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1
Jacobson, Martin. "Anarchy, State and the Political Conception of Justice." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Filosofiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-377434.
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Political theorists disagree on the origin of justice. According to the cosmopolitan conception of justice, duties of justice are pre-political and universal. According to the political conception of justice, on the other hand, full duties of justice arise within and only within the context of a political community. Which one of these conceptions one adopts will have a comprehensive impact on ethical issues concerning global justice, such as migration ethics and foreign assistance. In this paper I argue that the political conception is problematic, since it cannot be applied in cases of anarchy. Since anarchic societies are not politically organized, the political conception implies that they are not bound by full duties of justice. Thus, the political conception is unable to criticize some rival theories of justice, such as anarchistic libertarianism, for being unjust. Reversely, if one does find anarchic societies unjust, this intuition speaks against the political conception of justice, but in favor of the cosmopolitan conception. I illustrate my argument by applying it in the case of liberal egalitarianism.
2
Manea, Simona Florina. "A critique of the anthropomorphic conception of the state : the Romanian state as a relational, network and emergent actor." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2008. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2327/.
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The present thesis is premised on the claim that that there is an inescapable arrangement of the discipline around the concept of the state. IR theories, from rationalist to constructivist ones, dispute to different degrees the ontological and/or analytical utility of the concept. Yet none of them reject the assumptions of corporate agency (based on the assumption of personhood) when discussing the state as an agent internationally. This thesis advances the view that assumptions about the properties of biological kinds, such as unchangeable features, well-determined boundaries and unitary intentionality and agency, cannot be transferred to social kinds such as states. It constitutes a rejection of the essentialising and reifying moves characterising IR theories, while still arguing there are such things as structurally complex actors, and that the state is one of them. The thesis proposes a conception of the state as a relational, network and emergent actor. It argues that a combination between the relational ontology of networks with the emergent and nonlinear assumptions of complexity science constitute the basis for such a conception of the state. Specifically, the framework can account for the relationship between individual and state agency without collapsing the two analytical and ontological objects. It proposes a view of state agency as differentiated depending on the type of relationships within networks engaged in the constitution of the state. In this light, state agency is regarded as non-unitary and relational. Based on such a framework, the illustrative cases challenge the manner in which historical data has been put to work to explain the construction of the Romanian state in relation to specific historical events: i.e. the coup and change of regime after 1944; and within a specific period of modernity: i.e. from the 1960s to mid- 1980s. The analysis demonstrates that the Romanian state is more than the sum of powerful individuals, yet not a static entity with a clear distinction between its inside and outside. It also shows that, even for the personalistic dictatorship years (1960s - 1980s), overlapping and contradictory social relations and practices simultaneously constitute the state and state agency. This demonstration aims to reinforce the broader claim about the applicability of the framework across a range of types of states (in this case, totalitarian modern states) whilst allowing specific historical analysis of their constitution and agentic potentialities.
3
Apar, Altan. "A Constructivist Criticism Of Neo-realist Conception Of." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12611013/index.pdf.
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The thesis makes a constructivist criticism of neo-realism&rsquos particular conceptualization of state through a comparative analysis of Turkey&rsquo
s five motions (2003-2007) on military involvement in Iraq. Firstly, neo-realism and constructivism with regards to the concept of state are explored. Then, through the lights of the theoretical discussion, Turkey&rsquo
s five military motions are examined. In the case study, parliamentary minutes are used as the primary historical evidences. In the parliamentary discussions, three themes appeared significant-&ldquo
institutional identity&rdquo
, &ldquo
legitimacy&rdquo
and &ldquo
interest&rdquo
- which provided the ground for a constructivist criticism of neo-realist understanding of state. These three themes obtained from the discussions are tapped under four major topics which have been the main issues for the constructivists: &ldquo
agency&rdquo
, &ldquo
norms&rdquo
, &ldquo
identity&rdquo
and &ldquo
interest&rdquo
. Thesis argues that foreign policy behavior is a political product and &ldquo
state&rdquo
is a social actor whose behavior can only be understood from the social, cultural and historical context in which the state-society relations are embedded. Hence, for the purpose of making a structural analysis, separation of the domestic and the international realm of state is a fallacy with which neo-realism is badly plagued. Constructivism, on the other hand, has the potential to bridge this gap and understand the foreign policy behavior of states more accurately since it gives credence to the inner diversity of states through problematizing the ideational elements in foreign policy making and in international politics.
4
Prug, Toni. "Hacking the economy and the state : towards an egalitarian and participatory conception of production and allocation." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2014. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/9095.
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This research starts with hackers’ communities, focusing on open processes as the key to volunteer driven cooperation. While theoretically hackers’ communities allow contributions “from each according to their ability”, I argue the inequalities continuously reproduced by capitalism hinder developments towards such production by placing socially created limits on allocation, understood as “to everyone according to their needs”. My thesis is the following: workers’ struggles and political organizations have made decisive contributions to the construction of another form of wealth creation. We can see examples of this in socialist states and in the public sector in capitalist states, where production and allocated occurs primarily to meet needs. I call this the egalitarian mode of production. Two modes, two standpoints – the capitalist and the egalitarian one – struggle to expand against each other: while the public sector introduces products to meet needs directly, capital strives to privatize everything it can – using commodities and markets. For capital, commodities are necessary for the realization of surplus value. For workers, it is provision according to needs, the outcomes, and the growth of equality, where wealth is realized. Aiming towards the full development of human capacities of all, from this developmental-egalitarian perspective, I propose to broaden the category of those who work to include: future workers (children, youth, students), former workers (pensioners, the elderly), the informal (household labourers, care workers), formal unwaged workers (interns, volunteers) and those deprived of an opportunity to work (the disabled, unemployed, and undocumented migrants). Building on the work of Michael Lebowitz and engaging with national accounting, instead of a narrow focus on commodities allocated via markets and according to an individual’s ability to pay, my field of study includes a wide variety of products that workers consume.
5
Trönnberg, Frida. "State Regulation of Anti-Democratic Parties : A Comparative Study of Germany, Spain and Sweden." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Statsvetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-98267.
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The aim of this thesis is to study state regulation of anti-democratic parties, i.e. party regulation. The term ‘Party regulation’ refers to laws that may regulate the activities and behavior of political parties. This thesis uses a comparative method, conducted on three European countries which regulate anti-democratic parties differently. The cases studied are Germany, Spain and Sweden.The basis for understanding state regulation of anti-democratic parties rests on a historical institutionalist perspective along with theories of democratic tolerance. The analysis reveals that states regulate anti-democratic parties differently as a result of their historical past which has made them adopt different ideas of how political parties should be seen. Further, the analysis shows that there is no connection between the party regulation adopted and the effect it has on the anti-democratic parties.
6
Sevez, Guillaume. "Conception, synthèse et étude de nouveaux switches multimodulables." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR13938/document.
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Les switches multimodulables sont des systèmes qui, sous l'action d'un ou de plusieurs stimuli extérieurs, donnent naissance à un ensemble d'états aux propriétés physico-chimiques différentes. Au cours de cette thèse, plusieurs voies de synthèse permettant l'obtention d'une nouvelle famille de biphotochromes organiques constitués d'un dithiényléthène relié à une indolino[2,1-b]oxazolidine ont été mises au point. Les dithiényléthènes préparés présentent d'excellentes performances photochromiques et s'interconvertissent de façon réversible entre deux états stables thermiquement. Les 10-styryl-indolino[2,1-b]oxazolidines sont des molécules acidochromiques et doublement photochromiques par ouverture du cycle oxazolidine ou isomérisation de la double liaison. Ce système moléculaire compte jusqu'à huit états multicolores aux propriétés physico-chimiques différentes, accessibles par irradiations lumineuses et variation de l'acidité. Les propriétés ont été étudiées en solution et en matrice polymère, tous les états des biphotochromes étant caractérisés par spectroscopie d'absorption électronique et RMN. Cette thèse a été l'occasion de développer le premier système multimodulable incorporant huit états différents au sein d'une même moléculeMulti-addressable switches are systems that give rise to a set of states with different physical-chemical properties upon the effect at least one external stimulus. During this thesis, several synthetic routes to a new family of organic biphotochromes composed of a dithienylethene linked to an indolino[2,1-b]oxazolidine have been developed. Synthesized dithienylethenes exhibit excellent photochromic properties and can be reversibly photoswitched between two thermally stable states. 10-styryl-indolino[2,1-b]oxazolidines are acidochromic molecules and photochromic by opening of the oxazolidine ring or cis/trans isomerization of the double bond. This molecular system exhibits up to eight multicoloured states with different physical-chemical properties, interchangeable by different sequences of light irradiation and pH variation steps. Properties were studied in solution and in a polymer matrix and all biphotochromes states have been characterised by electronic absorption spectroscopy and NMR. Additionally, the first multi-addressable system incorporating eight different states within the same molecule is described
7
Xiao, Lei. "Conception de systèmes de communication sans fils avec connaissance imparfaite du canal." Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENST0054/document.
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Dans la première partie de la thèse, on se concentre sur la conception d'un système de communication par satellite complet se basant sur la construction de faisceaux adaptatifs aux terminaux mobiles. Comparé à la construction classique de faisceaux fixes, le système à faisceaux adaptatifs peut considérablement améliorer la capacité du système en termes du nombre de STs desservies et de l'efficacité énergétique. Pour la conception du système à faisceaux adaptatifs, les informations sur l'état de canal (CSI) sont essentielles. Vu que le temps de propagation est trop long par rapport au temps de cohérence du canal, le CSI instantané est déjà périmé lorsqu'il est reçu pour la construction des faisceaux. Cependant, une partie de l'information du canal, plus particulièrement, les vecteurs de directivité ont une variation assez lente. On utilise cette connaissance partielle du CSI pour concevoir le système à base de faisceaux adaptatifs. Afin d'estimer les vecteurs de directivité, on propose un algorithme basé sur un critère de minimisation de l'erreur quadratique. Puis, basées sur l'estimation des vecteurs de directivité, on présente deux approches heuristiques pour la conception des faisceaux. En outre, on propose également deux approches qui reposent sur l'estimation de la directivité pour la détection des STs et la résolution possible des collisions sur le canal d'accès aléatoire au satellite. Comme la performance du système SDMA dépend fortement des positions spatiales des STs co-existants, on propose deux algorithmes de faible complexité pour l'attribution des fréquences dans le système de communication par satelliteIn the first part of the thesis, we focus on the design of a complete satellite communication system adopting adaptive beamforming with mobile satellite terminals. Compared with conventional fixed beamforming, adaptive beamforming can signi_cantly improve the capacity of a satellite system in terms of served satellite terminals (ST) and power e_ciency. For the design of an adaptive beamforming system, channel state information (CSI) is critical. Since the propagation delay is too long compared to the coherence time of the channel, the instantaneous CSI is already stale when processed for beamforming. However, some parts of the channel, more speci_cally, directivity vectors change quite slowly. We utilize this partial knowledge of CSI to design an adaptive beamforming system. In order to estimate the directivity vectors, we propose an algorithm based on a least square error criterion. Then, based on the estimation of directivity vectors, we propose two heuristics approaches to the design of adaptive beamforming. Additionally, we also propose two approaches, based on directivity estimation for the detection of transmitting terminals and the possible resolution of collisions in the random access channel of the satellite system. Since SDMA system performance depends strongly on the spatial locations of co-existing terminals, we also propose two low complexity algorithms for frequency allocation in a satellite communication system. Finally, we simulate a complete satellite system, including a random access channel and a connection-oriented channel. We analyze the system performance and compare it to conventional fixed beamforming systems
8
Leon, Alexandre. "Commutateurs RF à base de matériaux à changement d’état : conception, caractérisation et application." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAT127.
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Pour faire face à la complexité croissante des systèmes de télécommunications sans fil, il est nécessaire de développer des systèmes RF (Radiofréquence) plus performants et agiles. Dans ce contexte, des matériaux à changement d’état, ou SCM (State Change Material), déjà utilisés dans le développement des futures générations de mémoires non-volatiles (PCRAM, CBRAM), ont récemment été évalués pour réaliser des commutateurs RF. Parmi ces SCM, les PCM (matériaux à changement de phase) semblent ainsi être une solution particulièrement attractive pour réaliser des composants RF permettant l’obtention de circuits reconfigurables, rapides, miniatures et intégrables sur des circuits CMOS.En lien avec la stratégie du LETI / DCOS (Département COmposants Silicium) et en s’appuyant sur une analyse fine de la physique des matériaux à changement d’état, la thèse aura pour objectif de développer une nouvelle filière technologique de composants RF en rupture à base de SCM qui permettront de concevoir de nouvelles architectures de circuits RF innovants et reconfigurablesAs wireless telecommunication systems complexity continues to increase, there is a need to develop RF systems with higher performances and agility. In this context, SCM (State Change Material), already used to develop the next generation of non-volatile memory (PCRAM, CBRAM), were recently evaluated to realize RF switches. Among these SCM, PCM (Phase Change Material) are an attractive option to realize miniature and high speed reconfigurable RF components that could be easily integrated with CMOS circuits.In line with the LETI / DCOS (Silicon Components Division) strategy, PhD will aim to develop a disruptive RF components technology based on SCM that will allow designing innovative and reconfigurable FEM (Front End Module) circuits
9
Mohomed, Carimo. "Islamic reformism in India between 1857 and 1947: the conception of state in Chiragh ‘Ali, Muhammad Iqbal and Sayyid Abu’l ‘Ala Mawdudi." Doctoral thesis, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/7876.
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Tese apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Doutor em
Ciência Política, especialidade de Teoria e Análise Política.Entre 1857, ano da Revolta dos Cipaios e consequente ocupação definitiva da Índia pelos Britânicos, causando o fim do poder político muçulmano, e 1947, data da sua independência e Partição em dois Estados, União Indiana e Paquistão, o subcontinente indiano sofreu grandes transformações. Esta foi uma época rica em pensamento reformista islâmico, dando origem a um intenso debate que ultrapassou as suas fronteiras geográficas e antecipou questões posteriores que ainda hoje se colocam: condição das mulheres, papel da religião na política ou o fim do califado. A importância do estudo do Islão em contexto indiano advém do facto de um terço dos muçulmanos existentes hoje em dia no Mundo viverem nessa região e do facto de, no período agora em estudo, o império britânico ter sido a entidade política com mais muçulmanos precisamente porque a Índia estava sob administração da Grã-Bretanha. Por outro lado, no ano de 2007, que assinalou precisamente os 60 anos da Independência da União Indiana e Paquistão, bem como os 150 anos da Revolta dos Cipaios, houve quem considerasse que os Britânicos deveriam ter restituído aos muçulmanos, em 1947, o poder que lhes tinha sido retirado em 1857.
10
Meadocroft, James Robert. "Conceptions of the state in British political thought 1880-1914." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314956.
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11
Eriksson, Kai Teppo. "Signs and signals : the conception of communication in U.S. telecommunications rhetoric." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2001. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1630/.
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The thesis at hand will investigate communication and its changing conditions with respect to the thinking of the political community in the United States. The central aim is to deliberate upon the relationship between communication and specific telecommunication systems during the period ranging from the telegraph to computer networks. Together with related discourses and practices, systems of communication have formed an environment wherein "communication" as such has become thought about. That is, taken as both the object and the means of administrative practices, communication has come to be regarded as communication. It is in these practices that the inherent relationship between communication and control can be found, which makes them the main focus for an administrative history of communication and a history of the administration of communication. Thus, we will analyze the relationship between historical forms of communication and the ontology of communication to the extent that this relationship is built up through socially institutionalized communication systems and related discourses.
12
Zwingmann, Xavier. "Modèle d’évaluation de la fiabilité et de la maintenabilité au stade de la conception." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2005/ZWINGMANN_Xavier_2005.pdf.
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Un produit est généralement défini à partir d’un cahier des charges qui décrit ses caractéristiques en termes de performances, fiabilité, qualité, etc. La plupart des caractéristiques exigeant d’être validées expérimentalement sont évaluées a posteriori de la conception à l’aide d’essais sur des prototypes physiques. Ce processus engendre des coûts importants, prend du temps et peut conduire à des modifications majeures, surtout si elles interviennent tardivement. Cette thèse vise la prise en compte de la fiabilité et de la maintenabilité au stade de la conception ainsi que le développement d’outils permettant la validation des objectifs de conception et la comparaison de plusieurs alternatives. Elle répond ainsi à une problématique importante de l’industrie (prolongement de la durée de vie, développement durable) et à l’enrichissement des outils de conception actuels. La démarche de validation classique consiste à reproduire les conditions d’utilisation pour tester un échantillon de prototypes physiques. Dans cette thèse, nous définissons l’évaluation des caractéristiques d’un produit au moyen de prototypes virtuels élaborés à partir du modèle CAO établi par le concepteur. Tout d’abord, le prototype virtuel généré doit être représentatif de la réalité. Pour cela, nous identifions les facteurs qui influencent la caractéristique étudiée. Puis, le processus de test doit être défini. Nous avons développé, dans le cas de la fiabilité, un outil spécifique basé sur l’approche contrainte/résistance ainsi que sur les séries de Taylor. En ce qui concerne la maintenabilité, des indicateurs et un algorithme de désassemblage ont été mis en place pour quantifier les différents critères. Ces outils ont été implémentés dans une approche de conception intégrée (FSC) puis validés sur un cas réel. Ils permettent la comparaison relative des caractéristiques de plusieurs alternatives à partir de leurs représentations CAO. À terme, nous envisageons une évaluation absolue des caractéristiques, ce qui permettrait de valider directement les objectifs de conception, diminuant alors significativement le recours aux prototypes physiques.
13
Tortochot, Éric. "Pour une didactique de la conception. Les étudiants en design et les formes d'énonciation de la conception." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3013.
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L'activité de conception peut être analysée grâce aux signes produits par les sujets concepteurs et par le discours qu'ils tiennent sur les nouveaux modèles d'artéfacts désirés qui en résultent. L'analyse psycho-sémiologique de l'activité d'étudiants en Master professionnel de design montre deux processus. D'une part, pour résoudre les problèmes abordés, les étudiants rendent compte seuls régulièrement de leur activité en énonçant par divers instruments de représentations les différentes tâches accomplies. D'autre part, pour élaborer les différents modèles d'artéfacts, ils falsifient les contraintes que les enseignants leurs imposent plus ou moins avec insistance. Parce qu'ils communiquent sur le travail qu'ils réalisent et parce qu'ils dialoguent avec des interlocuteurs, les étudiants prennent conscience de l'activité de conception en train de se faire. C'est aussi de cette façon qu'ils organisent des métaconnaissances, des valeurs, des habiletés, c'est-à-dire une compétence de conception. Cette compétence est fondée non pas seulement sur la reproduction d'héritages conceptuels et méthodologiques, sur des routines ou sur des habitudes, mais sur de véritables dispositions à remettre en cause les héritages par des stratégies opportunistes. Réfléchir sur une didactique de la conception, c'est retenir que les étudiants constituent eux-mêmes, aidés par les enseignants, un renouvellement de l'activité professionnelle de conception. Cette thèse tente de montrer qu'une didactique de la conception, afin d'être formalisée, doit prendre en compte le processus d'énonciation comme activité cognitive indispensable à l'acquisition d'une compétence de conceptionDesign activity can be analyzed through the signs produced by design developers and their discourse on the new models of artifacts they wished to develop. Psycho-semiotic analysis of student activity in Professional Master of Design shows two processes. First, to solve problems, students report regularly and alone their activities with statements of the different tasks using various representation instruments. Second, to develop different models of artifacts, they falsify the constraints the teachers required with more or less insistence. As students communicate about their work and interact with many people they become aware of their ongoing design activity and organize metaknowledge, values, skills, meaning design abilities. All these acquired abilities are not only based upon the reproduction of conceptual and methodological legacies, routines or habits, but on real inclinations to challenge these legacies using opportunistic strategies. To think about design didactics allows us to understand that students, assisted by teachers, induce themselves a renewal of the design activity. This thesis is an attempt to show that a design didactics, to be formalized, requires taking into account the statement process as an essential cognitive activity for the acquisition of design skills
14
Szennai, Tomáš. "Vliv energetické politiky na konkurenceschopnost České republiky." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-124616.
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This final thesis addresses the issue of influence of energy policy on competitiveness of the Czech Republic. First part analyzes possible risks entailed by movements of prices of energy commodities on global markets. Subsequently, it offers specification of local resources, production and demand for such commodities and possible measures at disposal of the governmental bodies, which could be used to mitigate any negative impacts of adverse development on the market. Secondly, field of power engineering in the Czech Republic is focused on. Main local characteristics are offered and predictions based on respective strategic documents are evaluated with regard to final price of electricity. Lastly, issue of energy security is covered.
15
Castillo, Garcia Lorenzo. "Développement d’un outil de simulation dynamique pour la conception d’une solution de climatisation solaire réversible." Thesis, Pau, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PAUU3003/document.
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Cette thèse s’inscrit dans le cadre du projet SCRIB (“dispositif Solaire de Climatisation Réversible Intégré au Bâti”) porté par la société Helioclim. Ce projet est financé par l’état français dans le cadre des « Investissements d’avenir » pilotés par l’ADEME (Agence de l’Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l’Energie). Le but de ce projet est de développer une solution de climatisation solaire réversible capable de répondre à l’ensemble des besoins thermiques des bâtiments industriels et tertiaires (climatisation, chauffage, production de froid industriel, eau chaude sanitaire). Le système est constitué d’une machine à absorption réversible, alimentée par un système de capteurs solaires innovants. Le cycle de la machine à absorption est en configuration GAX (Generator-Absorber heat eXchange – échange de chaleur entre le générateur et l’absorbeur).Ce travail de thèse s’est intéressé au développement d’un outil logiciel aidant à la conception et au contrôle d’une telle machine. Un modèle de connaissance prenant en compte les paramètres de fonctionnement et de dimensionnement a été ainsi mis en œuvre. L’originalité de ce travail repose sur les points suivants :- L’outil logiciel propose plusieurs modules qui permettent de simuler différentes configurations de machine à absorption (mono ou multi-étagée).- Les propriétés thermodynamiques des mélanges ont été modélisées à l’aide de modèles basés sur l’utilisation d’une équation d’état ou d’un modèle d’enthalpie libre d’excès. Ainsi, le couple fluide pourra être facilement changé.- Un modèle de « Flash Positif » permet de prédire l’état de chaque courant (liquide sous-refroidi, liquide-vapeur ou vapeur surchauffée) sans poser d’hypothèses a priori. Chaque courant est considéré multiconstituant.- Les bilans matière et d’énergie sont écrits pour les différents appareils (évaporateur, absorbeur, détenteur,…).- Le générateur est modélisé par un empilement d’étages théoriques. Les équations MESH (Mass balance, Equilibrium, Summation, Heat balance) ont été écrites pour chaque étage.- Les inerties thermiques et de matière sont prises en compte.Les résultats de simulation obtenus à l’aide de cet outil logiciel ont été comparés avec succès à une étude publiée qui concernait un cycle GAX fonctionnant avec le couple ammoniac/eau. A l’aide de cet outil, le régime permanent et le comportement dynamique du système soumis à une perturbation peuvent être simulés, ce qui peut constituer une aide importante dans le développement de la politique de contrôle du systèmeThis PhD thesis was carried on in the framework of the SCRIB project (“dispositif Solaire de Climatisation Réversible Intégré au Bâti”) led by the Helioclim company. This project is funded by the French government (“Investissements d’Avenir” operated by the French Agency for Energy and Environment, ADEME). The goal of this project is to develop a reversible solar cooling system which can respond to a set of thermal requirements in industrial and tertiary building sector (cooling system, heating system, industrial cooling system and domestic hot water). Thus an ammonia/water absorption chiller prototype, powered by innovative thermal solar concentrators, has been built. This absorption chiller has a GAX (Generator-Absorber heat eXchange) configuration.This PhD work focused on the development of a support tool for the conception and the control of such device. A software tool has been developed implementing knowledge-based model, which took into account the operating and design parameters of the absorption chiller. The key originalities of the proposed work are as follows:- The software has been designed in a modular way allowing the simulation of various absorption chiller configurations (single or multi-stage).- The thermodynamic properties of the mixture have been modeled by equation of state or excess Gibb’s energy model. The working fluids can then be changed easily.- A “Positive Flash” model allows the description of all the possible states (sub-cooled, super-heated, biphasic…) of the various streams which are all considered as multicomponent mixtures, without a priori assumptions.- The various devices (evaporator, absorber, valves, etc.) are modeled from balance equations (mass, energy). - The generator is modeled using the concept of theoretical plates. MESH equations (Mass balance, Equilibrium, Summation, Heat balance) have been written for each stage.- Both thermal and material inertia are considered.Simulation results obtained with this software have been successfully compared to an earlier published experimental study for a GAX configuration absorption chiller which used ammonia/water as working fluids. Thanks to this tool, the steady state and the transient behavior of the system submitted to a perturbation can be simulated, which can be helpful for the development of the control policy of the absorption chiller
16
Lepeltová, Radka. "Energetická koncepce ČR -- uhlí jako nejvýznamnější domácí energetický zdroj." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-9251.
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The state energy conception sets the direction in energy industry and outlines main instruments and trends in this area. The priority of the state energy conception is to reach energy security of the country, which can be ensured by more energy resources of the fuel mix. The main component of the domestic energy mix is brown coal, which is mostly used in brown coal electric works for generating electric energy and heat. Coal mining is and was one of the main elements of Czech Republic's national industry, but there are also negative ecological impacts connected with coal winning. Further coal mining is restricted by so-called territorial ecological limits for brown coal mining that protect the environment and community against the mining consequences. Many of the brown coal supplies can, however, also in future represent an important energy resource, which will enable security, production independence and price availability of energy. At work is further explanation of the limits and progress of breaking the limits. Other energy resources are nuclear energy and renewable energy resources, whose importance rises and which contribute to a balanced energy mix.
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Methni, Amira. "Méthode de conception de logiciel système critique couplée à une démarche de vérification formelle." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CNAM1057/document.
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Avec l'évolution des technologies, la complexité des systèmes informatiques ne cesse de s'accroître. Parmi ces systèmes, on retrouve les logiciels critiques qui doivent offrir une garantie de sûreté de fonctionnement qui s'avère crucial et pour lesquels un dysfonctionnement peut avoir des conséquences graves. Les méthodes formelles fournissent des outils permettant de garantir mathématiquement l'absence de certaines erreurs. Ces méthodes sont indispensables pour assurer les plus hauts niveaux de sûreté. Mais l'application de ces méthodes sur un code système bas niveau se heurte à des difficultés d'ordre pratique et théorique. Les principales difficultés concernent la prise en compte des aspects bas niveau, comme les pointeurs et les interactions avec le matériel spécifique. De plus, le fait que ces systèmes soient concurrents conduit à une augmentation exponentielle du nombre de comportements possibles, ce qui rend plus difficile leur vérification. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons une méthodologie pour la spécification et la vérification par model-checking de ce type de systèmes, en particulier, ceux implémentés en C. Cette méthodologie est basée sur la traduction de la sémantique de C en TLA+, un langage de spécification formel adapté à la modélisation de systèmes concurrents. Nous avons proposé un modèle de mémoire et d'exécution d'un programme C séquentiel en TLA+. En se basant sur ce modèle, nous avons proposé un ensemble de règles de traduction d'un code C en TLA+ que nous avons implémenté dans un outil, appelé C2TLA+. Nous avons montré comment ce modèle peut s'étendre pour modéliser les programmes C concurrents et gérer la synchronisation entre plusieurs processus ainsi que leur ordonnancement. Pour réduire la complexité du model-checking, nous avons proposé une technique permettant de réduire significativement la complexité de la vérification. Cette réduction consiste pour un code C à agglomérer une suite d'instructions lors de la génération du code TLA+, sous réserve d'un ensemble de conditions.Nous avons appliqué la méthodologie proposée dans cette thèse sur un cas d'étude réel issu de l'implémentation d'un micronoyau industriel,sur lequel nous avons vérifié un ensemble de propriétés fonctionnelles. L'application de la réduction a permis de réduire considérablement le temps de la vérification, ce qui la rend utilisable en pratique.Les résultats ont permis d'étudier le comportement du système, de vérifier certaines propriétés et de trouver des bugs indétectables par des simples testsSoftware systems are critical and complex. In order to guarantee their correctness, the use of formal methodsis important. These methods can be defined as mathematically based techniques, languages and tools for specifying and reasoning about systems. But, the application of formal methods to software systems, implemented in C, is challenging due to the presence of pointers, pointer arithmetic andinteraction with hardware. Moreover, software systems are often concurrent, making the verification process infeasible. This work provides a methodology to specify and verify C software systems usingmodel-checking technique. The proposed methodology is based on translating the semantics of Cinto TLA+, a formal specification language for reasoning about concurrent and reactive systems. We define a memory and execution model for a sequential program and a set of translation rules from C to TLA+ that we developed in a tool called C2TLA+. Based on this model, we show that it can be extended to support concurrency, synchronization primitives and process scheduling. Although model-checking is an efficient and automatic technique, it faces the state explosion problem when the system becomes large. To overcome this problem, we propose a state-space reduction technique. The latter is based on agglomerating a set of C instructions during the generation phase of the TLA+ specification. This methodology has been applied to a concrete case study, a microkernel of an industrial real-time operating system, on which a set of functional properties has been verified. The application of the agglomeration technique to the case study shows the usefulness of the proposed technique in reducing the complexity of verification. The obtained results allow us to study the behavior of the system and to find errors undetectable using traditional testing techniques
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Dang, Quoc-Viet. "Conception et commande d'une interface haptique à retour d'effort pour la CAO." Phd thesis, Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambresis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00985356.
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Les interfaces haptiques à retour d'effort sont des dispositifs robotiques capables deproduire des forces à destination de l'utilisateur en téléopération et en réalité virtuelle. L'utilisation d'interface à retour d'effort en Conception Assistée par Ordinateur (CAO) offre de nouvelles perspectives pour la création et la conception de formes 3D grâce à une interactivité à la fois visuelle et kinesthésique. Elles permettent à la fois de visualiser, de manipuler en temps réel des objets virtuels et d'en ressentir les efforts (liés aux contacts, à la déformation, etc.).Les travaux présentés dans cette thèse contribuent au développement d'interfaces àretour d'effort pour répondre au mieux aux besoins de la CAO. Dans ce mémoire, l'accent est placé sur la problématique de la stabilité et son exploitation pour la commande de l'interface mais aussi pour la conception électromécanique. L'ensemble des travaux porte sur une interface à un degré de liberté.Dans un premier temps, différents facteurs liés au système mécanique (amortissement, modes vibratoires) et à l'environnement virtuel (échantillonnage, retard. . .) agissant sur la stabilité d'une interface sont mis en évidence à l'aide de critères fréquentiels. Ensuite, la conception d'une interface (choix et dimensionnement des composants) est ramenée sous forme d'un problème d'optimisation incluant une contrainte liée à la stabilité (en termes de domaine d'utilisation) et un critère de maximisation de la transparence (en termesd'inertie du dispositif).Dans un second temps, l'architecture de commande des dispositifs haptiques est étudiée. À l'aide d'une nouvelle condition de stabilité asymptotique pour les systèmes en temps discret à retard variable et en utilisant un observateur d'état augmenté comme alternative à l'utilisation standard de la méthode des différences finies arrières, la synthèse d'une nouvelle architecture de commande est proposée.La dernière partie du mémoire aborde la description du banc d'essai expérimental développé pendant le travail de thèse ainsi que les résultats des tests réalisés.
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Simatic, Jean. "Flot de conception pour l'ultra faible consommation : échantillonnage non-uniforme et électronique asynchrone." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAT084/document.
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Les systèmes intégrés sont souvent des systèmes hétérogènes avec des contraintes fortes de consommation électrique. Ils embarquent aujourd'hui des actionneurs, des capteurs et des unités pour le traitement du signal. Afin de limiter l'énergie consommée, ils peuvent tirer profit des techniques évènementielles que sont l'échantillonnage non uniforme et l'électronique asynchrone. En effet, elles permettent de réduire drastiquement la quantité de données échantillonnées pour de nombreuses classes de signaux et de diminuer l'activité. Pour aider les concepteurs à développer rapidement des plateformes exploitant ces deux techniques évènementielles, nous avons élaboré un flot de conception nommé ALPS. Il propose un environnement permettant de déterminer et de simuler au niveau algorithmique le schéma d'échantillonnage et les traitements associés afin de sélectionner les plus efficients en fonction de l'application ciblée. ALPS génère directement le convertisseur analogique/numérique à partir des paramètres d'échantillonnage choisis. L'élaboration de la partie de traitement s'appuie quant à elle sur un outil de synthèse de haut niveau synchrone et une méthode de désynchronisation exploitant des protocoles asynchrones spécifiques, capables d'optimiser la surface et la consommation du circuit. Enfin, des simulations au niveau porteslogiques permettent d'analyser et de valider l'énergie consommée avant de poursuivre par un flot classique de placement et routage. Les évaluations conduites montrent une réduction d'un facteur 3 à 8 de la consommation des circuits automatiquement générés. Le flot ALPS permet à un concepteur non-spécialiste de se concentrer sur l'optimisation de l'échantillonnage et de l'algorithme en fonction de l'application et de potentiellement réduire d'un ou plusieurs ordres de grandeur la consommation du circuitIntegrated systems are mainly heterogeneous systems with strong powerconsumption constraints. They embed actuators, sensors and signalprocessing units. To limit the energy consumption, they can exploitevent-based techniques, namely non-uniform sampling and asynchronouscircuits. Indeed, they allow cutting drastically the amount of sampleddata for many types of signals and reducing the system activity. To helpdesigners in quickly developing platforms that exploit those event-basedtechniques, we elaborated a design framework called ALPS. It proposes anenvironment to determine and simulate at algorithmic level the samplingscheme and the associated processing in order to select the mostefficient ones depending on the targetted application. ALPS generatesdirectly the analog-to-digital converter based on the chosen samplingparameters. The elaboration of the processing unit uses a synchronoushigh-level synthesis tool and a desynchronization method that exploitsspecific asynchronous protocols to optimize the circuit area and powerconsumption. Finally, gate-level simulations allow analyzing andvalidating the energy consumption before continuing with a standardplacement and routing flow. The conducted evaluations show a reductionfactor of 3 to 8 of the consumption of the automatically generatedcirctuis. The flow ALPS allow non-specialists to concentrate on theoptimization of the sampling and the processing in function of theirapplication and to reduice the circuit power consumptions by one toseveral orders of magnitude
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Prieur, Florent Marcel. "Dompter une ville en colère : Genèse, conception et mise en œuvre de la police d’État de Lyon 1800-1870." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO20076.
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La loi du 19 juin 1851 qui étatise la police de Lyon marque une rupture majeure dans l’histoire du maintien de l’ordre en France. Depuis la Révolution française, les maires ont en effet été chargés de la police dans toutes les communes françaises, Paris exceptée. À partir de 1851, Lyon fait donc figure d’exception. Parce qu’elle s’est signalée par ses colères récurrentes depuis la fin du XVIIIe siècle, qu’elle est considérée comme la capitale du sud-est de la France et que sa population apparaît unanimement comme rétive à toute forme de domination, elle passe pour une cité rebelle. Dans le contexte d’un « Printemps des peuples » marqué par les soulèvements réguliers des partisans de la République démocratique et sociale, en juin 1848 puis en juin 1849, Lyon devient aux yeux des autorités, le quartier général de tous ceux qui veulent renverser l’ordre social en France voire en Europe. Or, durant cette période, la police lyonnaise donne chaque jour les preuves d’une défaillance complète face à la criminalité et à la délinquance, malgré une réorganisation générale tentée à l’automne 1848. En réaction, le pouvoir parisien place progressivement Lyon « hors du droit commun ». La ville et ses faubourgs sont d’abord privés de leurs gardes nationales en juillet 1848, lesquelles ne seront jamais réorganisées, à la différence des autres municipalités, car elles sont perçues, entre Rhône et Saône, comme peu sûres, faibles face à l’émeute et promptes à se retourner contre l’armée et la police. Le 15 juin 1849, une nouvelle insurrection éclate à Lyon. Réprimée par l’armée, elle enclenche la réforme générale de l’organisation administrative et policière de la ville et des faubourgs. Dans l’immédiat, Lyon et les cinq départements de la 6e division militaire sont placés et maintenus en état de siège. Tentée une première fois à l’automne 1849, la réforme aboutit avec la loi du 19 juin 1851. Désormais, Lyon jouit d’une police étatisée, aux mains d’un préfet du Rhône devenu préfet de police, agissant dans une nouvelle entité administrative, l’agglomération lyonnaise, qui regroupe une douzaine de communes et faubourgs. Le décret du 24 mars 1852 fait aboutir cette réforme, en supprimant le maire et en attribuant ses fonctions au préfet, en annexant les communes suburbaines et en divisant la ville en cinq arrondissements. Sur le plan policier, les services sont réorganisés jusqu’en 1854, sur la base des modèles parisien, londonien et genevois. La police d’État lyonnaise traverse le Second Empire et devient le modèle à partir duquel les polices des préfectures de plus de 40 000 habitants sont étatisées en 1855. Cette pérennité de la police d’État ne doit pourtant pas dissimuler une contestation permanente de son existence au cours des années 1860, au Corps législatif puis au Conseil général du Rhône. Les élus républicains demandent en effet la restitution à Lyon d’une municipalité élue, prélude au retour de la ville dans le « droit commun » sur le plan policier. Progressivement, la surveillance politique de l’agglomération s’avère difficile à assurer et les effectifs policiers apparaissent insuffisants. C’est néanmoins la défaite de Sedan qui aura raison de la police d’État. La République proclamée, la municipalité lyonnaise tout juste recomposée reprend immédiatement la direction du maintien de l’ordre le 4 septembre 1870The law of 19th June 1851 which establishes state control over the police of Lyon marks a major break in the history of urban policing in France. Since the French Revolution, mayors were in charged of the police in all the French municipalities, Paris excepted. From 1851, Lyon thus became an exception. Because it differenced itself by its recurring revolts since the end of the XVIIIth century, because it is considered as the capital of the southeast-part of France and because its population appeared unanimously as refusing any kind of domination, it was considered as a rebel city. During the "people’s spring" marked by the regular uprisings of the partisans of the democratic and social Republic, in June, 1848 then in June, 1849, Lyon became for the authorities, the headquarters of all those who wanted to turn upside down social order in France and even in Europe. Yet, during this period, the police of Lyon gave daily proofs of a total failure to fight criminality, in spite of a general reorganization tempted in autumn 1848.In reaction, the Parisian power gradually put Lyon "outside the common law". The city and its suburbs were firstly deprived of their national guards in July 1848, unlike the other municipalities, because its guards were perceived, between the Rhône and the Saône, as weak in front of riots and quick to turn around against the army and the police. On June 15th 1849, a new uprising burst in Lyon. Repressed by the army, it engaged the general reform of the administrative and police organization of the city and the suburbs. Lyon and the five departments of the 6th military division had immediately been are placed and maintained under state of siege. Firstly tried in autumn 1849, the reform succeeded with the law of 19th June 1851. From then on, Lyon had a state-controlled police, in the hands of the prefect of the Rhône who became a prefect of police, acting in a new administrative entity, the Lyon agglomeration, which included a dozen municipalities and suburbs. The decree of March 24th, 1852 made this reform succeed, by suppressing the mayor and by attributing its functions to the prefect, by annexing the suburban municipalities and by dividing the city into five districts. On the police plan, services were reorganized until 1854, on the basis of the models of Paris, London and Geneva.The State police of Lyon crossed the Second Empire and became the model from which the polices of the prefectures of more than 40 000 inhabitants passed under state control in 1855. Nevertheless, the State police is contested during the 1860s, in the Legislative Corps and the General Council of the Rhône. The republican asked for the restoration of an elected municipality in Lyon, seen as the first step of the return of the city in the police "common law". Gradually, political surveillance of the urban space became increasingly difficult, and the police staff seemed insufficient. Nevertheless, it was the defeat of Sedan that would mark the end of the State police. Once the Republic had been proclaimed, the municipality of Lyon just recomposed took back immediately the direction of the police on September 4th, 1870
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Kelly, Duncan John. "The state of the political : conceptions of politics and the state in the thought of Max Weber, Carl Schmitt, and Franz Neumann." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324421.
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Umpstead, Regina R. "Three essays on education law and policy state court definitions of educational adequacy ; the No Child Left Behind Act unfunded mandate debate ; and conceptions of equal education opportunity for students with disabilities under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act and the No Child Left Behind Act /." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2008.
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Van, Niekerk Guillaume Stefanus. "The effect of different intravaginal progesterone doses on the conception rate of beefmaster cows and heifers following fixed time artificial insemination." Thesis, [Bloemfontein?] : Central University of Technology, Free State, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/158.
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Thesis (M. Tech. (Agriculture)) - Central University of Technology, Free state, 2013The study was carried out to establish whether or not a decrease in the progesterone concentration of an intravaginal device used to synchronize oestrous in Beefmaster heifers and cows would lead to an increase in conception rates. The study evaluated the effect of different intravaginal progesterone device doses on the conception rates of Beefmaster cows and heifers following fixed time artificial insemination (FTAI). A total of 100 stud Beefmaster cows (Cow group) and 100 stud Beefmaster heifers (Heifer group) were used in the study. The animals were year round grazing residents of the farm Oribilaagte near the town of Vrede in the Free State province of South Africa. The Cow and Heifer groups were split into four experimental groups, respectively, and treated with either a 0.5 g, 1.0 g, 1.9 g or 1.9 g re-used intravaginal progesterone device during the spring synchronization program (P4 device insertion and 2 mg i.m. oestradiol benzoate treatment on d 0, 250 μg s.c. PGF2_ treatment on d 7, P4 device removal on d 8, 1 mg i.m. oestradiol benzoate treatment on d 9, and FTAI on d 10). Blood samples were taken on the day of intravaginal insert removal (d 8), and on the day of FTAI (d 10), to monitor the blood serum P4 concentrations (solid phase RIA analysis) between the experimental groups. The experimental groups were examined for pregnancy 5 months post AI by means of rectal palpation. The Cow group recorded a pregnancy rate of 65%, 75%, 67% and 68% for the 0.5 g, 1.0 g, 1.9 g and 1.9 g re-used intravaginal progesterone device groups respectively. The Heifer group recorded a pregnancy rate of 19%, 39%, 41% and 47% for the 0.5 g, 1.0 g, 1.9 g and 1.9 g re-used intravaginal progesterone device groups respectively. The study concluded that a decrease in the progesterone concentration in the intravaginal device did not affect the serum progesterone concentrations in the Heifer and Cow groups on the day of the FTAI, and did not negatively affect the synchronization program. The study further concluded that, although a decrease in the progesterone concentration in the intravaginal device did not statistically influence the conception rates in the Heifer and Cow groups, the Cow group did record a higher numerical conception rate when the progesterone concentrations in the intravaginal devices were reduced.
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Deeb, Bassam M. "Conceptions of Governing Boards Accountability in the State of Ohio: A Case Study." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1206019159.
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Chatagnon, Nadège. "Developpement d'une methode d'evaluation de la qualite environnementale des batiments au stade de la conception." Chambéry, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999CHAMS006.
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Ce travail a pour objet le developpement d'une methode d'evaluation de la qualite environnementale des batiments, baptisee escale. Elle est concue pour les maitres d'ouvrage et les concepteurs, pour etre adaptee au processus iteratif de conception et pour fournir des resultats interpretables et comprehensibles. Escale considere des aspects environnementaux comme le confort, la sante, l'environnement a l'echelle locale, regionale et planetaire. Une structure methodologique a ete elaboree. Le projet de batiment est evalue a travers des criteres representant des points de vue d'acteurs. Nous avons retenu des criteres purement environnementaux et des criteres indirectement environnementaux. Les criteres sont structures hierarchiquement. Pour chaque critere, deux niveaux de modules d'evaluation, adaptes au niveau de detail des donnees de conception, sont definis : un module simplifie et un module detaille. L'evaluation s'effectue en deux etapes. Apres avoir determine l'indicateur associe a un critere, nous etablissons une valeur de performance comprise entre 1 et +5. Le resultat selon un critere est le resultat agrege, par somme ponderee, des niveaux d'evaluation precedents. Les criteres juges incomparables ne sont pas agreges. Nous obtenons un profil final multicritere a 24 composantes. Il peut etre decline en sous-profils afin d'expliquer les performances obtenues. Une dizaine de modules d'evaluation ont ete developpes de maniere operationnelle. Les criteres modelises sont les criteres ressources energetiques, pollutions a large echelle, pollution de l'air a l'echelle locale, ressource en eau, confort thermique, confort visuel, qualite de l'air interieur, entretien/maintenance, adaptabilite et management environnemental. Les premieres applications de la methode sur un projet reel nous ont permis de montrer sa faisabilite et de presenter quelques-unes de ses utilisations potentielles. Enfin, un prototype informatique a ete elabore.
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Burns, Barbara B. "The changing American conception of the wilderness as evidenced in the development of the national park system." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/52051.
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Throughout the development of our country attitudes toward wilderness have gradually evolved, reflecting ever changing values and concerns. While colonial man viewed wilderness with fear and distaste and believed the worth of such areas was solely dependent on the economic value of its resources, his modern counterpart has begun to realize that the absolute preservation of wilderness is desirable and necessary in order to protect important inspirational, educational and ecological values generated from these lands.
It follows that the federal agency we consider to be one of the largest holders of wilderness lands—the National Park Service—has not always employed wilderness preservation as a major criterion for national park establishment. The intent of this thesis is, thus, to trace the evolution of national attitudes toward wilderness through an examination of the development of the national park system, focusing on the types of parks created in different periods of time and the rationale used to justify park establishment.
In this investigation the national park system was divided into five peak periods of establishment. Two parks were then selected from each period for examination as representative case studies. It was found that the parks of each period tended to possess similar physical characteristics, featured objects of preservation and rationale for inclusion into the system. As the park system developed a gradual broadening of concerns was apparent. With the introduction of new rationale and featured objects of preservation from peak to peak, rarely were previous concerns displaced entirely. Thus, the overall development of the park system can be interpreted as an additive process, resulting in the representation of an entire spectrum of environmental concerns by the fifth period of park establishment.Master of Landscape Architecture
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Parkin, Kimberly H. "The Constant Wife Revisited: The Progression of a Play from Conception to the Final Stage Production." VCU Scholars Compass, 2007. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1017.
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For my thesis, I recorded the progression of my show, The Constant Wife. I discuss the conception of my original scene design as well as the changes that occurred while working with the director and other designers. Throughout the thesis, I address the problems that arose during the pre-production, what I did to rectify those situations, and what I might have done differently if given the opportunity. I have divided the thesis into the following sections Process of the Pre-Production, Execution of the Design and Evaluation of the Design. The final section of my thesis details what I learned from the events that transpired and how I can apply those lessons to future designs. Several appendixes are included that give various pieces of information that I used to develop my design as well as the majority of my research, including a larger version of the images in this paper, my drafting, and photos of the finished set. This document was created in Microsoft Word MAC.
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Ahlgrim, Carie Jo. "A Comparison Study of Children's Cognitive Understanding of Conception and Birth: England, Sweden and the United States." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2003. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/AhlgrimCJ2003.pdf.
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Bourgeon, Marie-Aure. "Conception et évaluation d'un dispositif d'imagerie multispectrale de proxidétection embarqué pour caractériser le feuillage de la vigne." Thesis, Dijon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DIJOS066/document.
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En Viticulture de Précision, l’imagerie multi-spectrale est principalement utilisée pour des dispositifs de télédétection. Ce manuscrit s’intéresse à son utilisation en proxidétection, pour la caractérisation du feuillage. Il présente un dispositif expérimental terrestre mobile composé d’un GPS, d’une caméra multi-spectrale acquérant des images visible et proche infrarouge, et d’un Greenseeker RT-100 mesurant l’indice Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Ce système observe le feuillage de la vigne dans le plan de palissage, en lumière naturelle. La parcelle étudiée comporte trois cépages (Pinot Noir, Chardonnay et Meunier) plantés en carré latin. En 2013, six jeux de données ont été acquis à différents stades phénologiques.Pour accéder aux propriétés spectrales de la végétation, il est nécessaire de calibrer les images en réflectance. Cela requiert l’utilisation d’une mire de MacBeth comme référence radiométrique. Lorsque la mire est cachée par les feuilles, les paramètres de calibration sont estimés par une interpolation linéaire en fonction des images les plus proches sur lesquelles la mire est visible. La cohérence de la méthode d’estimation employée est vérifiée par une validation croisée (LOOCV).La comparaison du NDVI fournie par le Greenseeker avec celui déterminé via les images corrigées permet de valider les données générées par le dispositif. La polyvalence du système est évaluée via les images où plusieurs indices de végétation sont déterminés. Ils permettant des suivis de croissance de la végétation originaux offrant des potentialités de phénotypage ou une caractérisation de l’état sanitaire de la végétation illustrant la polyvalence et le gain en précision de cette techniqueMutispectral imaging systems are widely used in remote sensing for Precision Viticulture. In this work, this technique was applied in the proximal sensing context to characterize vine foliage. A mobile terrestrial experimental system is presented, composed of a GPS receiver, a multi-spectral camera acquiring visible and near infrared images, and a Greenseeker RT-100 which measures the Normalized Difference Vegetative Index (NDVI). This optical system observes vine foliage in the trellis plan, in natural sunlight. The experimental field is planted with Chardonnay, Pinot Noir and Meunier cultivars in a latin squared pattern. In 2013, six datasets were acquired at various phenological stages.Spectral properties of the vegetation are accessible on images when they are calibrated in reflectance. This step requires the use of a MacBeth colorchart as a radiometric reference. When the chart is hidden by leaves, the calibration parameters are estimated by simple linear interpolation using the results from resembling images, which have a visible chart. The performance of this method is verified with a cross-validation technique (LOOCV).To validate the data provided by the experimental system, the NDVI given by the Greenseeker was compared to those computed from the calibrated images. The assessment of the versatility of the system is done with the images where several indices were determined. It allows an innovative follow-up of the vegetative growth, and offering phenotyping applications. Moreover, the characterization of the sanitary state of the foliage prove that this technique is versatile and accurate
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Novotná, Petra. "Trendy a kontexty vývoje energetického sektoru." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-10822.
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The world is nowadays dependent on energies, which become scarcer and scarcer. Petroleum reserves are shrinking and it is necessary to find new suitable substitutes. Energy consumption is increasing and energy crises are threatening the whole world. This caused price increased of all energies. Prices and consumption can decrease because of economic crisis, however when recession is over prices of energies are likely to grow again. Economic crisis can cause energy sources are predominantly located in politically unstable countries and other countries are dependent on them. National strategies on energy sector are therefore crucial. The Czech Republic with other countries consumes more energy than actually needed. Savings on energies are becoming more important. The production and consumption of energies have harmful by-products polluting the environment which is not desirable. Renewable resources are much less harmful to the environment but their consumption is still limited. Big potential could be also in nuclear energy and coal power plants with new technologies. The goal of this paper is to analyse individual indicators of energy sector of the Czech Republic and compare it internationally, set the strengths and weaknesses of this sector.
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Kelly, Gabrielle Gita. "Conceptions of disability and desert in the South African welfare state: The case of disability grant assessment." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22810.
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Disability is a universally difficult concept to define and assess for social assistance and social insurance purposes. The ways in which access to disability welfare rights are defined and allocated remain especially neglected in the Global South. This thesis examines the administration of the disability grant (DG) in South Africa, where unusually generous disability benefits exist alongside very high levels of unemployment and poverty. It focuses on the role of doctors, who must confirm that applicants for the DG are disabled, serving as gatekeepers, and thus as 'street level bureaucrats' within the South African Social Security Agency (SASSA). Observations of doctor-claimant interactions in clinics and hospitals showed that disability assessments are sites of contestation between doctors, claimants and the state over how social security rights should be allocated. Doctors struggled to balance their roles and obligations as medical professionals, gatekeepers and moral agents, in a context where issues of employability and disability are hard to separate. In the face of heavy workloads and significant pressure from claimants to recommend grants, doctors employed coping strategies that distanced and objectified patients. Despite efforts by SASSA to curb their discretion, doctors inserted their own subjective understandings of disability and deservingness into the assessment process as they interpreted and applied DG policy in their interactions with claimants - bending the rules for people they thought were 'deserving' and rigidly applying the rules in 'undeserving' cases. Variation in doctors' decision-making reflects different ways of framing disability cases. The interpretive schemas that doctors used to organise and make sense of cases were shaped by their social background and dispositions, work environment, professional and personal norms and values, and ideas about distributive justice. Framing is also an interactive process and was influenced by claimants, who brought their own agency to bear on the assessment. The concept of framing contributes to street-level bureaucracy theory by capturing the pluralism of norms and ideas that ground street-level actions, whilst allowing us to observe and explain patterns emerging in street-level decisions. It is also useful in examining the relationship and potential conflicts between professional expertise, social norms and values, and bureaucratic rules. The study also shows the need for scholars of street-level bureaucracy to consider the influence of citizen agency on policy implementation. The challenges and pressures doctors faced in categorising disability, combined with patients' misunderstanding of and resistance to these categories and related demands to be included in the system, demonstrate significant gaps in the design and application of social security and poverty alleviation policy in South Africa.
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Hart, David M. "Competing conceptions of the liberal state and the governance of technological innovation in the U.S., 1933-1953." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/127979.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Political Science, 1995.Includes bibliographical references (p. 525-569).
by David M. Hart.
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Political Science, 1995.
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Taylor, Amy Rebecca. "Students' and Teachers' Conceptions of Surface Area to Volume in Science Contexts: What Factors Influence the Understanding of the Concept of Scale?" NCSU, 2008. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-03022008-181319/.
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The National Science Education Standards emphasize teaching unifying concepts and processes such as basic functions of living organisms, the living environment, and scale (NRC, 1996). Since the relationship of surface area to volume is a pervasive concept that can be found throughout different sciences, it is important for students to not only understand the association of the two, but to also be able to apply it to various situations. The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors that influence the understanding of the concept of scale involving surface area to volume relationships. The first study reported here describes a pilot study with middle school participants in which the correlation between proportional reasoning ability and a studentâs ability to understand surface area to volume relationships was explored. The results of this study showed there was a statistically significant correlation between proportional reasoning scores and the surface area to volume posttest scores. This correlation was explored further in the second study in which middle school studentsâ, high school studentsâ, and science teachersâ abilities in proportional reasoning, visual-spatial skills, and understanding surface area to volume relationships were assessed. Regression results indicated that all participantsâ proportional reasoning and visual-spatial scores could be a possible predictor for oneâs ability to understand surface area to volume relationships. Discussion of the results is followed by implications for teaching scale concepts such as surface area to volume in the science classroom.
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Roelofs, Portia. "The Lagos Model and the politics of competing conceptions of good governance in Oyo State, Nigeria, 2011-2015." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2016. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3600/.
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In the context of international agendas to transform African States from a state of corruption to good governance, Oyo State’s transformation in 2011 provides an apparent fairy tale case study. For eight years, the state was synonymous with violence and ‘godfatherism’, but Governor Abiola Ajimobi’s election in 2011 brought the promise of transformation, in line with the Lagos Model, based on the highly celebrated example of nearby Lagos State. This thesis draws on six months of in-depth qualitative fieldwork in Ibadan, the capital of Oyo State, to show how the Lagos Model in Oyo State leveraged international conceptions of good governance to pursue a political strategy of autonomy from central government, whilst building on long-held progressive political ideas in Yorubaland. However, the Lagos Model faced competition from populist opposition, who drew on the failings of the Lagos Model to meet popular conceptions of good governance. Key themes in popular conceptions of good governance are: progress, legitimate leadership and economic benefits. This thesis analyses the tensions within the Lagos Model’s response to these themes and uses empirical material to reveal how these tensions play out in practice. The ways in which Ajimobi was required to respond to numerous competing conceptions of good governance complicates the initial theoretical framing of a binary between corruption and good governance.
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Uler, Arnilde Marta. "Avaliação da aprendizagem: um estudo sobre a produção acadêmica dos Programas de Pós-Graduação em Educação (PUCSP, USP, UNICAMP) (2000 2007)." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2010. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/9524.
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Previous issue date: 2010-08-18The objective of this study was to document and comprehend the conception of the LEARNING EVALUATION spread in the academic production of master‟s degrees in three universities: Pontificia Universidade Católica de São Paulo PUC/SP, Universidade de São Paulo USP and Universidade Estadual de Campinas UNICAMP, in the period of 2000 to 2007. The exploration of the theoretical perspective was made through the selection of authors whose studies associate to the learning evaluation or to the teacher formation such as: Nóvoa (1991), Luckesi (1993), Abramowicz (1994), Sousa (1994), Abrecht (1994), Candau (1996), Freitas (1996), Demo (1999), Perrenoud (1999), Sacristán (2000), Bonniol (2001), Cappelletti (2001), Saul (2001), Vial (2001), Imbérnon (2002), among others. From the study of the State-of-art of the academic production, composed by doctorate thesis and master‟s degree dissertations about learning evaluation (2000-2007), 37 papers on learning evaluation produced in the post graduation programmes in education during the mentioned period were selected. I have elaborated a summary of each one of the found papers and, forthwith, the analysis of each dissertation and thesis considering the categories of analysis: learning evaluation in the continuous progression and cycles, learning evaluation in the public politics and learning evaluation in the scholastic practice. After this analysis, I have elaborated a synthesis-analytic study chart of each paper adopting as descriptions: identifying, objective, range, methodology, and the main contributions to the conception of learning evaluation. This research points to the accomplished investigations mostly aiming the Elementary School, but already demonstrating worries about the learning evaluation in the High School. Still, there is a tendency for the traditional learning evaluation, but also, there are works that point to a emancipated, continuous, formative proposal. The research has also mentioned Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo PUC/SP, considering its post graduation programme in Education, as having the highest number of works dedicated to the learning evaluation, fact already identified in the study of Souza in 1994
O objetivo deste estudo foi documentar e compreender a concepção de AVALIAÇÃO DA APRENDIZAGEM veiculada na produção acadêmica de Pós-Graduação em Educação em três universidades: Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo PUC/SP, Universidade de São Paulo USP e Universidade Estadual de Campinas UNICAMP, no período de 2000 a 2007. A exploração da perspectiva teórica fez-se por meio da seleção de autores cujos estudos vinculam-se à avaliação da aprendizagem ou à formação docente como: Nóvoa (1991), Luckesi (1993), Abramowicz (1994), Sousa (1994), Abrecht (1994), Candau (1996(, Freitas (1996), Demo (1999), Perrenoud (1999), Sacristán (2000), Bonniol (2001), Cappelletti (2001), Saul (2001), Vial (2001), Imbernón (2002), entre outros. A partir do estudo do Estado da Arte da produção acadêmica, constituída de teses e dissertações de mestrado sobre avaliação da aprendizagem (2000-2007) foram selecionados 37 trabalhos sobre avaliação da aprendizagem, produzidos nos programas de Pós-Graduação em Educação, no período mencionado. Elaborei o resumo de cada um dos trabalhos encontrados, e em seguida, a análise de cada dissertação e tese a partir das categorias de análise: avaliação da aprendizagem na progressão continuada e ciclos, avaliação da aprendizagem nas políticas públicas e avaliação da aprendizagem nas práticas escolares. Depois dessa análise elaborei um quadro-síntese - estudo analítico de cada um dos trabalhos adotando como descritores: identificação, objetivos, abrangência, metodologia e principais contribuições para a concepção de avaliação da aprendizagem. A pesquisa aponta para o fato de que as investigações realizadas estão na sua maior parte voltadas ao Ensino Fundamental, mas já sinalizam preocupações com a avaliação da aprendizagem no Ensino Médio. Ainda há uma forte tendência da avaliação tradicional em aprendizagem, mas, existem trabalhos que focalizam uma proposta emancipatória, contínua, formativa. A pesquisa revelou também a Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo PUC/SP, no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação como aquela que tem maior número de trabalhos dedicados à avaliação da aprendizagem, fato esse já identificado no estudo de Sousa (1994)
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Lins, Lindercy Francisco Tomà de Sousa. "One Day, Many Stories ... trajectory and conceptions of May Day in Fortaleza, the First Republic to the New State." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2006. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=559.
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FundaÃÃo de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do CearÃThe First May Day, which origins are related to the fights for better working conditions of the laboring class at the end of the 19th century, showed up throughout time as the main laboring rite because of its internationalist character as well as for the meaning of its commemoration. Through History a constant dispute along May Dayâs politic and ideological motto is observed: sometimes it constitutes itself as a âDay of Workâ, under form of paying homage to âcolaboradores do progressoâ by State, mainly during the âvarguismoâ (1930- 1945); other times as a âDay of Laboring Classâ, that is, a date destined to the reflection of the workers on its condition, which intention was to socialize themselves; or even to fight against capital, when recollect the âChicago Martyrsâ. This research aimed to analyze the trajectory of May Dayâs commemorations in Fortaleza, State of CearÃ, Brazil, during the period between âFirst Republicâ and âEstado Novoâ. Amongst the objectives of this research, one of them was to point out which had been the main appropriations and meanings of this laboring rite presented among the disputes of its meanings for the workers, State and Catholic Church.
O Primeiro de Maio, cujas origens remontam Ãs lutas por melhorias, nas condiÃÃes de trabalho da classe trabalhadora do final do sÃculo XIX, se configurou ao longo do tempo, como o principal rito operÃrio, tanto pelo carÃter internacionalista, e pelo significado de sua comemoraÃÃo. No decorrer da histÃria, observa-se constante disputa em torno do mote polÃtico-ideolÃgico do Primeiro de Maio, ora se constituindo como âdia do trabalhoâ, sob forma de homenagem prestada pelo Estado aos âcolaboradores do progressoâ, sobretudo durante o varguismo (1930-1945), ou como âdia do trabalhadorâ, ou seja, data destinada à reflexÃo dos trabalhadores sobre sua condiÃÃo, cujo intuito era de se sociabilizar, ou lutar contra o capital, ao rememorar os MÃrtires de Chicago. Esta pesquisa teve como finalidade analisar a trajetÃria das comemoraÃÃes de Primeiro de Maio em Fortaleza, durante o perÃodo que se inicia na Primeira RepÃblica ao fim do Estado Novo. Dentre os objetivos, tentou-se apontar as principais apropriaÃÃes e significados de que o rito operÃrio se caracterizou ao longo do perÃodo, notadamente as disputas em torno de seus significados pelos trabalhadores, Estado e Igreja CatÃlica.
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Mandil, Guillaume. "Modèle de représentation géométrique intégrant les états physiques du produit." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00714559.
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Cette thèse introduit le concept de comportement géométrique d'un assemblage mécanique. Cette notion permet de rendre compte du caractère assemblable ou mobile d'un mécanisme sous la forme d'un système de relations algébriques entre les paramètres géométriques permettant de le décrire. Dans un premier temps, cette thèse montre l'intérêt de ce concept pour traiter des problèmes faisant intervenir plusieurs effets physiques et plusieurs scénarios d'utilisation. Ce chapitre est appliqué à l'étude de l'assemblabilité d'un treillis pyramidal de conception à 4 barres décrit par un modèle géométrique non cartésien issu de la littérature. Dans un second temps, après avoir constaté le manque de modèles adaptés permettant de représenter des mécanismes mobiles, ce travail en propose un non cartésien. Il détaille aussi une méthode de mise en équation afin de traduire la mobilité d'un mécanisme. Une application de ce modèle et de la méthode est également faite. Elle permet de résoudre localement le problème de la mobilité d'un mécanisme de Bennett. Enfin, la dernière partie de ce travail expose une solution pour associer et comparer deux objets décrits par des représentations non cartésiennes. Cette technique est utile pour comparer deux états physiques du même objet utilisé dans différents scénarios pour assurer le suivi d'une exigence géométrique. Elle peut également être utilisée pour associer des objets réels et des objets idéalisés pour traiter des problèmes de tolérancement
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Nazemi, Shahriar. "Revocation of Citizenship in Canada: A Criminological Reading of a Tension Between Rights and Obligations in Conceptions of Citizenship." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/38999.
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This research explores the political debates surrounding changes in the law regulating citizenship revocation in Canada and how they reflect the tensions in the meaning of citizenship for dual national citizens. Borrowing from citizenship studies and critical criminology, the main argument in this thesis is that Bill C-24 seems to be an attempt on part of the Conservative Party to recalibrate the meaning of citizenship from a more liberal understanding (based on civic rights) to one that is more republican (based on civic duty). This research also demonstrates how this recalibration in the conception of citizenship from a more liberal notion to a more republican one parallels the shift
in crime control policies of the state that were geared more toward prioritizing the welfare and equality of all citizens under the law in the 1960s-70s to ones that are presently oriented toward punishment, control and management of “dangerous groups”. The scholarly literature suggests that the modern conception of citizenship tends to draw from the republican and liberal traditions that are complementary but are also in tension, and the recent political discussions surrounding citizenship involves arguing for the best balance between rights and responsibilities of citizens. The analysis of the parliamentary debates surrounding Bill C-24 reveals that, in light of Canada’s current political landscape that is heavily influenced by penal-populist notions of punishing the
offender populations and making “responsibilized” citizens, the pendulum of citizenship is generally being tilted toward the republican model (based on restoration of civic duties of citizens to the state and their fellow citizens) more so than the liberal model (based on preserving the welfare, liberty and equality of all citizens under the law).
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Temizer, Seda. "Reading Architectural Space Through A Staged Event." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/1218379/index.pdf.
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This study is an inquiry into the architectural aspects of stage space, which is believed to be the materialization of visual relationships, with the claim that it is also the best illustration of the proposition that architectural discourse is affected by the changes in visual culture. The study is based on the assumption that changes in the conceptualization of architectural space have also been influenced from the shifts in the field of vision, which are the consequences of the changes in the social, political and economical circumstances as well as the developments in science and technology.
Within the acknowledgement of three major shifts in the field of vision that have been identified by Jonathan Crary, the study focuses on a reading and assessment of twentieth century developments that differ from the traditional conception of space and ways of spatial representation. Being a key to reconsider architectural space production, the outcomes of these developments are read through the construction of stage and performance spaces.
Stage space possesses knowledge about the making of
architecture. This study is an attempt to demonstrate how stage space is in relation to or anticipates changes in conception of architecture. Because of its instant nature and flexibility, stage space can be seen as a tool for making experiments for possible changes in the conception of architectural space.
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Golsch, Michael, Thomas Bürger, and Achim Bonte. "Zukunft für die SLUB." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-66099.
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"Sächsische Landesbibliothek – Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek fördern und Exzellenz stärken" So lautete der von CDU und FDP am 10. Januar 2011 in den Landtag eingebrachte Antrag, der in einer Plenardebatte am 20. Januar einstimmig gebilligt worden ist. Die Regierungsfraktionen hatten darin zunächst die Staatsregierung um eine Zwischenbilanz zur Entwicklung der SLUB gebeten und sie darüber hinaus aufgefordert, dem Landtag bis zum 30. April eine Bewertung vorzulegen, welche Rechts- und Organisationsform es der Bibliothek ermöglichen würde, in „Zukunft flexibler auf die Herausforderungen der Wissenslandschaft zu reagieren und auf hohem Niveau einen Beitrag zur Stärkung des Forschungslandes Sachsen zu leisten“ (Drucksache 5/4654).
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Bredder, Charlene Catherine. ""Doing school" and "having fun" tensions between family and school conceptions of education /." Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2006. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3212021.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2006.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed July 10, 2006). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 318-326).
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Werner, Quentin. "Model-based optimization of electrical system in the early development stage of hybrid drivetrains." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0109.
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Cette thèse analyse les challenges auxquels sont confrontés les composants électriques pour les systèmes de traction hybrides. L’analyse de ces composants et de leurs interactions en tant qu’entité indépendante est un sujet de recherche important afin de dimensionner de manière optimale le système au lieu de combiner des composants optimaux. Les véhicules hybrides sont un domaine de recherche qui suscite un grand intérêt parce qu’il s’agit d’une solution efficace à court terme afin de préparer la transition énergétique vers les véhicules à zéro émission. Malgré les avantages de cette solution, c’est un sujet de recherche complexe car les composants électriques doivent être intégrés dans un système de propulsion conventionnel. Ainsi le but de ce travail de recherche est axé sur la détermination de méthodes appropriées pour étudier les composants électriques et les contributions apportées par cette thèse visent à répondre à la problématique suivante : déterminer le niveau suffisant de détails pour modéliser les systèmes électriques pour les systèmes de traction pour véhicules hybrides afin d’identifier le dimensionnement idéal des composants pour différents systèmes pendant la phase de développement. Afin de résoudre cette problématique, ce rapport est divisé en quatre parties au sein de six chapitres. D’abord l’état de l’art des véhicules hybrides, des composants électriques ainsi que des méthodes d’optimisation associées sont présentés (chapitre 1). Ensuite, pour chaque composant (chapitre 2 à 4), des méthodes de modélisation appropriées sont déterminées afin de les modéliser mais aussi afin d’évaluer leur intégration dans le système de propulsion. Puis, une solution pour l’étude du système globale est déterminée à partir de l’analyse de travaux précédents (chapitre 5). Finalement, une approche d’optimisation est développée et permet d’analyser différents systèmes ainsi que l’influence de différents paramètres sur le dimensionnement (chapitre 6). Grâce à l’analyse du développement actuel et des travaux précédents sur le sujet ainsi qu’au développement d’outils de simulation, cette thèse étudie et analyse les relations entre le niveau de tension et de courant, et les performances du système dans différents cas. Les résultats permettent de déterminer l’influence de ces paramètres sur les composants ainsi que l’impact de l’environnement industriel sur les résultats. En tenant compte du cadre législatif actuel, les résultats convergent globalement tous dans la même direction : une réduction du niveau de tension, respectivement une augmentation du courant, entraine une amélioration du système global par rapport aux méthodes de dimensionnent actuelles. Ces observations sont liées à l’architecture, au cycle d’évaluation et à l’environnement considérés mais les méthodes et l’approche développée ont posé les bases pour étendre les connaissances dans le domaine de l’optimisation des véhicules hybrides. En plus de l’optimisation générale, des cas particuliers sont analysés afin de montrer la modularité des méthodes et l’influence de paramètres supplémentaires (système 48V ou convertisseur Boost). Afin de conclure, cette thèse a mis en place les bases pour l’étude des composants électriques pour les véhicules hybrides. De part un environnement fluctuant et les nombreuses technologies possibles, ce sujet suscite encore un grand intérêt et les points suivants peuvent être encore étudiés de manière plus détaillée : * Application des méthodes pour d’autres systèmes de propulsion (autre architectures hybrides, véhicule à pile à combustible ou tout électrique), * Étude de nouvelles technologies comme le carbure de silicium pour l’électronique de puissance, la machine à reluctance variable ou le sulfure de lithium pour les batteries, * Analyse d’autre cycle d’évaluation ainsi que leur cadre législatif, * Mise en place de structures additionnelles pour l’électronique de puissance, * Validations supplémentaires avec d’autres composantsThis work analyses the challenges faced by the electric components for traction purpose in hybrid drivetrains. It investigates the components and their interactions as an independent entity in order to refine the scope of investigation and to find the best combinations of components instead of the best components combinations. Hybrid vehicle is currently a topic of high interest because it stands for a suitable short-term solution towards zero emission vehicle. Despite its advantages, it is a challenging topic because the components need to be integrated in a conventional drivetrain architecture. Therefore, the focus of this work is set on the determination of the right methods to investigate only the electric components for traction purpose. The aim and the contributions of this work lies thereby in the resolution of the following statement: Determine the sufficient level of details in modeling electric components at the system level and develop models and tools to perform dynamic simulations of these components and their interactions in a global system analysis to identify ideal designs of various drivetrain electric components during the design process. To address these challenges, this work is divided in four main parts within six chapters. First the current status of the hybrid vehicle, the electric components and the associated optimization methods and simulation are presented (first chapter). Then for each component, the right modeling approach is defined in order to investigate the electrical, mechanical and thermal behavior of the components as well as methods to evaluate their integration in the drivetrain (second to fourth chapter). After this, a suitable method is defined to evaluate the global system and to investigate the interactions between the components based on the review of relevant previous works (chapter five). Finally, the last chapter presents the optimization approach considered in this work and the results by analyzing different system and cases (chapter six). Thanks to the analysis of the current status, previous works and the development of the simulations tools, this work investigates the relationships between the voltage, the current and the power in different cases. The results enable, under the considered assumptions of the work, to determine the influence of these parameters on the components and of the industrial environment on the optimization results. Considering the current legislative frame, all the results converge toward the same observation referred to the reference systems: a reduction of the voltage and an increase of the current leads to an improvement of the integration and the performance of the system. These observations are linked with the considered architecture, driving cycle and development environment but the developed methods and approaches have set the basis to extend the knowledge for the optimization of the electric system for traction purpose. Beside the main optimization, special cases are investigated to show the influence of additional parameters (increase of the power, 48V-system, machine technology, boost-converter…) In order to conclude, this work have set the basis for further investigations about the electric components for traction purpose in more electrified vehicle. Due to the constantly changing environment, the new technologies and the various legislative frame, this topic remains of high interest and the following challenges still need to be deeper investigated: * Application of the methods for other drivetrain architecture (series hybrid, power-split hybrid, fuel-cell vehicle, full electric vehicle), * Investigation of new technologies such as silicon-carbide for the power electronics, lithium–sulfur battery or switch reluctance machine, * Investigation of other driving cycle, legislative frame, * Integration of additional power electronics structure, * Further validation of the modeling approaches with additional components
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Al-Amri, Yusuf B. "Changing conceptions of sovereignty in international law." Thesis, Keele University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273020.
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Joussellin, Florence. "Générateur à induction à métal liquide : aspects théoriques et expérimentaux." Grenoble 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986GRE10124.
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Etude theorique portant sur l'analyse des conditions d'auto-excitation et sur l'efficacite du transfert d'energie qui caracterise le rendement electrique du generateur. Le probleme, traite analytiquement pour l'etude du regime transitoire et l'influence du desequilibre des phases. Resultats experimentaux obtenus avec une boucle a mercure essentiellement a verifier les conditions d'auto-excitation. Les mesures ont permis de valider, avec une bonne precision, l'ensemble des resultats theoriques et ont conduit a une premiere approche de dimensionnement d'un generateur fonctionnant au lithium dont l'objectif est la production d'electricite dans l'espace
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Tota, Lukáš. "Návrh parní kondenzační turbíny." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-230960.
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Diploma thesis deals with the design of steam turbine of PBS ENERGO, a.s. company design concept. Condensing turbine is on low steam parameters and of barrel concept. Turbine has two unregulated steam extractions, regulation stage with action blading and seven stages with reaction blading type, which was computed with ca/u method on mean blading diameter. The thesis contains also design of thermic diagram, calculation of axial force on rotor, calculation of steam seals and basic design of longitudinal turbine cross section.
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Rachdi, Sara. "Impact du creusement des ouvrages souterrains à faible profondeur en milieu urbain." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEM054.
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Le développement de l’urbanisme privilégie de plus en plus souvent la solution souterraine. Le creusement d’environ 200km de tunnels est prévu dans les dix prochaines années en France seulement, en milieu urbain dense.L’excavation d’une cavité dans un terrain engendre des mouvements dans le massif. Le front de taille se déplace généralement instantanément vers l’excavation. A ce déplacement d’extrusion s’ajoute la convergence des parois du tunnel. A faible profondeur, ces mouvements risquent de se propager jusqu'à la surface du terrain constituant une cuvette de tassement qui peut conduire à des désordres importants voire de nature accidentelle (tassements différentiels, développement de fontis, effondrement de constructions, etc.). Plusieurs paramètres influencent la qualité des simulations et la prévision des déplacements induits par le creusement d’un tunnel. Le choix d’une loi de comportement est primordiale pour la modélisation des tunnels qui dépend de la réponse du sol en termes de déformations. La prédiction des déplacements engendrés requière un modèle de comportement du sol rigoureux qui puisse simuler le plus fidèlement possible la réponse du sol.Cette thèse propose un modèle de comportement adapté à la simulation du creusement de tunnel avec un mécanisme d’écrouissage déviatorique dans le cadre de la théorie de l’état critique. Ce modèle reproduit de manière satisfaisante la réponse non linéaire du sol à l’échelle des essais de laboratoire et présente une alternative sécuritaire pour les simulations à l’échelle de la structure.L’effet de l’influence de plusieurs paramètres sur la simulation des tunnels est étudié à travers des simulations 2D et 3D avec différentes configurations et en considérant le couplage hydromécanique. Le modèle proposé est aussi utilisé pour la reproduction de mesures in-situ d’une section de tunnel du Grand ParisTunnels construction is increasingly favored as a sustainable transportation and infrastructure development system. 200km are going to be excavated only in France in the next ten years in dense urban areas.During tunnel excavation, ground movements must be controlled and well predicted to avoid any damage on existing buildings. The tunnel face moves typically instantly toward the excavation. The tunnel wall convergence is added to theface extrusion. These movements may spread to the surface of shallow tunnels leading to significant disturbances or accidental damage (differential settlement, cave-in occurrence, buildings collapse, etc.).Different parameters influence the quality of tunnels simulation and induced displacements prediction. The quality of those predictions closely depends on the choice of soil constitutive model. In this context, some widely used soil models in engineering practice not only fail to reproduce some characteristics of soil behavior on the constitutive level but also lead to shallower settlement.This PhD thesis proposes an enhanced critical state model incorporating deviatoric and volumetric hardening mechanisms adapted for tunneling simulations. This model satisfactorily reproduces the nonlinear soil response to laboratory tests and enables a more conservative tunneling design.The impact of other modeling choices is studied through 2D and 3D tunneling simulations in different configurations with the proposed soil model. Furthermore, comparison with measurements obtained from a tunnel section of the Grand Paris Project highlight the performance of the proposed model in simulating tunneling induced displacement
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Martin, Tirado Richard J. "El Laberinto Estatal: Historia, evolución y conceptos de la contratación administrativa en el Perú." Revista de Derecho Administrativo, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/51011.
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La contratación administrativa sirve de instrumento para la concreción de los fines del estado, por lo que, desde un punto de vista doctrinario, el autor expone las principales teorías y clasificaciones que se postulan en torno a ella. asimismo, presenta un panorama completo sobre la evolución de la contratación administrativa en el Perú desde su primer periodo en 1950, en el que por primera vez se intentó establecer un orden en el proceso de adquisición de bienes y servicios por parte de las entidades públicas, hasta la actualidad, con una participación cada vez más activa en los procesos de integración económica y comercial.Para finalizar, el autor realiza un valioso aporte detallando los diferentes tipos de contratos que celebra la administración Pública en el Perú, así como las diferentes modalidades de contratos de adquisición de bienes y servicios, los diferentes tipos de concesión y formas de iniciativa privada, incluyendo a las asociaciones Público Privadas.
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Dimitrov, Oleksandr. "Eco-design of a dry cleaning machine by integration of a pervaporation stage for solvent dehydration." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ECDM0012.
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La présente thèse porte sur l’éco-conception d’une machine de nettoyage à sec par intégration d’un procédé membranaire pour la déshydratation du solvant. Ce solvant, appartenant à la famille des « solvants verts », a été développé afin de remplacer le toxique perchloroéthylène. Après les cycles de lavage, le solvant contient des différentes fibres, colorants ainsi que de l’eau. Lorsque la teneur en eau est relativement grande (aux alentours de 10%wt), le solvant provoque le rétrécissement des textiles et il est primordial de le déshydrater. Les machines actuelles de nettoyage à sec sont équipées par un distillateur batch. Dû à ses limitations, il n’est pas possible de séparer l’eau et le solvant de manière efficace. Dans ce contexte, un procédé membranaire a été proposé en tant qu’une solution alternative.Pour ce procédé membranaire, une étude expérimentale a été réalisée. Lors de cette étude, la faisabilité de la déshydratation du solvant a été prouvée. De plus, une très haute efficacité énergétique et de séparation a été observée. Afin de caractériser le mélange eau-solvant, une étude thermodynamique a été également menée. Les résultats expérimentaux et théoriques ont permis d’obtenir les données importantes des équilibres de phases qui n’ont pas été publiées auparavant. Ces données ont servi pour caractériser le transport membranaire ainsi qu’estimer tous les paramètres indispensables pour la conception de l’étape de déshydratationThe present thesis covers the eco-design of a dry cleaning machine by integration of a membrane process for solvent dehydration. This solvent belongs to the family of “green” solutions and has been developed to replace the hazardous perchloroethylene. After washing cycles, the solvent contains fibers, colorants and water. The presence of water represents an issue because relatively high water concentrations (about 10%wt) in solvent can shrink the textiles. Hence, the solvent should imperatively be dehydrated. The current dry cleaning machines are equipped with a simple one-stage distillation. Due to this limitation, the water can not be efficiently separated from the solvent. As an alternative solution, an implementation of the membrane process was proposed.The experimental investigation was carried out for the membrane process. It has proven the feasibility of the solvent dehydration and has demonstrated an extremely high separation and energy efficiency. In order to characterize water-solvent mixture, an in-depth thermodynamic study was performed. The experimental and theoretical results allowed to obtain valuable phase equilibria data that have not previously been documented. These data have served to correctly characterize the membrane transport and to estimate all the required parameters for further dehydration stage design
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Sharples, Jack D. "A critical analysis of Russian state and Gazprom conceptions of natural gas as a strategic resource and Russia's gas exports to the European Union during the Medvedev presidency (2008-2012)." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2014. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5205/.
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As the largest external supplier of natural gas to the EU with reserves sufficient for another 74 years at current production levels, Russia is a strategic energy partner for the EU, and will remain so in the coming decades. The first eight years of the 21st century brought a dramatic rise in European oil and gas prices, and the idea of Russia as an ‘energy superpower’. However, such a characterisation of Russia failed to account for the interdependent nature of the Russia-EU gas relationship, and reflected a lack of nuanced Western understandings of the relationship between political and commercial entities in Russia’s energy sector. This thesis contributes to the gap in the literature by employing a social constructivist approach to the examination of Russian state and Gazprom conceptions of natural gas as a strategic resource and Russia’s gas exports to the EU. The crux of this research is the analysis of the convergence and divergence of Gazprom and Russian state interests and strategies, on the basis of their conceptualisations of natural gas as a strategic commodity. These interests are then played out in the relationship between Gazprom and the Russian state: where Gazprom and Russian state interests diverge, the degree to which the Russian state is able to impose its interests on Gazprom is highly significant. The extent to which Russia’s political leadership conceptualises gas as a political, rather than purely economic, resource not only influences Russian state interests, but also the degree to which those state interests converge with the commercial interests of Gazprom. The identification of Gazprom and Russian state conceptions of, and interests in relation to, natural gas therefore offers the possibility of rationalising Gazprom’s actions and strategies in commercial terms, where previously the presence of political interests may have led to the reductionist interpretation of those actions being little more than further evidence of Russia wielding the ‘energy weapon’. In Russia itself, the state conceptualisation of gas as a strategic national resource has led to the government using state-owned Gazprom as a vehicle for state control over Russia’s resources. In Russia’s relations with Ukraine and Belarus, natural gas is both political and economic – the Russian government views gas exports to Ukraine and Belarus as potentially lucrative, but it is willing to trade economic utility for political concessions, with Gazprom again the vehicle for such deals. It is in relation to Russia’s gas exports to the EU that the Russian state sees gas as an overwhelmingly economic resource, where prices are highest and the potential for barter or leverage is lowest. The examination of the Nord Stream gas pipeline highlights the convergence of Gazprom and state interests in strategic gas projects, and further emphasises the economic interests of the Russian state in such projects, thus demonstrating that state interests are not always completely political. Again, this challenges the interpretation of the fusion of energy and foreign policy as evidence of the ‘energy weapon’, and offers the possibility of rationalising Gazprom’s policies. Such a rationalisation increases our ability to understand the dynamics of Russia’s gas exports, which in turn offers the possibility of more constructive cooperation between supplier and consumer. The Medvedev presidency of 2008-2012 is particularly noteworthy, because it was marked by dramatic fluctuations of European gas prices, which exposed Russia’s economic vulnerability to commodity price shifts. At the same time, the EU gas market underwent a significant development in terms of increased supply-side competition, increased spot trading, and regulatory development (particularly the Third Energy Package), which rendered that market an increasingly competitive environment for Gazprom. The extent to which Gazprom is able to adapt to these developments, and the extent to which the Russian state will be willing to continue supporting Gazprom if it does not, will be significant factors in Russia’s future role as a strategic gas supplier to the EU.
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Nogueira, Rosemeri Teresinha Hoffmann. "Concepções de ensino de linguagem dos alunos egressos do Curso de Letras da Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa." UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE PONTA GROSSA, 2006. http://tede2.uepg.br/jspui/handle/prefix/1348.
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Previous issue date: 2006-03-30This research aims to evidence the importance of the language conceptions to be taken as the beginning in the definition of teaching/learning methodologies of the Portuguese language and to have the teacher to be aware that his pedagogic practice in the Portuguese teaching has direct relation with his language conception. This research aimed to investigate which language teaching conception that is according to the pedagogic practice of the deviated student and the Portuguese language teacher former of the language course of the State University of Ponta Grossa. Through this research, it was checked how the deviated students evaluate the language course and the questions releated to the theories and practices that give support to the initial formation of the teacher. The research is devided into five chapters structured this way: the first one regards the theories related to Bakhthin, Geraldi, Suassuna and Travaglia, among others; the second reagards a brief historical of the language course; the third covers the conceptions of the former teachers; the fourth treats the methodological matters; the fifth, the teaching conceptions of the deviated students, the, and the last one focuses the final considerations. This work developed from the methodological paths described by Triviños, that align the procedures with qualitative and quantitative focus, even though, the major enfasis is in the qualitative research, considering that one assists better proposed objectives. This research was classified how the case study, it was used as data gathering a half-structed interwiew with deviated students from the language course with were graduated by the State University of Ponta Grossa in the period of 1993 to 2003 and with teachers from the methodoly and teaching practice subject. The data gathering was performed in 2004 which lasted a year.
Esta pesquisa visa a ressaltar a importância de as concepções de linguagem serem tomadas como ponto de partida na definição de metodologias de ensino/aprendizagem de Língua Portuguesa e de conscientizar o professor de que a sua prática pedagógica no ensino do Português tem relação direta com a sua concepção de linguagem.Objetivou-se nesta pesquisa investigar qual a concepção de ensino de linguagem que subjaz a prática pedagógica do aluno egresso e do professor-formador de Língua Portuguesa do Curso de Letras da Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa.Por meio desta pesquisa, verificou-se como os egressos avaliam o Curso de Letras e as questões relacionadas às teorias e práticas que dão suporte à formação inicial do professor.A pesquisa está dividida em cinco capítulos assim estruturados: o primeiro capítulo contempla os referenciais teóricos que privilegiaram as obras de Bakthin, Geraldi, Suassuna e Travaglia entre outros; o segundo, trata de um breve histórico do Curso de Letras; o terceiro aborda as concepções dos professores formadores; o quarto trata das questões metodológicas; o quinto, as concepções de ensino dos alunos egressos e por último, as considerações finais. Este trabalho desenvolveu-se a partir dos caminhos metodológicos descrito por Triviños, delineamento esse que mescla os procedimentos com caráter qualitativo e quantitativo, mesmo assim a ênfase maior se dá aos pressupostos da pesquisa qualitativa, considerando que esta atenderia melhor aos objetivos propostos. Classificou-se esta pesquisa como um Estudo de Caso, foi utilizado como instrumento de coleta de dados a entrevista semi-estruturada com alunos egressos do Curso de Letras (Licenciatura em Língua Portuguesa) que se formaram pela Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa no período de 1993 a 2003 e com os professoresformadores da Disciplina de Metodologia e Prática de Ensino dessa Instituição. A coleta de dados foi realizada no ano de 2004, com a duração de um ano.