Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Conception of mothers'

Orientador: Carina Alexandra Rondini
Resumo: O presente estudo tem como objetivo identificar características de estudantes com indicadores de Altas Habilidades/Superdotação (AH/SD) observadas por suas mães em algum campo do saber, e suas relações/associações com queixas escolares e problemas de comportamento. Participaram do estudo 13 mães, com idade de 29 a 48 anos e nível de escolaridade do Ensino Fundamental ao Doutorado e seus(suas) filhos(as) com idade de 5 a 14 anos. Os dados foram obtidos a partir dos intrumentos: Checklist de Características Associadas à Superdotação – CCAS; Avaliação de Conhecimentos Acerca da Superdotação (ACAS); Roteiro de Entrevista Semiestruturada para a Família; Entrevista de Anamnese e Questionário de Capacidades e Dificuldades (SDQ-Por). A coleta foi realizada nas dependências do Centro de Psicologia Aplicada (CPA), na Universidade Estadual Paulista – UNESP – campus de Bauru, Estado de São Paulo, em 2016/2017. Os dados qualitativos da entrevista, foram analisados e categorizados de acordo com a análise de conteúdo de Bardin e do software IRAMUTEQ. Os dados do CCAS, ACAS, Anamnese e SDQ-Por foram contabilizados para dois grupos de mães em função da escolaridade, utilizando-se estatística descritiva e teste estatístico de hipóteses, para verificar associação entre variáveis qualitativas. Como resultados, no CCAS, as mães apontaram em seus(as) filhos(as) características associadas à superdotação, tais como: capacidade incomum de raciocínio lógico; vocabulário avançado para a idade; curiosid... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The present study aims to identify characteristics of students with indicators of High Abilities /Giftedness (AH/SD) observed by their mothers in some field of knowledge, and their relationships/associations with school complaints and behavior problems. A total of 13 mothers, aged between 29 and 48 years old, were enrolled in the study, and the level of schooling from the Elementary School to the Doctorate and their children aged 5 to 14 years. The data were obtained from the instruments: Checklist of Characteristics Associated with Supervision - CCAS; Assessment of Knowledge about Giftedness (ACAS); Semistructured Interview Roadmap for the Family; Anamnesis Interview and Capacities and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ-Por). The collection was carried out at the Center for Applied Psychology (CPA), at the Paulista State University - UNESP - campus of Bauru, State of São Paulo, in 2016/2017. Qualitative interview data were analyzed and categorized according to the Bardin content analysis and IRAMUTEQ software. Data from the ACAS, ACAS, Anamnesis and SDQ-Por were counted for two groups of mothers according to schooling, using descriptive statistics and statistical test of hypotheses, to verify association between qualitative variables. As results, in the CCAS, the mothers pointed out in their children the characteristics associated with giftedness, such as: unusual capacity for logical reasoning; advanced vocabulary for age; curiosity and questioning sense. In ACAS, it was obser... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre

Denna studie kan ses som en del av barndomsforskningen, där barn betraktas som kompetenta aktörer vars rösterförtjänar att lyftas fram. Syftet var att undersöka hur barn i olika familjeformer pratar om tillblivelse. Intervjuer har genomförts med sammanlagt 22 barn varav elva kom från familjer med en sammanboende mamma och pappa som har fått barn genom samlag (relationsbarn) och de andra elva kom från familjer med en ensamstående mamma som har fåttbarn på egen hand med hjälp av assisterad befruktning (femmisbarn). Barnens ålder varierade från tre år och tio månader till nio år och nio månader. En semistrukturerad intervjuguide låg till grund för intervjuerna där barnen ombads prata om tillblivelse, den egna tillblivelsen, tidigare kunskap om tillblivelse, känslor och åsikter inför ämnet samt kunskapskällor kring tillblivelse. Barnens berättelser har analyserats utifrån kritisk diskursiv psykologi.Resultatet visar att både femmisbarnen och relationsbarnen pratar om befruktning i olika former. De flesta pratar om en eller flera förutsättningar att bli till på, vilka alla var bundna till familjeform. Majoriteten av relationsbarnen och en del av femmisbarnen pratar utifrån en heteronormativ tvåsamhet. Många femmisbarn pratar även utifrån sitt eget tillblivelsesätt, assisterad befruktning, och talar dels utifrån att detta sätt är ett fullgott förstahandsalternativ och dels utifrån att det är ett andrahandsalternativ till att få barn genom den heteronormativa tvåsamheten. Flera av både femmisbarnen och relationsbarnen pratade kring att få barn på ett sätt som att det är en självklarhet för vuxna.De flesta av barnen pratade om förlossning och nämnde då vården som något centralt, vilken beskrivs antingen som en fixare eller en hjälpare. För femmisbarnen var vården självklar både vid befruktningen och vid förlossningen, medan vården är självklar för relationsbarnen vid förlossningen. De barn som pratar om pappors roll vid förlossningen gör det utifrån att pappor antingen är sekundära och passiva eller att de är hjälpare. Resultatet visar även att det inte finns någon skillnad kring var barnen från de olika familjeformerna har fått sin kunskap om tillblivelse ifrån samt var de skulle ta reda på mer kunskap. Barnen nämner sina mammor, men även skola, kompisar och olika former av media är kunskapskällor för barnen. Många barn pratar utifrån att kunskapen tillhör vuxenvärlden och att barn inte behöver ha kunskap om tillblivelse. Det är ungefär lika förekommande att barnen oavsett familjeformger uttryck för att tillblivelse och tillhörande ämnen på olika sätt är svårt att prata om, som att det är lätt att prata.Utifrån dessa resultat dras slutsatsen att eftersom den heteronormativa tvåsamheten framställs som det självklara, får det till följd att andra tillblivelsesätt betraktas som mindre eftersträvansvärda. I kontakt med barn blir det därför viktigt att förhålla sig till detta och sträva mot att inkludera fler likvärdiga tillblivelsesätt i sitt prat. Mammor beskrivs av barnen från de båda familjeformerna som de primära kunskapsbärarna, medan pappor nästintill helt saknas. Detta tyder på att femmisbarn, i de undersökta åldrarna, har samma tillgång till kunskap om tillblivelse som relationsbarn har. Slutligen konstateras att sexualitet till viss del fortfarande är tabubelagt i samhället, då flera av barnen på olika sätt uttrycker att det finns aspekter av tillblivelse som var svåra att prata om. Denna syn, som också återfinns i samhället, håller troligtvis på att förändras då ungefär lika många barn gav uttryck för att tillblivelse var lätt att prata om.

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The studies on conceptions of parents and educators as to the childlike development characterize an important area of inquiry in Psychology of the Development. The conceptions of parents and educators are developed through their personal, social and cultural experiences which affect the adult-child interaction. Based on this premise, we tried to analyze the concepts that parents and educators have about childhood development, believing that these concepts, and/ or set of ideas that are shared among members of a community, are intended to organize the perception of parents and educators about how they understand the child; and these concepts in turn have motivational properties, which serve as targets, as interpretation of reality and understanding of childhood development, and also, the different forms how parents and educators will take care of the children. From a Vygotskiana proposal, the figure of the mediator has an important role in promoting childhood development, since it is through his way of thinking, conceiving and believing that the practices will be laid down; and consequently how to act with the children, directly influencing their development. The development does not occur linearly by itself but through evolutionary changes; and it can vary in terms of developments or setbacks, according to the environment where it occurs. This study aimed to analyze the views of mothers and educators of children who were four to twenty four months of age on childhood development. With specific objectives, conceptions of mothers and educators were established about childhood development; and also, if they are confluent and / or divergent. This is a descriptive-analytical study with a qualitative approach on the field research of three nurseries from a private network in João Pessoa City on Paraíba State, Brazil. As an instrument of investigation, a semi-structured interview was used with a social-demographic questionnaire; it was prepared by means of the objectives of the study besides other already fulfilled inquiries. Participating of the study were twenty mothers and twenty educators. The criterion for selection of participants was to be mothers of children from four to twenty four months of age, and for educators that specifically take care of those children. The choice of this age group was due to the importance of the early years of life for childhood development. All interviews were taped, transcribed and analyzed from the standpoint of the thematic-categorical content proposed by Bardin, with categories that were defined later. The results revealed that mothers and teachers had similar notions of childhood development in some respects, but we could perceive that the testimonies of the educators had more elements in relation to the meanings attributed to childhood development. This research has good applicability to support programs in educational policies and suggests that there must be studies comparing public and private nurseries.
Os estudos sobre concepções de pais e educadores a respeito do desenvolvimento infantil caracterizam uma importante área de pesquisa em Psicologia do Desenvolvimento. As concepções dos pais e educadores são desenvolvidas através de suas experiências pessoais, sociais e culturais, influenciando a interação adulto-criança. Com base nessa premissa, procurou-se analisar as concepções que os pais e os educadores têm a respeito do desenvolvimento infantil, acreditando que estas concepções, e/ou conjunto de idéias, que são compartilhadas entre os membros de uma comunidade, têm o objetivo de organizar a percepção dos pais e educadores a respeito da forma como os mesmos compreendem a criança. As concepções por sua vez possuem propriedades motivacionais, as quais funcionam como metas, interpretação da realidade, e compreensão do desenvolvimento infantil, e ainda, formas de como os pais e educadores cuidarão de seus filhos. A partir de uma proposta vigotskiana, a figura do mediador tem um papel relevante na promoção do desenvolvimento infantil, haja vista que é através do seu modo de pensar, conceber, acreditar, que se estabelecerão as práticas e consequentemente a forma de agir com as crianças, influenciando diretamente no seu desenvolvimento. Por si, o desenvolvimento não acontece de forma linear, mas sim por meio de alterações evolutiva, podendo variar em termos de avanços ou retrocessos, conforme o ambiente onde ocorre. O presente estudo teve como objetivo geral analisar as concepções das mães e das educadoras de crianças de 04 - 24 meses de idade sobre o desenvolvimento infantil. Como objetivos específicos foram verificadas as concepções das mães e das educadoras sobre desenvolvimento infantil e também se as mesmas são confluentes e ou divergentes. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo-analítico, numa abordagem qualitativa, tendo como campo de investigação três berçários da rede privada da cidade de João Pessoa, na Paraíba. Como instrumento foi utilizado uma entrevista semi-estruturada, com questionário sócio-demográfico, elaborada mediante os objetivos do estudo além de outras pesquisas já realizadas. Participaram do estudo 20 mães e 20 educadoras. O critério para escolha das participantes foi o de serem mães de crianças na faixa etária de quatro a vinte quatro meses, e para as educadoras, de que cuidassem especificamente dessas mesmas crianças. A escolha das crianças nessa faixa etária aconteceu devido à importância que tem os primeiros anos de vida para o desenvolvimento infantil. Todas as entrevistas foram gravadas, transcritas e analisadas a partir da análise de conteúdo categorial temática proposta por Bardin, com categorias que foram definidas a posteriori. Os resultados encontrados revelaram que mães e educadoras apresentaram concepções semelhantes do desenvolvimento infantil em alguns aspectos, porém foi possível perceber que as falas das educadoras apresentaram mais elementos no que se refere aos significados atribuídos ao desenvolvimento infantil. Esta pesquisa tem boa aplicabilidade para subsidiar ações em políticas educativas e sugere que haja estudos comparativos entre berçários particulares e públicos.

This thesis weaves together disparate sources of theoretical knowledge with the lived experience of 11 women to illuminate the mysterious world of pre-natal relating - the foundation for postnatal life and the beginnings of the capacity to love. Love and supportive relationships can ameliorate stress and trauma post-birth, but do they operate prenatally, and if so how? This research clearly shows that mothers relate to their preborns and from the rich detail of their stories, the author proposes a schema that captures the complexity and changing nature of prenatal relating. The basic physiological and neurological structures are formed from conception, making the preborn vulnerable to the effects of direct and maternal experience. Preborns have extensive capacities that include the potential for interaction. These capacities and experiences affect infant development post birth. This evidence supports the author's initial hypothesis that prenatal stress is a significant factor in the attentional and behavioural problems of childhood, and challenges purely genetic explanations. 'Normal' life events have greater potency during pregnancy, making the transition to parenthood stressful even for many women in low risk situations. Feeling supported is essential for the health and well-being of the mother and preborn. This thesis reports a phenomenological and prospective study of 11 pregnant women as they lived the prenatal journey. From the interviews, it describes the development of the prenatal relationship and the range of stressful and supportive factors that should be considered in the creation of child and family friendly communities.
Master of Science (Hons)

Syftet med studien är att undersöka vilka ämneskonceptioner som dominerar modersmålsundervisningen i grundskolans tidigare år i Peru, samt jämföra dessa med svenska förhållanden och forskning. Vidare syftar studien till att analysera varför dessa ämneskonceptioner dominerar, samt vilka slutsatser som kan dras med hänsyn till dessa ämneskonceptioners resultat. Metoden är kvalitativa intervjuer med tre lärare på en kommunal skola i Cajamarca, Peru, samt klassrumsobservationer vid tre tillfällen hos vardera lärare. Två intervjuer genomfördes med vardera lärare, en före observationerna och en efter att observationerna var avslutade. Undersökningens resultat visar att undervisningen på skolan huvudsakligen domineras av formaliserad undervisning med fokus på färdigheter och har även likheter med den bild av svenskundervisningen som presenteras i forskning på området. Resultatet är dock inte entydigt. Lärarna i studien visar, i olika stor utsträckning, tendenser och ambitioner att utveckla en mer varierad modersmålsundervisning, men har svårigheter att iscensätta en sådan i praktiken. Studien visar att det är av vikt att lärare får möjlighet att diskutera och reflektera över form och innehåll, samt över sin egen undervisning, för att på så sätt utmanas och i förlängningen förbättra sin undervisning. Undervisning karakteriserad av fokus på färdigheter riskerar att ge elever en begränsad syn på vad läsning och skrivning innebär.

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The present study looked for to verify the relation among the adolescents' perception about the styles of maternal socialization and agreement with conceptions of the forgiveness. The styles of parental socialization are defined as patterns of performance characteristic, that the parents use in several situations of the daily. Those patterns are characterized by a group of techniques and forms of the parents' performance that include attitudes of acceptance until attitudes of control of unwanted behaviorsand imposition and imposing limits to the children. For Musitu and García (2001) the parental socialization is structured from two dimensions (Acceptance/Implication and Coercion/Imposition), that related they originate four models of parental styles: authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent and negligent. In that process, the mothers act in a suave way than the parents in the transmission of rules and moral values, being the forgiveness considered a moral value related to the compassion and the mercy. In the psychology of the moral, the forgiveness is considered as a value related to the justice and defined of point of view of the victim. In that sense, becomes important to study the relation between the styles of the mothers' performance and the conceptions of forgiveness adolescents. Participated in the study 186 adolescents, being 60 men and 126 women, with ages between 14 and 17 years old. As instruments were used: 1) a questionnaire biodemográfico with subjects about age, sex, série/ano; 2) a Scale about the conceptions of forgiveness; and 3) Parental Socialization Scale in Adolescence - ESPA29. The results showed that in your majority, the adolescents perceive the mothers as authoritative, being that parental style related to advanced conceptions of forgiveness. It was also found mothers sex difference in some conceptions of forgiveness. It was also found that mothers differ in socialization strategies between daughters and sons in some conceptions of forgiveness. Future studies should verify the reasons that the adolescents use to agree with the conceptions of forgiveness and if they are varied in detriment of parental style and the need of forgiveness in the interpersonal relationships.
O presente estudo buscou analisar a relação entre a percepção dos adolescentes sobre os estilos de socialização materna e concepções sobre perdão. Os estilos de socialização parental são definidos como padrões de atuação característicos, que os pais utilizam em diversas situações do cotidiano. Esses padrões caracterizam-se por um conjunto de técnicas e formas de atuação dos pais, que abrangem desde atitudes de aceitação até atitudes de controle dos comportamentos indesejados, além da imposição de limites aos filhos. Para Musitu e García (2001) a socialização parental é estruturada a partir de duas dimensões (Aceitação/Implicação e Coerção/Imposição), que relacionadas originam quatro modelos de estilos parentais: autoritativo, autoritário, indulgente e negligente. Nesse processo, as mães atuam de forma mais amena que os pais na transmissão de regras e valores morais, sendo o perdão considerado um valor moral relacionado à compaixão e à misericórdia. Na psicologia da moral, o perdão é concebido como um valor relacionado à justiça e definido do ponto de vista da vítima. Nesse sentido, torna-se relevante estudar a relação entre os estilos de atuação das mães e as concepções do perdão dos adolescentes. Participaram do estudo 186 adolescentes, sendo 60 homens e 126 mulheres, com idades entre 14 e 17 anos. Como instrumentos foram utilizados: 1) um questionário biodemográfico com questões sobre idade, sexo, série/ano; 2) uma Escala sobre as concepções do perdão; e 3) a Escala de Socialização Parental na Adolescência ESPA29. Os resultados mostraram que em sua maioria, os adolescentes perceberam as mães como autoritativa, estando esse estilo parental relacionado a concordância com concepções do perdão mais avançadas. Também foi encontrado que as mães diferem nas estratégias de socialização entre filhas e filhos em algumas concepções do perdão. Estudos futuros deverão verificar os motivos que os adolescentes utilizam para concordar com as concepções do perdão e se variam em detrimento do estilo parental e a necessidade de perdão nas relações interpessoais.

L'allaitement maternel est un réel enjeu de santé publique au regard de ces bénéfices pour la santé de la mère comme de son enfant. La prise de médicaments représente un obstacle à l'allaitement et peut conduire à la non initiation de l'allaitement ou à son sevrage prématuré quelques soient les données biomédicales disponibles. La compréhension des comportements maternels face à la prise de médicament est essentielle à explorer pur pouvoir apporter des interventions éducatives adaptées pour répondre à cette problématique [...]
This commentary follows the article of Moni R. Saha and her co-authors, entitled "Postpartum women's use of medicines and breastfeeding practices: a systematic review." As highlighted in this systematic review, medication use is common during the postpartum period often creating difficulty for mothers. Several studies illustrate the negative impact medication has on breastfeeding, initiation and duration despite reassuring advice from health professionals. Current data only describe the use of medication and behavior adopted by mothers when medication is prescribed. The factors influencing maternal behaviors have not been studied. Behaviors depend on knowledge, representations and attitudes.To better understand the behaviors of mothers faced with medication, we conducted a qualitative study, utilizing semistructured interviews to investigate knowledge, risk perception and difficulties women experienced. The study consisted of a description and comparison of the perceived needs of two populations : 19 breastfeeding mothers and 12 health professionals. Divergences between the two populations were highlighted, focusing specifically, on knowledge needed by the women. This commentary is intended to highlight the need for further research essential to explain the influences on maternal behavior when medication is a consideration, allowing health professionals to better help mothers deal with these situations frequently affecting their breastfeeding plans

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The present study is a master dissertation heat, presents an ethnographic qualitative study. We investigate, question and analyze the conceptions al ruit deaf people, built in different social contexts and uttered by mothers of deaf kids. We analyze how those conceptions influence the was in witch mothers work daily with their deaf children, and are related to the process of acquisition/learning of sign language. The study is organized in three chapters. The first one is introductory, where I work the fundamental appointments of which emerged the interest in researching them, in the second chapter we present the methodological perspective and in the last one we present an analytical theoretical discussion around the objectives of this study. Discussion about the conceptions of deficiency and difference are articulated based on authors of Cultural Studies of Education and Deaf Studies, such as Goldfeld (1997), Silva (2000), Skliar (1997, 2005), Perlin (2003), Ladd (2005), Sa (2006), Santana (2007), Lopes (2011), among o hers. The categories of identity and difference are the pillars of discussion, of sign languages. The data show that the abnormality of deaf condition is still predominant in mother's conceptions, although the there are already conceptions that regard deaf people in thru differentiated cultural aspect, which shows a change not only in the characteristics of discourse, but mainly in the practice of everyday relations between mothers and sons and daughters.
O presente estudo, configurado como dissertação de mestrado, apresenta uma pesquisa qualitativa de viés etnográfico. Buscamos problematizar as concepções em torno das pessoas Surdas, construídas em contextos sociais diferentes e proferidas por mães de crianças Surdas. Analisamos como tais concepções influenciam na forma como as mães lidam cotidianamente com seus filhos e filhas Surdas, bem como fazem relação com o processo de aquisição/aprendizagem da língua de sinais. O estudo está organizado em três capítulos, sendo o primeiro introdutório, no qual tratamos dos apontamentos fundamentais que fizeram emergir o interesse pela pesquisa; no segundo capítulo, apresentamos a perspectiva metodológica; e, no terceiro e último, encontra-se uma discussão teórica analítica em torno das pretensões desse estudo. As discussões sobre as concepções de Deficiência e Diferença são articuladas com autores dos Estudos Culturais da Educação e dos Estudos Surdos, a exemplo de Goldfeld (1997), Silva (2000), Skliar (1997, 2005), Perlin (2003), Ladd (2005), Sá (2006), Santana (2007), Lopes (2011), entre outros. Os dados mostraram que o discurso da condição Surda no aspecto da anormalidade ainda é muito considerado nas concepções das mães, embora já surjam narrativas que consideram os Surdos no seu aspecto cultural diferenciado, o que revela uma mudança não só no caráter do discurso, mas principalmente na prática das relações cotidianas entre mães e filhos e filhas Surdas.

Cette recherche doctorale est dans la continuité de nos précédents travaux. Après avoir étudié l’investissement de l’enfant à naître suite à une conception médicalisée, dans un contexte d’infertilité féminine, nous nous sommes intéressées au passage du conjugal au parental, au risque d’une « parentalité médicalement assistée ». Les résultats de ses deux premières recherches ont montré l’impact du diagnostic d’infertilité féminine, et de sa prise en charge, sur la psyché des femmes, sur la conjugalité et sur le devenir parent. Pour cette thèse nous avons souhaité changer notre regard afin de le porter sur les enfants nés de mère infertiles, en questionnant leur construction subjective au regard d’un tel contexte. Nous avons fait le choix de penser, plus particulièrement le devenir des jeunes femmes nées de mères infertiles, à travers la question de la spécificité du lien mère/fille au sein des processus de subjectivation et de la transmission d’un féminin maternel blessé par un diagnostic d’infertilité. L’appropriation subjective de l’histoire conceptionnelle étant alors au centre de cette recherche nous avons élaboré une méthodologie de type qualitative à partir du récit conceptionnel que nous avons souhaité mettre à l’épreuve dans ce contexte. Le peu de travaux concernant les enfants « nés de » nous ont amenés à conduire une recherche exploratoire s’inscrivant au sein du paradigme subjectiviste, dans un cadre d’orientation psychanalytique. Nous questionnons ainsi l’impact de l’histoire conceptionnelle sur les processus de subjectivation, la construction identitaire, et la narrativité des jeunes femmes nées de mère infertile. Si les résultats montrent que nous ne pouvons nier l’impact de l’histoire conceptionnelle sur la construction du sujet, ils ont révélé aussi que nous ne pouvions faire l’économie de penser l’influence du vécu maternel de cette histoire et du discours –ou du silence- qui l’entoure
This doctoral research is in the continuity of our previous ones. After having studied the investment of the unborn child following a medically assisted procreation, we were interested in the becoming parents in this context. Results have shown how the women psyche, the couple and the becoming parents are impacted by the diagnosis of infertility and then its medical care. The purpose of this doctoral thesis is to focus on the child born of infertile mother, questioning their identity construction. We decided to study, particularly, the young women born of infertile mothers across the specific mother/daughter relationship and the feminine transmission injured by the infertility. The psychical working through of the conceptional story is at the center of this research. The sparsely amount of studies, regarding children born of infertile mother, led us to conduct an explorative research on this specific topic. So we elaborated, in a psychoanalytical framework a qualitative methodology based on the conceptional narrative approach, in order to test it in this context. Thus, we questioned the impact of the conceptional story upon the process of subjectivization, the identity construction, and the narrativity. If the results show that we cannot deny the impact of conceptional story on individual construction, they also reveal that we have to take in consideration the subjective maternal experience of the infertility and its medical care, more to the point the story she tells, or not, about it

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Este estudo está vinculado à linha de pesquisa “Processos formativos, ensino e aprendizagem” do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (FCT/UNESP). Decorre das inquietações a respeito do trabalho com a produção de texto no ensino fundamental I, que tem se constituído como um dos fatores determinantes das deficiências linguísticas observadas na comunidade estudantil em geral. Os sujeitos deste estudo são alguns professores da educação fundamental da rede municipal de Presidente Prudente/SP. O objetivo geral de pesquisa foi analisar como é praticado e em que é fundamentado o ensino da produção textual nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental, a partir das respostas emitidas pelos participantes da pesquisa por meio de questionários e, posteriormente, de transcrições das aulas de um processo formativo, do qual alguns professores participaram. Os objetivos específicos foram: compreender e analisar quais são as concepções de linguagem, de texto, de alfabetização e de letramento apresentadas pelos professores sujeitos da pesquisa; descrever e analisar quais são os gêneros textuais trabalhados por esses docentes e a influência dessas escolhas no trabalho com a produção de textos; descrever um processo formativo e interpretar as possíveis contribuições que ele pode trazer aos professores, por meio de suas respostas a um questionário final, das transcrições das aulas e do um relato de uma professora participante. Para isso, contou com os seguintes procedimentos metodológicos: análise das respostas emitidas pelos participantes da pesquisa por meio de questionários, registros em caderno de anotações e transcrições das aulas de um processo formativo e análise do relato de experiência de uma das professoras participante da pesquisa. Dessa forma, a pesquisa é de base qualitativa e utiliza a análise de conteúdo. Os resultados obtidos e analisados indicam que há uma relação intrínseca entre as concepções apontadas pelos professores e o trabalho com a produção textual por eles descrito. Pode-se identificar que a concepção predominante está ligada à visão de linguagem de forma monológica, desconsiderando a interação humana e as práticas sociais. Outro apontamento importante é que o processo formativo, por ter origem nas dificuldades elencadas pelos próprios professores, contou com um maior comprometimento dos envolvidos. Além disso, é possível afirmar que o curso proporcionou a esses docentes a reflexão sobre a ação e a possibilidade de ressignificação de algumas de suas práticas.
This study is linked to the research line related to “Formative process, teaching and learning” which is part of the Postgraduate Program in Education from Science and Technology College of Universidade Estadual Paulista “Julio de Mesquita Filho” (FCT/UNESP). It arises from the concerns about the work with the text production in elementary school I, which has become one of the determining factors of the linguistic deficiencies observed in the student community in general. The subjects of this study are some teachers of the fundamental education of the municipal schools of Presidente Prudente in Sao Paulo state. The general objective of the research was to analyze how the teaching of textual production in the initial years of elementary school is practiced, based on the answers given by the participants of the research through questionnaires and later transcriptions of the classes of one formative process, where some teachers have participated. The specific objectives were to understand and analyze the language conceptions, text, literacy and literacy presented by the subject teachers of the research, describe and analyze what are the textual genres worked by these teachers and the influence of these choices in the work with the production of texts, to describe a formative process and to interpret the possible contributions that it can bring to the teachers, through their answers to a final questionnaire, of the transcripts of the classes and of an account of a participating teacher. In this way, the research is qualitative and uses content analysis. The results obtained and analyzed indicate that there is an intrinsic relation between the conceptions pointed out by the teachers and the work with the textual production described by them. One can identify that the predominant conception is linked to the monological view of language, disregarding human interaction and social practices. Another important point is that the training process, due to its origin in the difficulties listed by the teachers themselves, had a greater commitment from those involved. In addition, it is possible to affirm that the course provided to these teachers the reflection about the action and the possibility of re-signification of some of their practices.

Syftet med denna uppsats var att utveckla kunskap om integrationsproblematiken för nyanlända ungdomar på språkintroduktion i Sverige. Kvalitativa intervjuer med en narrativ utgångspunkt användes som metod för datainsamling, där fem stycken nyanlända elever på språkintroduktion intervjuades. Det centrala teoretiska begreppet vilken tillämpades som analysverktyg i denna studie, har av oss tolkats utifrån Riessman, Johansson och Ricoeurs teorier om narrativ identitet. Studien utgick ifrån frågeställningar om hur eleverna framställer språkintroduktion, språk och gemenskap, samt hur deras identiteter framträder i deras narrativ. Följande frågeställningar låg därmed till grund för uppsatsen: hur framställs elevernas relation till språkintroduktion i deras berättelser, hur framträder elevernas identiteter i berättelserna, samt vilken funktion har språk och gemenskap i elevernas berättelser? Det övergripande narrativet präglades av elevernas förväntningar, besvikelser, ambivalens och slutligen lösningar. Resultatet visade att elevernas modersmål huvudsakligen framställdes i negativa termer, då ett användande av modersmålet framför det svenska språket hämmar språkfärdigheter i svenska och skapar svårigheter att integreras i den sociala gemenskapen i samhället. Oavsett grad av social gemenskap, framkom det i denna studie att elevernas identitet som invandrare blir bestående även efter språkintroduktion. Slutligen synliggjordes en ambivalent inställning kring hur eleverna framställer språk, skola och gemenskap, vilket illustrerade fenomenens mångsidiga inverkan på elevernas tillvaro.
The purpose of this essay was to develop knowledge about integration problems for newly arrived adolescents in a language introduction program in Sweden. Qualitative interviews with a focus on narrative aspects was used as a method for data collection. Five newly arrived pupils at language introduction program were interviewed. The central theoretical concept, which has been used as a tool for analysing in this study, has been understood through theories surrounding narrative identity by Riessman, Johansson and Ricoeur. This study was based on questions regarding how students present language introduction program, language and community, and how their identities appear in their narratives. Therefore, the following questions made the foundation of this essay; how is the students’ relation to language introduction program presented in their narratives, hur does the students’ identities appear in their narratives, and what function does language and community have in their narratives? The overarching narrative was characterized by the students’ expectations, disappointments, ambivalence, and finally, solutions. The results of this study showed that the students’ mother tongue was mainly presented in negative terms. Using the mother tongue, rather than the swedish language, inhibits language skills in swedish, and thus create difficulties concerning the integration into the social community. Regardless of the level of social inclusion, this study showed that the students’ identity as immigrants remain permanent even after language introduction. Finally, an ambivalent attitude was highlighted regarding how the students describe language, school and community. This illustrates the diverse effects of the phenomena on the students’ situation.

La transmission prénatale du VIH de la mère à l’enfant est à l’origine de la majorité des infections à VIH/sida chez les nourrissons. En dépit du risque quasi omniprésent de faire naître des enfants infectés et de l’accès encore très limité aux thérapies antirétrovirales, le nombre des femmes séropositives menant leur grossesse à terme est en augmentation constante en Afrique subsaharienne. Motivée par ce constat empirique, l’étude aborde une gamme des questions juridiques et de bioéthique, pour certaines encore inédites, tiraillées entre désir légitime d’enfant (droit à l’enfant) et devoir de la société de mettre les futurs enfants à l’abri d’un handicap congénital prévisible reconnu comme incurable (droit de l’enfant). Fondamentalement, elle interroge le législateur sur la manière de saisir le risque biologique de transmission maternelle du VIH, sans rompre avec l’équilibre éthique nécessaire entre les droits et libertés fondamentaux de la femme ou mère séropositive et l’intérêt supérieur de l’enfant à naître. À partir de l’exemple du droit congolais et suivant la démarche d’information comparative, l’étude s’attache à démontrer systématiquement que face à la forte probabilité de naître avec le VIH, la protection que les droits africains actuels apportent à l’enfant est insuffisante et, à certains égards, incohérente. Pour y remédier, elle préconise un nouveau paradigme de normativité fondé sur la philosophie de la recherche d’une conciliation éthique, qui n’apparaisse pas manifestement disproportionnée, entre l’autonomie de soi de la femme ou mère séropositive sur son corps et la responsabilité de ses choix en matière de santé de la reproduction. Ainsi, grâce à ses nombreuses propositions innovantes de refonte du droit, cette étude est-elle parvenue à contribuer, significativement, à la recherche d’outils théoriques nécessaires à l’émergence de nouveaux droits africains en ordre de bataille pour des générations futures sans sida
Prenatal HIV transmission from mother to child is responsible for the majority of HIV / AIDS infections in infants. Despite the almost ubiquitous risk of infected children and still very limited access to antiretroviral therapy, the number of HIV-positive women who complete their pregnancies is increasing steadily in sub-Saharan Africa. Motivated by this empirical observation, the study tackles a range of legal and bioethical questions, some of which are still unpublished, torn between legitimate desire for children (right to the child) and society's obligation to protect future children against a predictable congenital disability recognized as incurable (right of the child). Fundamentally, it questions the legislator on how to capture the biological risk of maternal HIV transmission without breaking the necessary ethical balance between the fundamental rights and freedoms of the HIV-positive woman or mother and the best interests of the unborn child. Using the example of Congolese law and following the comparative information approach, the study seeks to systematically demonstrate that, in the face of the high probability of being born with HIV, the protection that the current African rights bring to the child is insufficient and, in some respects, incoherent. To remedy this, she advocates a new paradigm of normativity based on the philosophy of seeking an ethical reconciliation which does not appear to be manifestly disproportionate between the autonomy of the woman or mother who is HIV-positive on her body and the responsibility of its choices in reproductive health. Thus, thanks to its many innovative proposals for the revision of the law, has this study managed to contribute significantly to the search for theoretical tools necessary for the emergence of new African rights in order of battle for future generations without AIDS

This thesis focuses on the significance of blood and the perception of the body in both learned and popular culture in order to investigate problems of identity and social exclusion in early modern Europe. Starting from the view of blood as a liminal matter, manifesting fertile, positive aspects in conjunction with dangerous, negative ones, I show how it was believed to attract supernatural forces within the natural world. It could empower or pollute, restore health or waste corporeal and spiritual existence. While this theme has been studied in a medieval religious context and by anthropologists, its relevance during the early modern period has not been explored. I argue that, considering the impact of the Reformation on people’s mentalities, studying the way in which ideas regarding blood and the body changed from late medieval times to the eighteenth century can provide new insights about patterns of social and religious tensions, such as the witch-trials and persecutions. In this regard the thesis engages with anthropological theories, comparing the dialectic between blood and body with that between identity and society, demonstrating that they both spread from the conflict of life with death, leading to the social embodiment or to the rejection of an individual. A comparative approach is also employed to analyze blood symbolism in Protestant and Catholic countries, and to discuss how beliefs were influenced by both cultural similarities and religious differences. Combining historical sources, such as witches’ confessions, with appropriate examples from anthropology I also examine a corpus of popular ideas, which resisted to theological and learned notions or slowly merged with them. Blood had different meanings for different sections of society, embodying both the physical struggle for life and the spiritual value of the Christian soul. Chapters 2, 3 and 4 develop the dualism of the fluid in late medieval and early modern ritual murder accusations against Jews, European witchcraft and supernatural beliefs and in the medical and philosophical knowledge, while chapters 5 and 6 focus on blood themes in Protestant England and in Counter-Reformation Italy. Through the examination of blood in these contexts I hope to demonstrate that contrasting feelings, fears and beliefs related to dangerous or extraordinary individuals, such as Jews, witches, and Catholic saints, but also superhuman beings such as fairies, vampires and werewolves, were rooted in the perception of the body as an unstable substance, that was at the base of ethnic, religious and gender stereotypes.

Thesis (M.A.)--Indiana University, 2008.
Department of Philosophy, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI). Advisor(s): Peggy Zeglin Brand, Jason T. Eberl, Michael B. Burke. Includes vitae. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 79-84).

碩士
高雄醫學大學
行為科學研究所
88
The purpose of this study is to understand the social-psychological process of the mothers of children with development delays. The researcher collected data by observing fields of families and interviewing 10 mothers lived in south area in Taiwan. The study find: mothers of children with developmental delays carried a lot of responsibilities in this society. They struggle with traditional culture background and their family conditions. The social-psychological process of these mothers showed the steps from “perception”, “acceptance” to “accordance”. From the point of research induction method, the self-mental adjustment is implemented by two intervening factors of personal context “the obligation/sense of meaning” and “improvement of the child” which are caused by the context of the child and family, and thus is also influenced by the factor of the mother’s experience of the original family, and also forth makes the recognition of “comprehension of child''s development” and “adaptation of family development” changed. Further on, those above factors change the meaning of this mother’s experience framework, from the granted “shaping” to “dissimilation”, which poses the consciousness of problems, and even to the accustomed “recognition difference” to rehabilitate adjustment. There are three dimensions to indicate the changing process of the two conception respectively: “comprehension of child''s development” 1. the appearance of child''s characteristics, 2. the strategy of child''s care and education, 3. the use of relative professional resources. “adaptation of family development” 1. the share of work and adaptation between the roles of husband and wife, 2. the supply and distribution of economic resource, 3. the connection and interaction of family system. According to the analysis of phenomenon, the researcher poses the theoretical propositions and indicates the limitation and reflection of the meaning which can be contribute to the further research.

John Bowlby made a profound contribution to the field of early parenting with his theory of attachment. He suggested that attachment theory has universal applicability. However, it has been argued that attachment theory is based upon a Western worldview, and as such, lacks applicability in cross-cultural contexts. In light of this objection, this study aimed to examine the relevancy of attachment theory within the South African context. In order to do this, a qualitative research design, employing focus groups, was set up to explore isiZulu-speaking mothers’ constructions of infant-caregiver relationships. Participants were recruited from two Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in KwaZulu-Natal. Each participant partook in three focus groups. The focus group data was analyzed using a form of thematic analysis. The group discussion provided support for attachment theory in the South African context. However, there appeared to be some cultural variations in the ways in which the attachment relationship is carried out within this context. In particular, it appeared that isiZulu-speaking mothers employ physical touch and a rapid response style with their infants. Furthermore, evidence emerged to suggest that there are certain barriers to the attachment relationship in South Africa. Finally, this research study showed that urbanization has had an important impact on parenting. As such, from this research, it can be concluded that attachment interventions are useful in South Africa, yet these may need to occur alongside other interventions. There is also room for further research to explore understandings of attachment within broader population groups, including fathers and grandmothers.
Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2013.