Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Conception de médicaments in silico'
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Jacq, Nicolas. "Recherche de médicaments in silico sur grilles de calcul contre des maladies négligées et émergentes." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CLF21715.
Full textMontes, Matthieu. "Développement et applications de méthodes de drug-design et de criblage in silico." Paris 5, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA05P611.
Full textVirtual ligand screening methods based on the structure of the receptor are extensively used to facilitate the discovery of lead compounds. Using different docking/scoring packages, we optimized a hierarchical virtual ligand screening protocol developed in our lab. This new protocol has been validated on different targets with different binding site properties. This multi-step hierarchical protocol has been applied to two targets of therapeutic importance, namely, the dual specificity phosphatase CDC25 and the 20S proteasome. Using ADME-tox filtered compound collections processed in our lab, we identified several new active molecules on these two difficult targets. These promising micromolar inhibitors displaying novel and growable scaffolds can lead to new potential drugs for cancer treatment
Schalon, Claire. "Comparaison in silico de sites de liaison de protéines." Strasbourg 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008STR13091.
Full textAfter the selection of different sets of proteins with a pharmacological interest (sc-PDB databank) and the identification of their binding sites, these sets have been used to validate and to do screenings with a structural alignment program, SiteAlign. SiteAlign use a discretized sphere and normalized scores to compare two binding sites. A scoring protocol, then the possible applications of the program have been determined. SiteAlign can be used for functional annotations of genomic proteins, for predictions of cross reactivity and predictions of ligands targets (experimental validation of this calculation). SiteAlign has then been used, in the chemogenomic part of the project, for studying in 3D the G-coupled protein receptors and for suggesting new ligands for orphan receptors. Last, SiteAlign has been used to compare the structural space of sc-PDB sites
Checa, Ruano Luis. "Structure-based design of antiviral drugs against respiratory viruses using in silico approaches." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2024SORUS0743.pdf.
Full textProtein-Protein interactions (PPI) play crucial roles in many biological pathways and are being increasingly explored as potential therapeutic targets, including for treating infectious diseases. However, designing small molecule modulators for PPI remains challenging as PPI interfaces have not evolved to bind small molecules like conventional drug targets such as enzymes or membrane receptors. Therefore, proof of their druggability must be made on a case-by-case basis. In this context, computational approaches can be useful in assisting the design of PPI modulators.This work aims to develop new in silico drug design protocols specifically tailored to PPI targets, with the goal of designing new antiviral drugs against two PPI targets: the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and the SARS-CoV-2
Fourches, Denis. "Modèles multiples en QSAR/QSPR : Développement de nouvelles approches et leurs applications au design "in silico" de nouveaux extractants de métaux, aux propriétés ADMETox ainsi qu'à différentes activités biologiques de molécules organiques." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007STR13119.
Full textThis thesis work concerns the improvement of prediction performances of QSAR structureproperty models, using consensus modelling strategies based on fragment descriptors, and also, to their applications for « in silico » design of metal binders, ADMETox properties and different biological activities of organic compounds. In the first part, some important concepts and methodologies of chemoinformatics are described. In the second part, the ensemble of programs ISIDA (In Silico Design and Data Analysis) is introduced. During this thesis work, two consensus approaches have been suggested: the « Divide and Conquer » strategy and the Stepwise k- Nearest Neighbors approach. Applications of new strategies lead to significant improvement of predictions accuracy, compared to the conventional models. In the third part, all ISIDA methods have been successfully applied to model various chemical and biological properties. Experimentally proven predictions demonstrate the robustness of the methods
Villemagne, Baptiste. "Conception, synthèse et dévelopement d'inhibiteurs du répresseur transcriptionnel mycobactérien ETHR selon une approche par fragments. Une nouvelle approche dans la lutte contre la tuberculose." Thesis, Lille 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL2S052/document.
Full textTuberculosis (TB) remains the leading cause of death due to a single infective agent with more than 1.5 million people killed each year. In 2011, the world health organization (WHO) estimated that one third of the world’s population is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the pathogen responsible for the disease. This phenomenon may be due to an explosive escalation of TB incidence that occurred in the 1980s due to the emergence of both resistant strains and HIV epidemic.In 2000, EthR, a mycobacterial transcriptional repressor, was identified as a key modulator of ethionamide (ETH) bioactivation. ETH is one of the main second-line drugs used to treat drug resistant strains. In 2009, it was shown that co-administration of ETH and drug-like inhibitors of EthR was able to boost ETH activity threefold in a mouse-model of TB-infection, thus validating the target for a new therapeutic strategy.This work deals with the discovery and optimisation of new EthR inhibitors, based on a small molecule, called a “fragment”, co-crystallized with the protein. We combined in silico screening, in vitro evaluation of the hit compounds, study of co-crystal structures and medicinal chemistry to develop three complementary approaches called “fragment growing”, “fragment merging” and “fragment linking” that led to the discovery of very potent inhibitors. Based on these results, we are currently selecting a potential candidate for new in vivo experiments
Vallet, Thibault. "Conception d'un outil d'évaluation de l'acceptabilité des médicaments." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ENAM0048/document.
Full textMedicine development must satisfy efficiency and safety objectives. Patient compliance with physician’s prescription is an essential condition to achieve these objectives. Patient acceptability of a medicine improves patient compliance and thus ensures drug success, in particular in paediatric and geriatric populations. Acceptability could be defined as the overall ability and willingness of the patient to use, and its care giver to administer, the medicine as intended. Acceptability is driven by the users’ and the products’ characteristics. Thus, designers have to consider the specific features of the targeted users to develop a medicine with the most adapted characteristics to reach the best acceptability. Evaluation of the acceptability should be an integral part of pharmaceutical and clinical development. Today, knowledge on this complex phenomenon is still fragmented and there are no internationally agreed methods available to assess this multidimensional concept. This document sets out the development of a validated tool, the acceptability reference framework, providing standardized medicines acceptability evaluation and relevant knowledge usable by designers from the early stage of medicine development. As this research was carried out in a medical field, we propose a formalized methodology transferable to other domains
Vallet, Thibault. "Conception d'un outil d'évaluation de l'acceptabilité des médicaments." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENSAM, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ENAM0048.
Full textMedicine development must satisfy efficiency and safety objectives. Patient compliance with physician’s prescription is an essential condition to achieve these objectives. Patient acceptability of a medicine improves patient compliance and thus ensures drug success, in particular in paediatric and geriatric populations. Acceptability could be defined as the overall ability and willingness of the patient to use, and its care giver to administer, the medicine as intended. Acceptability is driven by the users’ and the products’ characteristics. Thus, designers have to consider the specific features of the targeted users to develop a medicine with the most adapted characteristics to reach the best acceptability. Evaluation of the acceptability should be an integral part of pharmaceutical and clinical development. Today, knowledge on this complex phenomenon is still fragmented and there are no internationally agreed methods available to assess this multidimensional concept. This document sets out the development of a validated tool, the acceptability reference framework, providing standardized medicines acceptability evaluation and relevant knowledge usable by designers from the early stage of medicine development. As this research was carried out in a medical field, we propose a formalized methodology transferable to other domains
Baccouche, Rym. "Conception de ligands protéiques artificiels par ingénierie moléculaire in silico." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00807525.
Full textAsses, Yasmine. "Conception par modélisation et criblage in silico d'inhibiteurs du récepteur c-Met." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00653609.
Full textJacq, N. "Recherche de médicaments in silico sur grilles de calcul contre des maladies négligées et émergentes." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00184482.
Full textGardès, Julien. "Étude et conception in silico d'amorces PCR pour l'identification des principaux pathogènes bactériens." Nice, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NICE4061.
Full textThe detection of pathogens is a priority for medical research. Since 2000, the discipline underwent a technological transition: molecular methods (e. G. PCR), faster and more accurate, are gradually replacing the traditional methods of cell culture and biochemical tests. However, the sensitivity and the specificity of PCR are dependent on the good design of primers. It is generally accepted that these primers are good if the annealing temperature exceeds 55 °C, they are specific to the target gene and species, and they hybridize to all known alleles of the gene. During my PhD, we performed a semi-automatic procedure to collect every sequence of a gene for a species, information from different public databases, literature and every published primer. Then the efficiency of each primer was estimated by checking their specificity, their sensitivity and their thermodynamic characteristics. This pipeline was applied to every annotated gene of several organisms of biodefense interest. The results were organized in the form of a website: www. Pathogenes. Org, to provide a turnkey system for biologists wishing to develop molecular tests for these species. In addition, our work showed for the virulence genes of Vibrio cholerae that only one third of published primers are "good" according to the criteria mentioned above, and the date of publication and citation counts of a primer are not factors permitting to estimate their quality
Abdul-Nour, Faraj. "Étude et conception des pompes implantables mécaniques pour l'administration de médicaments." Compiègne, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988COMPD149.
Full textFrançois, Paul Raymond Albert. "Réseaux génétiques : conception, modélisation et dynamique." Paris 7, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010681.
Full textBruel, Amélie. "Conception, synthèse et analyse de molécules hétérocycliques, inhibitrices de kinases." Nantes, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NANT24VS.
Full textProtein kinases are involved in many cellular processes such as cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, neuronal functions and differentiation. Aberrant activity of these kinases has been implicated in many diseases such as cancer, diabetes or neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer’s disease or Parkinson’s disease for example). Search of new heterocyclic molecule as kinase’s inhibitors is one of the most intensive area of study. During the past few years, the 5H-pyridazo[4,5-b]indole scaffold, an aza-analogue of β-carboline, has found considerable pharmaceutical interest notably due to their cardiovascular activities and their use in treatment of disorder related to the dysfunction of peripheral benzodiazepine receptors over-expressed in a variety of tumors and neuropathologies. We have develop new 5H-pyridazino[4,5-b]indole derivatives in order to investigate their activities on several kinases such as cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK5), glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3), DYRK1A or PI3K and on tumor cell line
Bouffard, Marc. "Conception, modélisation et simulation in silico d'un nanosystème biologique artificiel pour le diagnostic médical." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS302/document.
Full textThe medical diagnosis is traditionally done by examining the clinical symptoms and by searching in samples (blood, urine, biopsies, etc.) for the simultaneous presence (or absence) of biomarkers of the various pathologies considered by the doctor. The search for biomarkers is conducted using large equipments in a specialised laboratory; The results being communicated to the doctor, who will then interpret them by applying a medical diagnostic algorithm.We wanted to combine in a single device, for a given disease, the detection of its biomarkers and an implementation of the appropriate diagnostic algorithm. The presence or absence of a biomarker can be represented by a boolean variable, and the diagnostic algorithm by a complex boolean function whose value indicates the presence of the targeted disease. Our diagnostic device is an artificial biochemical nano-computer in which logical information is represented by metabolites and the computations performed by a synthetic enzymatic network. To build this computer, it has been necessary to establish a theoretical basis of enzymatic logical networks. We then used this theory to define what an enzymatic logic network is, and how it computes correctly the associated boolean function. For modularity and reusability reasons, we decided to design libraries of enzymatic logic gates that implement basic boolean operators, and then to assemble these building blocks to get the complete logic enzymatic network. So, I have designed and developed two software tools, NetGate and NetBuild, which will automatically perform these operations.NetGate creates libraries containing hundreds of enzymatic logic gates obtained from the metabolic networks of living organisms. Before that, it was necessary to manually analyse these metabolic networks in order to extract each logic gate.NetBuild uses a library of logic gates (for example created using NetGate) and assembles them to build circuits that compute a given boolean function. These circuits use specific metabolites for its inputs (for example the biomarkers of a pathology) and produce a readily detectable molecular species (using colorimetry for example)
François, Paul. "Réseaux génétiques : conception, modélisation et dynamique." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010681.
Full textFogha, Ngwemeta Jade. "Les interactions protéines-protéines comme sources de conception de nouveaux médicaments anti-cancéreux." Caen, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CAEN4063.
Full textProtein-Protein Interactions (PPIs) are important in several biological mechanisms and diseases. The BCL-2 family’s proteins, clearly illustrates this notion by maintaining a balance between cell death (apoptosis) and cell survival. For instance, MCL-1 protein induces cell survival by interacting with others BCL-2 family’s proteins. In many cancers, an imbalance between BCL-2 family’s members is produceddue to the overexpression of MCL-1 in order to assure proliferation of cancer cells and then cause resistance to chemotherapy treatment. For this type of cancer, inhibiting MCL-1 and in particular inhibiting PPI, appears to be a suitable therapeutic solution. Since there are no potential inhibitors for MCL-1 currently, many studies are moving towards the design of new classes of small molecules able to target and inhibit MCL-1 such as our study which used in silico approaches to achieve this goal. Firstly, molecular dynamic simulations on complexes between MCL-1 and its biological partnerships bring out residues involved in the binding and also in the binding specificity. Next, conformational analysis has allowed us to design molecules with pyridine and/or phenyl chemical structural units. These compounds are able to adopt similar geometry to α helix one, found in the interface of studied complexes. Otherwise, docking studies and molecular dynamic simulations have predicted that those molecules bind to the binding site of MCL-1. Finally, among those compounds, hit compounds show interesting inhibiting activities on cancer cells
Gicquel, Sophie. "Neuropeptide FF et modulation opioi͏̈de. Conception de sondes pharmacologiques." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30231.
Full textGasnereau, Anne. "Conception, synthèse et évaluation pharmacologique d'analogues tétrahydroisoquinoléiniques et isoquinoléiniques de la mélatonine." Lille 1, 2005. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2005/50376-2005-Gasnereau.pdf.
Full textL'Hermite, Nathalie. "Conception et synthèse de dendrimères poly(arylpropargyléther) (pape) comme vecteurs potentiels de principes actifs." Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA114807.
Full textDrug-delivery system are attractive as a means of effectively controlling drug transport and for targeting specific cells. These systems aim to enhance treatment efficacy and to avoid side effects. Dendrimers are mono-dispersed macromolecules (of a single molecular weight), prepared by coupling a core to several branches (or dendrons) in the convergent growth approach. They also have numerous surface fonctionnalities as well as internal cavities. These features make them attractive for drug-delivery applications. We explored a convergent strategy to new poly(arylpropargylether) (PAPE) dendrimers. The arylpropargylether unit is introduced by a three-step sequence : addition of a Grignard reagent to an aldehyde, Williamson reaction with propargyl bromide and Sonogashira cross-coupling with functionalised aromatic halides. The anchorings of the dendrons to cores are of two kinds: benzylic ether and ester. Different polyamino or polyol groups have been introduced at the surface of the dendrimer in the aim of improve their water solubility. Further investigations of these dendrimers toward their biocompatibility and cell cytotoxicity are in progress
Bourgeois, Sandrine. "Conception d'un médicament prototype visant à hydroliser le résidus d'antibiotiques au niveau du colon." Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA114823.
Full textIt is now recognized that the increased resistance of bacterial pathogens is in most instances related to an increased resistance in commensal intestinal flora followed by horizontal transfer of resistance to pathogenic species. Particles for the colon delivery of b-lactamases (BL) have been designed for degradation of residual antibiotics and to minimise resistance to b-lactams. This was obtained with pectin beads cross-linked with polyethylenimine (PEI). Protein stability in beads was mainly influenced by the amount of residual water within the particles which increases with the increase of free calcium chloride in beads. Indeed, the elimination of free calcium chloride by washing the particles with distilled water led to a decrease of the moisture content in beads and reduced the exposure of encapsulated proteins to hydrolysis. Moreover, the presence of PEI in beads considerably improved their stability and the stability of encapsulated BL in simulated gastrointestinal media. In vitro studies in simulated digestive fluids showed that BL were specifically released from pectin beads in the colonic medium by the action of pectinolytic enzymes. Finally, high amounts of enzymes were found in the feces after oral administration of the beads to mice. Multiparticulate systems for site-specific colonic delivery of BL were designed in order to fight the spreading of resistant bacterial strains in the environment due to the intensive antibiotic use
Egros, Fabrice. "Conception et évaluation d'un système thérapeutique : approches pharmacocinétiques et biopharmaceutiques appliquées à un antihypertenseur : l'oxodipine." Paris 11, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA114809.
Full textCouillaud, Benoît. "Naissance d'une molécule : de sa conception à la découverte de ses propriétés." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR2PE73.
Full textFarah, Nabil. "Émulsions adsorbées sèches : conception, structure physicochimique et effet sur la libération d'un principe actif hydrosoluble." Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO1W271.
Full textGuillon, Rémi. "Conception, synthèse et évaluation pharmacologique de nouveaux azolés à activité antifongique." Nantes, 2010. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=ab888df6-e7d8-486f-8cfe-7066e0125776.
Full textInvasive fungal infections are an increasing threat to human health. These infections predominantly occur in the context of increasingly aggressive immunosuppressive therapies. The overall mortality for invasive diseases caused by Candida spp. And Aspergillus spp. Is about 30-50, despite the advent of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. The search on new antifungal agents is mainly focused on the improvement of the antifungal spectrum, counteraction of resistance, reduction of toxicity and enhancement of bioavailability. Among the treatments, azoles act on the biosynthesis ofergosterol (major component of fungal membrane) by inhibiting P450-dependent lanosterol 14alpha-demethylase (CYP51),encoded by theeRG 11 gene. Previous researches in our laboratory have focused on inhibitors with 1-heteroaryl-2-phenyl-l-(17H-l,2,4-triazol-l-yl)propan-2-ol moiety. Those studies have resulted in isolation of compounds with potent activities against Candida albicans and an emergence of activity on Aspergillus fumigatus. On the basis of this study new azoles compounds (with indole, benzenesulfonamide or biaryle structure) were synthesized andevaluated in order to specify structure- activity relationships. In parallel, we synthesized analogues of albaconazole which is currently in phase III clinical trials, by introducing thiazoloquinazolinones via the Appel's salt chemistry
Secrétan, Philippe-Henri. "caractérisation des processus de dégradation de nouveaux anticoagulants et d’un cytotoxique en milieu aqueux avec évaluation des impacts pharmaceutiques et environnementaux." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS481/document.
Full textDuring its life cycle, an active substance is in solution for various reasons: in a liquid pharmaceutical form, in the body and in wastewater. However, compared to the solid state, the active substance in solution exposes it more to factors likely to cause its degradation. The transformations modify its chemical structure and thus potentially its pharmacological and toxicological activities.The objective of this thesis is to present a methodology and studies aiming to predict the fate in solution of active substances and the potential impacts following their degradation.Three active ingredients have been selected for this work. They have in common, on the one hand, a high pharmacological activity correlated to a potential toxicity of their degradation products and, on the other hand, the fact that there is little information on their behaviour in solution. In all cases, although the context is specific to each molecule, the methodological approach followed integrates both experimental work and ab initio and in silico studies.The first study concerns the fate of apixaban, an active substance currently marketed in solid oral form, in aqueous solutions. The experimental data made it possible to highlight chemical groups of the active ingredient that could contribute to its own instability. The ab initio approach explained the regio-specificity of the hydrolysis reaction as a function of pH. Based on the structure of the characterized degradation products, their toxic potential was studied using an in silico approach. These data contribute to the risk analysis and evaluation process deployed at different stages of development of liquid pharmaceutical forms or in particular situations involving the solution of apixaban at the time of administration.Such approaches have also been used to characterize the photodegradation mechanisms of argatroban and assess the toxic potential of degradation products. The processes that initiate photodegradation were also addressed by calculating the energies potentially involved. This knowledge provides a rational basis for the choice of processes and formulations to limit photodegradation of argatroban and its impact on patients. They also make it possible to anticipate situations where the benefit/risk ratio of the medicinal product may be modified, such as incorrect handling or modification of the pharmaceutical form administered.Finally, in a context other than the pharmaceutical context, a study of degradation of pemetrexed by photocatalysis via an advanced oxidation process was carried out. This process is particularly studied for its ability to reduce the environmental footprint of organic compounds by accelerating their degradation. The choice of this active substance as an anti-cancer agent was justified by its toxic and persistent nature in surface waters, making it a product with a high environmental risk. This work has shown that products of lower mass produced by photocatalytic transformation of pemetrexed are unfortunately more toxic and even more persistent than the parent molecule itself. These results underline the fact that advanced oxidation processes, although effective in removing drug pollutants, must be evaluated because of an increased risk to the environment before any prospect of large-scale use.The approaches and results presented in this thesis can be used for other studies to predict, prevent and reduce the impact of active ingredient degradation on the patient and the environment
Omar, Mahmoud. "Conception d'un vecteur de médicaments à base de nanoparticules d'or pour la thérapie du glaucome." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29803.
Full textGlaucoma is the second cause of blindness worldwide. Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is the highest risk factor associated with glaucoma. Currently, hypotensive drugs can be administered topically to decrease the elevated IOP in patients. However, only a small fraction of the drugs (<0.06%) can reach their site of action in the anterior chamber of the eye. The corneal barrier and rapid drainage prevent drug penetration in the eyeball. To solve this major issue in ophthalmology, we propose to use gold nanoparticles (GNP). Our hypothesis suggests that GNP can be mucoadhesive and thus increase the residence time of glaucoma medication on the cornea, leading to the improvement of the drug efficacy. Objective: Firstly, several biocompatible and stable GNP will be synthesized. Secondly, their mucoadhesion and encapsulation properties will be studied. Lastly, the prepared medicated GNP will be analyzed in vivo with a mouse model, in comparison with marketed travoprost formulation. Methodology: Several GNP were synthesized using a modified one-step Brust method. The modification involves the use of acetonitrile to stabilize GNP during polymer capping. GNP were capped with thiolated polyethylene glycol (PEG) of different lengths: 800, 2000 and 6000 Da. GNP were then characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy and elemental analysis. A commonly used glaucoma medication, travoprost (TV), was encapsulated in the GNP by heating the mixture to remove TV solvent and entrapping the drug in the PEG hydrophobic pockets. The encapsulation was thus evaluated by UV and high-performance liquid chromatography. Mucoadhesion was evaluated by spectrofluorimetry. A microbead injection glaucoma model was used to compare the duration of action of the marketed travoprost and the medicated GNP solution. Results: The core diameter of GNPs were found to be 2.2 nm to 5.2 nm whereas the hydrodynamic size was found to be between 8.5 and 18.9 nm depending on the PEG used. It was also found that as little as 77 pmol of GNP can encapsulate 0.004% travoprost (marketed concentration). Moreover, 77 pmol of GNPs quenched by 17% to 27% mucins fluorescence depending on the PEG used, thus suggesting their possible binding to mucosae such as the cornea. According to the developed protocol, marketed travoprost appears to have a longer duration of action than the prepared medicated GNP. Conclusion: Our results show that GNP can efficiently encapsulate TV and interact with mucins. More analysis is needed to understand the unexpected in vivo results. The mucoadhesive properties of GNP could lead to the improvement of the efficacy of pharmacological treatments in a large spectrum of ophthalmic diseases.
Beesh, Mustafa. "Mise au point de nouvelles formulations pharmaceutiques orales à délivrance ciblée de principes actifs au niveau du côlon." Strasbourg, 2010. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2010/BEESH_Mustafa_2010.pdf.
Full textThe work described in this manuscript deals with the synthesis, the enzymatic degradation and the physicalchemistry characterization of new excipients based on a natural polysaccharide, dextran. These excipients can serve coating or agent matrix for the realization of oral pharmaceutical forms at colon-specifie release of the active ingredients. To this end, two main strategies for syntheses were performed on dextran to make it hydrophobie. The first is based on the esterification of hydroxyl groups of dextran to prepare three families of dextran esters (acetate, propionate and butyrate) with three Degree of substitution (1 , 2 and 3). The second strategy allows to obtain three types of dextran block copolymers (di, tri and tetra-block copolymers) by freeradical emulsion polymerization of one or more acrylic monomers (MA, MMA and MAA) on the block of dextrans. The beneficial results of in vitro release of theophyllin from tablets coated individually with different types of dextran block copolymers were allowed to determine the potential uses of dextran block copolymers to deliver oral dosage forms in the colon
Borovac, Tatiana. "Conception et validation d'un nouvel appareil de dissolution permettant l'étude des formes pharmaceutiques administrées en milieu clos Corrélations in vitro - in vivo." Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA077077.
Full textDissolution tests are essential during the development of new medicines as implants, occlusion agents and patches defined as pharmaceutical forms administered in "enclosed area". This work presents a new dissolution device, the T apparatus, designed to study the in vitro release of active drugs loaded in microspheres for embolization or in patches. Its shape allows to mimic the in vivo hydrodynamic conditions with an area of convective transport (blood transport) and an area of diffusive transport (tissular transport). The first bibliographie part présents the dissolution theories, the pharmaceutical forms administered in "enclosed area", the dissolution tests existing and the principles of in vitro- in vivo correlations. The second part consists of the expérimental works. After the presentation of the design and the operation of the T apparatus, various microspheres for embolization (indomethacin-loaded trisacryl microspheres and ibuprofen-loaded poly(vinyl alcohol) microspheres) were studied to validate the use of the device. Pharmacokinetic data obtained after embolization in sheep allowed to define an in vitro- in vivo correlation. The use of the apparatus for the study of transdermal nicotine patches was introduced. Finally, the design and the operation of a prototype of the T apparatus were evaluated with the microspheres and the patches. The results shown that the T apparatus is a new promising dissolution test for the pharmaceutical development
Gallet, Sébastien. "Conception, synthèse et évaluation pharmacologique de thiadiazépines et oxathiazépines potentiellement anticancéreuses." Lille 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LIL2P002.
Full textLopez, Ramos Miriam. "Conception et synthèse d'inhibiteurs de la protéine kinase CK2." Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05P633.
Full textThe protein kinase CK2 is engaged in suppression of apoptosis, and its inhibition helps to restore apoptosis. The Library of the Institut Curie was screened, which led to the discovery of new inhibitors. The aim of the thesis work is to improve the inhibition of these molecules to obtain a biochemical tool to investigate the role of this kinase and a potential drug to treat certain forms of cancer. We have synthesized analogues of hit compounds. Molecular modeling allowed a better understanding of how molecules bind in the active site of the protein. We thus obtained a position in the active site of CK2 for each active compound. Co-crystallization of one of the inhibitors helped validating this model. We also performed virtual screening on a subset of compounds from the library
Liberge, Gwenaëlle. "Synthèse de molécules nouvelles à potentialités thérapeutiques dans le traitement des troubles du métabolisme (diabète, obésité, prise alimentaire) et du cancer." Lille 1, 2004. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2004/50376-2004-99-100.pdf.
Full textCanault, Baptiste. "Développement d'une plateforme de prédiction in silico des propriétés ADME-Tox." Thesis, Orléans, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ORLE2048/document.
Full textAbsorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Elimination (ADME) and Toxicity (Tox) properties are crucial for the success of clinical trials of a drug candidate. During this process, chemoinformatics is regularly used to predict the ADME-Tox profile of bioactive compounds and to improve their pharmacokinetic properties. In silico approaches have already been developed to improve poor pharmacokinetics and toxicity of lead compounds. These predictive models, based on the quantification of structure-activity relationships (QSAR), were not always efficient enough due to the low number of accessible biological data and their heterogeneity induced by the differences in experimental assays or the significant experimental error. In this thesis, we first built a database containing 150,000 data points for about 50 ADME-Tox properties. In order to valorize all this data, we then proposed an automatic platform for creating predictive models. This platform, called MetaPredict, has been designed to optimize each step of model development, in order to improve their quality and robustness. Third,, we promoted the statistical models using the online application of MetaPredict platform. This application has been developed to facilitate the use of newly built models, to provide a simplified interpretation of the results and to modulate the obtained observations according to the needs of the researchers. Finally, this platform provides an easy access to the ADME-Tox models for the scientific community
Soury, Delphine. "Conception et caractérisation d’un dispositif original pour l’administration cutanée : applications diagnostique et thérapeutique." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA114805.
Full textDBV Technologies has developed an original device for cutaneous administration of molecules: the Epatch® system. The active substance is adsorbed on to the device as a powder by electrostatic forces. The occlusion provided by the device allows water condensation under the patch and the subsequent dissolution. An E-patch® composed of particles of cow’s milk powder has been developed to diagnose cow’s milk proteins allergy. The concentration of proteins in the vicinity of cutaneous immune cells and the absence of systemic delivery of intact proteins indicate the efficacy and safety of the test. The origin of the inflammatory reaction observed under a positive patchtest has been studied with mice sensitized to cow’s milk and implicates both immediate and delayed allergic mechanisms. The therapeutic potential of the E-patch® has been evaluated with fentanyl. A systemic passage of this molecule provoked has been demonstrated
Soussan, Elodie. "Conception de vésicules catanioniques dérivées de sucre et étude de leur mécanisme de délivrance de principes actifs." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/14/.
Full textThe present work focused on the development of new sugar-based catanionic systems able to spontaneously form vesicles in water in order to deliver drugs towards cells. To validate these systems for drug delivery, original investigation methods based on the physical properties of giant magnetoliposomes and the electric properties of cell membranes have proven that a membrane fusion phenomenon is implicated between catanionic vectors and cells. This mechanism of fusion allows vectorization of hydrophilic drugs, encapsulated inside vesicle aqueous compartment, directly towards cell cytoplasm. After fusion, the internalisation of a vesicle bilayer fraction unables the delivery of lipophilic molecules confined inside the vesicle membrane. Catanionic vesicles are thus a versatile system able to deliver drugs within cells whatever their hydrophilicities. This new vector system offers promising application in vectorisation
Giguère, Sébastien. "Algorithmes d'apprentissage automatique pour la conception de composés pharmaceutiques et de vaccins." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25748.
Full textThe discovery of pharmaceutical compounds is currently too time-consuming, too expensive, and the failure rate is too high. Biochemical and genomic databases continue to grow and it is now impracticable to interpret these data. A radical change is needed; some steps in this process must be automated. Peptides are molecules that play an important role in the immune system and in cell signaling. Their favorable properties make them prime candidates for initiating the design of new drugs and assist in the design of vaccines. In addition, modern synthesis techniques can quickly generate these molecules at low cost. Statistical learning algorithms are well suited to manage large amount of data and to learn models in an automated fashion. These methods and peptides thus offer a solution of choice to the challenges facing pharmaceutical research. We propose a kernel for learning statistical models of biochemical phenomena involving peptides. This allows, among other things, to learn a universal model that can reasonably quantify the binding energy between any peptide sequence and any binding site of a protein. In addition, it unifies the theory of many existing string kernels while maintaining a low computational complexity. This kernel is particularly suitable for quantifying the interaction between antigens and proteins of the major histocompatibility complex. We provide a tool to predict peptides that are likely to be processed by the antigen presentation pathway. This tool has won an international competition and has several applications in immunology, including vaccine design. Ultimately, a peptide should maximize the interaction with a target protein or maximize bioactivity in the host. We formalize this problem as a structured prediction problem. Then, we propose an algorithm exploiting the longest paths in a graph to identify peptides maximizing the predicted bioactivity of a previously learned model. We validate this new approach in the laboratory with the discovery of new antimicrobial peptides. Finally, we provide PAC-Bayes bound for two structured prediction algorithms, one of which is new.
Mozziconacci, Jean-Christophe. "Développement et application de méthodes de drug design : combinaison des approches de docking-scoring et de QSAR." Orléans, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ORLE2039.
Full textGasparik, Vincent. "Conception, synthèse et évaluation de ligands pyrroliniques sélectifs des récepteurs des imidazolines de sous-type 1." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006STR13255.
Full textThe aim of this work was the study of pyrrolinic compounds having activity on main arterial blood pressure, via the stimulation of imidazoline receptors of subtype 1 (I1Rs). Our goal was to define the factors that influence the activity and the affinity of the compounds, with the purpose of obtain ligands selective for I1Rs, having high affinity and hypotensive activity after systemic administration. During this work, we have defined important SAR criteria, which led us to prepare such selective compounds. Compilation of those informations had led to the definition of the pharmacophore of I1Rs. We had also developed a method for the preparation of trifluoromethylamine derivatives, specially lactams, via a one-pot synthesis using a Barbier type reaction
Hoël, Antonin. "Conception et analyse d'un microsystème pour l'injection transdermique." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00463096.
Full textIvanova, Maria. "New access to difluoromethylphosphonate-containing molecules : via a copper-mediated approach." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMIR14.
Full textSince several decades, the organofluorine chemistry is a research area of strong interest. While plenty of original and elegant methodologies were developed to introduce various fluorinated groups, the CF2PO(OEt)2 residue was scarcely spotlighted. This contrasts with its unique and highly valuable properties. Indeed, the CF2PO(OEt)2 moiety proved to be a metabolically stable bioisoster of the in vivo unstable phosphate group. As a result, approaches to incorporate this motif onto molecules were developed albeit still restricted to few transformations. In this PhD thesis, we would like to propose a general and straightforward method to access CF2PO(OEt)2-containing molecules. A first part was dedicated to the introduction of the CF2PO(OEt)2 motif on aryl, heteroaryl, vinyl and alkynyl iodonium salts, by generating the CuCF2PO(OEt)2 species (Chapter II). Then, the utility and the generality of this transformation were further demonstrated using R-X (R = vinyl, allyl and benzyl) as well as disulfides as the electrophiles. Besides, a Ullmann-type cross-coupling reaction proceeding at room temperature was also studied. Finally, the divergent reactivity of the CuCF2PO(OEt)2 species toward α-diazoesters, by a simple change of copper salt, was investigated (Chapter III). This approach was then extended to α-bromoketone derivatives to access the a-SCF2PO(OEt)2 ketones (Chapter IV)
Vercouillie, Johnny. "Médicaments radiopharmaceutiques pour l'exploration en Tep et en Temp du transporteur de la sérotonine : conception, synthèse et validation." Tours, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOUR3801.
Full textBarou, Carole. "Conception d'un ciment à base de phosphates de calcium pour la reconstruction osseuse et la libération de médicaments." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ENCM0019.
Full textThe treatment of bone is a challenge due to the difficulty that has the bone to repair itself. Several surgical situations sometimes require the application of auto- and allografts. Autologous bone grafting is the gold-standard treatment for bone reconstruction as it is the only that can provide osteoinductive growth factors, osteogenic cells and osteoconductive scaffold. These procedures present many limitations including donor site morbidity, increased operative time and providing insufficient quantity or quality. There is therefore a need to develop novel therapeutic strategies able to exploit the natural regenerative potential of bone and that can be delivered in a less invasive manner. Among the materials studied for the development of novel scaffolds, calcium phosphate cements provide many advantages due to its biological performances, including their biocompatibility, osteoconductivity, osteoinductivity, biodegradability, bioactivity, and interactions with cells. The aim of this thesis is the development and characterization of novel calcium phosphate based cements for bone regeneration. Our goal is to develop new original processes for the development of injectable scaffolds. The major advantage of such structures lies in the perfect biocompatibility with the mechanical properties similar to those of bone
Marlu, Raphaël. "Conception rationnelle de nouvelles protéines thérapeutiques dans l'hémophilie : variants du facteur Xa dépourvus du domaine Gla." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00949107.
Full textGiraud, Francis. "Conception rationnelle, synthèse et évaluation de dérivés hétérocycliques azotés à activités antifongique et/ou antileishmanienne." Nantes, 2007. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=ab53acdb-693b-463f-ad00-39c92f5e896d.
Full textInvasive fungal infections (C. Albicans, A. Fumigatus) and protozoan diseases (L. Mexicana) are considered as a major health problem. New azole compounds have been designed using computational methods. A 3D-QSAR model based on a former series of 3-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)indoles active against Leishmania parasites (0. 3 < IC80 (µM) < 80) led us to design 23 original derivatives. 19 of them have an IC50 between 2. 3 and 6 µM. In parallel, preparation of inhibitors with a 2-phenyl-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol side chain on the N-1 indole nucleus led to a lead compound (IC80 = 7 nM, C. Albicans). This series was extended with the introduction of various substituents on position C-3. A homology model of the target was built from M. Tuberculosis-CYP51 which helped us to introduce pharmacophore to position C-5 to make specific interactions with amino acids of the active site. Four original azoles families (pyridines, benzylamines, piperidines and indoles) have been prepared and tested
Adetchessi, Ouro-Sama. "Conception et synthèse de 2-Amino-2-Oxazolines : contribution à l'étude de leur réactivité." Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR2B003.
Full textColagrande, Olivia. "Repositionnement d'une marque, dû à un changement de formule : duplamox R (amoxicilline-Bromhexine)." Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05P235.
Full textGheyouche, Ennys. "Développement de méthodologies innovantes pour la caractérisation d’interfaces protéine-protéine et la conception d’inhibiteurs spécifiques : exploration de l’interface protéique de RhoA /ArhGEF1." Thesis, Nantes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NANT1036.
Full textRas GTPases superfamily is one of the largest proteine families involved in cell signal transduction, with a total of 166 members. This superfamily shares a common activation mechanism in which the hydrolysis of a GTP to GDP arrests post stimulation cell signalling. The GTPase can then be reloaded in GTP by a specific guanine exchange factor (GEF). In our study, using in silico approaches, we sought to understand at the molecular level, how p115-GEF (Arhgef- 1) was involved in the nucleotide exchange mechanism in RhoA. RhoA plays a key role in the response of vascular smooth muscle cells to angiotensin II. Our approach consisted in studying by all atom molecular dynamics simulations the different free and bound forms of the two protein partners, as well as the influence of magnesium and nucleotide in this process. This study allowed us to determine the key steps of the nucleotide exchange mechanism, specifying the amino acids and structural modifications essential to the mechanism. In parallel, we have implemented a structure-based virtual screening strategy by analyzing key conformational changes prior to nucleotide exchange. This ensemblebased strategy has allowed to identify several potential ligands that have demonstrated their affinities and specificity in vitro. We have continued this preliminary work of hit identification through a phase of optimization of molecules of interest. First, a combinatorial analysis of potential chemical changes revealed new compounds to be synthesized and tested. Second, the identification of the main chemical groups playing a role in the interaction with the target made it possible to identify alternative compounds discarded during the preliminary screening phase. The molecules identified in these three approaches are experimentally evaluated. The combination of virtual, fundamental and finalized approaches has allowed us to better understand the nucleotide exchange mechanism for RhoA and to identify specific inhibitors. The experimental confirmation of these predictions should pave the way for solid therapeutic solutions for high blood pressure
Steimes, Philippe. "Etude du profil pharmacologique préliminaire et orientation d'une molécule inconnue : aspects méthodologiques et économiques." Paris 5, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA05P054.
Full textPaul, Alexis. "G-quadruplexes and acridines : from molecular recognition to drug design." Strasbourg, 2009. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2009/PAUL_Alexis_2009.pdf.
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