Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Conceptions du vivant'
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Coupaud, Magali. "Evolution du vivant et hasard : étude quantitative des conceptions d'élèves de collège dans le contexte français." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0205/document.
Full textEvolution of living species is a major concept for the contemporary biological sciences, but also a complex object of teaching. In France, the evolution of living species starts in primary school. This teaching becomes well identified only at the end of compulsory schooling. This study aims a better understanding on the change of the conceptions of secondary school students along junior high school and how their conceptions of randomness can influence their acceptation and their understunding of this concept. Consequently, a questionnaire, UnRESt has been elaborated to study the mainstream conceptions of more than 1600 students about the evolution of living and randomness and to find potential links between these two types of conceptions. The UnRESt ingineering is based on exploratory studies (open-ended questions, philosophical discussion). The study shows that a half of the students accept the evolution of living species and a third of them seems to have an understanding in opposition with an evolutionist understanding. According to the species studied, a ‘transformist’ vision is favoured by student. They highlights also that the acceptation and the understanding of the evolution are related to the students’ conceptions of randomness. More specifically, the results show an obstacle in the use of the word randomness with the meaning of contingency and an influence of their vision of ‘probabilist’ randomness on their understanding of the evolution mechanisms. The research concludes on the place to give to the scientific concept of randomness in the teaching in secondary school
Letouzey, Émilie. "Petits arrangements avec le vivant : relations contrariées aux plantes horticoles dans la région d’Ōsaka." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU20029.
Full textThis Phd thesis is about horticulture, relations to plants, human relations around plants, and conceptions of life and living things in Japan. It presents an ethnographic fieldwork conducted among two groups of cultivators in the Ōsaka metropolitan area (2013-2017): volunteers cultivating a wisteria (Wisteria floribunda) in the Fukushima district of Ōsaka, and professional producers growing plum, peach and cherry in the Higashino neighborhood in Itami. In order to monitor these emblematic plants to “bloom” (sakaseru), the cultivators practice traditional horticultural characterized by a fastidious shaping of each plant, and they skillfully display the flowers. However, upsetting events such as lack of bloom or the outbreak of a plant disease (specifically a plum virus) put into question a technical control of plants that was taken for granted. Cultivators are led to modify their practices, and also the way they of appreciate the plants. These actions and assessments lead to inferences, allowing to question the status of plants, and how they work. There are two main purposes in this research. On the one hand, an ethnography of Japanese horticulture, focusing on a description of local social life and the technical actions observed during fieldwork. On the other hand, drawing on an "anthropology of life" engaged with the concrete manipulations of living beings that are both organisms and artefacts, the aim is to grasp the conceptions of life and living things, may that be a flower festival or part of a phytosanitary plan
El, Jamal Rayanne. "La construction du concept du vivant en sciences et les jeux vidéo de simulation d'animaux virtuels : étude de conceptions des élèves de l'école primaire au Liban et en France." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0310.
Full textOur research is to understand the effects of video games simulating virtual animals on the concepts of life, especially the distinction between what is alive and what is not. To do this, it is a question of identifying the conceptual differences between the populations of players and non-players in virtual animal simulation video games. First, we did an exploratory survey identifying children's playful video practices. This survey allowed selecting the two most used games by children of this age: Talking TOM and POU. Our study focuses on these two games. A questionnaire has been distributed in Lebanon and France to study how players and non-players in TOM and / or POU design the living. A total of 916 children aged 9 to 12 completed this questionnaire. In Lebanon, 21 interviews with students followed the questionnaire. The questionnaires were statistically analyzed to reveal the differences and similarities between the populations of players and non-players in France and Lebanon. The interviews had been analyzed by a thematic analysis of content followed by a lexical analysis and allowed a qualitative exploitation of the results. The results show that interviews and questionnaires strongly converge on the hypothesis of an influence of games on the construction of the notion of life among players of both countries. Indeed, in Lebanon and France users of TOM and POU have significantly more anthropomorphic, animistic and anthropocentric conceptions than those who do not play it
Chapel, Gwenda-ella. "Modélisation et diagnostic des conceptions d'élèves de niveau seconde sur l'information génétique, lors de l'élaboration d'expérience à l'aide de LabBrook." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00721782.
Full textBernard, Thierry. ""Magna Mater" : la conception de la Terre comme être vivant et ses implications philosophiques." Paris 4, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA040102.
Full textSince 1979, a scientific conception of the Earth, known as the Gai͏̈a hypothesis, suggests that we picture the Earth as being a large organism which controls the terrestrial environment so that it will guarantee life optimal growth conditions. After having reviewed the various contemporary debates surrounding this theory, this thesis aims to highlight its philosophical dimension. The idea that Earth is a large living entity dates back to Antiquity and was particularly envisaged during the Renaissance. An expansion in the mining industry at that time led many authors to wonder about the underground organic processes which resulted in the forming of metals. Their writing allow us to understand that for them Earth was thought of as being a living entity whom they called Mother Earth or Magna Mater (the Great Mother). This idea has repercussions relating to our mode of existence and also to our relationship with Earth. It modifies our relationship with animal kingdom because the conceptual schema of a mother nature creates a brotherhood of all living being as can be found in Montaigne's essays. Moreover, the Earth considered as a living entity cannot be treated in the same manner as one would treat an inert object. This entails the abandoning of our exploitation relationship based on cooperation. An analysis of Giordano Bruno system highlights the ethical stakes involved in this upheaval
Robin, Anne-Claire. "Nano-objets multiphotoniques : étude de systèmes modèles et conception de nano-outils pour le vivant." Rennes 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REN1S105.
Full textMultiphotonic excitation methods have attracted increased attention in relation to their convenient advantages regarding selectivity, 3‑D localisation and penetration depth. Non‑linear microscopies are one of the most promising techniques which allow a softer and higher‑performance biological imaging. Our work deals with the synthesis of new biphotonic nano-tools which can be modified in order to conform to special tasks depending on the desired function, taking advantages of biphotonic excitation for applications in dynamic and functional imaging of living, biomedical imaging and therapy. Several nano-tools have been developed, a photoactive analogous of NADPH for the control of protein implicated in bioreductive processes and organic and fluorescent nano-probes which are eco and biocompatible for use un biologic and medical imaging
Rummens, François. "Systèmes intégrés pour l'hybridation vivant-artificiel : modélisation et conception d'une chaîne de détection analogique adaptative." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0431/document.
Full textBioelectronics is a transdisciplinary field which develops interconnection devicesbetween biological systems presenting electrical activity and the world of electronics. Thiscommunication with living tissues implies to observe the electrical activity of the cells andtherefore requires an electronic acquisition chain.The use of Multi / Micro Electrode Array leads to systems that acquire a large numberof parallel channels, thus consumption and congestion of acquisition circuits have asignificant impact on the viability of the system to be implanted.This thesis proposes two reflections about these acquisition circuits. One of thesereflections relates to amplifier circuits, their input impedance and consumption; the otherconcerns an analogue action potentials detector, its modeling and optimization.These theoretical work leading to concrete results, an ASIC was designed,manufactured, tested and characterized in this thesis. This eight-channel ASIC thereforeincludes amplifiers and analogue action potentials detector and is the main contribution of thisthesis
Dubé, Michaël. "Développement de technologies d’assistance à l'alimentation pour les personnes vivant avec des difficultés de mouvement aux membres supérieurs." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/70284.
Full textMany people live with disabilities that may affect the control of their upper limbs and therefore affect their daily autonomy. These disabilities can include muscle spasticity, non selective motor control, muscle weakness and others. This can cause spasms or tremors which will inevitably affect the person when he/she tries to eat by him/herself. In many cases, people living with that kind of disabilities do not have access to the service of a caregiver. The affected person can use technical aids available commercially or the family can takecare of the person in need. The situation is likely to deteriorate in the coming years considering the aging population. It will be necessary to take care of more and more people losing their autonomy while dealing with less active medical labor. Following a literature review, and several discussions with occupational therapists, it was established that the technical aids available commercially are not sufficiently adequate formany users. This thesis focuses on the development of mechanical feeding assistances tohelp people living with upper limbs movement disorders. The hypothesis is that using the developed aids will help people living with movement disorders to eat more independently. The use of the developed mechanical aids will increase user involvement while reducing the workload of the medical staff. Two different types of feeding aid have been developed: a passive feeding system forspasticity and an anti-tremor utensil. The first is a complex system using four-bar mechanisms and dampers to stabilize the utensil and reduce the effects of involuntary movements. The prototype is fixed on a table and is controlled with a handle. The second solution developed is a smaller sized utensil that stabilizes tremors using counterweights
Turgeon, Philippe, and Philippe Turgeon. "Système mécatronique d'aide à l'alimentation pour les personnes vivant avec des troubles de mouvement aux membres supérieurs." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/36902.
Full textPlusieurs personnes vivent avec des incapacités qui affectent le contrôle du mouvement des membres supérieurs. Ces troubles de mouvement peuvent être présents sous forme de contractions involontaires, de mouvements spasmodiques ou de tremblements. Ceux-ci limitent ces personnes dans la réalisation de plusieurs tâches de la vie quotidienne. Des aides techniques peuvent alors servir à faciliter les déplacements, à compenser un manque de tonus musculaire ou à permettre la manipulation d'objets. Plus particulièrement, des aides techniques sont conçues pour les personnes vivant avec des troubles de mouvement aux membres supérieurs pour leur permettre de s'alimenter de manière autonome. Par contre, plusieurs facteurs limitent l'utilisation des aides techniques actuelles, tels que leur prix élevé ou leur complexité d'utilisation. L'objectif de ce mémoire est le développement d'une nouvelle aide à l'alimentation pour les personnes vivant avec des incoordinations motrices au niveau des membres supérieurs. L'hypothèse est que l'utilisation de l'aide à l'alimentation développée permettra d'améliorer la capacité des personnes avec des troubles de mouvement à s'alimenter de manière autonome. Cette assistance augmenterait l'implication de l'utilisateur lors des repas tout en réduisant la charge de travail des aidants ou préposés. Deux systèmes ont été développés : une version passive et une version active. La version passive consiste en un assemblage de barres qui maintiennent l'orientation de l'ustensile constante et amorti mécaniquement les mouvements brusques involontaires. Une version active a ensuite été développée, où des actionneurs remplacent les amortisseurs mécaniques, afn d'offrir une assistance plus intelligente.
Many people are living with neurological disorders such as cerebral palsy, stroke, muscular dystrophy or dystonia, that affect the control of upper limb movement. These motor disorders can be involuntary contractions, spasmodic movement or tremors. These disorders limit in the accomplishment of several tasks of daily life. Technical aids can then be used to facilitate movement, to compensate for a lack of muscle tone or to allow the manipulation of objects. In particular, assistive devices are designed for people with upper limb movement disorders to eat autonomously. Several factors limit the use of current assistive devices, such as their high price or high complexity. The aim of this thesis is the development of a new eating aid for people with upper limbs motor disorders. The hypothesis is that the use of the eating assistance developed will improve the ability of people with movement disorders to eat autonomously. This assistance would increase user involvement while reducing the workload of the caregiver. Two assistive prototypes have been developed : a passive version and an active version. The passive version consists of a bar assembly that maintains the constant orientation of the utensil and mechanically dampens involuntary movements. An active version was then developed, where actuators replace the mechanical dampers, in order to offer a more intellignent assistance.
Many people are living with neurological disorders such as cerebral palsy, stroke, muscular dystrophy or dystonia, that affect the control of upper limb movement. These motor disorders can be involuntary contractions, spasmodic movement or tremors. These disorders limit in the accomplishment of several tasks of daily life. Technical aids can then be used to facilitate movement, to compensate for a lack of muscle tone or to allow the manipulation of objects. In particular, assistive devices are designed for people with upper limb movement disorders to eat autonomously. Several factors limit the use of current assistive devices, such as their high price or high complexity. The aim of this thesis is the development of a new eating aid for people with upper limbs motor disorders. The hypothesis is that the use of the eating assistance developed will improve the ability of people with movement disorders to eat autonomously. This assistance would increase user involvement while reducing the workload of the caregiver. Two assistive prototypes have been developed : a passive version and an active version. The passive version consists of a bar assembly that maintains the constant orientation of the utensil and mechanically dampens involuntary movements. An active version was then developed, where actuators replace the mechanical dampers, in order to offer a more intellignent assistance.
FROMEN, ROMANO CECILE. "Conception et realisation d'immunogenes recombinants : proprietes immunogenes de toxoides solubles ou presentes par un vecteur bacterien vivant : staphylococcus carnosus." Paris 11, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA112169.
Full textVanel, Remi. "Conception de catalyseurs d'oxydation non métalliques utilisant l'oxygène de l'air." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00650134.
Full textMathieu, Julien. "Modélisation et conception d'un système de mesure de comportement électrique de cellules vivantes: Application aux Epitheliums intestinaux." Phd thesis, Université d'Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00422252.
Full textMathieu, Julien Mammar Said Eto Bruno. "Modélisation et conception d'un système de mesure de comportement électrique de cellules vivantes application aux épithéliums intestinaux /." S. l. : Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2008. http://www.biblio.univ-evry.fr/theses/2008/2008EVRY0018.pdf.
Full textMathieu, Julien. "Modélisation et conception d'un système de mesure de comportement électrique de cellules vivantes : application aux épithéliums intestinaux." Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EVRY0018/document.
Full textWith electrical parameters such as the short circuit current, the transepithelial voltage and the conductance it is possible to study electrogenic transport across biological barriers. These measurements can be useful for the study of a molecule on the basis of its crossing behavior and its action on the epithelium properties, its dose effect relationship and its comparison with known molecules. The purpose of this work was to achieve an automated device which can measure these three electrical parameters. The used measurement principle is based on the Ussing’s chamber. This principle consists in mounting a biological tissue between two half chambers in order to isolate its mucosal side from its serous side and to measure its electrical parameters using working electrodes and reference electrodes. The study led to the design of a modified Ussing’s chamber which improves the fluid flow and the electric current density through the biological tissue. Stainless steel electrodes have been also studied in order to demonstrate their potential use in the chamber. The measurement principle is based on a controller synthesized from a simplified transfer function model. A more accurate model of the interfaces with various tissues was carried out by impedance spectroscopy and was used for the controller’s simulation and calibration. The results were checked with a reference system and allow to consider the proposed method as an improvement of the Ussing’s chamber
EMMANUEL, FLORENCE. "Conception d'une molecule pour l'etude de l'internalisation dans les cellules vivantes. Double marquage fluorescent de la ricine." Paris 7, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA077164.
Full textMajdoub, Hajtaieb Rim, and Hajtaieb Rim Majdoub. "Polymères nanoporeux et fonctionnalisés à morphologie contrôlée : de la conception aux applications." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00807839.
Full textFouilloux, Virginie. "Contribution à l'amélioration de la qualité et de la gestion des risques en chirurgie cardiaque. : Conception, réalisation et évaluation de techniques d'enseignement basées sur la simulation sur modèle animal vivant." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM5046/document.
Full textThe quality and the risk management became, during the last decade, the main stakes within the initiatives of improvement of medical and paramedical practices.Education and teaching have to constitute the basement on which these various steps can build. In the field of health, the simulation stands out as one of the most successful tools contributing to the improvement of the practices.Our work concerns more particularly the very specialized area represented by cardiac surgery. We propose an educational tool based on the simulation from an in-vivo animal model.After a first stage to design the model and its relevance, two curriculum of training, one concerning basics and the other concerning continuing medical education, are proposed and assessed.To improve the quality and the risk management in France, a comparison with the initiatives already established abroad, in particular in Canada, is depicted.Finally, the School of the CEC comes to illustrate what could be, in France, an example of training curriculum for medical and paramedical professions in the field of the cardiac surgery
Padilla, Ybarra Juan José. "Biopsie optique par spectroscopie de fluorescence des tissus vivants : spectroscopie UV, microspectroscopie, spectroscopie résolue dans le temps : conception instrumentale, traitement automatique du signal et modélisation." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPL124N.
Full textDe, Paula Reis Alline. "Conception biologique complexe : Planification et modèles d'affaires. Le cas du clonage équin." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-01017382.
Full textJaquot, Mélanie. "Conception et optimisation d'un programme de sélection de petits ruminants en milieu tropical : cas du caprin Créole en Guadeloupe." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00992186.
Full textJing, Jing. "Conception et évaluation de systèmes transporteurs de principes actifs hydrophobes à base de polysaccharides modifiés : vers de nouvelles approches pour la thérapie anti-cancéreuse." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00949208.
Full textCrespo, Olivier. "Conception par simulation pour la conduite de culture." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01054339.
Full textZampa, Virginie. "Les outils dans l'enseignement : conception et expérimentation d'un prototype pour l'acquisition par exposition à des textes." Grenoble 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003GRE29043.
Full textBossu, Isabelle. "Conception et synthèse de nouveaux glycoclusters biologiquement actifs." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00680067.
Full textFrost, Dan. "The stress site : l'accent lexical, l'anglais de spécialité et l'oral : la conception d'un outil d'apprentissage médiatisé." Bordeaux 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR21552.
Full textThis PhD thesis recounts an action research project conducted with students of English for specific purposes in the context of computer-mediated learning. Based on the fact that the learners in question often find understanding spoken English difficult, we decided to concentrate our efforts on word stress, a particularly problematic area for French speakers. Our main hypothesis is that a short but thorough exploration of word stress in a multimedia environment can bring about an improvement in the perception of word stress. Our secondary hypothesis is that the development of skills in this area will help with the understanding of spoken English. We review research in phonetics, phonology and second language acquisition to better understand English word stress and why it presents such difficulties for French learners of English. We also examine the relationship between teaching theory and teaching practice in the light of the development of the use of computers in language teaching. The "action" part of this study consists in the conception of a multimedia learning path and in its realisation by subjects from the target population. The conception process draws upon principles in ergonomics and on the results of a survey we carried out on the motivation of the subjects in the relevant areas. We adopt a quantitative and a qualitative approach both in the survey of the subjects' motivation and in the realisation of the learning path
Lamlih, Achraf. "Conception d’un système intégré de mesure de bioimpédance pour le suivi long terme de la composition des tissus biologiques." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTS070/document.
Full textTissue composition assessment techniques are used to help better comprehend physiological processes and their overall impact on the biological state of the experiments subjects. The research presented in this manuscript aims to design a bioimpedance spectroscopy integrated measurement system capable of measuring a wide range of biomarkers over long periods of time (up to one year). The presented measurement system can be used for physiological variables long time monitoring applications in general. Nevertheless, the presented solutions target in particular fish species in the context of the POPSTAR project which aims to enhance our understanding of fish behavior by analyzing not only the environment in which fish travel and live but also the fish themselves. After identifying the design challenges of a bioimpedance spectroscopy integrated measurement system, we have proposed a novel hybrid architecture providing fast bioimpedance spectroscopy while maximizing the measurement precision. As the signal generation blocks are critical and their performances affect the whole architecture performances. The second part of this research focuses on the design and optimization of the signal generation part of the architecture. Indeed, we have enhanced the stimuli generation signals quality for single tone and multitone excitations while proposing for this blocks low complexity on-chip implementations. In the last part of our work the current driver that transforms the voltage stimuli into an excitation current is discussed. A novel analog topology using an improved regulated cascode and a common-mode feedback compensation independent of process variations is presented. The first chip prototype implementing the critical blocks of the bioimpedance integrated measurement architecture has been designed and simulated in a 0.18 µm AMS (Austria MicroSystems) CMOS process operating at 1.8 V power supply
Bol, Ludivine. "Conception d'un microsystème pour l'évaluation du passage de biomolécules à travers la barrière pulmonaire." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01061867.
Full textMailliot, Justine. "Étude structurale de l'histoneméthyltransférase " CARM1 " et de ses complexes biologiquement significatifs : des structures 3D vers la conception rationnelle de composés à action pharmacologique." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00986266.
Full textHoang, Minh Duc. "Conception et synthèse d’auto-assemblages d’amphiphiles diacétyléniques pour les applications en nanomédecine et en catalyse." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS371/document.
Full textThe work described in this manuscript focuses on the study of nanostructures obtained by self-assembly of polymerizable diacetylenic amphiphiles. Two families of compounds have been studied (spherical micelles and bilayer ribbons) and used for biomedical applications on the one hand and for catalysis on the other. At first, polymerized cationic micelles assembled from diacetylenic amphiphiles are synthesized. These micelles were valorized for the transfection of small interfering RNAs in vitro. Then a "biocompatible" micellar catalyst incorporating copper was developed to promote in vitro chemical transformations. Our studies focused on the Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition that we implemented in the intracellular compartment. Finally, we are interested in the synthesis and formulation of supramolecular architectures from diacetylenic amphiphiles. These systems have been used for the asymmetric and semi-heterogeneous catalysis of the aldol reaction
Le, Gal Pierre-Yves. "De l'analyse des pratiques gestionnaires à l'aide à la conception de systèmes de production agricole. Contribution à une agronomie de l'exploitation agricole et des territoires." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00660706.
Full textRimour, Sébastien. "Méthodes et outils logiciels pour la conception de sondes oligonucléotidiques pour puces à ADN." Phd thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CLF21691.
Full textBarger, Diana. "Qualité de vie des personnes vivant avec le VIH : Mesure, déterminants et axes de prise en charge : Conception, recherches préliminaires et première année de mise en œuvre de la sous-étude QuAliV dans la cohorte ANRS CO3 Aquitaine." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0431.
Full textHIV has become a chronic disease in France. Nevertheless, HIV and associated inflammation, the effects of antiretroviral exposure, the high prevalence of modifiable risk factors for age-related diseases (e.g. smoking) and the effects of other viral co-infections together with social and economic vulnerability make the quality of life of people living with HIV (PLWH) an ongoing concern. French clinical guidelines have urged providers to address PLWH’s health as defined by the World Health Organisation. To take on this challenge, we designed an electronic module for the collection of patient-reported outcome linked the ANRS Aquitaine cohort’s data capture and visualisation system. The proposed solution relies on validated questionnaires and its content is based on current clinical guidelines on HIV management. The questionnaires’ psychometric properties, administration method/mode, and length were evaluated and paper-based instruments adapted following the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research’s guidance. Two rounds of usability evaluations were conducted first in research staff and the PLWH. We asked participants to complete a set of tasks using the ‘think aloud’ method and respond to the System Usability Scale (SUS). Input from experts/investigators and subsequently patients was used to improve features of the system. We calculated a summary score and defined “success” a priori as a usability score of 70. Experts reported average SUS scores of 65 ± 18.87 and patients reported average SUS scores of 85 ± 5.4 (p=0.032). To date, the collection of (electronic and paper) patient-reported outcomes, including health-related quality of life, is underway in five hospitals. Of those invited to participate (July 2018-May 2019), 90.5% (1,521/1,681) accepted, 7.1% (119/1,681) refused and 2.4% (41/1,681) were not eligible. Of those who accepted, 82% (1,246/1,521) were considered to have met the basic requirements of the newly designed solution whereas 18% (275/1,521) did not have a personal email address and/or a reliable Internet connection and were provided an identical paper questionnaire. We verified the psychometric properties of the WHOQOL-HIV BREF instrument, chosen to assess (health-related) quality of life in our population in a sample of 586 PLWH (aged 56 on average, 73% were male, 85% were of French origin, 99% were treated and 93% had an undetectable viral load). The French version of the WHOQOL-HIV BREF has acceptable measurement properties and its broad conceptualization of quality of life, going beyond physical and mental health, may be particularly useful in our population. On a scale of 4 (worst) to 20 (best), the personal belief domain had the highest average score (15.04 ± 3.35) and the lowest psychological health domain (13.70 ± 2.78). The most impaired facets (score of 1-5) were personal relationships (2.7 ± 1.25) and financial resources (2.9 ± 1.15). Women scored significantly lower than men on 12 of 29 facets, including the five HIV-specific facets. People born in North Africa or sub-Saharan Africa have lower scores in the environmental health domain than those born in France (13.19 ± 2.10 versus 14.52 ± 2.56, p<0.001). This work has been the first step in fostering a new relationship with those in care in the region. It has resulted in highlighting a number of areas that we feel need to be addressed in order to successfully develop new value-based models of care and social services which take into consideration and efficiently respond to PLWH’s global needs
Ottens, Kévin. "Un système multi-agent adaptatif pour la construction d'ontologies à partir de textes." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00176883.
Full textParce que l'ontologie doit être maintenue, et parce qu'elle peut-être vue comme un système complexe constitué de concepts, nous proposons d'utiliser les systèmes multi-agents adaptatifs pour semi-automatiser le processus de construction des ontologies à partir de texte. L'état stable de ces systèmes résulte des interactions coopératives entre les agents logiciels qui les constituent. Dans notre cas, les agents utilisent des algorithmes distribués d'analyse statistique pour trouver la structure la plus satisfaisante d'après une analyse syntaxique et distributionnelle des textes. L'utilisateur peut alors valider, critiquer ou modifier des parties de cette structure d'agents, qui est la base de l'ontologie en devenir, pour la rendre conforme à ses objectifs et à sa vision du domaine modélisé. En retour, les agents se réorganisent pour satisfaire les nouvelles contraintes introduites. Les ontologies habituellement fixées deviennent ici dynamiques, leur conception devient « vivante ». Ce sont les principes sous-jacents de notre système nommé Dynamo.
La pertinence de cette approche a été mise à l'épreuve par des expérimentations visant à évaluer la complexité algorithmique de notre système, et par son utilisation en conditions réelles. Dans ce mémoire, nous présentons et analysons les résultats obtenus.
Dufour, Emilie. "Inhibiteurs et modèles moléculaires de fibres amyloïdes ° et tau impliquées dans la maladie d'Alzheimer : conception, synthèse et caractérisation." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01062180.
Full textHungr, Nikolai. "Conception et évaluation de systèmes robotiques de ponction d'aguilles percutanées sous contrôle d'imagerie médicale." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00997017.
Full textCamp, Clément. "Conception et réactivité de complexes mono- et polymétalliques d'éléments f en bas degré d'oxydation." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00949379.
Full textBlanc, Nathalie. "L'image support de médiation pour l'enseignement /apprentissage précoce des langues étrangères : conception et utilisation d'un matériel expérimental pour l'enseignement du FLE aux enfants de 5 à 10 ans." Grenoble 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2003GRE39037.
Full textChettaoui, Chafika. "Mécanismes de conception de modèles discrets fondés sur la théorie des jeux pour l'étude des réseaux d'interactions biologiques : application à la migration métastasique." Phd thesis, Université d'Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00419193.
Full textMariais, Christelle. "Modèles pour la conception de Learning Role-Playing Games en formation professionnelle." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00702237.
Full textNocua, Ronald. "Conception et développement d'un système ambulatoire pour la mesure de l'activité du Système Nerveux Autonome pour la surveillance de personnes âgées à domicile." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00486983.
Full textBourbeillon, Julie. "Vers une synthèse d'information orientée tâche - Application à la conception et l'évaluation de Tissue MicroArrays." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00192285.
Full textL'objectif de cette thèse est de proposer une solution à ce problème d'appréhension des données scientifiques. Illustrée dans le domaine applicatif des Tissue MicroArrays, la proposition se base sur la notion de synthèse, inspirée des paradigmes de Recherche d'Information. Le modèle de synthèse envisagé, qui donne un rôle central à l'étude que le chercheur veut mener, par la notion de tâche, permet l'opérationnalisation d'un concept de Recherche d'Information orientée tâche par un prototype. Le prototype mis en place est validé par des étude de cas et une étude utilisateurs et ouvre des perspectives intéressantes d'extension du modèle ou d'extension à d'autres domaines applicatifs.
Renard, Carole. "Etude linguistique et didactique des collocations verbe / substantif en français langue étrangère : vers la conception d'une activité informatisée de sensibilisation." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CLF20012.
Full textLucas-Andrzejak, Virginie. "Conception, synthèse et évaluation pharmacologique de nouveaux inhibiteurs de la Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase (FAAH) potentiellement utilisables dans le traitement des Maladies Inflammatoires Chroniques de l'intestin (MICI)." Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00590867.
Full textLemoine, Hugues. "Les sécoiridoïdes d'Olea europaea et du Lonicera tatarica : matières premières destinées à la conception de nouveaux synthons chiraux pour la synthèse de composés biologiquement actifs et outils pour le développement de nouvelles méthodes d'extraction et de synthèse." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00923156.
Full textMarlu, Raphaël. "Conception rationnelle de nouvelles protéines thérapeutiques dans l'hémophilie : variants du facteur Xa dépourvus du domaine Gla." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00949107.
Full textJuurmaa, Nora. "De Matsui Tarô (1917-2017), écrivain brésilien d’origine japonaise, à Andreï Ivanov (1971- ), écrivain d’origine russe vivant en Estonie : conception de la "mort" dans la littérature de deux communautés issues des migrations, de 1970 à 2010 pour la communauté nippo-brésilienne et de 2008 à 2016 pour la communauté russophone d’Estonie." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE3027.
Full textThe present study proposes an analysis of the function of “death” in the literary fiction of MATSUI Tarô (1917-2017), a leading author in Brazilian Japanese-language literature. A comparison is carried out with the oeuvre of Andrei IVANOV (1971- ), a key author in Estonian Russian-language literature. This thesis is built around Michel Picard’s argument, which proposes that in the literary field, “when we speak about death, we always speak about something else”: “Firstly because the core of the matter is to circumvent the insurmountable difficulty of temporalizing [materialising] the timeless [immaterial] moment of death, but mostly because of the actual preoccupations […] that certainly only concern life. These [preoccupations] themselves have clearly revealed that they [are] no more than symptoms, metaphors of some sort; that the crux of the matter, in this topos as well as each time that “death” is concerned, is unconscious.”After examining the historical and political contexts of the communities in question – the “Japanese” community of Brazil and the Russian-language community in Estonia – this thesis questions the ways that the Japanese-language literary world has been constructed in Brazil. Other questions are then raised: why does “death” appear so frequently in Matsui Tarô’s literary fiction? What are the functions operated by these deaths in his and Andrei Ivanov’s oeuvre? If the subject matter addressed by the two authors is not death per se, what are the real preoccupations at stake? Is it the past that dies, in a way that it seems to be the case in Anton Chekhov’s The Cherry Orchard? How does Matsui Tarô relate to this past? What about Andrei Ivanov? How do they choose, be it unconsciously, to see the past and to dialogue with it? This study shows that while “death” functions, in the literatures of Matsui and Ivanov, as a privileged vehicle conveying the criticisms that the two authors address to their respective communities, it is also used as a tool to communicate a vision for the future of these communities — that is, the proposition of a complete assimilation. The element of “death” points out the reasons why these authors refuse constructed concepts such as “us” (i.e. an isolated community)
Amara, Zacharias. "Conception et synthèse d'analogues pyrrolidiniques d'alcaloïdes de Lobelia comme ligands potentiels des récepteurs nicotiniques centraux à l'acétylcholine." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01055314.
Full textAsses, Yasmine. "Conception par modélisation et criblage in silico d'inhibiteurs du récepteur c-Met." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00653609.
Full textHerman, Benoit. "Étude, réalisation et validation d'un robot porte-endoscope pour chirurgie laparoscopique." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00648648.
Full textFélix-Fromentin, Clotilde. "Entre habit et habitacle, design de l'habiter : penser l'enveloppe, vers un paradigme de la texilité." Thesis, Lille 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL30010.
Full textIn context of the project intended to « maintain or increase the habitability of the world » (Ezio Manzini, 1991), we question the way of thinking the dwelling by design, which meets, according to us, the question of human envelopes, artificial versus biological, material versus virtual. The case of the habit, hypothetical inhabitable envelope derived from garment, primary architecture according to Gottfried Semper and the “theory of clothing”, particularly focuses our attention. The subject is approached by a situated theorizing from a personal experimental project of conception and manufacture of textile envelopes, which demonstrated a rationality and expansiveness quite singular. The study is leaded by a poïetic method, as defined by Paul Valéry, combining an hermeneutical study of production, an exegesis of the systemic nature of the process (program and emergences), and an additional exegesis of the technical work through the acts (craft and irregularities). The inherent transversality of the problem is thus considered with means of the thought of textile art of Semper, the poetic and epistemological thought of Valéry, and the complex aesthetic thought outcome from of the life sciences. The theoretical construction takes us to suggest, in comparison with the one of habitability, the way to a new paradigm of textility