Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Conception constructive'
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Arnoud, Justine. "Conception organisationnelle : pour des interventions capacitantes." Phd thesis, Conservatoire national des arts et metiers - CNAM, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00962450.
Couton, Loïc. "Les enjeux de la question constructive dans le processus de conception architecturale des architectes-constructeurs." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1012/document.
The main goal of this doctoral thesis is to bring a new view on the process of architectural design, through Building cultures, and by evaluating the close links between theory and practice. The purpose is to re-establish the construction within architectural design process, as a conceptualization tool, equally to any other project foundation. Explore conditions of emergence, symbolic, physical or material of the architectural project through the design process, connecting, even unifying, its conceptualization to its embodiment thanks to the technical questions. One of the goal of this work is to propose a pioneering model of architectural conception process, closely linked to building cultures, both in its theoretical means and its applied pedagogy. This modelling describes how the architect- practitioner's mind creates, up to the construction, an architectural project picturing on one side how his mind interacts with building cultures to conceptualize his ideas based on the emergence conditions and on the other side how the construction techniques will structure his methodology by bringing all needed iconic references of the materiality, to finally perform the materialization of the project. Its innovation comes both from the weight of the constructional approach and the dual estimation, theoretical and pragmatic of those topics. Its specificity lies in its cognitive dimension of the thinking of the architect-builders, and how they interact with execution modes
Wang, Zhiping. "Constructive generative design methods for qualified additive manufacturing." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2021. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03670417.
Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies give more and more design freedom to designers and engi-neers to design and define highly complex geometries and material compositions. Due to a layer-by-layer processing, the constraints, methods, tools and processes of design in AM are different from that in traditional manufacturing processes. Traditional design methods and tools cannot meet the needs of design in AM. Therefore, a new re-search field, design for AM (DfAM), has emerged to serve this need. However, existing DfAM methods are either guidelines or pure computation-based, which have limited consideration of coupled constraints along the AM digital processing chain and are difficult to ensure manufactura-bility of design in AM. To obtain qualified design in AM, this research focuses on three typical existing problems in DfAM domain: Firstly, how to ensure manufacturability in (topology optimization) TO process? Secondly, how to design support structures with lightweight, easy-to-remove for post-processing and friendly heat-diffusion properties to ensure shape accuracy and improve surface roughness of printed parts? Finally, how to avoid accuracy loss in print-ing preparation of complex lattice structures and ensure their manufacturability in design?To solve the three identified problems, this research developed a set of new constructive genera-tive design methods: 1. CSG-based generative design method to ensure manufacturability in light-weight topology optimization; 2. Pattern-based constructive generative design method to optimize support structure design and 3. Toolpath-based inversed constructive design to directly ob-tain processing models of corresponding complex lattice or porous structures with qualified print-ing toolpaths. The three proposed methods can well embed AM process constraints, realize para-metric control and save computation cost in design process to obtain a set of candidate design solutions with ensured manufacturability. A set of comparison studies with existing DfAM meth-ods and a couple of experiment case studies in medical applications demonstrated the methods’ advantages. These constructive methods may have large application potential to be adopted as design and decision making tools for other industrial applications when qualified DfAM is required
ALVARES, LUCIANO ROSA ALONSO. "CATENARY DOME OF FIBER SOIL STRUCTURED WITH BAMBOO - CONCEPTION AND CONSTRUCTIVE PROCESS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2008. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=13114@1.
O atual modelo de desenvolvimento das cidades, juntamente com o consumo desenfreado dos recursos não renováveis, mostrou-se inviável do ponto de vista da sustentabilidade, fato este que tem gerado preocupação em diversos setores da sociedade. No cenário mundial, principalmente no setor da construção civil, vem crescendo a demanda pelo uso de novos materiais e técnicas que não sejam agressivos ao meio ambiente. O meio acadêmico, como ambiente de pesquisa é um dos locais para a geração desses novos materiais e técnicas que possam suprir as demandas visando o desenvolvimento sustentável. Nesse contexto, o LILD (Laboratório de Investigação em Living Design) vem estudando nos últimos 20 anos tecnologias limpas de baixo impacto ambiental, atendendo a demandas reais na construção de objetos de design e arquitetura. No momento o LILD trabalha, entre outras atividades, com materiais compósitos de terra crua e fibras naturais. Este trabalho apresenta o resultado do processo de desenvolvimento no LILD de um objeto feito com estes compósitos, denominado CÚPULA CATENÁRIA, com a aplicação da metodologia projetual utilizada no LILD. Os experimentos foram desenvolvidos a partir de modelos processuais que determinaram os parâmetros e apontaram as diretrizes a serem seguidas no projeto, visando sempre a aplicação e construção de um modelo em escala real, que por sua vez incorpora diversos saberes de diferentes áreas de conhecimento.
The current model of cities development, considering the wild consumption of not renewable resources, has shown impracticable due the sustainability point of view. Fact which is really concerned a lot of preoccupation in many sectors of human society. In the world-wide scenery, mainly at civil construction sector, it is growing a big demand for the use of new and alternative materials and techniques that may not harm the world environment. Due this situation, in the academic field that is considered an excellent research environment, it is the right place to new materials and techniques born in order to supply the demands considering the sustainable development. In this context, the LILD (Research Living Design Laboratory) has been studying last 20 years the applications of clean and low environmental impact technologies, answering the demands of building the design and architecture of real objects. This work presents the result of the developing process of an object named CATENARY DOME, applying the project methodology of LILD. The experiments have been developed of processual models that determined the parameters and point directives to be followed in the project, having in mind always the application and construction of an object in real scale, that incorporate many different knowledge areas.
Nguyen, Thanh-Hung. "Vérification Constructive des Systèmes à base de Composants." Phd thesis, Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00485933.
Sarras, Ioannis. "Sur la conception constructive des lois de commande et d’observateurs pour des systèmes mécaniques via passivité, immersion et invariance." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112037.
This work considers the constructive control and observer design of underactuated mechanical systems exploiting the notions of passivity, immersion and invariance. The modelling framework that we adopt for our derivations is that of analytical mechanics with the dynamic equations of Euler-Lagrange and Hamilton. In the first part of this work the controlled Euler-Lagrange equations and the controlled Hamiltonian equations are reviewed and some new conditions, necessary or sufficient, for the partial linearization of the dynamics either by a feedback or a coordinate transformation are presented. A complete characterization of the different classes of mechanical systems that satisfy these conditions follows. In the second part, we consider the stabilization problem using the novel approach of Immersion and Invariance (I&I) that relies on finding a manifold in state-space that can be rendered invariant and attractive, with internal (target) dynamics a copy of the desired closed-loop dynamics, and on designing a control law that steers the state of the system close to this manifold and we provide a constructive approach to obviate the solution of the partial differential equations deriving from the invariance condition. We also solve the stabilization problem of a new crane mechanism called 2D-SpiderCrane by the Interconnection and Damping Assignment Passivity Based Control (IDA-PBC) technique. In the third part, the problem of observer design for a class of mechanical systems is solved constructively using I&I perspective, where now the manifold is described in a parameterized manner and the observer dynamics are suitably chosen to render the manifold invariant
Huron, Samuel. "Constructive Visualization : A token-based paradigm allowing to assemble dynamic visual representation for non-experts." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112253/document.
During the past two decades, information visualisation (InfoVis) research has created new techniques and methods to support data- intensive analyses in science, industry and government. These have enabled a wide range of analyses tasks to be executed, with tasks varying in terms of the type and volume of data involved. However, the majority of this research has focused on static datasets, and the analysis and visualisation tasks tend to be carried out by trained expert users. In more recent years, social changes and technological advances have meant that data have become more and more dynamic, and are consumed by a wider audience. Examples of such dynamic data streams include e-mails, status updates, RSS 1 feeds, versioning systems, social networks and others. These new types of data are used by populations that are not specifically trained in information visualization. Some of these people might consist of casual users, while others might consist of people deeply involved with the data, but in both cases, they would not have received formal training in information visualization. For simplicity, throughout this dissertation, I refer to the people (casual users, novices, data experts) who have not been trained in information visualisation as non-experts.These social and technological changes have given rise to multiple challenges because most existing visualisation models and techniques are intended for experts, and assume static datasets. Few studies have been conducted that explore these challenges. In this dissertation, with my collaborators, I address the question: Can we empower non-experts in their use of visualisation by enabling them to contribute to data stream analysis as well as to create their own visualizations?The first step to answering this question is to determine whether people who are not trained in information visualisation and the data sciences can conduct useful dynamic analysis tasks using a visualisation system that is adapted to support their tasks. In the first part of this dissertation I focus on several scenarios and systems where different sized crowds of InfoVis non-experts users (20 to 300 and 2 000 to 700 000 people) use dynamic information visualisation to analyse dynamic data.Another important issue is the lack of generic design principles for the visual encoding of dynamic visualization. In this dissertation I design, define and explore a design space to represent dynamic data for non-experts. This design space is structured by visual tokens representing data items that provide the constructive material for the assembly over time of different visualizations, from classic represen- tations to new ones. To date, research on visual encoding has been focused on static datasets for specific tasks, leaving generic dynamic approaches unexplored and unexploited.In this thesis, I propose construction as a design paradigm for non-experts to author simple and dynamic visualizations. This paradigm is inspired by well-established developmental psychological theory as well as past and existing practices of visualisation authoring with tangible elements. I describe the simple conceptual components and processes underlying this paradigm, making it easier for the human computer interaction community to study and support this process for a wide range of visualizations. Finally, I use this paradigm and tangible tokens to study if and how non-experts are able to create, discuss and update their own visualizations. This study allows us to refine our previous model and provide a first exploration into how non-experts perform a visual mapping without software. In summary, this thesis contributes to the understanding of dynamic visualisation for non-expert users
Raspaud, Anne. "De la compréhension collective de l'activité réelle à la conception participative de l'organisation : plaidoyer pour une intervention ergonomique capacitante." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2015CNAM0959/document.
This thesis develops and applies the paradigm of constructive ergonomics to organizational design. The development of individuals and organizations is presented through the capability approach, and more specifically through the approach of collective capabilities. These are not the mere juxtaposition or aggregation of individual capabilities but involve the emergence of a new and collective possibility to act and create.In this constructive and developmental perspective, the research is based on a redesign intervention regarding an innovative care process - outpatient surgery. It defines and implements an intervention methodology that considers development as the means and the end of the action. The methodology rests on setting up an enabling environment (at least during the intervention) and an ergonomic approach which supports the development of operators' capabilities through the joint collective activity. This process promotes a collective agency which allows the group to fulfil a common goal of transforming work rules. This shared commitment within the group and the actual opportunities for change have facilitated the design of an organization of collective work.The ergonomic intervention has proceeded in 2 steps: the construction of a diagnosis regarding the situation to be transformed and the management of the organizational change. The first step consisted in analyzing work and its contradictions: is the organization impeding or encouraging the joint collective activity development? Is it a resource for the development of collective capabilities? The diagnosis has highlighted the disruption of professional standards of care staff generated by outpatient surgery and the difficulty of the care staff in building an organization that promotes a transverse team and a collective joint activity. In view of these results, the second step has fostered and supported the active participation of operators in processes of change and design. At first, the ergonomist has implemented a dynamics encouraging the debate about the representations of work. This has led to a shared representation of the current situation, required for the design of a future situation. Then, a participatory methodology of organizational design has been implemented leading to an organization project of ambulatory surgery.Finally, this research questions the role of the ergonomist as a conversion factor in this process of organizational transformation and proposes a model of ergonomic transformation action
Tabet, Aoul El-Hafid. "Étude du fonctionnement hydraulique des digues à paroi perforée." Le Havre, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LEHA0006.
Verjus, Hervé. "Conception et construction de fédérations de progiciels." Phd thesis, Chambéry, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010877.
Disposer d'outils de gestion de la chaîne logistique, de gestion de la relation client ou d'achat en ligne, avoir la capacité de s'interfacer avec d'autres systèmes d'information sont devenus des impératifs. Les PGI (Progiciels de Gestion Intégrée), d'un outil interne, évoluent vers un outil de gestion interentreprises (appelé ECM, pour Enterprise Commerce Management). Les architectures de ces outils devront être adaptées, répondant aux soucis d'ouverture, d'interopérabilité, du respect de normes, de maintenance, d'autonomie et d'exigences fonctionnelles. Aussi, la tendance que l'on trouve avec les approches de l'EAI (Enterprise Application Integration) est à l'intégration d'applications indépendantes, de services, distribués à travers le réseau et permettant, ensemble, de satisfaire les besoins des utilisateurs.
C'est dans ce contexte que se situe notre problématique et en particulier ce que nous appelons des fédérations d'outils. Ces dernières sont un assemblage d'outils hétérogènes, géographiquement répartis, autonomes et dont l'intégration doit couvrir les attentes des utilisateurs.
L'approche que nous proposons aborde plusieurs axes : conceptuel, ou comment construire un système d'information composé d'outils hétérogènes ; opérationnel, définissant le mode de fonctionnement et de contrôle de la fédération ; et technologique, permettant aux différentes applications de participer à une fédération. Aussi, nous verrons en quoi l'architecture que nous proposons permet la construction de fédérations d'outils, leurs mises en oeuvre et leur contrôle à l'exécution.
Hamchaoui, Mohamed. "Conception économique des assemblages en construction métallique." Chambéry, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997CHAMS030.
Perez, Toralla Maria Sol. "Pour une prescription capacitante, ergonomie et débats des règles du travail : le cas d'une entreprise déployant la lean production." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CNAM0935/document.
The goal of ergonomic of adapting work to Man has gradually broadened in scope, notably with the evolution of the concept of health towards integrating the possibility for workers to make full use of their skills. Following this view, the main goal of our research was to better understand the possibilities of joint development of people and organization within a “lean production” industry. Three perspectives of analysis were fallowed. The first perspective related to the underlying model of work in lean production. The second perspective focused on mobilizing work activity as part of continual improvement approaches. The third perspective focused on the forms and goals of the transformation of work, in order to identify the role of ergonomics and evolutions in the practice of ergonomics in order to act in a context of deployment of a lean production system. Our results suggested that ergonomic action focused on identifying the conditions of improved participation is not enough. One must also provide feedback at the strategic level of management, so as to broaden the goals of projects aiming for continual improvement, by including the goals that had not been previously anticipated, and that had been formulated by operators
Szücs, Ágota. "Caractérisation des ambiances des stades modernes du point de vue du confort aérothermique des spectateurs : contribution à l'approche multicritères aérothermique, visuelle et acoustique." La Rochelle, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LAROS154.
This study presents a methodological approach to evaluate the aerothermal comfort of spectators in stadia. Its extension raises some aspects of the spectators' visual and acoustic comfort. First, the conception of a comfort zone integrating the effect of temperature and wind has been developed based on the mechanical nuisance due to the wind and on the thermal effect of different temperature and wind speed combinations. Then, the effect of the morphology on the airflow inside the stadium has been investigated through wind tunnel tests in a boundary layer wind tunnel on a stadium model of variable geometry. The following architectural parameters have been modified: slope, overhang of the roof, façade porosity, stadium layout. Mean wind speed and standard deviation have been measured by hot wire anemometer at spectators' height in the bowl. The tests revealed that a relationship exists between the morphology and the airflow. The results associated with the meteorological data (temperature and wind speed) of a given site facilitate to define the frequency of comfort and discomfort. This methodology should be ideally applied in the design phase of the project. The roof position influences also the visual comfort of the spectators. The last has been analysed by daylight with an opaque roof. The visual comfort requirements are based on the uniform lighting conditions of the pitch; i. E. No accentuated contrast should appear on the pitch due to the shadow of the roof. A method facilitating the definition of the photometric morphology of the roof in order to prolong the visually comfortable period (localisation of the opaque and the transparent roof parts) has been developed
Servant, Clémence. "Conception d'un actionneur prismatique rétractable." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/68774.
Gérard, Lucile. "Contribution to the design of steel I and H-sections members by means of the Overall Interaction Concept." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/68162.
Design of steel profiles is generally ruled by the occurrence of local and global instabilities which havebeen of major interest for many years now to reduce costs within steel applications. Closer estimate of actual ultimate strengths shall allow for some savings in practice since some structures typically designed through conservative rules provided by standards such as the Eurocode shall be lightened. The designguide lines currently suggested in codes to predict local and global strengths of I and H-shapes are broadly known to exhibit some conservatism and researchers have been directing their efforts towards an optimisation of such design. Accordingly, the O.I.C. (Overall Interaction Concept) which was first developed for tubular sections,provides a general approach for steel design with a common and straightforward formulation for all load cases and cross-section’s geometries. O.I.C. design equations are derived based on strengths mostly achieved by means of full non-linear analyses since F.E. simulations can provide accurate predictions of actual ultimate strengths and continuously account for the Resistance – Instability interaction. Through the present thesis, design formulae for I and H-shapes were developed as part of the development of the O.I.C. Subsequently to an extensive numerical study through a F.E. model whose reliability was first established by means of comparisons with tests data, reasonable local geometrical imperfections as well as appropriate residual stresses patterns were chosen so that reliable ultimate strengths could be reached with the F.E.models. Then, parametric studies were carried out on short members subject to simple load cases such assimple axial force, major-axis bending or minor-axis bending and combined loadings. Observations on local strengths tendencies allowed the determination of key parameters so that O.I.C. based design proposals predicting the local strengths of hot-rolled and welded I and H-sections could be established. Numerical investigations then focused on the member strength of I and H-sections prone to suffer fromLateral Torsional Buckling so that an accurate design proposal including local/global coupling effects waseventually derived. Accuracy showed great benefits from these O.I.C. based design proposals compared to Eurocode rules,especially for slender sections. The design for which coherence and accuracy was preferred to simplicity has shown drastic efficiency for simple and combined load cases. Owing to the complex strength tendencies observed for sections subject to combined loadings, no consequent simplification of theproposals could be achieved without losing the benefits in accuracy compared to the Eurocode one. This work shall be considered as a first step towards a more coherent and accurate design for steel I andH-sections since further work may be needed towards a simplification of such proposal
Alkhouli, Marwan. "Vers une approche intégrée de la conception architecturale des tours pour optimiser leur performance énergétique et environnementale." Thesis, Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015VERS008S.
Our thesis aims to demonstrate the limitations of new concepts definitions and new generations of towers that are developed by professionals and researchers. Our approach is to focus on the energy and environmental performance, a notion that has not been addressed enough and we are trying to define. We show the limitations and barriers for the introduction of performance measures in the historical evolution of different generations of towers. We take a position of environmental assessment systems and regulations in different cultural and climatic contexts. We address the performance concept at multiple scales to demonstrate that the balance of the performance equation must be understood in a context of sustainable development. Our analytical and comparative approach seeks to bridge the gap between rhetoric and reality, the original intentions and purposes completed. Finally we show how the linear process of current projects must evolve to foster an integrated design where the issue of performance should be placed in the heart of a new innovative and collaborative approach throughout the life cycle of project development. It is important to note that our research work doesn’t aim to defend or refute the potential for energy efficiency and environmental quality of the architectural object of the tower, nor lead to a unique successful model which could be proposed to designers and professionals in the real estate market. Our critical and analytical approach is to demonstrate how the performance is it round? What is its context and measures? How improve it to better integrate the urban environment of our contemporary cities
Kirov, Boris. "Design, Construction and characterization of Dynamic Genetic Circuits in Bacteria." Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EVRY0004/document.
The task to design and construct parts for the synthetic biology is not simple and needs to meet a number of requirements. The parts utilized for the construction of genetic circuits should be modular, well-Characterized, well-Behaved and robust to changes in the environment. They should be insulated from cross-Talk with the environment and be resilient to mutations. Finally, they should also be properly modeled based on parameters derived from single-Cell level experiments. In my thesis, i researched in detail the general requirements for the engineering of individual parts like promoters, ribosome binding site, transcription factors and of some important type of devices. Furthermore, i established a complete platform for the single-Cell level characterization of engineered genetic devices. All the required hardware and know-How for the fabrication of microfluidics devices capable of sustained bacterial growth was acquired. The whole process from the design of microfluidics devices that aimed functionality to their fabrication and utilization for microbial experiments was successfully developed. An efficient image-Processing tool for distributed computational analysis of the data acquired during the microscopy experiments was also developed. The experimental results proved that the engineered genetic devices were behaving according to theoretical expectations. Furthermore, the established experimental procedures, fabrication process and automated data analysis showed to be well-Adapted to the task of single-Cell characterization of engineered bacteria and efficient
Machnik, Adam. "Contribution à la simplification de modèles dans un environnement intégré pour le calcul de crash des structures mécaniques." INSA de Rouen, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ISAM0018.
Zatar, Abdallah. "Approche multicritère pour l'aide au choix d'une solution de plan masse bâtiment." Artois, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ARTO0007.
François, Florence. "Contribution de la modélisation floue à la conception en génie électrique." Grenoble INPG, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPG0164.
Maghazi, Mohamed. "Creusement des tunnels au Caire par tunnelier à pression de boue : observations et simulation numérique." Lyon, INSA, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ISAL0041.
This research relates to the interaction between the excavation of a tunnel and its incidence on the sail movements, with reference to the Cairo Metro construction. The analyses are based on the whole of the observations effected in situ, as well on the tunnel as on the surface. In addition, these basic observations have been completed by the installation of more complete, instrumented sections at special points of the layout of the tunnel. The analysis of these data made it possible to highlight the influence of various parameters of the tunneling operation (speed, face pressure, pressure of injection, trace) on the quality of settlement control. In reference to the problems observed on the site, the face stability has been examined by numerical calculations. Numerical modeling in 2D and 3D made it possible to determine the incidence of the different parameters such as the level of pressure, the nature of the slurry under pressure, the penetration of bentonite cake, on the ground lasses and stability. Finally these experimental data are used as a reference for the critical analysis of the different numerical approaches in modeling of the interaction between the shield and the ground. We highlighted also the effects of the various parameters of the excavation and piloting of the shield on the movements at surface and in-depth. The confrontation between these observations and the numerical modeling by the 2D finite difference enabled to highlight the limits and the possibilities of different approaches in 2D
Meunier, Virginie. "De l'esquisse à l'optimisation d'un élément de paroi multicritère : proposition d'une méthodologie." Nantes, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NANT2066.
DOULCIER, LAURENT JEAN. "Elaboration de classes quaitatives pour l'aide à la décision en conception architecturale de l'éclairage mixte d'un local." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ENPC9808.
Babin, Vincent. "Conception, analyse et optimisation de méthodes de préhension et de mains mécaniques épicycloïdales pour la prise d'objets plats partiellement contraints." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66289.
Most robotic grippers excel at completing one task but are ill suited for completing many and very different tasks. It is with this fact in mind that this thesis proposes general solutions to the grasping problem. First, general methods are proposed that aim at picking small flat objects that could not otherwise be grasped by simple mechanical grippers. Planetary mechanisms are then proposed to increase the range of motion of the finger joints, hence providing a way to achieve the necessary properties to build and test a finger capable of grasping small flat objects lying on hard surfaces. A complete gripper design is then proposed and built. The novel design that includes the features of the previous design is also capable of performing parallel grasps which are considered essential to be able to grasp a wide range of unknown objects. Finally, the gripper design is optimised and sensing apparatus is included in the gripper to provide a gripper that is considered a complete solution to grasping and is simple to use on a wide range of robots.
Weil, Benoît. "Conception collective, coordination et savoirs : les rationalisations de la conception automobile." Paris, ENMP, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ENMP0965.
Sallé-Hoyet, Nadia Bignon Jean-Claude. "Conception de la matérialisation en architecture l'expérimentation comme facteur d'innovation industrielle /." S. l. : INPL, 2007. http://www.scd.inpl-nancy.fr/theses/2007_SALLE_HOYET_N.pdf.
Plusquellec, Titouan. "Cadre de déploiement de la méthode de Conception-Construction." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28227.
The construction industry represents a major sector for the Quebec Province, subject to constant technological advances as well as social and environmental pressure. It is in line with this dynamic that many companies are currently looking for answers to the performance problems of the traditional delivery system, highlighted by the drop in activity of recent years. In this context, this research focuses on the development of a framework for the Design-Build delivery system. This system aims at integrating both design and construction competences in a single entity responsible for the entire completion of the project. In particular, the project introduces a decision support tool that may help the user to determine if a project is adapted to the use of the Design-Build delivery system, taking into account the project characteristics as well the companies involved. To develop such a tool, the Design-Build delivery system was first compared to the traditional Design-Bid-Build system in terms of cost performance, schedule and quality, to determine its positive and negative aspects. The impact of the method on the different stakeholders of the project was then considered in order to identify the requirements of such an organization on the actors of the project. A series of interviews allowed to validate the previous results while providing further details on the particularities of the Quebec situation, which led to the development of the framework for the application of the method. This framework has finally been translated into a decision support tool to facilitate its use.
Jassionnesse, Christophe. "Contrôle de la déformation du massif renforce par boulonnage au front de taille d'un tunnel : étude d'un cas réel en site urbain : exploitation des mesures et modélisation par une méthode d'homogénéisation." Lyon, INSA, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ISAL0057.
In the framework of a real case study, the report tackles the design of underground works in urban areas from the two complementary points of view which are the induced ground movement’s limitations and the technical arrangements for the supporting process in difficult ground conditions. In the first part, an analysis of the phenomenon known as « induced movements » is introduced by a critical review of existing field measurement techniques. Then, the development steps of a borehole system for strains measurement in the ground mass ahead the tunnel face are presented. Afterwards, the principles of the « stationary analysis » of displacements in the face vicinity are formulated, taking in account measurement on the mass borders, i. E. The upper surface and the tunnel walls. These principles are applied to a large volume of collected data what conducts us to a final statement of ground loss sources and ground movements. In the second part, we study a particular technical arrangement, known as« tunnel face bolting ». This technique is defined in a more general framework as a « pre-confinment » tunneling method and as a « ground reinforcement » supporting technique. Next, in order to propose a mechanical modeling, a homogenization theory is presented by a review of its principles, basic assumptions and recent advances. Afterwards, we show how a simple formulation of interactions between ground matrix and reinforcement by a « load transfer limit criterium» leads us to a realistic improvement of the previous homogenized approaches. Based on these hypotheses, a model is intended to the tunnel face bolting through an equivalent problem, mostly simplified by geometric assumptions. Finally, a basic parametric study shows some aspects of the reinforcement work and its practical limitations
Pratoto, Adjar. "Établissement d'abaques de dimensionnement de séchoirs à chauffage partiellement solaire pour le caoutchouc naturel." Besançon, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BESA2011.
Girard, Pierre Rechenmann François. "Construction hypothétique d'objets complexes." S.l. : Université Grenoble 1, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00345880.
Benkari, Naïma. "L'architecture des mosquées ibadites au M'Zab, à Djerba et en Oman : lecture des principes de conception et de construction." Grenoble 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004GRE29054.
Our Research is about the built Heritage realised by the Ibadites in the M'Zab, Djerba and Oman. More precisely, our interrogations concern the relations that may exist between the typical aspect of the mosques in these three regions and the Ibadi Jurisprudence dealing with architecture "`Imâra" and urban planning "`Umrân". We investigated the architecture as well as the Fiqh works of the Ibadi community. We proceeded to the description of a representative number of mosques in the three regions in question. A historical approach of Ibadism and an exploratory research in the field of Ibadi religious laws, related to the construction and the management of mosques, had been undertaken in order to build up the necessary corpus to our analysis. At last, this research made possible a first "image" of what could be the architecture of an "Ibadi mosque", without ignoring the differences and the overtaking which characterize each region
Sfalcin, Alain. "Contribution d'une approche sémiotique à la réutilisation des composants de commande des machines et systèmes automatisés de production." Nancy 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NAN10128.
Dicko, Ali Hamadi. "Construction of musculoskeletal systems for anatomical simulation." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENM084/document.
The use of virtual humans has spread in various activities in recent years.Beyond virtual surgery, virtual bodies are increasingly used to design medical devices, vehicles, and daily life hardware more generally.They also turn out to be extraordinary supports to learn anatomy.Recent movies (Avatar, Lord of the Rings, etc) demonstrated that anatomy and biomechanics can be used to design high-quality characters.However, reproducing the behavior of anatomical structures remains a complex task, and a great amount and variety of knowledge is necessary for setting up high quality simulations.This makes the modeling of human body for simulation purposes an open problem, a tedious task, but also a fascinating research subject.Through this PhD, we address the problem of the construction of biomechanical models of the musculoskeletal systems for several domains : animation, biomechanics and teaching.Our goal is to simplify the entire process of model design by making it more intuitive and faster.Our approach is to address each difficulty : the representation and use of anatomical knowledge, the geometrical modeling and the efficient simulation of the musculoskeletal system thanks to three novel contributions introduced during these research works.Our first contribution focuses on the biomechanical construction of a hybrid model of lumbar spine.In this work, we show that hybrid approaches that combine both rigid body systems and finite element models allow interactive simulations, accurate, while respecting the principles of anatomy and mechanics.Our second contribution addresses the problem of the complexity of anatomical, physiological and functional knowledge.Based on a novel ontology of anatomical functions of the human body, we introduce a novel pipeline to automatically build models that simulate physiological functions of our bodies.The ontology allows us to extract detailed knowledge using simple queries.The outputs of these queries are used to set up simulation models of the functional aspects as they were formalized and described by anatomists.Finally our third contribution, the anatomy transfer, allows the mapping of available geometrical and mechanical models to the morphology of any specific individual.This novel registration method enables the automatic construction of the internal anatomy of any character defined by his skin, by transferring organs from a reference character.It allows to overcome the need to re-construct these geometries for each new simulation, and it contributes to accelerate the simulations setup for a range of people with different morph
Dusseau, Laurent. "Etude des potentialités des phénomènes de luminescence par stimulation optique (OSL) dans les sulfures alcalino-terreux : application à la réalisation d'un lecteur portable de dosimètres OSL." Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20182.
Noblet, Julien. "Collégiales castrales et Saintes-Chapelles à vocation funéraire dans le royaume de France (1450-1560)." Paris 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA040404.
Taibi, Ali. "Contribution à la conception et à l'étude d'un moteur sans balais et sans capteur de position." Besançon, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BESA2007.
Benqassmi, Hassan. "Conception de convertisseurs alternatif-continu mono-étage à absorption sinusoïdale." Grenoble INPG, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPG0058.
Recently, power factor correction has been introduced into power converters to replace the passive filters at the front-end of converters and to respect new standards corne into opération. Single-stage power factor correction has been succeeded to the classicaJ two-stage power factor correction which présents a high volume and cost. This thesis essentially consists of two types of applications. Low power isolated single-stage AC/DC conversion from 230 V rms. AC voltage to 54 V DC. The power is fixed at 300 W. Due to their cost and volume, asymmetrical structures Flyback and Sepic are more adapted. From this study, it émerges also that series-resonant converter operating in discontinuous conduction mode could be respond to desired spécifications if components stresses are acceptable. The second part deals with the isolated single-stage AC/DC conversion for médium power (3 kW) applications with 150 V as output voltage. For this kind of applications, only current-driven and voltage-driven résonant converters are susceptible to respond to the spécifications. An approach to design current-driven résonant converter is presented. Also, several résonant circuits are examined to discuss power factor correction capabilities of voltage-driven résonant converters. By evaluating advantages and disadvantages of thèse converters, two of them are chosen, and realised prototypes présent a high power factor and respect the European standards EN 61000-3-2
Corbetta, François. "Nouvelles méthodes d'étude des tunnels profonds : calculs analytiques et numériques." Paris, ENMP, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ENMP0227.
Tric, Olivier. "Conception et projet en architecture : articulation des composantes enveloppe, structure, usage et coût dans la conception et au sein du système d'acteurs /." Paris ; Montréal (Québec) : l'Harmattan, 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37073748f.
KHADR, AMR. "L'industrialisation de la construction : de la conception a la fabrication." Paris 6, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA066790.
Dang, Phuc Hung. "Développement d’aimant bas champ pour RMN Portable : Conception et construction." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAL0007/document.
This thesis focuses on the development of a magnet system for NMR applications with high homogeneity while maintaining the static magnetic field B0 as high as possible (100 ppm, 0.12T). Due to the application goals, the magnet dimensions are predefined as well as those of the region of interest according to the size of the used permanent magnets. Such system is dedicated to biomedical and agroalimentary applications. The goal of this research has been firstly, the discussion of parameters of magnetic materials which are essential to the construction of portable NMR magnets, and then the choice of the permanent magnet material the “NdFeB” that was explained. A compromise between the portability, price and the sensitivity has led to the design of a prototype of portable NMR magnet with a simple system of arrangement of 24 permanent magnets. The magnetic field and the homogeneity of the system were calculated and simulated by using ANSYS software and these results were correlated to those obtained by the Radia software. A new shim method has been used to increase the homogeneity and correct the field B0 imperfection. Based on these results, a prototype was realized. The results of the magnetic field strength and homogeneity obtained by measurements are in good correlation with the results obtained by simulation. Sufficient accuracy was reached to take into account and correct errors due to manufacturing tolerances of the magnets. Another magnet system based on Mandhalas configuration (Magnet Arrangement for Novel Discrete Halbach Layout) was studied. The comparison between two configurations made from circle and square magnets was performed by 2D simulation (using three criteria: mass, homogeneity and the magnetic field strength). The Mandhalas made from circle magnets give better results (0.32 T, 178 ppm). The 3D simulation was carried out to evaluate the total system. From these results, a passive shim system was also used in this case and the homogeneity significantly increases
Reddick, J. Christopher. "Conception, construction et analyse d'un système de réfrigération à éjecteur." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2012. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1611.
Azzi, Victor, and Victor Azzi. ""Sensor-in-fibre" optical probes for molecular sensing in the gastrointestinal tract of murine models." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37631.
L’obésité et les maladies cardiométaboliques sont des problèmes de santé publique dans les populations nordiques du Canada ainsi qu’à travers le monde. Il est actuellement proposé que l’augmentation de ces désordres est en partie causée par divers facteurs environnementaux qui génèrent des changements importants du microbiote intestinal. Cette communauté microbienne qui peuple notre tractus gastrointestinal joue un rôle clé dans le métabolisme de nutriments, mais peut aussi avoir des effets néfastes lorsque son équilibre avec l’hôte est perturbé. Cette compréhension a mis en évidence le manque d’outils prédictifs permettant un diagnostic rapide et efficace dans le domaine biomédical. L’analyse actuelle du microbiote est réalisée à posteriori au niveau des selles, ce qui requiert du personnel hautement qualifié de même que des procédures longues et dispendieuses. L’objectif de ce projet est de concevoir un capteur optique qui, une fois implanté dans l’intestin, permettra de détecter en temps réel des biomarqueurs clés produit par le microbiome intestinal. Dans le cadre d’une preuve de concept, une architecture fibrée simple permettant de mesurer quantitativement des variations de pH est démontrée. Contrairement aux capteurs fibrés traditionnels, la sonde optique de ce projet exploite l’onde évanescente générée sur la périphérie de l’interface pour exciter des nanomatériaux greffés dont les propriétés de fluorescence varient selon leur environnement chimique. Les mesures sont possibles grâce à un système optique mobile contrôlé par un logiciel convivial qui permet à un utilisateur nonexpert d’utiliser l’appareil. Les résultats confirment qu’avec un étalonnage préalable il est possible avec cette sonde modèle de prendre des mesures quantitatives du pH en temps réel in vitro. Les expériences préliminaires suggèrent que la sonde permet aussi de mesurer le pH en temps réel dans l’intestin in vivo.
Obesity and cardiometabolic diseases (CMD) are major public health issues among Canada’s northern population and throughout the world. It is believed that the exponential rise in CMD incidence is due to numerous environmental factors, which are driving important changes in the gut microbiome. This microbial community which populates our intestinal tract plays a key role in nutrient and energy metabolism, but can also drive pathogenic mechanisms when its interaction with the host is disrupted. This understanding has highlighted the lack of predictive tools and biomarkers for rapid and efficient diagnostic of various diseases within the medical field. Current analysis of the gut microbiota is mostly based on sequencing technologies to determine microbial composition and gene expression, while functional analyses are limited to surrogate markers of microbial activities through stool metabolites. The goal of this study is to develop a “Sensor-in-Fibre” probe with the capacity to detect key microbiome-derived molecules relevant to CMD pathogenesis in real time in vivo. The optical probe takes advantage of evanescent fields generated on its peripheral interface to excite species-selective surface-grafted sensing nanomaterials that have varying fluorescent properties based on the target molecules present in the surrounding environment. As a model system, FITC functionalized with (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane was grafted on the periphery of an optical fiber, leading to qualitative pH measurements revealed through fluorescence emission qualities. These measurements are possible due to the use of a mobile signal collection apparatus in conjunction with custom software made to enable a non-expert technician to use it. The experimental results demonstrate that, with the appropriate preparation, it is possible to quantitatively measure pH with this probe structure in vitro and preliminary studies suggest that the probe is also capable of measuring pH in vivo in real time.
Obesity and cardiometabolic diseases (CMD) are major public health issues among Canada’s northern population and throughout the world. It is believed that the exponential rise in CMD incidence is due to numerous environmental factors, which are driving important changes in the gut microbiome. This microbial community which populates our intestinal tract plays a key role in nutrient and energy metabolism, but can also drive pathogenic mechanisms when its interaction with the host is disrupted. This understanding has highlighted the lack of predictive tools and biomarkers for rapid and efficient diagnostic of various diseases within the medical field. Current analysis of the gut microbiota is mostly based on sequencing technologies to determine microbial composition and gene expression, while functional analyses are limited to surrogate markers of microbial activities through stool metabolites. The goal of this study is to develop a “Sensor-in-Fibre” probe with the capacity to detect key microbiome-derived molecules relevant to CMD pathogenesis in real time in vivo. The optical probe takes advantage of evanescent fields generated on its peripheral interface to excite species-selective surface-grafted sensing nanomaterials that have varying fluorescent properties based on the target molecules present in the surrounding environment. As a model system, FITC functionalized with (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane was grafted on the periphery of an optical fiber, leading to qualitative pH measurements revealed through fluorescence emission qualities. These measurements are possible due to the use of a mobile signal collection apparatus in conjunction with custom software made to enable a non-expert technician to use it. The experimental results demonstrate that, with the appropriate preparation, it is possible to quantitatively measure pH with this probe structure in vitro and preliminary studies suggest that the probe is also capable of measuring pH in vivo in real time.
Résumé en espagnol
Résumé en espagnol
Daidié, Alain. "Réalisation d'un logiciel de conception automatique appliqué à la détermination des engrenages cylindriques : interfaçage avec un logiciel industriel de C.A.O." Toulouse, INSA, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ISAT0001.
Goualou, Christian. "Elaboration d'un outil de préconception du système de retenue d'une automobile en choc frontal." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ECAP0447.
Chaabane, Mohammed. "Apports du paramétrage dans un contexte d’intégration de C. F. A. O. - : application a la T.G.A.O. et aux gammes automatiques d'usinage." Lyon, INSA, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ISAL0110.
The computer tool was initially viewed as a mean for the automated execution of repetitive tasks. The development of modelling and simulation applications have created new needs tending to the integration of several « functional form features » associated to the parametrization, offers a new approach of the integration around a common database witch permit coherent, shared and evolutive data contribute to simultaneous engineering. The presented work deals with this type of modelling and the contribution of parametrization to the different stages of the computer aided process planning. The last part focus on the computer aided techniques to domains such as group technology coding and process planning
Fassenet, Marylin. "Modélisation et conception optimale de moteurs à courant continu à aimants permanents : développement d'un outil et validations expérimentales." Besançon, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BESA2045.
This work deals with the study of low power electric motors manufactured in mass production by the car industry with particulary strong technical and economical constraints. The application concerns more precisely dc commutator motors with permanent magnet driving a fan in an engine cooling system. Faced with the multiplication of electrical system per car, the manufacturers objective is to decrease each motor bulk and as far as possible to rise their efficiency. The aim of this thesis lies in the development of a software for optimisation and design assistance. A first phase concerns the development of an analytical model which allows, from a motor geometry and the characterisation of its materials, to predict magnetic and electromechanical performances for a running point or on an operating range. The principal originality of the modelling is to take into account the phenomena related to commutation and more particulary the fact taht some coils are short-circuited by brushes during the armature rotation. The results obtained by the analytical model are confirmed by numerical simulations and validated by experimental results on an automated bench developed in the laboratory. The results are in very good agreement and thus allow, in a second phase, the implementation of the analytical model in an optimising procedure PASCOSMA (optimisation software developed at the laboratory of electrical engineering of Grenoble) to generate a design application. The performances expected for a running point as well as the constraints on various parameters are introduced by a convivial user interface. Automatic design of the motor is realised by respecting all the constraints and by minimising the objective function. The optimisation procedure, applied to a given motor, allowed an increase of 3. 5 points of its efficiency with a reduction of 45% of its axial bulk, in accordance with the design specifications. This work is finalised by the product of an assistance software for motor design which allows to impose constraints and to obtain the best adapted motor geometry for the imposed criteria
Le, Corre Yann. "Conception et commande d'un robot omnidirectionnel." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20195.
Bessard, Judicaël. "Construction d'un microscope à force photonique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21142.
Petit, Laurent. "Etude de la qualité des données pour la représentation des réseaux techniques urbains : applications au réseau d'assainissement." Artois, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ARTO0203.