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Liu, Ningning. "Contributions to generic and affective visual concept recognition." Thesis, Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ECDL0038.
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Cette thèse de doctorat est consacrée à la reconnaissance de concepts visuels (VCR pour "Visual Concept Recognition"). En raison des nombreuses difficultés qui la caractérisent, cette tâche est toujours considérée comme l’une des plus difficiles en vision par ordinateur et reconnaissance de formes. Dans ce contexte, nous avons proposé plusieurs contributions, particulièrement dans le cadre d’une approche de reconnaissance multimodale combinant efficacement les informations visuelles et textuelles. Tout d’abord, nous avons étudié différents types de descripteurs visuels de bas-niveau sémantique pour la tâche de VCR incluant des descripteurs de couleur, de texture et de forme. Plus précisément, nous pensons que chaque concept nécessite différents descripteurs pour le caractériser efficacement pour permettre sa reconnaissance automatique. Ainsi, nous avons évalué l’efficacité de diverses représentations visuelles, non seulement globales comme la couleur, la texture et la forme, mais également locales telles que SIFT, Color SIFT, HOG, DAISY, LBP et Color LBP. Afin de faciliter le franchissement du fossé sémantique entre les descripteurs bas-niveau et les concepts de haut niveau sémantique, et particulièrement ceux relatifs aux émotions, nous avons proposé des descripteurs visuels de niveau intermédiaire basés sur l’harmonie visuelle et le dynamisme exprimés dans les images. De plus, nous avons utilisé une décomposition spatiale pyramidale des images pour capturer l’information locale et spatiale lors de la construction des descripteurs d’harmonie et de dynamisme. Par ailleurs, nous avons également proposé une nouvelle représentation reposant sur les histogrammes de couleur HSV en utilisant un modèle d’attention visuelle pour identifier les régions d’intérêt dans les images. Ensuite, nous avons proposé un nouveau descripteur textuel dédié au problème de VCR. En effet, la plupart des photos publiées sur des sites de partage en ligne (Flickr, Facebook, ...) sont accompagnées d’une description textuelle sous la forme de mots-clés ou de légende. Ces descriptions constituent une riche source d’information sur la sémantique contenue dans les images et il semble donc particulièrement intéressant de les considérer dans un système de VCR. Ainsi, nous avons élaboré des descripteurs HTC ("Histograms of Textual Concepts") pour capturer les liens sémantiques entre les concepts. L’idée générale derrière HTC est de représenter un document textuel comme un histogramme de concepts textuels selon un dictionnaire (ou vocabulaire), pour lequel chaque valeur associée à un concept est l’accumulation de la contribution de chaque mot du texte pour ce concept, en fonction d’une mesure de distance sémantique. Plusieurs variantes de HTC ont été proposées qui se sont révélées être très efficaces pour la tâche de VCR. Inspirés par la démarche de l’analyse cepstrale de la parole, nous avons également développé Cepstral HTC pour capturer à la fois l’information de fréquence d’occurrence des mots (comme TF-IDF) et les liens sémantiques entre concepts fournis par HTC à partir des mots-clés associés aux images. Enfin, nous avons élaboré une méthode de fusion (SWLF pour "Selective Weighted Later Fusion") afin de combiner efficacement différentes sources d’information pour le problème de VCR. Cette approche de fusion est conçue pour sélectionner les meilleurs descripteurs et pondérer leur contribution pour chaque concept à reconnaître. SWLF s’est révélé être particulièrement efficace pour fusion des modalités visuelles et textuelles, par rapport à des schémas de fusion standards. [...]This Ph.D thesis is dedicated to visual concept recognition (VCR). Due to many realistic difficulties, it is still considered to be one of the most challenging problems in computer vision and pattern recognition. In this context, we have proposed some innovative contributions for the task of VCR, particularly in building multimodal approaches that efficiently combine visual and textual information. Firstly, we have proposed semantic features for VCR and have investigated the efficiency of different types of low-level visual features for VCR including color, texture and shape. Specifically, we believe that different concepts require different features to efficiently characterize them for the recognition. Therefore, we have investigated in the context of VCR various visual representations, not only global features including color, shape and texture, but also the state-of-the-art local visual descriptors such as SIFT, Color SIFT, HOG, DAISY, LBP, Color LBP. To help bridging the semantic gap between low-level visual features and high level semantic concepts, and particularly those related to emotions and feelings, we have proposed mid-level visual features based on the visual harmony and dynamism semantics using Itten’s color theory and psychological interpretations. Moreover, we have employed a spatial pyramid strategy to capture the spatial information when building our mid-level features harmony and dynamism. We have also proposed a new representation of color HSV histograms by employing a visual attention model to identify the regions of interest in images. Secondly, we have proposed a novel textual feature designed for VCR. Indeed, most of online-shared photos provide textual descriptions in the form of tags or legends. In fact, these textual descriptions are a rich source of semantic information on visual data that is interesting to consider for the purpose of VCR or multimedia information retrieval. We propose the Histograms of Textual Concepts (HTC) to capture the semantic relatedness of concepts. The general idea behind HTC is to represent a text document as a histogram of textual concepts towards a vocabulary or dictionary, whereas its value is the accumulation of the contribution of each word within the text document toward the underlying concept according to a predefined semantic similarity measure. Several variants of HTC have been proposed that revealed to be very efficient for VCR. Inspired by the Cepstral speech analysis process, we have also developed Cepstral HTC to capture both term frequency-based information (like TF-IDF) and the relatedness of semantic concepts in the sparse image tags, which overcomes the HTC’s shortcoming of ignoring term frequency-based information. Thirdly, we have proposed a fusion scheme to combine different sources of Later Fusion, (SWLF) is designed to select the best features and to weight their scores for each concept to be recognized. SWLF proves particularly efficient for fusing visual and textual modalities in comparison with some other standard fusion schemes. While a late fusion at score level is reputed as a simple and effective way to fuse features of different nature for machine-learning problems, the proposed SWLF builds on two simple insights. First, the score delivered by a feature type should be weighted by its intrinsic quality for the classification problem at hand. Second, in a multi-label scenario where several visual concepts may be assigned to an image, different visual concepts may require different features which best recognize them. In addition to SWLF, we also propose a novel combination approach based on Dempster-Shafer’s evidence theory, whose interesting properties allow fusing different ambiguous sources of information for visual affective recognition. [...]
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Huang, Yu. "Hand gesture recognition methods based on concept learning." Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.667760.
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Li, Yi. "Object and concept recognition for content-based image retrieval /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7006.
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Osborne, John D., Matthew B. Neu, Maria I. Danila, Thamar Solorio, and Steven J. Bethard. "CUILESS2016: a clinical corpus applying compositional normalization of text mentions." BIOMED CENTRAL LTD, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626563.
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Background: Traditionally text mention normalization corpora have normalized concepts to single ontology identifiers ("pre-coordinated concepts"). Less frequently, normalization corpora have used concepts with multiple identifiers ("post-coordinated concepts") but the additional identifiers have been restricted to a defined set of relationships to the core concept. This approach limits the ability of the normalization process to express semantic meaning. We generated a freely available corpus using post-coordinated concepts without a defined set of relationships that we term "compositional concepts" to evaluate their use in clinical text. Methods: We annotated 5397 disorder mentions from the ShARe corpus to SNOMED CT that were previously normalized as "CUI-less" in the "SemEval-2015 Task 14" shared task because they lacked a pre-coordinated mapping. Unlike the previous normalization method, we do not restrict concept mappings to a particular set of the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) semantic types and allow normalization to occur to multiple UMLS Concept Unique Identifiers (CUIs). We computed annotator agreement and assessed semantic coverage with this method. Results: We generated the largest clinical text normalization corpus to date with mappings to multiple identifiers and made it freely available. All but 8 of the 5397 disorder mentions were normalized using this methodology. Annotator agreement ranged from 52.4% using the strictest metric (exact matching) to 78.2% using a hierarchical agreement that measures the overlap of shared ancestral nodes. Conclusion: Our results provide evidence that compositional concepts can increase semantic coverage in clinical text. To our knowledge we provide the first freely available corpus of compositional concept annotation in clinical text.
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Savkov, Aleksandar Dimitrov. "Deciphering clinical text : concept recognition in primary care text notes." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2017. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/68232/.
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Electronic patient records, containing data about the health and care of a patient, are a valuable source of information for longitudinal clinical studies. The General Practice Research Database (GPRD) has collected patient records from UK primary care practices since the late 1980s. These records contain both structured data (in the form of codes and numeric values) and free text notes. While the structured data have been used extensively in clinical studies, there are significant practical obstacles in extracting information from the free text notes. The main obstacles are data access restrictions, due to the presence of sensitive information, and the specific language of medical practitioners, which renders standard language processing tools ineffective. The aim of this research is to investigate approaches for computer analysis of free text notes. The research involved designing a primary care text corpus (the Harvey Corpus) annotated with syntactic chunks and clinically-relevant semantic entities, developing a statistical chunking model, and devising a novel method for applying machine learning for entity recognition based on chunk annotation. The tools produced would facilitate reliable information extraction from primary care patient records, needed for the development of clinically-related research. The three medical concept types targeted in this thesis could contribute to epidemiological studies by enhancing the detection of co-morbidities, and better analysing the descriptions of patient experiences and treatments. The main contributions of the research reported in this thesis are: guidelines for chunk and concept annotation of clinical text, an approach to maximising agreement between human annotators, the Harvey Corpus, a method for using a standard part-of-speech tagging model in clinical text chunking, and a novel approach to recognising clinically relevant medical concepts.
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Laerhoven, Kristof van. "Embedded perception : concept recognition by learning and combining sensory data." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.443519.
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Wei, Xiaoyong. "Concept-based video search by semantic and context reasoning /." access full-text access abstract and table of contents, 2009. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/ezdb/thesis.pl?phd-cs-b23750509f.pdf.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--City University of Hong Kong, 2009."Submitted to Department of Computer Science in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 122-133)
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Binder, Alexander Verfasser], and Klaus-Robert [Akademischer Betreuer] [Müller. "Bag of Machine Learning Concepts for Visual Concept Recognition in Images / Alexander Binder. Betreuer: Klaus-Robert Müller." Berlin : Universitätsbibliothek der Technischen Universität Berlin, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1033640409/34.
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Wright, Christopher Paul. "Software architectures for visual concept refinement in digital mapping." Thesis, University of Hull, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318373.
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Lam, Yuk-chau Emily. "The development of the 'word unit' concept by Cantonese-speaking children." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36209478.
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Thesis (B.Sc)--University of Hong Kong, 1997."A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Science (Speech and Hearing Sciences), The University of Hong Kong, April 30, 1997." Also available in print.
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Jiang, Yugang. "Large scale semantic concept detection, fusion, and selection for domain adaptive video search /." access full-text access abstract and table of contents, 2009. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/ezdb/thesis.pl?phd-cs-b23749957f.pdf.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--City University of Hong Kong, 2009."Submitted to Department of Computer Science in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 145-161)
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Mehdi, Riyadh Abdul Kadir. "An investigation of object recognition using spatial data and the concept of prior expectation." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.291671.
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KANAYAMA, Yasuhisa (Yahei). "Recognition, Concept Formation and Knowledge: Preliminary Consideration for the Theory of Recollection in Plato's Phaedo." School of Letters, Nagoya University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/17708.
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Dobler, Michael. "Rethinking revenue recognition." Inderscience Publishers, 2008. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A36452.
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Revenue recognition is one of the most crucial issues in financial reporting and the prevalent source for recent accounting scandals. International financial reporting standard setters are conducting a major project rethinking revenue recognition. Tentative proposals of the project Revenue Recognition feature an asset-liability approach relying on measurement at fair values or at allocated customer consideration amounts. This paper chooses construction contracts to illustrate and to evaluate the far-reaching changes implied by the proposals in a multi-period context. Main results suggest that the proposals are ambivalent in terms of relevance but critical in terms of reliability compared to the recent treatment under IAS 11. Particularly, a pure fair value approach yields irritating patterns of revenue recognition found inappropriate for stewardship purposes. While its adoption for revenue recognition under IFRSs is unlikely due to regulatory incompatibilities, measuring performance obligations at allocated consideration amount partly mitigates the concerns.
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Berchtold-Buschle, Martin [Verfasser], and Lars [Akademischer Betreuer] Wolf. "A Modular Classifier Concept for Activity Recognition on Mobile Phones / Martin Berchtold-Buschle ; Betreuer: Lars Wolf." Braunschweig : Technische Universität Braunschweig, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1175823899/34.
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Tudin, Rabaah. "The recognition, adoption and implementation of the marketing concept by Bumiputra (Ethnic Malay) Companies in Malaysis." Thesis, University of Salford, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.491801.
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The objective of this research is to explore the current marketing practices of Bumiputra firms in the Malaysia business context in order to understand if there is any knowledge gap between the textbook marketing concept and Bumiputra marketing practices, ally, the objectives of this study are: 1) to determine whether the marketing concept as defined in Western literature is recognized and understood by Bumiputra businesses in Malaysia; 2) to determine whether Bumiputra businesses adopt the Western transactional model and to what extent; 3) to determine the extent to which the relationship model adopted by Bumiputra companies is seen as a perceived aid to achieving marketing objectives; and 4) to determine the extent to which relationship marketing is seen to be complementary to transactional marketing or seen to be an alternative to the transactional model, representing, in effect, a paradigm shift.
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Kazantzoglou, Avraam. "Flexible Architecture System & Topology License Plate Recognition (FAST LPR) and Concept of Operations in Thailand." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2008. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2008/Sept/08Sep%5FKazantzoglou.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Electronic Warfare Systems Engineering and M.A. in Security Studies (Stabilization and Reconstruction))--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2008.Thesis Advisor(s): Sankar, Pat ; McNab, Robert. "September 2008." Description based on title screen as viewed on November 6, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 151-154). Also available in print.
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Radovanovic, Aleksandar. "Concept Based Knowledge Discovery from Biomedical Literature." Thesis, Online access, 2009. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/usrfiles/modules/etd/docs/etd_gen8Srv25Nme4_9861_1272229462.pdf.
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Bunuan, Paul F. "FIDOE: A Proof-of-concept Martian Robotic Support Cart." Digital WPI, 1999. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/906.
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"The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) plans to send a human exploration team to Mars within the next 25 years. In support of this effort Hamilton Standard Space Systems International (HSSSI), current manufacturers of the Space Shuttle spacesuit, began exploring alternative solutions for supporting an astronaut during a Martian surface exploration. A design concept was developed by HSSSI to integrate a minimally equipped Martian spacesuit with a robotic support cart capable of providing life support assistance, communications, and independent navigational functions. To promote NASA's visionary efforts and increase university relations, HSSSI partnered with Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI) to develop a proof-of-concept robotic support cart system, FIDOE - Fully Independent Delivery of Expendables. As a proof-of-concept system, the primary goal of this project was to demonstrate the feasibility of current technologies utilized by FIDOE's communication and controls system for future Martian surface explorations. The primary objective of this project was to procure selected commercial-off-the-shelf components and configure these components into a functional robotic support cart. The design constraints for this project, in addition to the constraints imposed by the Martian environment and HSSSI's Martian spacesuit, were a one-year time frame and a $20,000 budget for component procurement. This project was also constrained by the protocols defined by the NASA demonstration test environment. The final design configuration comprised of 37 major commercial off-the-shelf components and three individual software packages that integrated together to provide FIDOE's communications and control capabilities. Power distribution was internally handled through a combination of a main power source and dedicated power supplies. FIDOE also provided a stowage area for handling assisted life support systems and geological equipment. The proof-of-concept FIDOE system proved that the current technologies represented by the selected components are feasible applications for a Mars effort. Specifically, the FIDOE system demonstrated that the chosen technologies can be integrated to perform assisted life support and independent functions. While some technologies represented by the proof-of-concept system may not adequately address the robustness issues pertaining to the Mars effort, e.g., voice recognition and power management, technology trends indicate that these forms of technology will soon become viable solutions to assisting an astronaut on a Martian surface exploration."
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Derbas, Nadia. "Contributions à la détection de concepts et d'événements dans les documents vidéos." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENM035/document.
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L'explosion de la quantité de documents multimédias, suite à l'essor des technologies numériques, a rendu leur indexation très coûteuse et manuellement impossible. Par conséquent, le besoin de disposer de systèmes d'indexation capables d'analyser, de stocker et de retrouver les documents multimédias automatiquement, et en se basant sur leur contenu (audio, visuel), s'est fait ressentir dans de nombreux domaines applicatifs. Cependant, les techniques d'indexation actuelles rencontrent encore des problèmes de faisabilité ou de qualité. Leur performance reste très limitée et est dépendante de plusieurs facteurs comme la variabilité et la quantité de données à traiter. En effet, les systèmes d'indexation cherchent à reconnaître des concepts statiques, comme des objets (vélo, chaise,...), ou des événements (mariage, manifestation,...). Ces systèmes se heurtent donc au problème de variabilité de formes, de positions, de poses, d'illuminations, d'orientations des objets. Le passage à l'échelle pour pouvoir traiter de très grands volumes de données tout en respectant des contraintes de temps de calcul et de stockage est également une contrainte.Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons à l'amélioration de la performance globale de ces systèmes d'indexation de documents multimédias par le contenu. Pour cela nous abordons le problème sous différents angles et apportons quatre contributions à divers stades du processus d'indexation. Nous proposons tout d'abord une nouvelle méthode de fusion "doublement précoce " entre différentes modalités ou différentes sources d'informations afin d'exploiter au mieux la corrélation entre les modalités. Cette méthode est ensuite appliquée à la détection de scènes violentes dans les films. Nous développons ensuite une méthode faiblement supervisée pour la localisation des concepts basiques (comme les objets) dans les images qui pourra être utilisé plus tard comme un descripteur et une information supplémentaire pour la détection de concepts plus complexes (comme des événements). Nous traitons également la problématique de réduction du bruit généré par des annotations ambiguës sur les données d'apprentissage en proposant deux méthodes: une génération de nouvelles annotations au niveau des plans et une méthode de pondération des plans. Enfin, nous avons mis en place une méthode d'optimisation des représentations du contenu multimédia qui combine une réduction de dimension basée sur une ACP et des transformations non linéaires.Les quatre contributions sont testées et évaluées sur les collections de données faisant référence dans le domaine, comme TRECVid ou MediaEval. Elles ont participé au bon classement de nos soumissions dans ces campagnesA consequence of the rise of digital technology is that the quantity of available collections of multimedia documents is permanently and strongly increasing. The indexing of these documents became both very costly and impossible to do manually. In order to be able to analyze, classify and search multimedia documents, indexing systems have been defined. However, most of these systems suffer quality or practicability issues. Their performance is limited and depends on the data volume and data variability. Indexing systems analyze multimedia documents, looking for static concepts (bicycle, chair,...), or events (wedding, protest,...). Therefore, the variability in shapes, positions, lighting or orientation of objects hinders the process. Another aspect is that systems must be scalable. They should be able to handle big data while using reasonable amount of computing time and memory.The aim of this thesis is to improve the general performance of content-based multimedia indexing systems. Four main contributions are brought in this thesis for improving different stages of the indexing process. The first one is an "early-early fusion method" that merges different information sources in order to extract their deep correlations. This method is used for violent scenes detection in movies. The second contribution is a weakly supervised method for basic concept (objects) localization in images. This can be used afterwards as a new descriptor to help detecting complex concepts (events). The third contribution tackles the noise reduction problem on ambiguously annotated data. Two methods are proposed: a shot annotation generator, and a shot weighing method. The last contribution is a generic descriptor optimization method, based on PCA and non-linear transforms.These four contributions are tested and evaluated using reference data collections, including TRECVid and MediaEval. These contributions helped our submissions achieving very good rankings in those evaluation campaigns
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Mendes, Pablo N. "Adaptive Semantic Annotation of Entity and Concept Mentions in Text." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1401665504.
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Eyorokon, Vahid. "Measuring Goal Similarity Using Concept, Context and Task Features." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1534084289041091.
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Davis, Therese Verdun. "Becoming unrecognisable : a study of the face, death and recognition in late twentieth century media culture /." View thesis View thesis, 2000. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030429.171809/index.html.
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Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury, 2000."A thesis presented to the University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy". Bibliography : leaves 188-199.
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Geyer, Joseph Michael. "Identification of Candidate Concepts in a Learning-Based Approach to Reverse Engineering." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1272036566.
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Darwish, Hassan. "Critical study on the concept of international arbitration in the UAE : identifying problems affecting the recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral award." Thesis, University of Essex, 2017. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/18812/.
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This thesis intends to critically explore the legal obstacles currently undermining the recognition and enforcement process of foreign and international arbitral awards in the UAE arising out of the lack of the concept of international arbitration. it also tackles the practical implications caused by the lack of separate arbitration legislation and various legal aspects.
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Vázquez, Martínez Silvina. "Identidad y Reconocimiento. Un estudio sobre los espacios públicos internos de la política." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/461410.
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El trabajo de investigación doctoral que aquí presentamos explora la problemática de la identidad personal y comunitaria a través de la categoría del reconocimiento. Nuestro objetivo principal consiste en repensar estos conceptos de forma tal que quede resguardada la pluralidad de significados que cada uno de ellos alberga, al tiempo que se intenta poner en valor tanto la hondura política del sí mismo como su estructura relacional.
Ambos conceptos, identidad y reconocimiento, comportan algún tipo de lazo con la alteridad, con la noción de un otro que transforma la propia percepción del sí mismo (o self). Pero también cobijan un fondo de perplejidad y extrañeza relativo al mundo interno del ciudadano. Nuestra principal hipótesis es que esta interioridad del self es, en parte, un fenómeno de raigambre pública y política. Y esto requiere implementar una matriz teórica abierta a trascender las estructuras lógico-verbales del pensamiento con las que se suele abordar la problemática del reconocimiento identitario; empezando por el propio lenguaje de «lo objetivo» y «lo subjetivo», de la división a ultranza entro «lo público» y «lo privado», entre el «adentro» y el «afuera».
Con el fin de acometer este examen conceptual, hemos desplegado una investigación exhaustiva de los conceptos de identidad y reconocimiento mediante la lectura de tres tipos distintos de fuentes téoricas: dialógicas, retóricas y psicoanalíticas. Mientras que la perspectiva dialógica (o dialéctica) absorbe los debates identitarios de las ciencias sociales tanto como permanece ceñida al sentido de la vista y al principio de identidad aristotélico; las fuentes retóricas permiten abordar el fenómeno de la identidad poniendo el acento en los aspectos contigentes de la imaginación (inventio), el juicio y la palabra. Una primera hipótesis de lectura nos llevó a conjeturar sobre la retórica cívica como una forma alternativa a la del discurso dialéctico. Una forma en la que late otro modo de pensar, de comunicar y de traspasar trozos de experiencia, más acorde con la fragilidad y contingencia humana. Así mismo, las lecturas psiconalíticas nos brindaron la oportunidad de incluir en la reflexión los sustratos no-conscientes de la identidad y las maneras en que éstos intervienen sobre el loable propósito del reconocimiento comunitario. De tener en cuenta estos aportes, conceptos como los de memoria, olvido (léthe) y voluntad ―todos ellos cruciales en los procesos de identificación y reconocimiento político― se ven notablemente afectados por comparación a la narrativa moderna del sujeto-soberano, de voluntad omnipotente y razón cartográfica.
Nuestra investigación nos llevará a concluir que el ámbito donde se juega lo primordial de la identidad y del reconocimiento político no puede ser comprendido desde contornos definibles y coordenadas precisas. Se trataría más bien de espacios (tanto mentales y afectivos como vinculares) en donde los axiomas de no-contradicción y el principio de identidad aristotélico no rigen, lo que representa un inmenso desafío para consciencia lógico-temporal del individuo.The doctoral investigation presented here explores the issue of personal and community identity through the category of recognition. Our main objective consists of rethinking these concepts in a way that guards the plurality of significance that each one shelters, at the same time seeking to evaluate as much the political depth of the self as its relational structure. Both concepts - identity and recognition - contain some kind of link with otherness, with the notion of other that transforms the individual’s perception of self. But these concepts also shelter a base of perplexity and strangeness relative to the internal world of the citizen. Our main hypothesis is that this interiority of self is, partly, a public and political phenomenon. This hypothesis requires implementing a theoretical matrix open to transcending the logical-verbal structures of thought with which the issue of identity recognition is usually addressed, starting with the lexicon of “objective” and “subjective”, the extreme division of “what is public” and “what is private”, between the “inside” and “outside”.
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Colontonio, Carlos Ogawa. "A questão da racionalidade jurídica em Hart e em Dworkin." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8133/tde-05012012-154120/.
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O objetivo desta pesquisa é apresentar o modelo racional jurídico elaborado por Hart e o modelo racional jurídico elaborado por Dworkin, assim como a crítica realizada por Dworkin em face do Conceito de Direito oferecido por Hart. O positivista, Herbert Hart, propõe que o direito é formado por um sistema de regras primárias e regras secundárias, sendo que uma regra de reconhecimento é responsável por identificar quais regras estão ou não incluídas em tal sistema. Caso seja apresentado um problema que não é resolvido por uma regra reconhecida pelo critério, deverá o julgador apelar para a discricionariedade. Dworkin, em um primeiro momento, criticará o conceito de Hart, alegando que o seu critério de demarcação entre o que é direito e o que não é direito é insatisfatório, por deixar de reconhecer vários elementos como jurídicos, uma vez que a regra de reconhecimento, sendo um teste de pedigree, não à capaz de captar princípios de direito não legislados e direitos e deveres controversos. Ademais, há um erro na teoria positivista de Hart, ao afirmar que os casos não claramente resolvidos por uma regra serão resolvidos a partir da arbitrariedade da autoridade estatal. Posteriormente, Dworkin oferecerá um modelo de direito que dê conta da realidade jurídica, em seu entendimento. Um modelo em que o jurista, a partir do equilíbrio reflexivo e do axioma da equidade poderá deduzir teorias possíveis para responder problemas do direito, identificando, dentre estas teorias, qual é a melhor resposta, sendo portanto a resposta exigível para a solução da lide concreta.The objective of this research is to present the rational legal model presented by Hart and rational legal model presented by Dworkin as well as criticism made by Dworkin in the face of the Concept of Law offered by Hart. The positivist, Herbert Hart, proposes that the right is formed by a system of primary rules and secondary rules, and a rule of recognition is responsible for identifying what rules are or are not included in this system. If presented with a problem that is not resolved by a rule recognized by the criterion, the judge should resort to discretion. Dworkin, at first, criticize the concept of Hart, claiming that his criterion of demarcation between what is right and what is not right is unsatisfactory, for failing to recognize various elements such as legal, as a rule of recognition , being a test of pedigree, not able to capture the principles of law and not legislated rights and duties controversial. Furthermore, there is an error in the positivist theory of Hart, asserting that the cases do not clearly resolved by a rule will be resolved from the arbitrariness of state authority. Later, Dworkin offer a model law that embraces the legal reality in his mind. A model in which the lawyer from the reflective equilibrium and the axiom of justice may deduct possible theories to address problems of law, identifying, among these theories, what is the best answer, the answer is therefore required for the solution of the dispute concrete.
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Boumaiza, Ameni. "Reconnaissance et localisation de symboles dans les documents graphiques : approches basées sur le treillis de concepts." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0028/document.
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Omniprésents, la relation homme-machine est encore une définition ardue à cerner. Les ordinateurs réalisent dans le temps des tâches récurrentes. Ils aident ainsi l'homme à manipuler d'énormes quantités de données, souvent même plus rapidement et plus précisément que lui. Malgré cela, la capacité des ordinateurs demeure limitée lorsqu'il s'agit d'extraire automatiquement des informations d'images ou de vidéos, qui représentent pourtant des volumes de données extrêmement importants. La vision par ordinateur est un domaine qui inclut des méthodes d'acquisition, de traitement, d'analyse et de compréhension des images afin de produire de l'information numérique ou symbolique. Un axe de recherche contribuant au développement de ce domaine consiste à reproduire les capacités de la vision humaine par voie électronique afin de percevoir et de comprendre une image. Il s'agit de développer des algorithmes qui reproduisent une des capacités les plus étonnantes du cerveau humain à savoir la déduction des propriétés du monde purement externe au moyen de la lumière qui nous revient des divers objets qui nous entourent. Nos travaux de thèse s'inscrivent dans cet axe de recherche. Nous proposons plusieurs contributions originales s'inscrivant dans le cadre de résolution des problèmes de la reconnaissance et de la localisation des symboles graphiques en contexte. L'originalité des approches proposées réside dans la proposition d'une alliance intéressante entre l'Analyse Formelle de Concepts et la vision par ordinateur. Pour ce faire, nous nous sommes confrontés à l'étude du domaine de l'AFC et plus précisément l'adaptation de la structure du treillis de concepts et son utilisation comme étant l'outil majeur de nos travaux. La principale particularité de notre travail réside dans son aspect générique vu que les méthodes proposées peuvent être alliées à divers outils autre que le treillis de concepts en gardant les mêmes stratégies adoptées et en suivant une procédure semblable. Notre incursion dans le domaine de l'Analyse Formelle de Concepts et plus précisément notre choix de la structure du treillis de Galois appelé aussi treillis de concepts est motivé par les nombreux avantages présentés par cet outil. Le principal avantage du treillis de concepts est l'aspect symbolique qu'il offre. Il présente un espace de recherche concis, précis et souple facilitant ainsi la prise de décision. Nos contributions sont inscrites dans le cadre de la reconnaissance et de localisation de symboles dans les documents graphiques. Nous proposons des chaînes de traitement s'inscrivant dans le domaine de la vision par ordinateurComputer vision is a field that includes methods for the acquisition, processing, analysis and understanding of images to produce numerical or symbolic information. A research contributing to the development of this area is to replicate the capabilities of human vision to perceive and understand images. Our thesis is part of this research axis. We propose several original contributions belonging to the context of graphics recognition and spotting context. The originality of the proposed approaches is the proposal of an interesting alliance between the Formal Concept Analysis and the Computer Vision fields. We face the study of the FCA field and more precisely the adaptation of the structure of concept lattice and its use as the main tool of our work. The main feature of our work lies in its generic aspect because the proposed methods can be combined with various other tools keeping the same strategies and following a similar procedure. Our foray into the area of the Formal Concept Analysis and more precisely our choice of the structure of the Galois lattice, also called concept lattice is motivated by the many advantages offered by this tool. The main advantage of concept lattice is the symbolic aspect. It is a concise, accurate and flexible search space thus facilitating decision making. Our contributions are recorded as part of the recognition and localization of symbols in graphic documents. We propose to recognize and spot symbols in graphical documents (technical drawings for example) using the alliance between the bag of words representation and the Galois lattice formalism. We opt for various methods belonging to the computer vision field
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Caubriere, Antoine. "Du signal au concept : réseaux de neurones profonds appliqués à la compréhension de la parole." Thesis, Le Mans, 2021. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03177996.
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Cette thèse s’inscrit dans le cadre de l’apprentissage profond appliqué à la compréhension de la parole. Jusqu'à présent, cette tâche était réalisée par l’intermédiaire d’une chaîne de composants mettant en oeuvre, par exemple, un système de reconnaissance de la parole, puis différents traitements du langage naturel, avant d’impliquer un système de compréhension du langage sur les transcriptions automatiques enrichies. Récemment, des travaux dans le domaine de la reconnaissance de la parole ont montré qu’il était possible de produire une séquence de mots directement à partir du signal acoustique. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, il est question d’exploiter ces avancées et de les étendre pour concevoir un système composé d’un seul modèle neuronal entièrement optimisé pour la tâche de compréhension de la parole, du signal au concept. Tout d’abord, nous présentons un état de l’art décrivant les principes de l’apprentissage neuronal profond, de la reconnaissance de la parole, et de la compréhension de la parole. Nous décrivons ensuite les contributions réalisées selon trois axes principaux. Nous proposons un premier système répondant à la problématique posée et l’appliquons à une tâche de reconnaissance des entités nommées. Puis, nous proposons une stratégie de transfert d’apprentissage guidée par une approche de type curriculum learning. Cette stratégie s’appuie sur les connaissances génériques apprises afin d’améliorer les performances d’un système neuronal sur une tâche d’extraction de concepts sémantiques. Ensuite, nous effectuons une analyse des erreurs produites par notre approche, tout en étudiant le fonctionnement de l’architecture neuronale proposée. Enfin, nous mettons en place une mesure de confiance permettant d’évaluer la fiabilité d’une hypothèse produite par notre systèmeThis thesis is part of the deep learning applied to spoken language understanding. Until now, this task was performed through a pipeline of components implementing, for example, a speech recognition system, then different natural language processing, before involving a language understanding system on enriched automatic transcriptions. Recently, work in the field of speech recognition has shown that it is possible to produce a sequence of words directly from the acoustic signal. Within the framework of this thesis, the aim is to exploit these advances and extend them to design a system composed of a single neural model fully optimized for the spoken language understanding task, from signal to concept. First, we present a state of the art describing the principles of deep learning, speech recognition, and speech understanding. Then, we describe the contributions made along three main axes. We propose a first system answering the problematic posed and apply it to a task of named entities recognition. Then, we propose a transfer learning strategy guided by a curriculum learning approach. This strategy is based on the generic knowledge learned to improve the performance of a neural system on a semantic concept extraction task. Then, we perform an analysis of the errors produced by our approach, while studying the functioning of the proposed neural architecture. Finally, we set up a confidence measure to evaluate the reliability of a hypothesis produced by our system
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Roche, Alexis. "Reconnaissance et performance : proposition du concept de reconnaissance activatrice et d'un modèle intégrateur." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO30011/document.
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La reconnaissance touche toutes les personnes et de nombreux domaines. La complexité sémantique du concept tend à rendre floues sa représentation et son utilisation. Le concept de reconnaissance s’inscrit dans des interrogations transdisciplinaires: philosophiques, psychologiques, sociologiques, biologiques et anthropologiques en particulier. Ce concept est de plus en plus utilisé en sciences de gestion. À l’heure du multiculturalisme, des crises économiques, d’une gestion de plus en plus impersonnelle de l’humain, et de la perte de sens du travail, les chercheurs et praticiens s’interrogent sur les modalités d’une bonne reconnaissance et sur les coûts engendrés par les défauts de reconnaissance au travail. En effet, replacer l’Homme au cœur du travail et assurer le respect réciproque des différents acteurs, non-hiérarchiques comme hiérarchiques, devient une nécessité.Cet objet de recherche est encore émergent en sciences de gestion. Il est pourtant au fondement de phénomènes d’actualité, notamment la gestion de la diversité et de la responsabilité sociale. Il est donc la cible d’enjeux moraux. Au regard des impacts liés à la dépersonnalisation du travail, de plus en plus d’individus, du haut en bas de la hiérarchie dans les organisations, s’interrogent sur les enjeux sociaux et économiques du manque de reconnaissance et de la gestion de la reconnaissance. Cette thèse vise à mettre en évidence les liens forts qui existent entre la reconnaissance et la performance, notamment lorsque les organisations visent une performance socio-économique durable.La première partie explicite les fondements conceptuels et méthodologiques de la recherche, et présente nos terrains d’expérimentations. Le concept de reconnaissance est abordé sous un angle polysémique et transdisciplinaire. La justification de la méthodologie, l’exploitation de plus de 400 entretiens, issus de 12 organisations, avec l’ensemble des catégories de personnel, et l’étude de deux cas longitudinaux, attestent de la robustesse du travail de recherche.La seconde partie explique l’origine socialement construite de la reconnaissance au regard de l’histoire de chaque individu. Elle analyse sa dimension perceptive et symbolique. Nous proposons une nomenclature du système de reconnaissance et inventorions un certain nombre de facteurs transversaux qui influencent les perceptions de reconnaissance et leurs impacts sur les sentiments de satisfaction et d’insatisfaction. Enfin, nous étudions l’influence de trois variables (la taille de l’organisation, le niveau hiérarchique et le secteur d’activité) sur les attentes de reconnaissance.La troisième partie analyse deux cas longitudinaux et établit des liens entre la reconnaissance et la performance. Nous évaluons les coûts liés aux mauvaises pratiques de reconnaissance et au manque de reconnaissance. Nous catégorisons deux systèmes de reconnaissance dialectiques présents dans les organisations et apportons des résultats relatifs aux pratiques mises en place. Nous proposons enfin des pistes d’amélioration de la reconnaissance, pour développer une performance socio-économique durable à travers l’élaboration du concept de « reconnaissance activatrice »Recognition affects every one in a lot of situation. Because it’s semantic complexity, the concept is not easy to clearly define and use it. Miscellaneous branches as : Philosophy, psychology, Sociology, Biology or Anthropology, are wondering by this concept of recognition. This concept is still used more and more by the Management Sciences. This period is marked by development of multiculturalism, the appearance of economic crisis, an increase of impersonal management of the human being and a loss of work sense. So, researchers and practitioners are thinking about the way over to set forth right recognition rules and about the costs created by the defects of recognition at work. Indeed, it becomes a necessity to place Man into the heart of the work and secure a mutual respect between the various actors, hierarchical or not.This research object is emerging in the field of Management Sciences. However, it is the basis of currents events, especially concerning the diversity management and the social responsibility. So, the subject is really at the focal point of moral stakes. Facing the impacts sourced by the depersonalization into the working organizations, more and more people from the bottom to the top of theirs hierarchy are questioning on the social and economic stakes coming from missing recognition and recognition management. This thesis aims at to place in an obvious position the strong links existing between recognition and performance, especially when the organizations want sustainable socioeconomic performances.The first part of the thesis clarify the abstract and methodological bases of these investigations and set out our experimentations fields. The recognition concept is approached under a polysemic and interdisciplinary angle. The justification of the methodology, the exploitation of more than 400 interviews from 12 organizations with the whole employee’s grades and the study of two longitudinal cases testify the robustness of the research work.The second part explain the socially constructed origin of recognition according to the history of each person. It analyzes its perceptive and symbolical aspects. We propose a list of the system of recognition and make an inventory of several transverse factors acting upon the recognition perceptions and their impacts on the feelings of satisfaction and dissatisfaction. At last, we study the influence of three variables : the organization size, the hierarchical level and the business branch, upon the recognition expectations.The third part analyzes two longitudinal cases and establishes links between recognition and performance. We estimate the costs connected to the bad practices in recognition and to the lack of recognition. We categorize two dialectical recognition systems into the organizations and bring results according to these practices. At last, we suggest some possibilities for a recognition enhancement aiming to develop sustainable socioeconomic performances by the elaboration of concept : « activating recognition »
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Mallavarapu, Suma. "Object permanence in orangutans, gorillas, and black-and-white ruffed lemurs." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29651.
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Thesis (Ph.D)--Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.Committee Chair: Maple, Terry; Committee Member: Blanchard-Fields, Fredda; Committee Member: Hampton, Robert; Committee Member: Marr, Marcus; Committee Member: Stoinski, Tara. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
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Lago, Pablo Antonio. "O casamento enquanto conceito interpretativo e seu reconhecimento como direito moral dos homossexuais: diálogo crítico entre as concepções de John Finnis e Ronald Dworkin." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2139/tde-08112017-094636/.
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A presente dissertação de mestrado visa responder afirmativamente a seguinte questão: existe um direito moral ao casamento homossexual? Para tanto, analisa o tema a partir da Filosofia Moral e Política, o que demonstra a necessidade de se conceituar o casamento antes de verificar se este constitui ou não um direito moral. Parte-se das concepções de casamento formuladas por John Finnis e Ronald Dworkin, analisando-as criticamente, propondo-se após uma que seja capaz de tratar o casamento enquanto um conceito interpretativo. Somente então é possível verificar se o casamento corresponde a um direito moral dos homossexuais, o que se faz primordialmente a partir das críticas desenvolvidas por Herbert Hart e Dworkin à posição de Patrick Devlin, e da concepção dworkiniana de igualdade e dignidade humana. Conclui-se que o dever do Estado de tratar os indivíduos com igual respeito e consideração implica no reconhecimento do casamento como direito moral dos homossexuais, e que a análise da questão sob a ótica da moralidade pública implica na discussão de seus limites, bem como no debate mais amplo acerca dos direitos das minorias em geral.This dissertation aims to answer affirmatively the following question: is there a moral right to gay marriage? To do that, it analyzes the theme from the perspective of the Philosophy and Political Morals, which demonstrates the need to conceptualize marriage before checking whether it constitutes a moral right or not. It starts with the conceptions of marriage made by John Finnis and Ronald Dworkin, analyzing them critically, and after proposing the treatment of marriage as an interpretive concept. Only then it is possible to verify if marriage represents a moral right of homosexuals, which is made primarily from the critiques developed by Herbert Hart and Dworkin to the position of Patrick Devlin, and the dworkinian conception of equality and human dignity. It concludes that the state\'s duty to treat individuals with equal respect and consideration implies the recognition of marriage as a moral right of homosexuals, and that the analysis of the issue from the standpoint of public morality involves the discussion of its limits in the wider debate about the rights of minorities in general as well.
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Robbie, Byron. "Beyond inclusion : transforming the educational governance relationship between First Nations and school districts in British Columbia /." Burnaby B.C. : Simon Fraser University, 2005. http://ir.lib.sfu.ca/handle/1892/2086.
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Aguiar, Joana Guilares de. "Desenvolvimento e validação de um questionário para avaliar o nível de proficiência de alunos em mapeamento conceitual." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/81/81132/tde-13082012-112959/.
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Mapa conceitual (MC) é uma técnica de organização e representação do conhecimento através de uma rede proposicional. Ainda que utilizado no âmbito da educação formal poucos trabalhos mencionam a importância e necessidade da capacitação na técnica para que se possa desfrutar de seus benefícios. Este estudo desenvolveu um instrumento para avaliar o nível de conhecimento de mapeadores após o processo de capacitação em MCs. A tabela de clareza proposicional, o MC semiestruturado e a aprendizagem colaborativa expandida foram três estratégias instrucionais desenvolvidas a fim de permitir que os alunos compreendessem os quatro conceitos centrais do mapeamento conceitual: proposição, questão focal, recursividade e hierarquia. Um questionário (escala Likert 5-níveis) contendo cinco afirmações foi desenvolvido, validado (? de Cronbach 0,902) e aplicado para medir a compreensão dos alunos sobre os MCs. Os questionários (n = 232) foram coletados na última aula da disciplina Ciências da Natureza, oferecida aos alunos ingressantes da Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades (EACH/USP Leste) em 2009 e 2010. Quatro turmas receberam treinamento sistemático em MCs (grupo experimental) enquanto uma turma não recebeu o mesmo treinamento (grupo controle). A análise dos dados envolveu o tratamento estatístico de comparação entre médias por teste-t de Student e a estatística multivariada exploratória com métodos de reconhecimento de padrões através das análises hierárquica de agrupamentos (HCA) e de componentes principais (PCA). O resultado do teste-t confirmou que o questionário foi capaz de diferenciar alunos do grupo experimental em relação ao grupo controle. A HCA agrupou os alunos de acordo com seu nível de entendimento em mapeamento conceitual e a PCA, além de corroborar com os resultados da HCA, indicou que o entendimento da clareza semântica de proposições e da importância da pergunta focal são críticos para se tornar proficiente na técnica.Concept Map (Cmap) is a technique to organize and represent knowledge through a propositional net. Although the fact that concept maps are used in formal education context few papers has mentioned the importance and necessity of a straight-forward training session on the technique, which allow to enjoy its benefits. This study develops an instrument to assess the level of knowledge of mappers after the straight-forward training session. The propositional clarity table, the half structured Cmap and the expanded collaborative learning were the three strategies responsible to guarantee the understanding of four central concepts in conceptual mapping: proposition, focal question, recursivity revision and hierarchy. Five statements\' questionnaire (five-level Likert\'s scale) was developed, validated (Cronbach\'s alpha 0.902) and tested to assess the students\' understanding about Cmaps. Those questionnaires (n = 232) was collected on the last class of Natural Science course offered to first year\'s students of the Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades (School of Arts, Science and Humanities - University of São Paulo) in 2009 and 2010. Four classes was systematic trained (experimental group) and one class does not received the same training (control group). The data analysis involved the statistical treatment to comparison between the means by Student\'s t-test and non-supervised exploratory multivariate analysis for pattern recognition by Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The results of t-test confirmed the questionnaire capability to distinguish the students of experimental from control group. HCA clustered the students according to their knowlodge level in concept mapping. PCA not only agree with the HCA results but also demonstrated that the understanding of propositional clarity semantic and the importance of focal question are critical to students that desire to be proficiencies in Cmaps.
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Doms, Andreas. "GoPubMed: Ontology-based literature search for the life sciences." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-ds-1232454035091-47450.
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Background: Most of our biomedical knowledge is only accessible through texts. The biomedical literature grows exponentially and PubMed comprises over 18.000.000 literature abstracts. Recently much effort has been put into the creation of biomedical ontologies which capture biomedical facts. The exploitation of ontologies to explore the scientific literature is a new area of research. Motivation: When people search, they have questions in mind. Answering questions in a domain requires the knowledge of the terminology of that domain. Classical search engines do not provide background knowledge for the presentation of search results. Ontology annotated structured databases allow for data-mining. The hypothesis is that ontology annotated literature databases allow for text-mining. The central problem is to associate scientific publications with ontological concepts. This is a prerequisite for ontology-based literature search. The question then is how to answer biomedical questions using ontologies and a literature corpus. Finally the task is to automate bibliometric analyses on an corpus of scientific publications. Approach: Recent joint efforts on automatically extracting information from free text showed that the applied methods are complementary. The idea is to employ the rich terminological and relational information stored in biomedical ontologies to markup biomedical text documents. Based on established semantic links between documents and ontology concepts the goal is to answer biomedical question on a corpus of documents. The entirely annotated literature corpus allows for the first time to automatically generate bibliometric analyses for ontological concepts, authors and institutions. Results: This work includes a novel annotation framework for free texts with ontological concepts. The framework allows to generate recognition patterns rules from the terminological and relational information in an ontology. Maximum entropy models can be trained to distinguish the meaning of ambiguous concept labels. The framework was used to develop a annotation pipeline for PubMed abstracts with 27,863 Gene Ontology concepts. The evaluation of the recognition performance yielded a precision of 79.9% and a recall of 72.7% improving the previously used algorithm by 25,7% f-measure. The evaluation was done on a manually created (by the original authors) curation corpus of 689 PubMed abstracts with 18,356 curations of concepts. Methods to reason over large amounts of documents with ontologies were developed. The ability to answer questions with the online system was shown on a set of biomedical question of the TREC Genomics Track 2006 benchmark. This work includes the first ontology-based, large scale, online available, up-to-date bibliometric analysis for topics in molecular biology represented by GO concepts. The automatic bibliometric analysis is in line with existing, but often out-dated, manual analyses. Outlook: A number of promising continuations starting from this work have been spun off. A freely available online search engine has a growing user community. A spin-off company was funded by the High-Tech Gründerfonds which commercializes the new ontology-based search paradigm. Several off-springs of GoPubMed including GoWeb (general web search), Go3R (search in replacement, reduction, refinement methods for animal experiments), GoGene (search in gene/protein databases) are developed.
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Doms, Andreas. "GoPubMed: Ontology-based literature search for the life sciences." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universität Dresden, 2008. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A23835.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Most of our biomedical knowledge is only accessible through texts. The biomedical literature grows exponentially and PubMed comprises over 18.000.000 literature abstracts. Recently much effort has been put into the creation of biomedical ontologies which capture biomedical facts. The exploitation of ontologies to explore the scientific literature is a new area of research. Motivation: When people search, they have questions in mind. Answering questions in a domain requires the knowledge of the terminology of that domain. Classical search engines do not provide background knowledge for the presentation of search results. Ontology annotated structured databases allow for data-mining. The hypothesis is that ontology annotated literature databases allow for text-mining. The central problem is to associate scientific publications with ontological concepts. This is a prerequisite for ontology-based literature search. The question then is how to answer biomedical questions using ontologies and a literature corpus. Finally the task is to automate bibliometric analyses on an corpus of scientific publications. Approach: Recent joint efforts on automatically extracting information from free text showed that the applied methods are complementary. The idea is to employ the rich terminological and relational information stored in biomedical ontologies to markup biomedical text documents. Based on established semantic links between documents and ontology concepts the goal is to answer biomedical question on a corpus of documents. The entirely annotated literature corpus allows for the first time to automatically generate bibliometric analyses for ontological concepts, authors and institutions. Results: This work includes a novel annotation framework for free texts with ontological concepts. The framework allows to generate recognition patterns rules from the terminological and relational information in an ontology. Maximum entropy models can be trained to distinguish the meaning of ambiguous concept labels. The framework was used to develop a annotation pipeline for PubMed abstracts with 27,863 Gene Ontology concepts. The evaluation of the recognition performance yielded a precision of 79.9% and a recall of 72.7% improving the previously used algorithm by 25,7% f-measure. The evaluation was done on a manually created (by the original authors) curation corpus of 689 PubMed abstracts with 18,356 curations of concepts. Methods to reason over large amounts of documents with ontologies were developed. The ability to answer questions with the online system was shown on a set of biomedical question of the TREC Genomics Track 2006 benchmark. This work includes the first ontology-based, large scale, online available, up-to-date bibliometric analysis for topics in molecular biology represented by GO concepts. The automatic bibliometric analysis is in line with existing, but often out-dated, manual analyses. Outlook: A number of promising continuations starting from this work have been spun off. A freely available online search engine has a growing user community. A spin-off company was funded by the High-Tech Gründerfonds which commercializes the new ontology-based search paradigm. Several off-springs of GoPubMed including GoWeb (general web search), Go3R (search in replacement, reduction, refinement methods for animal experiments), GoGene (search in gene/protein databases) are developed.
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Campos, David Emmanuel Marques. "Mining biomedical information from scientific literature." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/12853.
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Doutoramento conjunto MAP-iThe rapid evolution and proliferation of a world-wide computerized network, the Internet, resulted in an overwhelming and constantly growing amount of publicly available data and information, a fact that was also verified in biomedicine. However, the lack of structure of textual data inhibits its direct processing by computational solutions. Information extraction is the task of text mining that intends to automatically collect information from unstructured text data sources. The goal of the work described in this thesis was to build innovative solutions for biomedical information extraction from scientific literature, through the development of simple software artifacts for developers and biocurators, delivering more accurate, usable and faster results. We started by tackling named entity recognition - a crucial initial task - with the development of Gimli, a machine-learning-based solution that follows an incremental approach to optimize extracted linguistic characteristics for each concept type. Afterwards, Totum was built to harmonize concept names provided by heterogeneous systems, delivering a robust solution with improved performance results. Such approach takes advantage of heterogenous corpora to deliver cross-corpus harmonization that is not constrained to specific characteristics. Since previous solutions do not provide links to knowledge bases, Neji was built to streamline the development of complex and custom solutions for biomedical concept name recognition and normalization. This was achieved through a modular and flexible framework focused on speed and performance, integrating a large amount of processing modules optimized for the biomedical domain. To offer on-demand heterogenous biomedical concept identification, we developed BeCAS, a web application, service and widget. We also tackled relation mining by developing TrigNER, a machine-learning-based solution for biomedical event trigger recognition, which applies an automatic algorithm to obtain the best linguistic features and model parameters for each event type. Finally, in order to assist biocurators, Egas was developed to support rapid, interactive and real-time collaborative curation of biomedical documents, through manual and automatic in-line annotation of concepts and relations. Overall, the research work presented in this thesis contributed to a more accurate update of current biomedical knowledge bases, towards improved hypothesis generation and knowledge discovery.
A rápida evolução e proliferação de uma rede mundial de computadores, a Internet, resultou num esmagador e constante crescimento na quantidade de dados e informação publicamente disponíveis, o que também se verificou na biomedicina. No entanto, a inexistência de estrutura em dados textuais inibe o seu processamento direto por parte de soluções informatizadas. Extração de informação é a tarefa de mineração de texto que pretende extrair automaticamente informação de fontes de dados de texto não estruturados. O objetivo do trabalho descrito nesta tese foi essencialmente focado em construir soluções inovadoras para extração de informação biomédica a partir da literatura científica, através do desenvolvimento de aplicações simples de usar por programadores e bio-curadores, capazes de fornecer resultados mais precisos, usáveis e de forma mais rápida. Começámos por abordar o reconhecimento de nomes de conceitos - uma tarefa inicial e fundamental - com o desenvolvimento de Gimli, uma solução baseada em inteligência artificial que aplica uma estratégia incremental para otimizar as características linguísticas extraídas do texto para cada tipo de conceito. Posteriormente, Totum foi implementado para harmonizar nomes de conceitos provenientes de sistemas heterogéneos, oferecendo uma solução mais robusta e com melhores resultados. Esta aproximação recorre a informação contida em corpora heterogéneos para disponibilizar uma solução não restrita às característica de um único corpus. Uma vez que as soluções anteriores não oferecem ligação dos nomes a bases de conhecimento, Neji foi construído para facilitar o desenvolvimento de soluções complexas e personalizadas para o reconhecimento de conceitos nomeados e respectiva normalização. Isto foi conseguido através de uma plataforma modular e flexível focada em rapidez e desempenho, integrando um vasto conjunto de módulos de processamento optimizados para o domínio biomédico. De forma a disponibilizar identificação de conceitos biomédicos em tempo real, BeCAS foi desenvolvido para oferecer um serviço, aplicação e widget Web. A extracção de relações entre conceitos também foi abordada através do desenvolvimento de TrigNER, uma solução baseada em inteligência artificial para o reconhecimento de palavras que desencadeiam a ocorrência de eventos biomédicos. Esta ferramenta aplica um algoritmo automático para encontrar as melhores características linguísticas e parâmetros para cada tipo de evento. Finalmente, de forma a auxiliar o trabalho de bio-curadores, Egas foi desenvolvido para suportar a anotação rápida, interactiva e colaborativa em tempo real de documentos biomédicos, através da anotação manual e automática de conceitos e relações de forma contextualizada. Resumindo, este trabalho contribuiu para a actualização mais precisa das actuais bases de conhecimento, auxiliando a formulação de hipóteses e a descoberta de novo conhecimento.
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Simonnet, Edwin. "Réseaux de neurones profonds appliqués à la compréhension de la parole." Thesis, Le Mans, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LEMA1006/document.
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Cette thèse s'inscrit dans le cadre de l'émergence de l'apprentissage profond et aborde la compréhension de la parole assimilée à l'extraction et à la représentation automatique du sens contenu dans les mots d'une phrase parlée. Nous étudions une tâche d'étiquetage en concepts sémantiques dans un contexte de dialogue oral évaluée sur le corpus français MEDIA. Depuis une dizaine d'années, les modèles neuronaux prennent l'ascendant dans de nombreuses tâches de traitement du langage naturel grâce à des avancées algorithmiques ou à la mise à disposition d'outils de calcul puissants comme les processeurs graphiques. De nombreux obstacles rendent la compréhension complexe, comme l'interprétation difficile des transcriptions automatiques de la parole étant donné que de nombreuses erreurs sont introduites par le processus de reconnaissance automatique en amont du module de compréhension. Nous présentons un état de l'art décrivant la compréhension de la parole puis les méthodes d'apprentissage automatique supervisé pour la résoudre en commençant par des systèmes classiques pour finir avec des techniques d'apprentissage profond. Les contributions sont ensuite exposées suivant trois axes. Premièrement, nous développons une architecture neuronale efficace consistant en un réseau récurent bidirectionnel encodeur-décodeur avec mécanisme d’attention. Puis nous abordons la gestion des erreurs de reconnaissance automatique et des solutions pour limiter leur impact sur nos performances. Enfin, nous envisageons une désambiguïsation de la tâche de compréhension permettant de rendre notre système plus performantThis thesis is a part of the emergence of deep learning and focuses on spoken language understanding assimilated to the automatic extraction and representation of the meaning supported by the words in a spoken utterance. We study a semantic concept tagging task used in a spoken dialogue system and evaluated with the French corpus MEDIA. For the past decade, neural models have emerged in many natural language processing tasks through algorithmic advances or powerful computing tools such as graphics processors. Many obstacles make the understanding task complex, such as the difficult interpretation of automatic speech transcriptions, as many errors are introduced by the automatic recognition process upstream of the comprehension module. We present a state of the art describing spoken language understanding and then supervised automatic learning methods to solve it, starting with classical systems and finishing with deep learning techniques. The contributions are then presented along three axes. First, we develop an efficient neural architecture consisting of a bidirectional recurrent network encoder-decoder with attention mechanism. Then we study the management of automatic recognition errors and solutions to limit their impact on our performances. Finally, we envisage a disambiguation of the comprehension task making the systems more efficient
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Lourenço, Jóni Amauri de Almeida. "A web-based collaborative curation system for biomedical literature." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/14070.
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Mestrado em Engenharia de Computadores e TelemáticaWith the overwhelming amount of biomedical textual information being produced, several manual curation efforts have been set up to extract and store concepts and their relationships into structured resources. Since manual annotation is a very demanding and expensive task, computerized solutions were developed to perform such tasks automatically. Nevertheless, high-end information extraction techniques are still not widely used by biomedical research communities, mainly due to the lack of standards and limitations in usability. Interactive annotation tools intend to fill this gap, taking advantage of automatic techniques and existing knowledge bases to assist expert curators in their daily tasks. This thesis presents Egas, a web-based platform for biomedical text mining and assisted curation with highly usable interfaces for manual and automatic inline annotation of concepts and relations. Furthermore, a comprehensive set of knowledge bases are integrated and indexed to provide straightforward concept normalization features. Additionally, curators can also rely on real-time collaboration and conversation functionalities allowing discussing details of the annotation task as well as providing instant feedback of curators interactions. Egas also provides interfaces for on-demand management of the annotation task settings and guidelines, and supports standard formats and literature services to import and export documents. By taking advantage of Egas, we participated in the BioCreative IV interactive annotation task, targeting the assisted identification of protein-protein interactions described in PubMed abstracts related to neuropathological disorders. Thereby, when evaluated by expert curators, Egas obtained very positive scores in terms of usability, reliability and performance. These results, together with the provided innovative features, place Egas as a state-of-the-art solution for fast and accurate curation of information, facilitating the task of creating and updating knowledge bases in a more consistent way.
Com o acréscimo da quantidade de literatura biomédica a ser produzida todos os dias, vários esforços têm sido feitos para tentar extrair e armazenar de forma estruturada os conceitos e as relações nela presentes. Por outro lado, uma vez que a extração manual de conceitos compreende uma tarefa extremamente exigente e exaustiva, algumas soluções de anotação automática foram surgindo. No entanto, mesmo os sistemas de anotação mais completos não têm sido muito bem recebidos no seio das equipas de investigação, em grande parte devido às falhas a nível de usabilidade e de interface standards. Para colmatar esta falha são necessárias ferramentas de anotação interativa, que tirem proveito de sistemas de anotação automática e de bases de dados já existentes, para ajudar os anotadores nas suas tarefas do dia-a-dia. Nesta dissertação iremos apresentar uma plataforma de anotação de literatura biomédica orientada para a usabilidade e que suporta anotação manual e automática. No mesmo sentido, integramos no sistema várias bases de dados, no intuito de facilitar a normalização dos conceitos anotados. Por outro lado, os utilizadores podem também contar com funcionalidades colaborativas em toda a aplicação, estimulando assim a interação entre os anotadores e, desta forma, a produção de melhores resultados. O sistema apresenta ainda funcionalidades para importar e exportar ficheiros, gestão de projetos e diretivas de anotação. Com esta plataforma, Egas, participámos na tarefa de anotação interativa do BioCreative IV (IAT), nomeadamente na identificação de interações proteína-proteína. Depois de avaliado por um conjunto de anotadores, o Egas obteve os melhores resultados entre os sistemas apresentados, relativamente à usabilidade, confiança e desempenho.
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Palacio, Avendaño Martha. "Implicaciones éticas y políticas de la "creación de sí" a partir de la filosofía de Richard Rorty." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/284642.
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Este trabajo aborda y analiza el problema de la inclusión social y política desde tres perspectivas distintas: la del feminismo, la del reconocimiento cultural y la de la justicia global. Para esto parte de las tesis de la filosofía del pragmatista Richard Rorty sobre la creación de sí y las contrasta con las críticas a sus propuestas realizadas por la teórica feminista Nancy Fraser. La articulación del análisis se divide en dos partes. La primera reconstruye y analiza las tres discusiones que Rorty y Fraser tuvieron desde el año de 1989 hasta el 2000. Sigue un criterio cronológico que permite tanto visualizar los desplazamientos en sus respectivas posturas como diferenciar ejes temáticos que dotan de relieve el desafío político y social del anhelo de inclusión en una sociedad democrática. Para dar inicio a este análisis, se provee un marco general sobre la reflexión entre teoría y práctica desde el pragmatismo del que se destila la comprensión de la función del intelectual en una comunidad política liberal. Posteriormente, se plantea el desafío de la inclusión social y política que representa el feminismo y se insiste en considerar las raíces históricas de su reivindicación sin eludir la tesis de la contingencia de la identidad. Tras este análisis, se estudian las condiciones en que surge la discusión sobre la política del reconocimiento en la sociedad estadounidense. Se estudia en concreto la confrontación argumental entre Rorty y Fraser sobre esta cuestión y se plantea la importancia de asumir que los procesos de individuación son el resultado de condiciones sociales que, traducidas como diferenciaciones morales, articulan el espacio lógico de deliberación de una sociedad. El reconocimiento de formas de vida distinta así como la problemática del feminismo revelan, en conjunto, que el desafío de una inclusión social efectiva consiste en la modificación del espacio lógico de deliberación, de las formas y modos de justificar las acciones que realizamos, y que dicha modificación pasa también por revisar las condiciones de la estructura social en que esas formas de vida se generan y reproducen. La segunda analiza de qué modo la construcción social del espacio de interacción está en relación con modificaciones estructurales. Este análisis se realiza al estudiar el problema de la inclusión social y política desde la perspectiva del debate sobre justicia global. Para ilustrar este asunto se presenta el contexto sociohistórico en que emerge el debate de la justicia global, se identifica el panorama anglosajón de la discusión y se proponen tres claves interpretativas para la comprensión de este debate. La tercera de las claves refiere a las condiciones sobre la modificación estructural de la globalización que incide en el ejercicio del poder democrático. Con base en esta clave se plantea el diálogo entre las tesis sobre cosmopolitismo sostenidas por Richard Rorty y el planteamiento de Nancy Fraser sobre la justicia global. Aunque los autores no discutieron de modo directo sobre esta última cuestión, nos es posible ponerlos en situación de diálogo al identificar algunos puntos de convergencia entre sus posicionamientos sobre el alcance de los principios de justicia. La convergencia a la que se alude tiene que ver con la importancia del análisis estructural como parte de las condiciones para plantear principios que aspiran a la inclusión social más allá de la escala del Estado-nación. La discusión entre Rorty y Fraser revela, también en esta segunda parte, que la tarea de modificar los límites de nuestro espacio de deliberación pasa por la de las condiciones sociales que estructuran nuestras formas de interacción.
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Santos, André Jerónimo Martins dos. "Automatic and interactive annotation of PDF documents." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/17886.
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Mestrado em Engenharia de Computadores e TelemáticaO aumento acelerado da literatura biomédica levou ao desenvolvimento de vários esforços para extrair e armazenar, de forma estruturada, a informação relativa aos conceitos e relações presentes nesses textos, oferecendo aos investigadores e clínicos um acesso rápido e fácil à informação. No entanto, este processo de "curadoria de conhecimento" é uma tarefa extremamente exaustiva, sendo cada vez mais comum o uso de ferramentas de anotação automática, fazendo uso de técnicas de mineração de texto. Apesar de já existirem sistemas de anotação bastante completos e que apresentam um alto desempenho, estes não são largamente usados pela comunidade biomédica, principalmente por serem complexos e apresentarem limitações ao nível de usabilidade. Por outro lado, o PDF tornou-se nos últimos anos num dos formatos mais populares para publicar e partilhar documentos visto poder ser apresentado exatamente da mesma maneira independentemente do sistema ou plataforma em que é acedido. A maioria das ferramentas de anotação foram principalmente desenhadas para extrair informação de texto livre, contudo hoje em dia uma grande parte da literatura biomédica é publicada e distribuída em PDF, e portanto a extração de informação de documentos PDF deve ser um ponto de foco para a comunidade de mineração de texto biomédico. O objetivo do trabalho descrito nesta dissertação foi a extensão da framework Neji, permitindo o processamento de documentos em formato PDF, e a integração dessas funcionalidades na plataforma Egas, permitindo que um utilizador possa visualizar e anotar, simultaneamente, o artigo original no formato PDF e o texto extraído deste. Os sistemas desenvolvidos apresentam bons resultados de desempenho, tanto em termos de velocidade de processamento como de representação da informação, o que também contribui para uma melhor experiência de utilizador. Além disso, apresentam várias vantagens para a comunidade de mineração de texto e curadores, permitindo a anotação direta de artigos no formato PDF e simplificando o uso e configuração destes sistemas de anotação por parte de investigadores.
The accelerated increase of the biomedical literature has led to various efforts to extract and store, in a structured way, the information related with the concepts and relations presented in those texts, providing to investigators and researchers a fast and easy access to knowledge. However, this process of “knowledge curation” is an extremely exhaustive task, being more and more common demanding the application of automatic annotation tools, that make use of text mining techniques. Even thought complete annotation systems already exist and produce high performance results, they are not widely used by the biomedical community, mainly because of their complexity and also due to some limitations in usability. On the other hand, the PDF has become in the last years one of the most popular formats for publishing and sharing documents because of it can be displayed exactly in the same way independently of the system or platform where it is accessed. The majority of annotation tools were mainly designed to extract information from raw text, although a big part of the biomedical literature is published and distributed in PDF, and thus the information extraction from PDF documents should be a focus point for the biomedical text mining community. The objective of the work described in this document is the extension of Neji framework, allowing the processing of documents in PDF format, and the integration of these features in Egas platform, allowing a user to simultaneously visualize the original article in PDF format and its extracted text. The improved and developed systems present good performing results, both in terms of processing speed and representation of the information, contributing also for a better user experience. Besides that, they present several advantages for the biomedical community, allowing the direct annotation of PDF articles and simplifying the use and configuration of these annotation systems by researchers.
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Sequeira, José Francisco Rodrigues. "Automatic knowledge base construction from unstructured text." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/17910.
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Mestrado em Engenharia de Computadores e TelemáticaTaking into account the overwhelming number of biomedical publications being produced, the effort required for a user to efficiently explore those publications in order to establish relationships between a wide range of concepts is staggering. This dissertation presents GRACE, a web-based platform that provides an advanced graphical exploration interface that allows users to traverse the biomedical domain in order to find explicit and latent associations between annotated biomedical concepts belonging to a variety of semantic types (e.g., Genes, Proteins, Disorders, Procedures and Anatomy). The knowledge base utilized is a collection of MEDLINE articles with English abstracts. These annotations are then stored in an efficient data storage that allows for complex queries and high-performance data delivery. Concept relationship are inferred through statistical analysis, applying association measures to annotated terms. These processes grant the graphical interface the ability to create, in real-time, a data visualization in the form of a graph for the exploration of these biomedical concept relationships.
Tendo em conta o crescimento do número de publicações biomédicas a serem produzidas todos os anos, o esforço exigido para que um utilizador consiga, de uma forma eficiente, explorar estas publicações para conseguir estabelecer associações entre um conjunto alargado de conceitos torna esta tarefa exaustiva. Nesta disertação apresentamos uma plataforma web chamada GRACE, que providencia uma interface gráfica de exploração que permite aos utilizadores navegar pelo domínio biomédico em busca de associações explícitas ou latentes entre conceitos biomédicos pertencentes a uma variedade de domínios semânticos (i.e., Genes, Proteínas, Doenças, Procedimentos e Anatomia). A base de conhecimento usada é uma coleção de artigos MEDLINE com resumos escritos na língua inglesa. Estas anotações são armazenadas numa base de dados que permite pesquisas complexas e obtenção de dados com alta performance. As relações entre conceitos são inferidas a partir de análise estatística, aplicando medidas de associações entre os conceitos anotados. Estes processos permitem à interface gráfica criar, em tempo real, uma visualização de dados, na forma de um grafo, para a exploração destas relações entre conceitos do domínio biomédico.
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Parks, Michael E. "An analysis of attitude recognition, formation, and change concepts in selected art education textbooks." Virtual Press, 1985. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/426371.
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The purpose of this study was to analyze selected art education textbooks to determine if art education majors were receiving exposure to attitude formation and change information as it relates to the teaching of art. This study was limited to textbooks designed for use in art teacher training courses.To initiate the study, university level art educators were asked to identify prominent art education textbooks from Books in Print. A list was compiled of the books collectively identified by the educators which was then further narrowed to seven texts based on number of editions and longevity.The content of each text was analyzed using attitude-related words as recording units to isolate attitude statements or context units. After all seven texts had been analyzed, each text's context units were sorted into statements of definition or statements suggesting action. Statements of definition, which revealed the author's understanding of attitudes, were subdivided into six characteristics of attitudes as identified by Morris and Stuckhardt (1977). Statements suggesting action were sorted into categories related to attitude formation and change as recognized by Berscheid and Walster (1969).Of the seven texts analyzed, five of the seven authors made frequent reference to attitudes and values, yet only one explicitly discussed their relationship to the art classroom. When discussing attitudes, the explicit author did so almost entirely in statements of definition with only 13.6% suggesting ways to nurture positive attitudes in students. The overall assessment of context units revealed that a total of 451 context units were found in the seven texts, of which 69.4% were statements of definition and only 28.4% suggested ways to nurture positive attitudes in the art classroom.With the one limited exception, the authors virtually ignored in their texts the body of attitude research from art education and social psychology. The frequency with which attitude concepts appeared in five of the seven texts suggested that their authors considered them important to art learning, yet no one discussed what they are, where they come from, or how they can be affected in an organized, systematic way.
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Cornell, Benjamin Laurence. "More Than the Looking Glass| The Associations Between School-Based Recognitions and Student Self-Concept." Thesis, University of California, Riverside, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10620041.
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Self-concept is related to student academic achievement and locus of control (Coleman et al., 1966), intrapersonal and interpersonal processes (Markus & Wurf, 1987), and many long-term outcomes, such as satisfaction with one’s job, marriage, and life in general (Mortimer et al., 1982). Although self-concept is fairly malleable in early adolescence, it becomes more stable and rigid in high school (Bachman, O’Malley, & Johnston, 1978; Protinsky & Farrier, 1980). While interventions targeting self-concept have generally been found to be successful (Hattie, 2014), the associations between specific school- based recognitions for achievement and student self-concept have yet to be investigated. Using data from the National Educational Longitudinal Study of 1988 (NCES, 1996), the following analysis investigated the associations between different school-based recognitions for achievement and students’ self-concept. In this study, a set of school- based recognition variables was identified and hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) analyses was used to build an ANCOVA with random effects model predicting student self-concept in the 10th grade while controlling for gender, race, socioeconomic status (SES), and prior self-concept (8th grade) scores. Results indicate support for the use of HLM statistical methods and the inclusion of the aforementioned covariates. However, none of the predictor variables from the identified set of school-based recognition variables were significantly related to self-concept when entered into the model. Implications for school psychology research and practice are presented within a multitiered systems of supports (MTSS) framework, including suggestions for the implementation of positive behavioral interventions and supports (PBIS).
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Adams, Thomas. "Real Estate Market Analysis Understanding Fundamental Value and Departures From It - Theoretical Concepts, Analytical Tools, and their Application in 'Bubble' Recognition /." St. Gallen, 2006. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/02607513001/$FILE/02607513001.pdf.
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Fisher, Anna Valeryevna. "Inductive generalization underlying mechanisms and developmental course /." Connect to resource, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1117039741.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 110 p.; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 103-110). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
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Lethelier, Edouard. "Combinaison des concepts de segmentation et de reconnaissance pour l'écriture manuscrite hors-ligne : application au traitement des montants numériques des chèques." Rouen, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ROUES045.
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Les travaux décrits dans ce document concernent l'étude et la mise en œuvre d'un principe de segmentation et de reconnaissance hors-ligne de caractères manuscrits omni-scripteurs appliqué à l'identification du montant numérique des chèques postaux. La première partie présente une analyse bibliographique des différents travaux concernant le traitement du manuscrit hors-ligne. La seconde partie expose l'approche retenue en s'appuyant sur un fondement probabiliste issu de la théorie de l'information. Les particularités de notre étude sont liées au contexte réel de l'application, ainsi qu'à l'importante variabilité d'écriture d'un montant numérique.
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Ameller, Aurély. "Les troubles de la familiarité dans la schizophrénie." Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01061407.
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Des troubles de la familiarité ont été décrits dans de nombreuses pathologies psychiatriques et neurologiques et seraient à l'origine d'anomalies de la cognition sociale. Dans la schizophrénie, ces troubles peuvent se développer selon deux polarités : l'hyper- et l'hypofamiliarité. Dans l'hyperfamiliarité, les sujets atteints pensent que des proches prennent l'apparence d'inconnus pour les persécuter ; le syndrome le plus décrit est le syndrome de Frégoli. A l'opposé, dans l'hypofamiliarité, les sujets reconnaissent leurs proches d'après les traits de leurs visages, mais pensent que ce sont des imposteurs qui ont pris l'apparence de leurs proches. Le syndrome de Capgras est le plus décrit dans l'hypofamiliarité et le plus étudié des troubles de la familiarité. Dans la schizophrénie, ces troubles concernent principalement les proches, mais également le sujet lui-même qui peut voir chez des inconnus des doubles de lui-même, par exemple. Bien que fréquents et largement décrits dans la schizophrénie, ces troubles restent très peu étudiés. Ainsi, les mécanismes sous-tendant les troubles de la familiarité dans la schizophrénie sont encore bien mal connus.L'objectif de ce travail de thèse a été de mieux comprendre les mécanismes sous-jacents aux troubles de la familiarité dans la schizophrénie au moyen d'études comportementales, utilisant la conductance cutanée et d'une étude en imagerie fonctionnelle par résonance magnétique (IRMf).Dans un premier temps, nous avons cherché à développer une échelle clinique permettant le diagnostic des troubles de la familiarité. En effet, à notre connaissance, aucun outil n'est actuellement validé. Il est alors difficile de caractériser ces troubles et les données épidémiologiques sont manquantes. Cette échelle a été construite d'après la proposition d'items par des experts des troubles de la familiarité, puis par la sélection des items les plus pertinents par d'autres experts. Elle est actuellement en cours de validation. Elle explore 4 dimensions de la familiarité : le soi, les proches, les lieux et les objets et cote ces dimensions respectivement pour l'hypo- et l'hyperfamiliarité.Dans un second temps, nous avons cherché à tester l'hypothèse selon laquelle les troubles de la familiarité, dans la schizophrénie, résulteraient d'une anomalie de la réponse émotionnelle lors de la reconnaissance normale d'un visage connu. Pour cela, nous avons enregistré, dans 2 études, la réponse électrodermale (RED) engendrée par la présentation de visages de soi, familiers, célèbres et inconnus. En effet, la RED est utilisée comme le reflet de l'émotion inconsciente générée par la présentation d'un stimulus (ici un visage). Les principaux résultats de nos 2 études ont montrés que : alors que chez les sujets sains, l'amplitude de la RED était faible pour la condition " inconnu ", elle augmentait pour la condition " célèbre " et était encore plus élevée pour les conditions " soi " et " familier ", chez les patients schizophrènes, l'amplitude de la RED était faible dans toutes les conditions. Plus spécifiquement, les patients schizophrènes ayant des troubles de la familiarité avaient une RED avec une amplitude similaire dans les différentes conditions : soi, familier, célèbre et inconnu. Ces résultats suggèrent qu'une atteinte émotionnelle puisse être responsable des troubles de la familiarité dans la schizophrénie et que cette atteinte soit du même ordre pour la familiarité que pour le soi.Enfin, dans une étude en IRMf, nous avons pu mettre en évidence une anomalie de fonctionnement des circuits neuronaux du soi et des circuits de la familiarité dans la schizophrénie. Ces résultats suggèrent une demande cognitive plus importante chez les patients (implication de régions du traitement cognitif) pour résoudre l'ambigüité créée par la présentation de visages hautement familiers, nous posons l'hypothèse que le soi et le familier sont difficiles à distinguer chez les patients. [...]
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McLucas, Alan Charles Civil Engineering Australian Defence Force Academy UNSW. "An investigation into the integration of qualitative and quantitative techniques for addressing systemic complexity in the context of organisational strategic decision-making." Awarded by:University of New South Wales - Australian Defence Force Academy. School of Civil Engineering, 2001. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/38744.
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System dynamics modelling has been used for around 40 years to address complex, systemic, dynamic problems, those often described as wicked. But, system dynamics modelling is not an exact science and arguments about the most suitable techniques to use in which circumstances, continues. The nature of these wicked problems is investigated through a series of case studies where poor situational awareness among stakeholders was identified. This was found to be an underlying cause for management failure, suggesting need for better ways of recognising and managing wicked problem situations. Human cognition is considered both as a limitation and enabler to decision-making in wicked problem environments. Naturalistic and deliberate decision-making are reviewed. The thesis identifies the need for integration of qualitative and quantitative techniques. Case study results and a review of the literature led to identification of a set of principles of method to be applied in an integrated framework, the aim being to develop an improved way of addressing wicked problems. These principles were applied to a series of cases in an action research setting. However, organisational and political barriers were encountered. This limited the exploitation and investigation of cases to varying degrees. In response to a need identified in the literature review and the case studies, a tool is designed to facilitate analysis of multi-factorial, non-linear causality. This unique tool and its use to assist in problem conceptualisation, and as an aid to testing alternate strategies, are demonstrated. Further investigation is needed in relation to the veracity of combining causal influences using this tool and system dynamics, broadly. System dynamics modelling was found to have utility needed to support analysis of wicked problems. However, failure in a particular modelling project occurred when it was found necessary to rely on human judgement in estimating values to be input into the models. This was found to be problematic and unacceptably risky for sponsors of the modelling effort. Finally, this work has also identified that further study is required into: the use of human judgement in decision-making and the validity of system dynamics models that rely on the quantification of human judgement.
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Daurat, Véronique. "L'accompagnement et ses institutions : quel souci de l'autre dans le prendre soin ?" Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BOR30067.
Full textAbstract:
Ce travail de recherche est un instant accordé à celles et ceux qui prennent soin des autres chaque jour au cœur d’un Hôpital. Il s’agit d’une pensée, d’un temps dédié à ces soignants et personnels hospitaliers qui gravitent autour de la maladie et de celui qui la vit, afin de se demander qui se préoccupe alors d’eux au quotidien. De quel entre-soi, de quel accompagnement bénéficient-ils ? Mise en mots de leurs propres maux. Mais aussi questionnement sur la place de l’encadrement, du management et donc du cadre de santé et de l’institution dans cette rencontre présupposée entre les différents acteurs. Le thème qu’il s’agit d’approcher est celui de la pertinence, tant intellectuelle que culturelle, d’une étendue de la pensée philosophique du Souci de l’Autre au sujet de l’éthique de l’humain professionnel à l’Hôpital. En quoi la perspective de l’utilisation du processus philosophique de Souci de l’Autre, de « care », offre-t-elle une lignée adaptée et significative dans le monde de l’accompagnement hospitalier d’aujourd’hui ? Manière de venir frotter et limer sa cervelle contre celle d’autrui à l’image des idées de Montaigne, mais aussi d’envisager la transposition du processus de « care » tel que décrit par Joan Tronto dans ses phases successives. Processus au travers duquel nous vérifierons le réalisme avec lequel les quatre phases que sont - Se soucier de ; Prendre en charge ; Prendre soin ; Recevoir le soin - associées aux notions morales et éthiques qui les complémentent - L’attention ; La responsabilité ; La compétence ; La capacité de réponse - sont susceptibles de trouver leur place dans la relation professionnelle d’accompagnementThis research work focuses on the people who take care of others every single day, in a hospital. It’s about thinking of and dedicating time to the nursing and hospital staff who are constantly surrounded by diseases and people who suffer from them, who worries about them on an daily basis. What is their relationship to their selves and what kind of support do they get? I will question the way they may express their own pains, but also the role of the executive staff, the management and thus, of the institution in the presupposed encounter between the various people at stake. How relevant is it, from an intellectual and cultural point of view, to extend the philosophical thought of caring to the topic of the ethics of human staff in a hospital. To what extent does the use of the philosophical process of “care” offer a meaningful and coherent perspective to the sector of support in hospital today? It’s a way to make two minds meet and interact as Montaigne phrased it, and also to consider the transposition of the “care” process as described by Joan Tronto in her successive phases.Through this process, I will question how the four phases – Caring about, Taking care of, Care giving, Care receiving – are connected to the moral and ethical notions that go along with them – Attention, Responsibility, Competence, Response – and how they are likely to find their place in the professional supporting relation