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Journal articles on the topic 'Concept of causality'

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Published: 18 May 2024

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1

Ben-Menahem, Yemima. "Struggling with Causality: Einstein's Case." Science in Context 6, no. 1 (1993): 291–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889700001393.

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The ArgumentEinstein's concept of causality as analyzed in this paper is a thick concept comprised of: (a) regularity; (b) locality; (c) symmetry considerations leading to conservation laws; (d) mutuality of causal interaction. The main theses are: 1. Since (b)–(d) are not elements of Hume's concept of causality, Einstein's concept, the concept embedded in the theory of relativity, is manifestly non–Humean. 2. On a Humean conception, Newtonian mechanics is a paradigmatically causal theory. Einstein, however, regarded this theory as causally deficient, for it fails to comply with both (b) and (d). Special relativity was (partly) motivated by the wish to correct the first of these failures; general relativity the second. 3. Ironically, general relativity, based on the thick concept of causality, opens the way for a conventionalist understanding of that concept. 4. With regard to human freedom, Einstein professed to be a Spinozist. However, he suggested a version of soft determinism, not found in Spinoza.
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S. Hassan, Mohamed, and Engy H Abdel Hafez. "Some Epistemological and Ontological Reflections on Concept of Causality: From Scientific Causality to Contextual Causality." Journal of Arts and Social Sciences [JASS] 13, no. 3 (2022): 17–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.53542/jass.v13i3.5416.

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This research tries to present a critical analysis of the concept of scientific causality and the problems it entails within the scientific domain. This study claims that scientific causality is not enough to understand the nature of relationships existing among the members of a chain and it is concerned with the possible action of correspondence apart from the context of action. It is argued here that all types of scientific causality fail to reflect the flexible nature of members of any possible correlation. This paper offers the concept "contextual causality" as a possible alternative perspective that reflects both the variable and elastic nature of the elements of correlation and discusses the relationship between the context and the process of correlation. The introduction of the concept of contextual causality raises new metaphysical and epistemological issues that can be solved from the perspective of structural idealism. 
 Keyword: Causality, Contextualism, Structuralism, Structural Idealism, Linear Causality, Epistemology.
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Hassan, Mohamed S. Hassan Engy H. Abdel Hafez. "Some Epistemological and Ontological Reflections on Concept of Causality: From Scientific Causality to Contextual Causality." مجلة القراءة والمعرفة 22, no. 243 (2022): 1–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/mrk.2022.215067.

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4

Bosman, Alexander. "Causality under Tax Treaties." Intertax 44, Issue 5 (2016): 392–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/taxi2016031.

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This article examines the concept of causality, a somewhat underexposed aspect of categorizing income under the distributive rules of tax treaties. The author gives his views on causality under tax treaties, and suggests a method of approaching this concept.
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Silvia, Bayu, and Masudul Choudhury. "A Critique of Ibn Khaldun’s Causality Concept." Journal of King Abdulaziz University-Islamic Economics 21, no. 1 (2008): 49–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4197/islec.21-1.3.

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6

Valjarevic, Dragana, and Ljiljana Petrovic. "Concept of statistical causality and local martingales." University Thought - Publication in Natural Sciences 6, no. 1 (2016): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/univtho6-10968.

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7

Norsen, Travis. "John S. Bell’s concept of local causality." American Journal of Physics 79, no. 12 (2011): 1261–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.3630940.

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8

Mitsis, Phillip. "The concept of causality in presocratic philosophy." History of European Ideas 10, no. 4 (1989): 490–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0191-6599(89)90017-x.

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9

Nobre, Bruno, and Ricardo Barroso Batista. "Causality: Contemporary Approaches." Revista Portuguesa de Filosofia 77, no. 4 (2022): 1141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17990/rpf/2021_77_4_1141.

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From the dawn of philosophy, with pre-Socratic thinkers, to the present day, the concept of causality continues to captivate and divide philosophers in all areas. On the one hand, as it is a fundamental concept for understanding the World and its dynamism, the notion of causality remains attractive. On the other hand, it is a source of discord, since it can be understood and thought of in different ways, which leads to contradictory visions about reality. In face of these two stances, the contemporary philosophical debate about the nature of causality is fragmented into a large number of positions, each of which implies a different worldview. In this context, this issue of Revista Portuguesa de Filosofia (RPF) intends to contribute to the philosophical reflection on the challenges posed by the different perspectives on causality and corresponding problematics.
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Գրաբսկի, Մ. Ա., Մ. Գ. Կճանյան та Ա. Մ. Գրաբսկի. "ԴԵՏԵՐՄԻՆԻԶՄԻ ՍԿԶԲՈՒՆՔԸ ԿԼԻՆԻԿԱԿԱՆ ԲԺՇԿՈՒԹՅԱՆ ՄԵՋ". MEDICINE, SCIENCE AND EDUCATION, № 33 (травень 2022): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.56936/18291775-2022.33-42.

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The article discusses some philosophical and methodological topical aspects of the principles of determinism and causality in theoretical and clinical medicine. The problem of determinism is of great methodological importance in the doctrine of etiology and pathogenesis. The article substantiates the idea that the categories “determinism” and “causality” are not identical in their content, since in terms of logical volume, determinism is a broader concept than causality. The article analyzes the evolution of ontological and gnoseological concepts of understanding the problem of determinism and causality in medicine, in particular, some topical issues of therapy, diagnosis and prevention of diseases in the context of this problem. Causal relationships are considered as a specific type of deterministic relationships, and any condition and factor as a specific determinant. The article pays special attention to the meaningful analysis of such concepts as “factorial etymology”, “causal etiology” and also provides a comparative analysis of these concepts. Gneseologically one of the most difficult debatable and underexplored problems of the theory of determinism is the concept of polyetiology, mono-etiology in the context of casual relations.
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11

Smith, Quentin. "The Concept of a Cause of the Universe." Canadian Journal of Philosophy 23, no. 1 (1993): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00455091.1993.10717308.

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I shall argue in this paper that extant definitions of causality are incorrect since they do not cohere in the proper way with the concept of a cause of the universe. This lack of coherence is twofold. (i) For some extant definitions of a cause, there are possible instances of the concept of a cause of the universe that do not satisfy the definitions. (ii) For these or other extant definitions, there are entities or occurrences (in some possible world) that are not instances of the concept of a cause of the universe but that count as causes of the universe according to the definitions. This failure of coherence between extant definitions of causality and the concept of a cause of the universe entails either that there is some other (as yet unformulated) definition of a cause that is correct or that causality is indefinable. I shall suggest in the conclusion of this paper that it is more plausible to believe that causality is indefinable.
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12

PETROVIĆ, LJILJANA, and DRAGANA VALJAREVIĆ. "STATISTICAL CAUSALITY AND MARTINGALE REPRESENTATION PROPERTY WITH APPLICATION TO STOCHASTIC DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS." Bulletin of the Australian Mathematical Society 90, no. 2 (2014): 327–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000497271400029x.

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AbstractThe paper considers a statistical concept of causality in continuous time between filtered probability spaces, based on Granger’s definition of causality. This causality concept is connected with the preservation of the martingale representation property when the filtration is getting smaller. We also give conditions, in terms of causality, for every martingale to be a continuous semimartingale, and we consider the equivalence between the concept of causality and the preservation of the martingale representation property under change of measure. In addition, we apply these results to weak solutions of stochastic differential equations. The results can be applied to the economics of securities trading.
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13

Petrovic, Ljiljana, and Dragana Valjarevic. "Statistical causality and local uniqueness for solutions of the martingale problem." Filomat 32, no. 8 (2018): 2851–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fil1808851p.

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In this paper we consider the concept of statistical causality between filtrations associated with stopping times, which is based on Granger?s definition of causality. Especially, we consider a generalization of a causality relationship ?G is a cause of E within H? from fixed to stopping time. Then we apply the given causality concept to local uniqueness for the solution of the martingale problem. Also, we give some applications in finance.
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14

FUJITA, ANDRÉ, JOÃO RICARDO SATO, KANAME KOJIMA, et al. "IDENTIFICATION OF GRANGER CAUSALITY BETWEEN GENE SETS." Journal of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology 08, no. 04 (2010): 679–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219720010004860.

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Wiener and Granger have introduced an intuitive concept of causality (Granger causality) between two variables which is based on the idea that an effect never occurs before its cause. Later, Geweke generalized this concept to a multivariate Granger causality, i.e. n variables Granger-cause another variable. Although Granger causality is not "effective causality" in the Aristothelic sense, this concept is useful to infer directionality and information flow in observational data. Granger causality is usually identified by using VAR (Vector Autoregressive) models due to their simplicity. In the last few years, several VAR-based models were presented in order to model gene regulatory networks. Here, we generalize the multivariate Granger causality concept in order to identify Granger causalities between sets of gene expressions, i.e. whether a set of n genes Granger-causes another set of m genes, aiming at identifying the flow of information between gene networks (or pathways). The concept of Granger causality for sets of variables is presented. Moreover, a method for its identification with a bootstrap test is proposed. This method is applied in simulated and also in actual biological gene expression data in order to model regulatory networks. This concept may be useful for the understanding of the complete information flow from one network or pathway to the other, mainly in regulatory networks. Linking this concept to graph theory, sink and source can be generalized to node sets. Moreover, hub and centrality for sets of genes can be defined based on total information flow. Another application is in annotation, when the functionality of a set of genes is unknown, but this set is Granger-caused by another set of genes which is well studied. Therefore, this information may be useful to infer or construct some hypothesis about the unknown set of genes.
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15

Kasai, Tadashi. "The Concept of Causality in Dogen and Spinoza." JOURNAL OF INDIAN AND BUDDHIST STUDIES (INDOGAKU BUKKYOGAKU KENKYU) 37, no. 2 (1989): 752–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4259/ibk.37.752.

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16

Bakker, Bram. "The concept of circular causality should be discarded." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 28, no. 2 (2005): 195–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x05230042.

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This commentary argues that one specific but central concept in Lewis's theory, circular causality, is fundamentally flawed and should be discarded – first, because it does not make theoretical sense, and, second, because it leads to problems in practice, such as confounding the interaction between different systems with the relationship between different levels of analysis of a single system.
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17

Granger, C. W. J. "Some recent development in a concept of causality." Journal of Econometrics 39, no. 1-2 (1988): 199–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-4076(88)90045-0.

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18

Valjarević, Dragana. "Concepts of Statistical Causality and Strong and Weak Properties of Predictable Representation." Mathematics 12, no. 5 (2024): 722. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math12050722.

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The paper considers the statistical concept of causality in continuous time, which is based on Granger’s definition of causality. We give necessary and sufficient conditions, in terms of statistical causality, for the preservation of the strong property of predictable representation for stopped martingales when filtration is decreased. This concept of causality is also connected to the preservation of the strong property of predictable representation under a change in measure. In addition, we give conditions, in terms of statistical causality, for martingales to have strong and weak properties of predictable representation. The results are applied to the problem of pricing claims in incomplete financial markets.
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19

Olavo, L. S. F., Ademir E. Santana, and Samuel Simon. "Causation, Symmetry and Quantum Physics: Space-like Causality and Conserved Quantities." Revista Portuguesa de Filosofia 77, no. 4 (2022): 1381–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.17990/rpf/2021_77_4_1381.

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This work addresses the problem of causation in physics, as for quantum fields, the fundamental theory describing elementary particle physics. Three basic elements are used as methodological concepts: a) the notion of mass-point and the notion of a field (as quantum field) describing a physical system (both concepts are used in physics to characterize elementary particles); b) the notion of state of a mass-point and of a field; c) the notion of causality among states, which are defined by symmetries. Then time and space changes include a space-like causality. These elements are discussed by using the definition of measurement, associated with the notion of symmetry. The derived results give rise to a generalization of the concept of causality, since a mechanical system includes mass-points, fields, and systems composed of mass-points and fields, together. In addition, conserved quantities, founding some causality theories, are generalized due to the notion of symmetry associated with causality.
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20

Eichler, Michael. "A graphical approach for evaluating effective connectivity in neural systems." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 360, no. 1457 (2005): 953–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2005.1641.

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The identification of effective connectivity from time-series data such as electroencephalogram (EEG) or time-resolved function magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) recordings is an important problem in brain imaging. One commonly used approach to inference effective connectivity is based on vector autoregressive models and the concept of Granger causality. However, this probabilistic concept of causality can lead to spurious causalities in the presence of latent variables. Recently, graphical models have been used to discuss problems of causal inference for multivariate data. In this paper, we extend these concepts to the case of time-series and present a graphical approach for discussing Granger-causal relationships among multiple time-series. In particular, we propose a new graphical representation that allows the characterization of spurious causality and, thus, can be used to investigate spurious causality. The method is demonstrated with concurrent EEG and fMRI recordings which are used to investigate the interrelations between the alpha rhythm in the EEG and blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) responses in the fMRI. The results confirm previous findings on the location of the source of the EEG alpha rhythm.
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21

Mubarok, Frenky. "Relasi antara Tuhan dan Manusia Menurut Pandangan Ibrāhīm al-Kurānī." Teosofi: Jurnal Tasawuf dan Pemikiran Islam 7, no. 1 (2017): 119–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15642/teosofi.2017.7.1.119-145.

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This article describes the concepts of relationship of God and man from theological point of view along with Sufism. It focuses on Ibrāhīm al-Kurānī’s view on the issue. This article confirms that al-Kurānī attempts to reconcile theological views of Ash‘arīyah and the divine worldviews of the Sufis, especially that of Ibn ‘Arabī’s philosophical Sufism. Al-Kurānī argues that there has been interconnectedness between common concepts expressed by the Sufis such as waḥdat al-wujūd and tajallī and the concept of al-kasb promulgated by Ash‘arīyah. The author finds that the concepts of ittiḥād and ḥulūl are not two mystical concepts that explain the relationship of God and man, rather these two concepts are a mere psychological condition sensed and experienced by the Sufis who try to enter the realm of ma‘rifat. Al-Kūrānī also argues that the relation of God and man can be explained through the concept of tajallī. He sees that this concept is compatible with Ash‘arīyah’s concept of al-kasb. Al-Kūrānī adds that causality is not an undoubtedly exact matter. It means that the causality does not discord against the notion of waḥdat al-wujūd.
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22

Usó-Domenech, Jose-Luis, Josué Antonio Nescolarde-Selva, and Miguel Lloret-Climent. "Causality in complex systems." Kybernetes 46, no. 4 (2017): 590–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/k-08-2016-0195.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is the study of the causal relationship. The concept called “naive” causality can be stated more generally as the belief (or knowledge) that results follow actions, and that these results are not random, but are consistently linked with causes. The authors have thus formed a very general and precarious concept of causality, but one that appropriately reflects the meaning of causality at the level of common sense. Design/methodology/approach Mathematical and logical development of the causality in complex systems. Findings There are three aspects of rationality that give the human mind a unique vision of reality: quantification: reduction of phenomena to quantitative terms; cause and effect: causal relationship, which allows predicting; and the necessary and valid use of (deterministic) mechanical models. This work is dedicated to the second aspect, that of causality, but at present leaves aside the discussion of possibility-necessity, proposing a modification to philosophical synthesis of causality specified by Bunge (1959), with contributions made by Patten et al. (1976) and LeShan and Margenau (1982). Originality/value Causality is an epistemological category, because it concerns the experience and knowledge of the human subject, without being necessarily a property of reality.
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23

Valjarević, Dragana, Vladica Stojanović, and Aleksandar Valjarević. "Application of the Concept of Statistical Causality in Integrable Increasing Processes and Measures." Axioms 13, no. 2 (2024): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/axioms13020124.

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In this paper, we investigate an application of the statistical concept of causality, based on Granger’s definition of causality, on raw increasing processes as well as on optional and predictable measures. A raw increasing process is optional (predictable) if the bounded (left-continuous) process X, associated with the measure μA(X), is self-caused. Also, the measure μA(X) is optional (predictable) if an associated process X is self-caused with some additional assumptions. Some of the obtained results, in terms of self-causality, can be directly applied to defining conditions for an optional stopping time to become predictable.
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24

Lee, Myung Hyun. "Report on Symposium: Thee Concept of Causality on Science." Journal of Nurses Academic Society 16, no. 3 (1986): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4040/jnas.1986.16.3.5.

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25

Hobbs, Jerry R. "Toward a Useful Concept of Causality for Lexical Semantics." Journal of Semantics 22, no. 2 (2005): 181–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jos/ffh024.

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26

Kovač, Srećko. "On causality as the fundamental concept of Gödel’s philosophy." Synthese 197, no. 4 (2018): 1803–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11229-018-1771-2.

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27

Eichler, Michael. "Causal inference with multiple time series: principles and problems." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 371, no. 1997 (2013): 20110613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2011.0613.

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I review the use of the concept of Granger causality for causal inference from time-series data. First, I give a theoretical justification by relating the concept to other theoretical causality measures. Second, I outline possible problems with spurious causality and approaches to tackle these problems. Finally, I sketch an identification algorithm that learns causal time-series structures in the presence of latent variables. The description of the algorithm is non-technical and thus accessible to applied scientists who are interested in adopting the method.
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28

Retolaza, José Luis. "Causality problem in Economic Science." Cuadernos de Gestión 7, no. 2 (2007): 39–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5295/cdg.19146jr.

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The main point of the paper is the problem of the economy to be consider like a science in the most strict term of the concept. In the first step we are going to tackle a presentation about what we understand by science to subsequently present some of the fallacies which have bring certain scepticism about the scientific character of the investigation in economy, to know: 1) The differences between hard and weak sciences -physics and social; 2) The differences between paradigm, positivist and phenomenological y 3) The differences between physic causality and historic causality. In the second step we are going to talk about two fundamental problems which are questioned: 1) the confusion between ontology and gnoseology and 2) the erroneous concept of causality that commonly is used. In the last step of the paper we are going over the recent models of «causal explanation» and we suggest the probabilistic casualty development next with a more elaborated models of causal explanation, like a way to conjugate the scientific severity with the possibility to tackle complex economic realities.
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29

Schick, Friedrike. "Freedom and necessity: the transition to the logic of the concept in Hegel's Science of Logic." Hegel Bulletin 35, no. 1 (2014): 84–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/hgl.2014.5.

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Whether freedom and causal necessity can coexist in the same world remains a contested question. In this article, I seek to show that Hegel's analysis of the category of causality, which concludes in the transition from the logic of essence to the logic of the concept, can help to elucidate this question itself. Starting with a short characterization of the positions in Kant's account of the ‘antinomy of freedom’ in his Critique of Pure Reason, I reconstruct the main sections of Hegel's account of causality in his Science of Logic. Holding the two accounts together shows that both proponent and opponent in the ‘antinomy of freedom’ are misled in that there are not two different kinds of causality at issue but rather two intrinsically connected moments of causality as such.
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30

Spengler, Thomas, and Joseph Egger. "Potential Vorticity Attribution and Causality." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 69, no. 8 (2012): 2600–2607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-11-0313.1.

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Abstract The electrostatic analogy provides a well-known paradigm for the concept of potential vorticity (PV) attribution. Just as electric fields can be attributed to electric charges, so are localized PV anomalies thought to induce far fields of flow and temperature, at least after geostrophic adjustment. Piecewise PV inversion (PPVI) exploits this concept. Idealized examples of PPVI are discussed by selecting isolated anomalies that are inverted to yield the far field “caused” by the PV anomaly. The causality of attribution is tested in this study by seeking an unbalanced initial state containing the same PV anomaly but without a far field from which the balanced state can be attained by geostrophic adjustment. It is shown that the far field of a balanced axisymmetric PV anomaly in shallow water, without mean PV gradients, may evolve from a localized anomaly without a far field. For the more general example of the electrostatics analogy, namely a three-dimensional spherical PV anomaly, the initial state has to be nonhydrostatic and needs to exhibit a mass deficit. As this mass deficit cannot be removed during hydrostatic and geostrophic adjustment, it follows that PV attribution does not imply a causal relationship between the far field of a PV anomaly and the anomaly itself.
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31

Okhrimenko, Iana. "The attribution of causality, perception of responsibility, and preferred generic means of life distribution." Panoeconomicus, no. 00 (2022): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pan210801018o.

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The attribution of causality, a central concept in human cognition theory, is the principal instrument for investigating functional links between events and phenomena. Although the links between causality and moral responsibility are commonly recognized, the scope of studies analysing the practical implications of causality attribution is minimal. This study examines the effect of causality perception on the desired distribution of the generic means of life by utilising thought experiment data collection methodology and non-parametric statistical analysis. The results indicate that i) causality perception affects the desired distribution, and ii) individuals show no tendency to modify their perception of causality.
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32

Milidrag, Predrag. "The concept of thing (res) in Descartes." Filozofija i drustvo 25, no. 3 (2014): 223–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fid1403223m.

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The article analyzes the meaning of the concept of res in Descartes? metaphysics. The basic meaning is that thing is an essence that could have even real existence. Through the analysis of Descartes? works that meaning has made more precise against the background of the rational distinction between essence and existence. The relations among the thing and the notions of reality (realitas), the degrees of reality and the modes of reality were shown. The special attention is dedicated to the relation between the thing and the causality, i.e., to the problems how the things could cause and what is the cause of things. The problem of causality is connected with Descartes? teaching concerning the creation of eternal truths; that connection expresses the difference between his and scholastics? concept of thing, which is obvious in his concept of the causation of the degrees of reality. At the end the late, scholastics? notion of supertranscendental meaning of thing is shown in Descartes.
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Buchheim, Thomas. "Freiheit unter Bedingungen der Zeit? Schellings neuer Zeitbegriff im Nachgang zurFreiheitsschrift." Kant-Studien 111, no. 2 (2020): 191–223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kant-2020-0013.

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AbstractThe concept of human freedom developed by Schelling in the Freiheitsschrift (1809) prompted him to explore a new concept of time in his Weltalter project. Schelling proposes the ‘generic subjectivity of time’: Time must be understood not as a precondition of dynamism, but rather as an effect of dynamic agency. The articulation of time into its moments, ‘presence’, ‘past’, and ‘future’, is realized through the dynamic contributions (motion, causality, and action) of every single causally involved being. Schelling’s concept thus fundamentally differs from Kant’s concept of time. For Kant, change and dynamism are located in the sensible world, whereas time (as well as space) is the subjective form of our sensible intuition. As such, time must be seen as a precondition of change and dynamism for Kant.
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Kubalskyi, Oleh. "SPECIFICATION OF THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PRINCIPLE OF DETERMINISM IN MODERN SCIENTIFIC THEORY." 66, no. 66 (November 25, 2022): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.26565/2226-0994-2022-66-7.

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Determinism appears as a key concept for science from the moment of its emergence: science is designed to clearly and unambiguously determine the causes of observed phenomena and, on this basis, confidently predict the development of these phenomena. However, more than a century ago, after the emergence of quantum physics and the formulation of the theory of relativity and the principle of uncertainty, the classical understanding of determinism underwent a significant revision in physics, which was considered a model of science. Even more challenges to the concept of determinism have been received in the social sciences and humanities, which address objects that cannot be fully grasped by human experience and tested through experiments. At the same time, it is the social sciences and humanities that are increasingly being turned to for answers to the questions of what the future of society will look like and how to prepare for its challenges. All this led to the need to clarify to what extent the concept of determinism itself has retained its significance for science, as well as to clarify the modern understanding of concepts related to it, such as causality, indeterminism, uncertainty, etc. Important ideas and problems that have not been adequately understood to date were formulated in the classic works of prominent representatives of the natural sciences and humanities, in particular, such as the physicist Werner Heisenberg and the historian and sociologist Raymond Aron. With the development of science, the concept of causality only becomes more complicated and develops as a theoretical justification of the relations of causality, determinism and interdependence, and at the same time as an approximate model of causality as an objective and regular relationship of things, processes and phenomena. A separate task of science is to carry out a public clarification of essential changes in the concept of scientific determinism as an assumption about possible stable repeated connections, without which, however, scientific or even quasi-scientific systematization of knowledge is impossible.
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35

Franco, Nicolas. "Physical models from noncommutative causality." EPJ Web of Conferences 182 (2018): 02043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201818202043.

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We introduced few years ago a new notion of causality for noncommutative spacetimes directly related to the Dirac operator and the concept of Lorentzian spectral triple. In this paper, we review in a non-technical way the noncommutative causal structure of many toy models as almost commutative spacetimes and the Moyal-Weyl spacetime. We show that those models present some unexpected physical interpretations as a geometrical explanation of the Zitterbewegung trembling motion of a fermion as well as some geometrical constraints on translations and energy jumps of wave packets on the Moyal spacetime.
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36

McBreen, Bernard. "Realism and Empiricism in Hume's Account of Causality." Philosophy 82, no. 3 (2007): 421–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031819107000034.

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AbstractHume's empirical approach seems to drain the concept of causality of all content, so that causality in objects is reduced to constant conjunction. His use of language of causality, which is necessarily realist, is undermined by his account of causality, which is not realist. The realist intepretation of Hume, by philosophers such as Galen Strawson, is rejected because it is incompatible with empiricism. However, if Hume's view that we do not have any sensory experience of causing is challenged, then the way is open to give an account of causality which is both empiricist and realist.
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37

Schmidt, Christoph, Britta Pester, Nicole Schmid-Hertel, Herbert Witte, Axel Wismüller, and Lutz Leistritz. "A Multivariate Granger Causality Concept towards Full Brain Functional Connectivity." PLOS ONE 11, no. 4 (2016): e0153105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0153105.

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38

Andås, H. E. "Bell-type experiments and the concept of locally stochastic causality." Il Nuovo Cimento B Series 11 110, no. 1 (1995): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02741285.

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39

Lyssy, Ansgar. "Causality as Concept and Theory in Hegel’s Science of Logic." Hegel-Jahrbuch 2017, no. 1 (2017): 505–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hgjb-2017-0182.

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40

Baum, Christopher F., Stan Hurn, and Jesús Otero. "Testing for time-varying Granger causality." Stata Journal: Promoting communications on statistics and Stata 22, no. 2 (2022): 355–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1536867x221106403.

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The concept of Granger causality is an important tool in applied macroeconomics. Recently, recursive econometric methods have been developed to analyze the temporal stability of Granger-causal relationships. This article offers an implementation of these recursive procedures in Stata. An empirical example illustrates their use in analyzing the temporal stability of Granger causality among key U.S. macroeconomic series.
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41

Nail, Thomas. "Expression, Immanence and Constructivism: ‘Spinozism’ and Gilles Deleuze." Deleuze Studies 2, no. 2 (2008): 201–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/e1750224108000287.

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This paper is an attempt to explicate the relationship between Spinozist expressionism and philosophical constructivism in Deleuze's work through the concept of immanent causality. Deleuze finds in Spinoza a philosophy of immanent causality used to solve the problem of the relation between substance, attribute and mode as an expression of substance. But, when he proceeds to take up this notion of immanent causality found in Spinoza in Difference and Repetition, Deleuze instead inverts it into a modal one such that the identity of substance may be said only of the difference of the modes. Complicating this further, Deleuze and Guattari claim in A Thousand Plateaus that substance, attribute, and mode are each, themselves, multiplicities. What is Philosophy? takes up immanent causality once again, this time through a constructivist lens aimed at resolving the question of the relation between philosophical multiplicities: ‘plane,’ ‘persona,’ and ‘concept.’ By following the different formulations of immanent causality in these works this essay hopes to discover the relationship between Spinozist expressionism and philosophical constructivism in Deleuze's work.
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42

Rosenberg, R. C. "Exploiting Bond Graph Causality in Physical System Models." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 109, no. 4 (1987): 378–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3143870.

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Causality as a concept and a tool associated with bond graphs has seen use for more than twenty years. Our principal purpose in this paper is to bring together several different views and applications of causality in order to suggest how valuable it can be in understanding the dynamic structure of models. The topics considered include causality assignment, both traditional and nontraditional, and state equations; design assessment of models based on direct interpretation; and junction structure properties. The topics are illustrated by examples. Some opportunities for additional research into causality properties and applications are suggested.
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43

PETROVIĆ, LJILJANA, and DRAGANA VALJAREVIĆ. "STATISTICAL CAUSALITY AND STABLE SUBSPACES OF." Bulletin of the Australian Mathematical Society 88, no. 1 (2012): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0004972712000482.

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AbstractIn this paper we consider the statistical concept of causality in continuous time between filtered probability spaces, based on Granger’s definitions of causality. Then we consider some stable subspaces of $H^p$ which contain right continuous modifications of martingales $P(A \mid {\mathcal {G}}_t)$. We give necessary and sufficient conditions, in terms of statistical causality, for these spaces to coincide with $H^p$. These results can be applied to extremal measures and regular weak solutions of stochastic differential equations.
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44

Hartanto, Anton. "THE DOCTRINE OF CAUSALITY IN CRIMINAL LAW IN THE FIELD OF TAXATION IN INDONESIA." Journal of Tax Law and Policy 2, no. 1 (2023): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.56282/jtlp.v2i1.479.

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The complexity of tax evasion and the unregulated causality doctrine in the law (KUHP) and tax law show the need and urgency to answer the problem of the ideal criminal concept in the field of taxation in the future. The analysis and discussion concluded that the ideal concept in handling complex criminal offenses in the field of taxation could be done by regulating the teaching of causality and its modification. The adoption of the doctrine of causality and its modification in the criminal provisions in the field of taxation can provide a guarantee of criminal liability in the field of taxation to any person who has actually caused a certain result prohibited in tax crimes. One of them is by considering the existence of novus actus interveniens.
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45

D’Ariano, Giacomo Mauro. "Causality re-established." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 376, no. 2123 (2018): 20170313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2017.0313.

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Causality has never gained the status of a ‘law’ or ‘principle’ in physics. Some recent literature has even popularized the false idea that causality is a notion that should be banned from theory. Such misconception relies on an alleged universality of the reversibility of the laws of physics, based either on the determinism of classical theory, or on the multiverse interpretation of quantum theory, in both cases motivated by mere interpretational requirements for realism of the theory. Here, I will show that a properly defined unambiguous notion of causality is a theorem of quantum theory, which is also a falsifiable proposition of the theory. Such a notion of causality appeared in the literature within the framework of operational probabilistic theories. It is a genuinely theoretical notion, corresponding to establishing a definite partial order among events, in the same way as we do by using the future causal cone on Minkowski space. The notion of causality is logically completely independent of the misidentified concept of ‘determinism’, and, being a consequence of quantum theory, is ubiquitous in physics. In addition, as classical theory can be regarded as a restriction of quantum theory, causality holds also in the classical case, although the determinism of the theory trivializes it. I then conclude by arguing that causality naturally establishes an arrow of time. This implies that the scenario of the ‘block Universe’ and the connected ‘past hypothesis’ are incompatible with causality, and thus with quantum theory: they are both doomed to remain mere interpretations and, as such, are not falsifiable, similar to the hypothesis of ‘super-determinism’. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Foundations of quantum mechanics and their impact on contemporary society’.
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46

Nurasiah, Nurasiah. "Pemikiran Taqi Misbah Yazdi tentang Etika Islam Kontemporer." Teosofi: Jurnal Tasawuf dan Pemikiran Islam 5, no. 1 (2015): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15642/teosofi.2015.5.1.50-79.

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<p>This article attempts to explain about the concept of Islamic ethics promulgated by Taqi Misbah Yazdi. Yazdi had placed himself as a proponent to the concept of rational ethics. To him, the propositions of ethics along with moral expressions have obviously explained a causality relation between an action and desired goals of ethics. Commands and prohibitions, in their prescriptive and descriptive forms, manifest the relation between actions and the objectives of ethics along with the legal consequences behind them. As a result, this matter deals with meaning, objective, the value of objectivity, and rationality. The extent of value and truth of certain action is determined by its objectives. Interestingly, this theory does not influence Yazdi to be trapped within utilitarianism materialist-positivist ethics nor it traps him into the dilemma of value relativity which occurs in the West’s theory of ethics. It can be obviously seen the originality and novelty of Yazdi’s thought; not in terms of the <em>content</em> of his theory, instead in his ability to use the ideas of the Western philosophy to clarify his opinions and concepts by combining Herbert Spencer’s evolutionism and Jeremy Bentham’s utilitarianism. Building his concepts on transcendental philosophy of Mulla Sadra, Yazdi’s moral causality has successfully preserve the transcendental logic and its esoteric dimensions; an achievement which could not even be attained by Muslim groups who reject the law of causality.</p>
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47

Salma, Jožef. "The causality in the delict law." Glasnik Advokatske komore Vojvodine 69, no. 9 (1997): 215–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/gakv9706215s.

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The paper considers the concept of causality in theory and practice. The cause is not natural condition o f damage, but also a legally justified choice between a set of events with aim to determine essential, adequate and typical cause. These conditions may compete each other and they can be a cumulating. The function o f cause is not only to point to the responsible person, but to rationalize the measure of responsibility. The author considers the presumption of causality in objective and contractual responsibility and pints out the attitude about its refute.
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MAYOCCHI, Enrique Santiago. "Efficient Causality in the Actual Intellectual Knowledge According to John Duns Scotus." Revista Española de Filosofía Medieval 24 (November 24, 2017): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.21071/refime.v24i.10456.

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The subject of causality appears in many of the solutions proposed by Duns Scotus on various philosophical problems, such as voluntary act, and theological problems, as the divine dispensation of grace in the sacraments. This paper shows the kinds of causes and causality which are involved in the actual act of intellection. It focuses on the concept of essential order as the source of the different kinds of causal concurrence, and applies this concept to the act of actual intellection, interpreting it according to the idea of unitas ordinis.
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49

Paelinck, Jean H. P., and Jesús Mur. "Some Issues on the Concept of Causality in Spatial Econometric Models." Estudios de Economía Aplicada 36, no. 1 (2019): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.25115/eea.v36i1.2519.

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La simultaneidad de las relaciones es un hecho distintivo de los modelos de econometría espacial, lo que dificulta la separación entre causas y efectos. Sin embargo, la noción de causa tiene una importancia fundamental en cualquier especificación de un modelo. De hecho, un modelo supone una afirmación señalando que una variable, denominada endógena, reacciona a las variables que aparecen en la parte derecha, los regresores. Nuestra impresión es que este problema se ha tratado insuficientemente por la literatura de Econometría espacial.Este trabajo se centra en cuestiones relacionadas con la especificación de modelos espaciales. Examinamos lo que puede denominarse ‘práctica tradicional actual’ y discutimos el papel que deberían jugar los conceptos de identificación y causalidad. Nuestro propósito es reclamar el desarrollo de procedimientos econométricos claros que ayuden a los usuarios a mejorar sus especificaciones. Una aplicación al caso de la relación entre la renta per capita y peso del sector agrícola en las provincias españolas, en el año 2006, ilustra esta discusión
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50

Watkins, David, and Estela Astilla. "Causal Dominance Among Self-Concept, Locus of Causality, and Academic Achievement." Journal of Psychology 120, no. 6 (1986): 627–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00223980.1986.9915492.

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