issues. Basing ELSI+ on conceptual consonance, rather than academic disciplines or traditions, provides a framework for coherent consideration of ELSI+ in HTA.
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Keller, Abiola O. "A HEALTHY LIFE FOR AFRICAN AMERICAN WOMEN CARING FOR OLDER ADULTS: A CONCEPT MAPPING STUDY." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S108—S109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.404.
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Abstract Achieving optimal health and well-being among African American older adults with chronic conditions requires addressing the needs of their caregivers. This study aimed to elucidate how African American females caring for older adults view health and the factors that influence health. We identified African American women ages 24 to 64 caring for an adult 60 years or older for group concept mapping (GCM), a mixed-methods approach. Participants (N=25) first completed idea generation by providing unlimited short, free-text responses to the focus prompt, “A healthy life for a caregiver includes: ___.” The 512 identified factors were reduced to 99 unique ideas. Participants then sorted the 99 ideas into clusters based on conceptual similarity and rated each idea on desirability and familiarity. Ratings were recorded on a 5-point Likert scale, ranging from very undesirable to extremely desirable and not at all familiar to extremely familiar. Data were analyzed and mapped via CS Global Max software. A cluster map with 12 outcome domains best fits the data. Identified clusters included: (1) Spirituality, (2) Maintaining relationships, (3) Good character, (4) Action to cope, (5) Preserving self, (6) Support, (7) Personal empowerment, (8) Resources, (9) Release (10) Striving for peace, (11) Wellness, (12) Self-care. Seven of the 99 ideas (representing 5 of 12 domains) were rated as desirable but unfamiliar (“go zone”). We identified elements necessary for health and wellbeing from the perspective of African American caregivers. Go-zone items represent opportunities to intervene to promote the health of African American women caring for older adults.
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Phad, Allison, Shelly Johnston, Rachel G. Tabak, Stephanie Mazzucca, and Debra Haire-Joshu. "Developing priorities to achieve health equity through diabetes translation research: a concept mapping study." BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care 7, no. 1 (December 2019): e000851. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-000851.
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IntroductionThe goal of diabetes translation research is to advance research into practice and ensure equitable benefit from scientific evidence. This study uses concept mapping to inform and refine future directions of diabetes translation research with the goal of achieving health equity in diabetes prevention and control.Research design and methodsThis study used concept mapping and input from a national network of diabetes researchers and public health practitioners. Concept mapping is a mixed-method, participant-based process. First, participants generated statements by responding to a focus prompt (“To eliminate disparities and achieve health equity in the prevention and treatment of diabetes, research should…”). Participants then sorted statements by conceptual similarity and rated each statement on importance and feasibility (Likert scale of 1–5). A cluster map was created using multidimensional scaling and hierarchical cluster analysis; statements were plotted by average importance and feasibility.ResultsTen clusters were identified containing between 6 and 12 statements from 95 total generated statements. The ranges of average importance and feasibility ratings for clusters were fairly high and narrow (3.62–4.09; 3.10–3.93, respectively). Clusters with the most statements in the “go-zone” quadrant (above average importance/feasibility) were community and partner engagement (n=7), dissemination and implementation principles (n=4), and enrichment and capacity building (n=4). Clusters with the most statements in the “innovative-targets” quadrant (above average importance, below average feasibility) included next generation interventions (n=6), policy approaches (n=4), and interventions for specific populations (n=4).ConclusionsThis study created a framework of 10 priority areas to guide current and future efforts in diabetes translation research to achieve health equity. Themes rated as highly important and feasible provide the basis to evaluate current research support. Future efforts should explore how to best support innovative-targets, those rated highly important but less feasible.
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Pelletier, Claudia, and L. Martin Cloutier. "Conceptualising digital transformation in SMEs: an ecosystemic perspective." Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development 26, no. 6/7 (December 9, 2019): 855–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsbed-05-2019-0144.
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Purpose Supported by a service ecosystem that is increasingly immersed into digital transformation, small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have access to turnkey information technology (IT) applications, which may come free of charge but not free of concerns. The purpose of this paper is to explore a group conceptualisation and associated perceptions of IT issues within an ecosystem that includes three subgroup profiles: entrepreneurs, IT professionals and socioeconomic support professionals. Design/methodology/approach Using group concept mapping, a bottom-up and participatory mixed methods-based approach, a concept map was estimated, based on a list of items, to define seven clusters pertaining to issues and challenges of adoption and use of turnkey IT applications in SMEs of less than 20 employees. Perceptions measures of relative importance and feasibility were obtained by subgroup profiles. Findings The relative importance and relative feasibility measures for the seven clusters indicate significant statistical differences in ratings among the subgroup profiles. A discussion on the importance of relational capital in addressing challenges of digital transformation in SMEs is developed. Originality/value Results highlight signifiant differences concerning key dimensions in the adoption and use of IT from the perspective of three subgroup profiles of actors within the ecosystem. First, the results stress the need to develop a shared understanding of IT challenges. Second, they suggest policymakers could use these conceptual representations to further develop and strengthen the IT-related support agenda for SMEs, especially the smaller ones (e.g. training programs, business support and coaching initiatives, etc.).
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Donaldson, Alex, Kiera Staley, Matthew Cameron, Sarah Dowling, Erica Randle, Paul O’Halloran, Nicola McNeil, Arthur Stukas, and Matthew Nicholson. "The Challenges of Partnering to Promote Health through Sport." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 13 (July 5, 2021): 7193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18137193.
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Interagency partnerships and collaborations underpin a settings-based approach to health promotion in all settings, including sport. This study used an online concept mapping approach to explore the challenges that Regional Sports Assemblies (RSAs) in Victoria, Australia experienced when working in partnerships to develop and deliver physical activity programs in a community sport context. Participants from nine RSAs brainstormed 46 unique partnership-related challenges that they then sorted into groups based on similarity of meaning and rated for importance and capacity to manage (6-point scale; 0 = least, 5 = most). A six cluster map (number of statements in cluster, mean cluster importance and capacity ratings)—Co-design for regional areas (4, 4.22, 2.51); Financial resources (3, 4.00, 2.32); Localised delivery challenges (4, 3.72, 2.33); Challenges implementing existing State Sporting Association (SSA) products (9, 3.58, 2.23); Working with clubs (8, 3.43, 2.99); and Partnership engagement (18, 3.23, 2.95)—was considered the most appropriate interpretation of the sorted data. The most important challenge was Lack of volunteer time (4.56). Partnerships to implement health promotion initiatives in sports settings involve multiple challenges, particularly for regional sport organisations working in partnership with community sport clubs with limited human and financial resources, to implement programs developed by national or state-based organisations.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Concept map ratings"
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Jimenez, Laura. "Estimating the Reliability of Concept Map Ratings Using a Scoring Rubric Based on Three Attributes." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2010. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2284.
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Concept maps provide a way to assess how well students have developed an organized understanding of how the concepts taught in a unit are interrelated and fit together. However, concept maps are challenging to score because of the idiosyncratic ways in which students organize their knowledge (McClure, Sonak, & Suen, 1999). The construct a map or C-mapping" task has been shown to capture students' organized understanding. This "C-mapping" task involves giving students a list of concepts and asking them to produce a map showing how these concepts are interrelated. The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to determine to what extent the use of the restricted C-mapping technique coupled with the threefold scoring rubric produced reliable ratings of students conceptual understanding from two examinations, and (b) to project how the reliability of the mean ratings for individual students would likely vary as a function of the average number of raters and rating occasions from two examinations. Nearly three-fourths (73%) of the variability in the ratings for one exam and (43 %) of the variability for the other exam were due to dependable differences in the students' understanding detected by the raters. The rater inconsistencies were higher for one exam and somewhat lower for the other exam. The person-to-rater interaction was relatively small for one exam and somewhat higher for the other exam. The rater-by-occasion variance components were zero for both exams. The unexplained variance accounted for 19% on one exam and 14% on the other. The size of the reliability coefficient of student concept map scores varied across the two examinations. A reliability of .95 and .93 for relative and absolute decision was obtained for one exam. A reliability of .88 and .78. for absolute and relative decision was obtained for the other exam. Increasing the number of raters from one to two on one rating occasion would yield a greater increase in the reliability of the ratings at a lower cost than increasing the number of rating occasions. The same pattern holds for both exams.
Book chapters on the topic "Concept map ratings"
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Limsuwan, Ekasit. "Integration Concept of Sustainable Engineering." In Sustainable Structural Engineering, 9–24. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/sed014.009.
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<p>Modern civil engineering mega-projects dealing with buildings, bridges, and infrastructures take sustainable engineering into consideration for the development and execution of their proj-ects. Since sustainable development and sustainable engineering are rather broadly covered as global issues, each individual needs to take personal responsibility for environmental, social, and economic questions whose performance outcomes may impact the life cycle of the struc-ture. An integration concept on sustainable engineering will deal with emerging criteria and concept for a strategic approach to the planning, execution, operation, and maintenance phase of the building process. It can be shown that approaches to and strategies for these issues result from individual consciousness, national policies, and global actions. Current research has been conducted on the sustainability perspective of areas such as global climate changes, CO2 levels, life-cycle assessment (LCA), green design rating, emerging trends in sustainable engineering, and sustainability monitoring and evaluation criteria. However, there may still be more areas requiring further research to apply an integrated concept to emerging strategies for building a process to achieve the goals. Then the methods and procedures appropriate for each community or society can be explored. However, a quantifying performance method also needs to be used as a measure to guarantee satisfactory findings.</p>
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Varshavsky, L. E. "Concept of Smart City and Ict Risks." In Theory and Practice of Institutional Reforms in Russia: Collection of Scientific Works. Issue 50, 116–27. CEMI Russian Academy of Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33276/978-5-8211-0788-6-116-127.
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The article briefly analyzes trends in urban development. The definitions of «smart» cities are given; the features of a number of widely used ratings are analyzed. Development trends of the market of solutions for «smart» cities both in the world and in Russia are analyzed. Risks associated with the introduction of information and communication technologies (ICT) are discussed in detail, as well as still unresolved problems, which in the future may slow down the pace of implementation of «smart» cities projects
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Rathore, Maya, and Ugrasen Suman. "A Collaborative Ranking Approach for Discovery and Selection of Cloud Services." In Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Fifth Edition, 190–206. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3479-3.ch015.
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Cloud computing is getting more popular due to its extraordinary features such as on-demand availability of computing resources and software services. A variety of services have been deployed to offer analogous functionalities. However, the difficulty to identify reliable services has fascinated the attention of researchers. Thus, the trust and reputation concept have been introduced to evaluate the trustworthiness of services over cloud. Most of the existing research works fully trust on service user's feedback rating for ranking cloud services, which may often lead to biasness towards positive and negative feedback rating. To avoid aforementioned issues, this chapter proposes a novel approach to evaluate cloud service reputation along with cloud service reputation evaluation model to discover reliable cloud services. Experimental result shows that proposed approach provides effective solution for prediction of cloud service reputation, which can be helpful in performing reliable service discovery and selection over cloud.
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Koyuncugil, Ali Serhan, and Nermin Ozgulbas. "Social Aid Fraud Detection System and Poverty Map Model Suggestion Based on Data Mining for Social Risk Mitigation." In Data Mining, 2230–49. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-2455-9.ch114.
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After last global financial crisis, one of the most important concerns of the governments became unemployment. Higher unemployment rates haves been forcing governments to develop some policies. Some of these policies has been included financial policies while some of them included social policies. One of the most important concerns of social policies is social risk mitigation and fight against poverty and social aids as its extensions. In general, measurement of social events have been mostly based on subjective statements. More specifically, targeting mechanisms have been using for determination of potential social aid owners. Most popular targeting mechanisms are subjective ones as well. In this chapter, an objective targeting mechanism model and a fraud detection system model have been developed via data mining for social aids as an identifier of poverty levels which includes early warning signals for inappropriate applications. Then, these models have been used for development of a poverty map. Developed new targeting mechanism which has been based on rating approach will be an alternative to Means Test and Proxy Means Test. In addition, social aid fraud detection system will be updated automatic with Intelligent System property and the poverty map computation approach can be used for absence of detailed data. Furthermore, Millenium Development Goals, Targeting Mechanisms, Poverty and Poverty Maps concepts have been reviewed from an analytical and objective point of view.
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Koyuncugil, Ali Serhan, and Nermin Ozgulbas. "Social Aid Fraud Detection System and Poverty Map Model Suggestion Based on Data Mining for Social Risk Mitigation." In Surveillance Technologies and Early Warning Systems, 173–93. IGI Global, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-61692-865-0.ch009.
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After last global financial crisis, one of the most important concerns of the governments became unemployment. Higher unemployment rates haves been forcing governments to develop some policies. Some of these policies has been included financial policies while some of them included social policies. One of the most important concerns of social policies is social risk mitigation and fight against poverty and social aids as its extensions. In general, measurement of social events have been mostly based on subjective statements. More specifically, targeting mechanisms have been using for determination of potential social aid owners. Most popular targeting mechanisms are subjective ones as well. In this chapter, an objective targeting mechanism model and a fraud detection system model have been developed via data mining for social aids as an identifier of poverty levels which includes early warning signals for inappropriate applications. Then, these models have been used for development of a poverty map. Developed new targeting mechanism which has been based on rating approach will be an alternative to Means Test and Proxy Means Test. In addition, social aid fraud detection system will be updated automatic with Intelligent System property and the poverty map computation approach can be used for absence of detailed data. Furthermore, Millenium Development Goals, Targeting Mechanisms, Poverty and Poverty Maps concepts have been reviewed from an analytical and objective point of view.
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Marshall-Brown, Polly, Francesca Mazzola, Bruce McCormick, and Kate Stephens. "Critical Care." In Global Anaesthesia, 263–96. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198809821.003.0012.
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The concept of critical care in low-resource settings covers a very broad range of circumstances and settings from the ability to offer ventilation and inotropes through to an area with simply enhanced observations and/or nursing ratios. Low staffing and training levels on the general wards may necessitate admission of patients who simply require frequent observations and rapid recognition of deterioration; admission criteria may therefore be different to those in highly resourced settings. The chapter starts by describing the limits and challenges of providing critical care in low-resource settings and goes on to describe approaches to organ support. It then goes on to describe a pragmatic approach to caring for specific conditions in a low-resource critical care.
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Fink, Max. "Catatonia." In Oxford Textbook of Neuropsychiatry, edited by Niruj Agrawal, Rafey Faruqui, and Mayur Bodani, 437–46. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198757139.003.0036.
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For more than a century, catatonia has been considered a marker of the Kraepelin/Bleuler concept of schizophrenia. However, over the past half-century, it has been increasingly recognized as a separate entity, independently diagnosable and treatable. This chapter explores the diagnosis, treatment, and biological underpinnings of catatonia. Initially, it lists certain motor behaviours whose presentation might indicate catatonia, according to the Catatonia Rating Scale (CRS) such as mutism, delirium, and repetitive rhythmic acts. Through the intravenous administration of certain drugs, such as benzodiazepines, barbiturates, or gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) agonists, the effect on the patient’s CRS score is used to confirm the diagnosis. The treatment history of catatonia prior to the discovery of the efficacy of benzodiazepines and induced grand mal seizures (electroconvulsive therapy) is broached, such as chemically induced seizures and amobarbital. Finally, its different presentations are discussed, along with its consideration as a biological fear response.
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Mondreti, Prithi Venkatesh, and Malar G. "Sibling Disposition Towards Children With Special Needs." In Advances in Psychology, Mental Health, and Behavioral Studies, 97–109. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-4955-0.ch006.
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The background research leading to this chapter probed into the nature of disposition and dominant patterns of feelings displayed b typically developing siblings towards children with special needs arising out of communication disorders. The resultant findings may contribute of facilitation of constructive relationship between them. A survey type of research design was adopted for the purpose of collecting relevant data from primary caregivers of 34 children with communication disorders resulting from either sensory impairments, or neurodevelopmental disorders. An emotional-behavioral rating scale including 10 common dispositions of siblings towards children with special needs had been developed for the purpose following review of relevant literature. The caregiver-participants were to rate the frequency of manifestation of the emotions of behaviors described on a four-pointing rating scale of never, sometimes, often or always. Other relevant information like number of siblings, order of birth, gender of children with special needs, as well as educational and socio-economic status of the caregivers were collected. Analysis of the data revealed feelings of concern and care predominantly prevalent among siblings of children with special needs. Nevertheless, there is scope for further shaping the positive dispositions into constructive behaviors that support optimal development of children with special needs.
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Mondreti, Prithi Venkatesh, and Malar G. "Sibling Disposition Towards Children With Special Needs." In Research Anthology on Physical and Intellectual Disabilities in an Inclusive Society, 1509–22. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-3542-7.ch079.
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The background research leading to this chapter probed into the nature of disposition and dominant patterns of feelings displayed b typically developing siblings towards children with special needs arising out of communication disorders. The resultant findings may contribute of facilitation of constructive relationship between them. A survey type of research design was adopted for the purpose of collecting relevant data from primary caregivers of 34 children with communication disorders resulting from either sensory impairments, or neurodevelopmental disorders. An emotional-behavioral rating scale including 10 common dispositions of siblings towards children with special needs had been developed for the purpose following review of relevant literature. The caregiver-participants were to rate the frequency of manifestation of the emotions of behaviors described on a four-pointing rating scale of never, sometimes, often or always. Other relevant information like number of siblings, order of birth, gender of children with special needs, as well as educational and socio-economic status of the caregivers were collected. Analysis of the data revealed feelings of concern and care predominantly prevalent among siblings of children with special needs. Nevertheless, there is scope for further shaping the positive dispositions into constructive behaviors that support optimal development of children with special needs.
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Reynard, Leslie J. "Troll Farm." In Advances in Media, Entertainment, and the Arts, 392–419. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8535-0.ch021.
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Anonymity can create cowards. Perceptions of mistreatment can create an urge for revenge. And online social media platforms create opportunities to exact vengeance. This chapter provides an overview of online character assassination as it has evolved within a profusion of social media sites offering forums for uncensored airing of opinions. When opinions constitute political speech, they can be life-threatening. When opinions are commercial speech rating character and competence of professionals, digital defamation can threaten livelihood. In commercial arenas, victims often feel helpless to protect their reputations; however, some legal remedies may be available. This essay investigates the nature of abusive communication online, the role anonymity plays in digital attacks, and psychological characteristics associated with trolls and cyber-bullies. Case studies of individuals' efforts to defend themselves from online character assassination illustrate concepts discussed and strategies being used for online reputational self-defense.
Conference papers on the topic "Concept map ratings"
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Chen, Ting-Ju, Ronak R. Mohanty, Miguel A. Hoffmann Rodriguez, and Vinayak R. Krishnamurthy. "Collaborative Mind-Mapping: A Study of Patterns, Strategies, and Evolution of Maps Created by Peer-Pairs." In ASME 2019 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-98125.
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Abstract We present a study on collaborative mind-mapping to understand how peers collaborate in pairs to create mind-maps, how the maps evolve over time, and how collaboration changes between the peer-pair across multiple maps. Mind-mapping is an important tool that is studied and taught in design practice and research respectively. While widely used as a brainstorming technique, the collaborative aspects of mind-mapping are little understood in comparison to other ideation methods such as concept sketching etc. In addition to presenting creativity ratings on the outcome (i.e. the mind-map), we extensively report on the patterns of collaborative exploration, strategies that emerge from the collaborators, inhibition, and the overall process of map creation. We discuss the implications of these observations on the development of computer-support for mind-mapping.
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Green, Matthew, Carolyn Conner Seepersad, and Katja Hölttä-Otto. "Crowd-Sourcing the Evaluation of Creativity in Conceptual Design: A Pilot Study." In ASME 2014 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2014-34434.
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Creativity is often considered to be a critical aspect of engineering innovation and successful product design. Many methods have been proposed for enhancing creativity, originality, and innovation. When these methods are tested, the experiment often generates large numbers of concepts that must be evaluated by experts in a time-consuming process. Similarly, the increased use of crowd-sourcing for generating concepts often leads to a plethora of alternatives that must be evaluated. Accordingly, engineering design practitioners and researchers alike often find themselves evaluating large numbers of concepts. In this paper, the feasibility of using non-experts to evaluate engineering creativity is investigated. Dozens of students at two universities are asked to rate the originality of several different solutions to a design problem, for which validated expert ratings are available. Results indicate that it is possible to extract expert-level ratings from the non-expert student raters by focusing on the student raters with excellent inter-rater agreement amongst themselves and by training the students with example problems prior to the rating exercise. These results suggest that it may be possible to evaluate originality reliably with a large set of novice raters, perhaps with a Mechanical Turk type of approach.
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Devereux, B., and R. Singh. "Use of Computer Simulation Techniques to Assess Thrust Rating as a Means of Reducing Turbo-Jet Life Cycle Costs." In ASME 1994 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/94-gt-269.
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This paper investigates the concept of thrust rating as a means towards reducing the life cycle costs of turbo-jet engine ownership. Towards this end, the concepts of life usage and thrust rating will be discussed to provide a clear understanding of the goals and methods involved in this investigation. In general, all “serviceable” engines will experience varying levels of performance above baseline values. Thrust rating ideally seeks to limit engine performance to baseline values, thereby converting performance into life. In particular, this paper will present a general computer simulation technique that may be applied to any turbo-jet engine to quantify the life cycle savings resulting from the adoption of thrust rating techniques. The inter-relationships that exist between thrust rating and many practical in-service aspects of turbo-jet usage including performance degradation, operational roles and maintenance practices and policies will be investigated. Some strengths and limitations of the simulation technique will also be identified. This paper will discuss general guidelines for investigating the feasibility of performing thrust rating on various turbo-jet engines. While this technique is likely to be of greatest interest to users of high performance military turbo-jet engines, its principles can be adapted for other gas turbine uses.
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Haglind, Fredrik, Henrik Edefur, and Stefan Olsson. "Design of a Solid Propellant Air Turbo Rocket for a Tactical Air-Launched Missile." In ASME Turbo Expo 2007: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2007-27826.
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Traditionally, air-launched missiles are powered by a turbojet engine, rocket motor or a ramjet engine. A novel concept that may offer advantages over these concepts is the Air Turbo Rocket (ATR), which is a combined cycle engine, featuring a cycle where the turbine is isolated from the core engine flow entirely and powered by a separate gas generator. This paper is aimed at assessing the suitability of the solid propellant ATR as power source for a tactical air-launched missile. The ATR cycle is designed to achieve optimum performance, and a suitable solid propellant is selected. In addition, a turbojet and a solid rocket motor are designed for the same requirements, and the performances of these three engine concepts are compared. The ATR offers high thrust to weight and thrust to frontal area weight ratios, throttleability, and a wide speed-altitude operating envelope. The calculations suggest that, provided that the afterburning cooling issues can be solved, it would be reasonable to design the ATR such that a stoichiometric fuel/air mixture is obtained in the afterburner. For the Mach number range evaluated here, the ATR may offer advantages over the turbojet and the solid propellant rocket motor.
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Schneider, Michael, Jens Dickhoff, Karsten Kusterer, Wilfried Visser, Eike Stumpf, Jan-Philipp Hofmann, and Dieter Bohn. "Development of a Gas Turbine Concept for Electric Power Generation in a Commercial Hybrid Electric Aircraft." In ASME Turbo Expo 2019: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2019-92065.
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Abstract Civil aviation is growing 4.7% per annum. Alternative propulsion systems are necessary to reduce emissions causing global warming. The electrification of aircraft propulsion systems has the potential to use renewable energy and reduce the environmental footprint of aviation. At present, full electric flight appears to be feasible for small aircraft only, due to the power density of batteries which is approximately 45-times lower than that of kerosene. Hybrid electric concepts may present a bridging technology towards more electrified aviation for short/mid-range aircraft. The hybrid concept combines the benefits of electrical power with conventional turboshaft engine technology. Within the framework of the ‘HyFly’ project (supported by the German Luftfahrtforschungsprogramm LuFo V-3), a hybrid electric concept for a short/mid-range 19 PAX aircraft is studied. In this paper the results of a preliminary design exercise of the gas turbine used in this concept is presented. Conventional aircraft gas turbines deliver maximum power only at take-off for a short period of time. At this power setting temperature and stress levels are at the extreme and dominate overall engine life consumption. In the HyFly concept, the gas turbine inlet temperature is kept constant during the entire flight. The engine is not driven into the extreme take-off power setting, resulting in a significant increase of engine life. The constant power setting also offers the opportunity to optimize efficiency especially around the base load point. For take-off and an emergency power rating, extra power is provided by batteries. In this paper, a survey of existing engine technology is presented considering suitability for the concept. The impact of improvement of component efficiencies, increase in cycle pressure ratio and turbine inlet temperature, relative to the state-of-the-art, is analyzed using a B&B-AGEMA in-house gas turbine simulation tool. In addition, a weight model is presented for preliminary estimation of engine mass. Finally, requirements for the individual gas turbine sub-component design and performance are defined. This will build the basis for further component design.
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Goucher-Lambert, Kosa, Joshua T. Gyory, Kenneth Kotovsky, and Jonathan Cagan. "Computationally Derived Adaptive Inspirational Stimuli for Real-Time Design Support During Concept Generation." In ASME 2019 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-98188.
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Abstract Design activity can be supported using inspirational stimuli (e.g., analogies, patents, etc.), by helping designers overcome impasses or in generating solutions with more positive characteristics during ideation. Design researchers typically generate inspirational stimuli a priori in order to investigate their impact. However, for a chosen stimulus to possess maximal utility, it should automatically reflect the current and ongoing progress of the designer. In this work, designers receive computationally selected inspirational stimuli midway through an ideation session in response to the state of their current solution. Sourced from a broad database of related example solutions, the semantic similarity between the content of the current design and concepts within the database determine which potential stimulus is received. Designers receive a particular stimulus based on three experimental conditions: a semantically near stimulus, a semantically far stimulus, or no stimulus (control). Results indicate that adaptive inspirational stimuli can be determined using Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) and that semantic similarity measures are a promising approach for real-time monitoring of the design process. The ability to achieve differentiable near vs. far stimuli was validated using both semantic cosine similarity values and participant self-response ratings. As a further contribution, this work also explores the impact of different types of adaptive inspirational stimuli on design outcomes. Here, near inspirational stimuli increase the feasibility of design solutions. Results also demonstrate the significant impact of the overall inspirational stimulus innovativeness on final design outcomes, which may be greater than differences across individual sub-dimensions.
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Jeschke, Peter, and Andreas Penkner. "A Novel Gas Generator Concept for Jet Engines Using a Rotating Combustion Chamber." In ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2013-95574.
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A gas generator — consisting of a single-stage shrouded mixed-flow compressor without a diffusor, a rotating combustion chamber, and a vaneless single-stage shrouded centripetal turbine — is presented and analyzed here. All components comprise a coherent rotating device, which avoids most of the problems usually associated with small gas generators. In other words, the concept avoids all radial clearances, it is vaneless, shortens the combustion chamber, minimizes the wetted area and enables ceramic materials to be used, due to compressive blade stresses. However, the concept faces severe structural, thermal and chemical reaction challenges. All these features and their implications are discussed and their benefits for several jet engines are quantified, mainly by means of thermodynamic cycle calculations. An upfront CFD analysis identifies a polytropic compressor efficiency of around 95%. It is then demonstrated that the concept offers a thrust-to-weight ratio which is several times higher than the standard when incorporated into small UAV-type jet engines. It also enables an attractive multistage and dual-flow, but fully vaneless design option. Lastly, a thermal efficiency increase of several percentage points would be achieved, if the concept were to be realized in the (small) core of turbofans with highest overall pressure ratios and high bypass ratios. In summary, the paper presents a gas generator approach which may be considered by designers of small jet engines like those used in UAV applications and it might even be a (challenging) long-term option for the small core engines encountered in future turbofans and turboprops.
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Schöning, Finn, and Dragan Kozulovic. "The Heron Fan: Concept Description and Preliminary Aerothermodynamic Analysis." In ASME Turbo Expo 2018: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2018-76529.
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The Heron Fan is a new concept of a fuel powered jet engine that does not utilize a conventional core engine. The fan, a single axial compressor of high diameter, creates thrust, similar to a turbofan. Its blades are hollow with inner channels to transport the core air from the hub to the tip, inducing radial compression. The combustion chamber is located in the casing region, either integrated in the blades or in an external ring. After burning, the core air is returned to the blades and is blown out through an expansion device with a large component in circumferential direction. This propels the fan in the opposite direction. The expansion device may be realized by nozzles integrated in the blade trailing edge or by turbine stages integrated in the blade tip region. Subsequently, the core air mixes with the bypass air, which passes the fan axially, and ejects through the main nozzle, producing thrust. To achieve higher compression ratios, it is possible to install core air compressor stages ahead of the fan. The main purpose of this concept is to reduce weight and complexity of the engine, leading to lower production and operating costs. This is achieved by simplifying the engine architecture, integrating the functions and shortening some of the components. In particular, the core engine has been rearranged, thus eliminating the second and in some cases the third shaft. Further, the complete expansion and parts of the compression have been integrated in the fan blade. To assess the aero-thermodynamic parameters, a preliminary cycle analysis has been done, where the most influential parameters were varied. The results show, that the above listed benefits can be achieved while maintaining an efficiency comparable to conventional turbofans. Further, a feasibility study in terms of geometry, internal flow, component implementation and installation has been done, in order to qualify the concept and to identify the most critical aspects. To incorporate the corresponding thoughts and results, as well as to find and eliminate conceptual conflicts and opposing trends, a CAD model has been generated. Overall, the results are sound and encouraging, hence justifying future investigations. However, the Heron Fan concept also brings structural, thermal and aerodynamic challenges which are illustrated and briefly discussed, but still need detailed investigation.
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Anton, Nicholas, Magnus Genrup, Carl Fredriksson, Per-Inge Larsson, and Anders Christiansen-Erlandsson. "On the Choice of Turbine Type for a Twin-Turbine Heavy-Duty Turbocharger Concept." In ASME Turbo Expo 2018: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2018-75452.
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In this study, a fundamental approach to the choice of turbocharger turbine for a pulse-charged heavy-duty diesel engine is presented. A standard six-cylinder engine build with a production exhaust manifold and a Twin-scroll turbocharger is used as a baseline case. The engine exhaust configuration is redesigned and evaluated in engine simulations for a pulse-charged concept consisting of a parallel twin-turbine layout. This concept will allow for pulse separation with minimized exhaust pulse interference and low exhaust manifold volume. This turbocharger concept is uncommon, as most previous studies have considered two stage systems, various multiple entry turbine stages etc. Even more rare is the fundamental aspect regarding the choice of turbine type as most manufacturers tend to focus on radial turbines, which by far dominate the turbochargers of automotive and heavy-duty applications. By characterizing the turbine operation with regards to turbine parameters for optimum performance found in literature a better understanding of the limitations of turbine types can be achieved. A compact and low volume exhaust manifold design is constructed for the turbocharger concept and the reference radial turbine map is scaled in engine simulations to a pre-set AFR-target at a low engine RPM. By obtaining crank-angle-resolved data from engine simulations, key turbine parameters are studied with regard to the engine exhaust pulse-train. At the energetic exhaust pressure pulse peak, the reference radial turbine is seen to operate with suboptimum values of Blade-Speed-Ratio, Stage Loading and Flow Coefficient. The study concludes that in order to achieve high turbine efficiency for this pulse-charged turbocharger concept, a turbine with efficiency optimum towards low Blade-Speed Ratios, high Stage Loading and high Flow Coefficient is required. An axial turbine of low degree of reaction-design could be viable in this respect.
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Taagepera, Jaan. "The Case for MACA: The Optimization of Corrosion Allowance." In ASME 2016 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2016-63074.
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Engineers are taught to optimize. In the case of pressure vessel design, one means of optimizing the steel which is used is to increase the rated pressure capacity of the vessel beyond the design needs. This optimized pressure is formally known by the term MAWP or Maximum Allowable Working Pressure. Of historical interest, this concept has existed for over 100 years, with the MAWP formula for cylindrical shells being tracable back to the original edition of the Boiler Code. However, other variables in vessel design can also be optimized. In addition to pressure, consideration can be given to temperature or corrosion allowance. Increasing the temperature has the effect of reducing the basic allowable tensile stress as well as the allowable compressive stress and flange ratings. In the case of some specialty vessels such as reactors with exothermic reactions adding a few degrees to the design temperature may be very beneficial. But virtually all vessels degrade in some manner, most often corrosion but sometimes via erosion or other degradation mechanisms. Significant amounts of time and effort are spent with unnecessary shutdowns, repairs, and / or fitness for service (FFS) evaluations all of which might have been avoided or deferred for years had the vessel originally been optimized for corrosion allowance. The term Maximum Allowable Corrosion Allowance or MACA is used to describe this approach. This paper presents some arguments in favor of optimizing the corrosion allowance of pressure vessels, using a MACA based optimization for the design of new vessels rather than a pressure optimization or MAWP philosophy.