To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Conceptual and categorical apparatus.
Books on the topic 'Conceptual and categorical apparatus'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 36 books for your research on the topic 'Conceptual and categorical apparatus.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse books on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Edwards, Steven D. Relativism, conceptual schemes, and categorical frameworks. Aldershot, England: Avebury, 1990.
Find full text
2
Sandborn, Peter A. Conceptual design of multichip modules and systems. Boston: Kluwer Academic, 1994.
Find full text
3
Kobozeva, Nadezhda, and Vera Dunaeva. The quality of audit services: concept, methodology, tools. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1016909.
Full textAbstract:
In the monograph developed a scientifically grounded concept and methodological quality assurance of audit services. Used in the Russian practice the system of indicators of audit quality are not sufficiently effective due to the lack of a uniform conceptual apparatus in the field of audit quality, allowing you to combine the expectations of users, requirements of regulatory bodies and public auditing. The most urgent task of the present stage of development of audit activities is the development of holistic, taking account of national features of the concept of audit quality.
For students undergraduate and graduate, auditors, specialists of bodies of state financial control and supervision of University teachers.
4
Fedoscheva, Natal'ya. International law. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/987504.
Full textAbstract:
Based on current Russian legislation, international treaties, and scientific research, the textbook examines in detail the main concepts, categories, branches, and institutions of modern international law. The content of the manual covers the basic conceptual and terminological apparatus of international law and the main problems of its application and interpretation. Special attention is paid to the global problems of our time. Meets the requirements of the Federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. For students of educational institutions of higher education studying in the direction of training 40.03.01 "Jurisprudence", as well as for graduate students, students of the system of additional professional education, teachers and anyone interested in the development, improvement and implementation of international law.
5
Mayorova, Elena. Judicial-ecological examination. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1031595.
Full textAbstract:
The manual includes a modern interpretation of the concept of judicial expertise, and the theoretical basis of forensic and ecological examination, containing a description of its subject, the definition of the scope of the tasks and the objects of expert research. Considered in detail the procedural and organisational issues of appointment and production of forensic-ecological expertise, order of registration of the conclusion outlined the limits of its use in the process of proof. Presents current methodological and conceptual apparatus of the system of examination of this kind, the problems of information support of expert studies.
Meets the requirements of Federal state educational standards of higher education of the last generation.
Addressed to the bachelors of science areas of training associated with the assessment of the ecological state of the environment.
6
Anikin, Boris, and Irina Rudaya. Outsourcing and outstaffing: high management technologies. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1442619.
Full textAbstract:
The textbook contains a theoretical generalization of the directions of outsourcing and outstaffing development as technologies of modern management. The conceptual apparatus of outsourcing and outstaffing, the essence of individual forms and types of outsourcing, the content and main stages of the implementation of an outsourcing project are considered. The spheres of application of outsourcing and outstaffing in the management of the organization are defined, the features of knowledge outsourcing are highlighted. Practical examples are given and trends in the development of the outsourcing and outstaffing services market in Russia and abroad are identified.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
For students studying in the direction of training 38.03.02 "Management", undergraduates and postgraduates, teachers and researchers of educational institutions of higher education, as well as students of the system of additional professional education, managers of various levels of management, specialists in management consulting.
7
Makarov, Aleksey, Irina Hvostova, Elena Ryabova, and Aleksandr Larin. Environmental responsibility and financial policy of the company: methodological aspects of the analysis. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1246521.
Full textAbstract:
The actualization of environmental problems makes it necessary to study them in connection with the financial and economic aspects of the modern company.
The main content of the monograph is formed by the conceptual, theoretical and methodological aspects of the analysis of corporate financial policy, studied in conjunction with the study of the factors of environmental responsibility of the company. The necessity of revision is analyzed and the directions of improvement of the methodological apparatus for the formation and implementation of financial policy in new conditions are determined.
Particular attention is paid to the empirical analysis of indicators of environmental responsibility and environmental efficiency at different organizational levels. The results obtained are valuable in order to improve corporate practices for managing environmental responsibility factors and improving the financial efficiency of companies.
For a wide range of readers, including researchers, practitioners, postgraduates, applicants and students studying in the areas of "Economics", "Finance and Credit", "Management".
8
Vlasyenko, Nikolay, Artem Tsirin, YEkatyerina Spyektor, Natalya Povetkina, Zarina Bedoeva, Yuliya Belyaeva, Maksim Zaloilo, Elena Rafalyuk, and E. Sidorova. Dictionary on the Subject of Anti-Corruption. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/18663.
Full textAbstract:
Currently, the problem of combating corruption is in the center of attention of Russian society and the state. The legal and organizational framework for combating corruption has been formed. Anti-corruption legislation is constantly being improved, becoming more holistic and systematic, so further classification of its concepts is required.
The Glossary contains more than 500 terms of Russian and foreign language origin, which are basic in the practice of combating corruption and are used in criminal, administrative and financial law of Russia; it guides the reader in a complex system of modern legal categories related to anti-corruption topics; uses the tools of international agreements ratified by the Russian Federation; it will help clarify the conceptual apparatus of normative legal acts and eliminate contradictions in existing documents.
The publication is intended to be used in the educational process in the framework of scientific and educational support for combating corruption.
For employees of scientific institutions and government agencies, teachers, students, postgraduates of higher educational institutions and practicing lawyers.
9
Mishenin, Sergey. Information and analytical work. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/987953.
Full textAbstract:
In the textbook the basic concepts concerning the organization and technology of information work of the student-historian are considered. It includes four sections: the first determines the place of the course's problems in the process of historical knowledge; the second tracks the principal features of facts, sources and research, which can potentially be the sphere of historical research; the third introduces the reader to the principles, conceptual apparatus, laws, methods and judgments as means of knowledge.; the fourth introduces the experience of constructing the text of the study, which sums up a certain result of the work done and allows you to " translate the process of learning a new state of relative knowledge."
Meets the requirements of the Federal state educational standards of higher education of the last generation.
It is intended for undergraduate students studying the discipline "Information and analytical work". It can be useful to persons preparing for admission to the master's degree in the areas of training "History" and "International relations", as well as all those interested in working with documents and other media.
10
Nikiforova, Elena, Lyudmila Kupriyanova, Viktor Shnayder, Marina Borovickaya, Ol'ga Gizatullina, Natal'ya Mihalenok, and Leyla Berdnikova. Management analysis. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1414397.
Full textAbstract:
The textbook reveals the role and importance of management analysis in the formation of the strategy and tactics of organization management, taking into account the industry specifics of the functioning of economic entities in the production sector, the conceptual apparatus of management analysis; describes the main approaches to information support; presents applied tools and practical situations aimed at ensuring the financial stability of business, describes approaches to assessing the effectiveness of entrepreneurial activity based on alternative management solutions adequate to current real-time conditions.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
It is intended for graduate students of economic universities, teachers, practitioners and specialists in the field of management and analysis, studying in the field of training 38.04.01 "Economics", to acquire practical skills in conducting managerial analysis and making informed managerial decisions. It may be of interest to employees of financial services, financial managers of enterprises, as well as students of the system of training, certification and development of professional competencies of managers, auditors and business analysis specialists.
11
Avhadeev, V., L. Bitkova, C. Bogolyubov, I. Bondarchuk, A. Vinokurov, E. Galinovskaya, D. Gorohov, et al. Implementation of the Law on Responsible Treatment of Animals: from the quality of norms to effective law enforcement. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1410760.
Full textAbstract:
The collection contains articles on the quality of the conceptual apparatus and terminology of Federal Law No. 498-FZ of December 27, 2018 "On Responsible Treatment of Animals and on Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation", the subject of its legal regulation, the effectiveness of the mechanism for its implementation laid down in the law, state supervision and public control in the field of animal treatment. The problems of organizing the activities of animal shelters without owners, protecting animals from abuse and responsibility for such offenses, directions and ways to improve Federal Law No. 498-FZ and the practice of its application are also highlighted. Attention is paid not only to modern, but also to historical, international and foreign experience of legal regulation of the considered social relations, norms-requirements, restrictions and prohibitions in the field of keeping and using animals, moral and ethical aspects of interaction between people and animals, which emphasizes the complex and interdisciplinary nature of the presented research.
The publication is addressed to lawyers-scientists and practitioners, subjects of the law of legislative initiative, employees of state authorities and local self-government bodies directly involved in the application of the norms of Federal Law No. 498-FZ, employees of various organizations engaged in the maintenance, use and protection of animals, animal rights activists, students and postgraduates of law schools, as well as a wide range of readers interested in this issue.
12
Leonardi, Laura, ed. Opening the european box. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-8453-593-1.
Full textAbstract:
Viewed from a theoretical and empirical perspective, the ongoing process of Europeanization poses new challenges to sociology. As a science, sociology reveals the inadequacy of the conceptual and methodological instruments currently available for our understanding of European social phenomena. Sociologists fi nd it di cult to defi ne the very object under scrutiny: does a European society exist? How should we defi ne a society whose boundary lines are variable? Does a study of Europe from a sociological perspective entail a study of the European Union, or of a broader social formation? e di culty encountered in "studying Europe" in the sociological area is linked to a broader theoretical debate which, in the light of the ongoing processes of change, queries the entire cognitive apparatus and the theoretical paradigms developed by sociological disciplines and related to the modernity of the western world. e "national constellation" of norms, institutions and regulative techniques which have allowed political and social integration within the national state, are now challenged by phenomena which undermine their very epistemological foundations. e concepts applied to the study of social and political integration, - society, state, legitimacy, social inequality, mobility, justice, solidarity, etc.- are, in a classic defi nition of the term, no longer e cient in discerning the phenomena which impact on contemporary societies. e variety of themes discussed by several Italian and foreign authors explore many aspects of the workings of Europe; they reveal new theoretical and methodological perspectives with which we set out to study the political, social, cultural and economic phenomena which today characterize Europe.
13
Linnebo, Øystein. The Julius Caesar Problem. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199641314.003.0009.
Full textAbstract:
The Julius Caesar problem concerns cross-categorical identities such as “3 = Julius Caesar”. The problem and its significance to some Fregean projects are explained. The notions of sortal and category are introduced. A neo-Fregean argument to the effect that every object belongs to a unique category is criticized and an alternative, more pragmatic argument to the same effect is developed. The handling of such mixed identity statements often needs conceptual decisions, not just factual discoveries. The conceptual decisions of our ancestors are implicit in our inherited linguistic practices, which have by and large legislated against the overlap of categories, but exceptions to the rule are certainly possible and very likely even actual.
14
de Vignemont, Frédérique. Taxonomies of Body Representations. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198735885.003.0009.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter considers the relationship between body representations, action, and bodily experiences. It first clarifies the conceptual landscape of body representations and stresses the conceptual and empirical difficulties that the current body schema/body image taxonomy faces, difficulties that can be explained by their constant interaction but not only. There is indeed a lack of precise understanding of the functional role of the body schema as opposed to the body image. Instead of these unclear notions, the chapter proposes distinguishing different types of body representations on the basis of their direction of fit and of their spatial organization. On the one hand, there is a purely descriptive body map that represents well-segmented categorical body parts, in which one can localize one’s sensations. On the other hand, there is a body map that is both descriptive and directive (i.e. pushmi-pullyu representation), and that encodes structural bodily affordances for action planning and control.
15
Goodhart, Michael. The Bifocal Approach. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190692421.003.0005.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter argues that conceptualizing justice claims as ideological claims facilitates the reconciliation and integration of realistic and normative analysis within a single framework. It proposes a bifocal approach that combines an analytical and a “partisan” lens within a single theoretical apparatus, providing a more comprehensive understanding of injustice than its competitors by integrating two crucial functions of political theory: the analysis and critique of ideologies and substantive normative critique and political prescription. This approach depends on a conception of political normativity as hypothetical rather than categorical; the chapter defends this conception of normativity as theoretically plausible, motivationally adequate, and crucially enabling for theorizing justice and injustice.
16
Heunen, Chris, and Jamie Vicary. Categories for Quantum Theory. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198739623.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
Monoidal category theory serves as a powerful framework for describing logical aspects of quantum theory, giving an abstract language for parallel and sequential composition and a conceptual way to understand many high-level quantum phenomena. Here, we lay the foundations for this categorical quantum mechanics, with an emphasis on the graphical calculus that makes computation intuitive. We describe superposition and entanglement using biproducts and dual objects, and show how quantum teleportation can be studied abstractly using these structures. We investigate monoids, Frobenius structures and Hopf algebras, showing how they can be used to model classical information and complementary observables. We describe the CP construction, a categorical tool to describe probabilistic quantum systems. The last chapter introduces higher categories, surface diagrams and 2-Hilbert spaces, and shows how the language of duality in monoidal 2-categories can be used to reason about quantum protocols, including quantum teleportation and dense coding. Previous knowledge of linear algebra, quantum information or category theory would give an ideal background for studying this text, but it is not assumed, with essential background material given in a self-contained introductory chapter. Throughout the text, we point out links with many other areas, such as representation theory, topology, quantum algebra, knot theory and probability theory, and present nonstandard models including sets and relations. All results are stated rigorously and full proofs are given as far as possible, making this book an invaluable reference for modern techniques in quantum logic, with much of the material not available in any other textbook.
17
Colpan, Asli M., and Takashi Hikino. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198717973.003.0001.
Full textAbstract:
While business groups are a dominant and critical business organization in contemporary emerging economies and have lately attracted much attention in academic circles and business presses, interestingly their counterparts in developed economies have not been systematically examined. This chapter serves as an introduction to this volume that examines the origins, evolution, and resilience of business groups in the developed economies of Western Europe, North America and Oceania. First, it describes the major aims of the volume and argues why it focuses on business groups in developed economies. Second, it examines the categorical classifications of various types of business groups, as conceptual clarification is necessary to distinguish different varieties of this organizational model at the outset of the volume. Third, the chapter explores the varieties of diversified business groups and their comparable organizational models under the category of “multi-unit enterprises.” It concludes by giving an outline of the entire volume.
18
van Beers, Britta. Imagining Future People in Biomedical Law. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198795896.003.0007.
Full textAbstract:
Human genetic engineering and other human enhancement technologies bring about uncertainties and risks on both the physical and the conceptual and intangible levels. Much of the controversy surrounding these emerging technologies is due to the fact that categorical distinctions, such as between person and thing, and chance and choice, are blurred in radical ways. As a consequence, the emergence of biomedical technologies also entails, what could be called, metaphysical risks and symbolic uncertainties. This chapter explores the ways in which imaginings of the future of mankind and mankind itself have found their way into international legal regulation of biomedical technologies through an analysis of recent debates on the international ban on human germline genetic engineering. This prohibition, which is at the heart of international biolaw, is currently being questioned as recent scientific breakthroughs in the field of gene-editing are about to turn human genetic engineering into a reality.
19
Yalçıner, Ruhtan. Political Philosophy and Nationalism. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.276.
Full textAbstract:
Theoretical debates for a better definition of nationalism have played a key role in understanding the core issues of history, sociology, and political sciences. Classical modernist theories of nationalism mainly synthesized former sociological and historical approaches with a political science perspective. Within the classical modernist perspective, the necessity and importance of transformation from traditional culture and society to a horizontal one in the agenda of modernization was characterized as a universal consequence of industrialization. Some of the foremost complexities and problems involved in the classical and contemporary studies of nation and nationalism include the logic of dualization; the definition of nationalism with reference to its substantive and paradigmatic nature; and whether it is possible to concretely construct a universal theory of nationalism. Both classical and contemporary theories of nations and nationalism can be postulated with reference to two major theoretical sides. Universalist theories of nations and nationalism focus on the categorical structure of nationalism in conceptual grounds while being associated with (neo)positivistic methodological points of departure. On the other hand, particularist theories of nationalism underline the immanent characteristics of nations and nationalism by going through nominalism and relativism in methodological grounds. Considering the conceptual, epistemological, and theoretical contributions of “postclassical approach to nationalism” in the 1990s, three major contributions in contemporary nationalism studies can be marked: the increasing research on gender, sexuality, and feminist social theory; the framework of “new social theory” or “critical social theory”; and the discussions derived from political philosophy and normative political theory.
20
Brück, Joanna. Personifying Prehistory. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198768012.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
The Bronze Age is frequently framed in social evolutionary terms. Viewed as the period which saw the emergence of social differentiation, the development of long-distance trade, and the intensification of agricultural production, it is seen as the precursor and origin-point for significant aspects of the modern world. This book presents a very different image of Bronze Age Britain and Ireland. Drawing on the wealth of material from recent excavations, as well as a long history of research, it explores the impact of the post-Enlightenment 'othering' of the non-human on our understanding of Bronze Age society. There is much to suggest that the conceptual boundary between the active human subject and the passive world of objects, so familiar from our own cultural context, was not drawn in this categorical way in the Bronze Age; the self was constructed in relational rather than individualistic terms, and aspects of the non-human world such as pots, houses, and mountains were considered animate entities with their own spirit or soul. In a series of thematic chapters on the human body, artefacts, settlements, and landscapes, this book considers the character of Bronze Age personhood, the relationship between individual and society, and ideas around agency and social power. The treatment and deposition of things such as querns, axes, and human remains provides insights into the meanings and values ascribed to objects and places, and the ways in which such items acted as social agents in the Bronze Age world.
21
Huber, Franz. Belief and Counterfactuals. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199976119.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
This book is the first of two volumes on belief and counterfactuals. It consists of six of a total of eleven chapters. The first volume is concerned primarily with questions in epistemology and is expository in parts. Among other theories, it provides an accessible introduction to belief revision and ranking theory. Ranking theory specifies how conditional beliefs should behave. It does not tell us why they should do so nor what they are. This book fills these two gaps. The consistency argument tells us why conditional beliefs should obey the laws of ranking theory by showing them to be the means to attaining the end of holding true and informative beliefs. The conditional theory of conditional belief tells us what conditional beliefs are by specifying their nature in terms of non-conditional belief and counterfactuals. In addition, the book contains several novel arguments, accounts, and applications. These include an argument for the thesis that there are only hypothetical imperatives and no categorical imperatives; an account of the instrumentalist understanding of normativity, or rationality, according to which one ought to take the means to one’s ends; as well as solutions to the problems of conceptual belief change, logical learning, and learning conditionals. A distinctive feature of the book is its unifying methodological approach: means-end philosophy. Means-end philosophy takes serious that philosophy is a normative discipline, and that philosophical problems are entangled with each other. It also explains the importance of logic to philosophy, without being a technical theory itself.
22
Wulf, Volker, Volkmar Pipek, David Randall, Markus Rohde, Kjeld Schmidt, and Gunnar Stevens, eds. Socio-Informatics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198733249.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
The last 25 years have seen a small revolution in our approach to the understanding of new technology and information systems. It has become a founding assumption of computer-supported cooperative work and human–computer interaction that in the future, if not already, most computer applications will be socially embedded in the sense that they will become infrastructures (in some sense) for the development of the social practices which they are designed to support. Assuming that IT artifacts have to be understood in this sociotechnical way, traditional criteria for good design in computer science, such as performance, reliability, stability or usability, arguably need to be supplemented by methods and perspectives which illuminate the way in which technology and social practice are mutually elaborating. This book concerns the philosophy, conceptual apparatus, and methodological concerns which will inform the development of a systematic and long-term human-centered approach to the IT-product life cycle, addressing issues concerned with appropriation and infrastructuring. This entails an orientation to “practice-based computing.” The book contains a number of chapters which examine both the conceptual foundations of such an approach, and a number of empirical case studies that exemplify it.
23
Polzenhagen, Frank, and Hans-Georg Wolf. World Englishes and Cognitive Linguistics. Edited by Markku Filppula, Juhani Klemola, and Devyani Sharma. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199777716.013.016.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter presents Cognitive Linguistics as a framework for investigating World Englishes. In particular, it aims to show that the theoretical and methodological apparatus of Cognitive Linguistics provides a suitable handle for analyzing the sociocultural dimension of language and language variation. For this purpose, case studies of first and second language varieties of English are highlighted in which cognitive-linguistic notions have been fruitfully applied in this respect. The focus is on allophone variation from the perspective of the associated sociocultural meaning, the contribution of conceptual-metaphor and cultural-keyword research to the comparative study of varieties of English, and the manifestation of ‘cultural models’ in varieties that are rooted in markedly different cultural contexts.
24
Russian Literature of the 20th-21st centuries as a whole process. LCC MAKS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m1764.978-5-317-06512-6.
Full textAbstract:
The collection of works of VII International scientific conference “Russian Literature of the 20th-21st centuries as a whole process (issues of theoretical and methodological research)” contains papers devoted to the most relevant and significant problems of contemporary Russian literature studies. The most important aspects of the theory and methodology of literature studies are considered, first of all those which are connected with genre and style characteristics of works, the problem of the author, his worldview and aesthetic landmarks, discussed issues related to the conceptual apparatus of modern literary criticism. Although theoretical problems are of primary importance in the edition, the history of Russian literature of the 20th-21st centuries is also presented in the book.
25
Davison, Claire. Cross-Channel Modernisms. Edited by Derek Ryan and Jane A. Goldman. Edinburgh University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474441872.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
Described by Katherine Mansfield in 1921 as ‘a great cold sword between you and your dear love Adventure’, in the early twentieth century the English Channel, or ‘la Manche’ in French, represented both a political and intellectual barrier between European avant-gardism and British restraint, and a bridge for cultural connection and aesthetic innovation. Organised around key terms ‘Translating’, ‘Fashioning’ and ‘Mediating’, this book presents ten original essays by scholars working on both sides of the Channel. Cross-Channel Modernisms historicises artistic exchanges in Britain, France and beyond, and proposes a rich conceptual apparatus of ‘crossings’ and ‘channels’ through which we can read modernism and understand it as emerging from, and intervening in, an always-already shifting, multivalent, international context.
26
Puranam, Phanish. Methodologies for Microstructures. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199672363.003.0009.
Full textAbstract:
I review developments in theory and methodology that may allow us to begin creating innovative forms of organizing, rather than rest content with studying them after they have emerged. We now have the conceptual and technical apparatus to prototype organization designs at small scale, cheaply and fast. The process of organization re-design can be seen in terms of multiple stages. It begins with careful observation of phenomena. Qualitative or indeed quantitative induction (i.e. data mining) can play a critical role here. Once we have some understanding or at least conjectures about underlying mechanisms, we can use the behavioral lab or an agent-based model to run cheap experiments to adjust the design. Once we have formulated a new design, we may want to run a field experiment with randomization. If the results look satisfactory, we can scale up and implement.
27
Innes, Martin, and Helen Innes. Signal Crimes, Social Reactions, and the Future of Environmental Criminology. Edited by Gerben J. N. Bruinsma and Shane D. Johnson. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190279707.013.11.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter examines the precepts associated with the signal crimes perspective (SCP). It begins by setting out that a signal is something that transmits messages to an audience. Thinking in terms of signals and “signaling” opens up new ways of seeing crime, disorder, and social control. In particular, it keys into an event-based unit of analysis, as opposed to measuring impacts in an aggregated form. Having laid out the conceptual apparatus of the SCP, the discussion proceeds on to briefly consider how SCP compares with more established criminological frameworks for studying reactions to and consequences of crime. The latter sections of the chapter focus on the ways that changes to the information environment, associated with an era of “big data” and social media, are altering the incidents that signal and how their impacts travel across space and time.
28
Lu-Adler, Huaping. The Nature and Place of Logic. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190907136.003.0003.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter sketches a history of philosophy of logic from Aristotle, along with Epicurus and the early Stoics, to the late sixteenth century. The analysis revolves around the (supposedly) scientific status of logic on the one hand and its utility on the other. Following clues found in Kant’s works, the chapter explains how key questions about the nature and place of logic evolved over time. It tracks down a range of historically significant positions, represented by Avicenna, Averroës, Thomas Aquinas, and William of Ockham among others. In so doing, the discussion pays special attention to the newly developed conceptual apparatus, such as logica naturalis versus logica artificialis, logica utens versus logica docens, and scientia realis versus scientia rationalis. These distinctions would eventually come to fruition in Christian Wolff’s theory of logic, arguably the most formative source as well as a major target of Kant’s.
29
Matwijkiw, Anja, and Bronik Matwijkiw. Bahrain Anno 2017: Peace or Regime-Change? Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190923846.003.0006.
Full textAbstract:
Transitional justice addresses conflicts and their resolution with the use of a conceptual and normative apparatus that captures, clarifies and, wherever possible, corrects failed states. These undermine values that derive from humanity, the conditio sine qua non for social cohesiveness. Notwithstanding, the six-year anniversary of the 2011 civil unrest in Bahrain is a reminder of the fact that post-conflict success—which entails compliance with the United Nations rule of law standards—is still a contentious issue. Thus, the national rulers’ interest in maintaining the system may continue to compete with the international stake in legitimate statehood without thereby compelling those in power to consider the constituency that primarily depends upon them for their freedom and welfare: the majority of people in Bahrain. Logically, system-conservation requires peace. Ethically, peace is problematic for the same reason. This accentuates the need for change, especially since (so-called) conflict-resolution has resulted in strict(er) law-and-order measures.
30
Martin, Nancy M., and Joseph Runzo. Love. Edited by John Corrigan. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195170214.003.0018.
Full textAbstract:
Love lies at the heart of the religious life, as a principle mode of relationship between the human and the transcendent, as a guiding motivation for the moral life, and, for many, as a defining attribute of the transcendent. Among all the emotions, love is the most transformative. Yet the transformative power of love can be highly disruptive, contravening the careful conceptual apparatus of religion, undermining institutional religious authority, and upsetting social expectations and hierarchies. And if the power of the emotion of love is not harnessed for self-transformation, then rather than enhancing the other-regarding perspective prescribed by religion, this emotion can increase attachment, partiality, and self-centeredness. In theistic traditions such as Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Baha'i, bhakti Hinduism, and Sikhism, love is considered an essential defining attribute of God and a definitive mode—if not the single definitive mode—of relationship between humans and the divine. This article discusses the nature of love and emotion, love as an attribute of the transcendent, and love as the response to the transcendent.
31
Cordelli, Chiara. The Privatized State. Princeton University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691205755.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
Many governmental functions today — from the management of prisons and welfare offices to warfare and financial regulation — are outsourced to private entities. Education and health care are funded in part through private philanthropy rather than taxation. Can a privatized government rule legitimately? This book argues that it cannot. It argues that privatization constitutes a regression to a precivil condition — what philosophers centuries ago called “a state of nature.” Developing a compelling case for the democratic state and its administrative apparatus, the book shows how privatization reproduces the very same defects that Enlightenment thinkers attributed to the precivil condition, and which only properly constituted political institutions can overcome — defects such as provisional justice, undue dependence, and unfreedom. The book advocates for constitutional limits on privatization and a more democratic system of public administration, and lays out the central responsibilities of private actors in contexts where governance is already extensively privatized. Charting a way forward, it presents a new conceptual account of political representation and novel philosophical theories of democratic authority and legitimate lawmaking. The book shows how privatization undermines the very reason political institutions exist in the first place, and advocates for a new way of administering public affairs that is more democratic and just.
32
Gardner, Colin. Chaoid Cinema. Edinburgh University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474494021.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
The book expands on a burgeoning area in contemporary film studies that explores absences and interstices such as black and white screens that interrupt the film narrative in order to explore buried or hidden philosophical and affective layers that, once revealed, will radically change our reading of the film. In this case I explore silences in the soundtrack – not ambient silence or so-called ‘room tone’ but complete sound drop-outs, as if the film projector had broken down, thereby jolting the audience out of their passive relationship to the screen so that they become aware of their surroundings and the material apparatus of film as a mechanical device. The book uses a chronological case study approach so that these dislocations can be analyzed in a wide variety of contexts, ranging from early sound film in Weimar Germany to the post-war French avant-garde, the student and worker uprisings of May ’68, Cinema Nôvo in Brazil and post-revolutionary cinema in Iran. The main conceptual underpinning of the book is Deleuze and Guattari’s concept of Chaoids, which are various organizations of chaos through the different disciplines of science, philosophy and art. In this case I use silence to pursue a variety of vectors that open up the surface plane of art (in this case cinema) to discover different philosophical (and by extension, political) singularities and multiplicities.
33
Attardo, Salvatore. The Linguistics of Humor. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198791270.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
This book is the first comprehensive systematic introduction to the linguistics of humor. Assuming no background in humor studies at all, and an elementary knowledge of linguistics, all the terminology and conceptual apparatus of humor studies are introduced, as well as all the linguistic concepts necessary to understand the most up-to-date formulations in the linguistics and applied linguistics of humor. The book is not limited to the theoretical linguistic analyses of humor (for example the General Theory of Verbal humor or the Isotopy Disjunction Model), but has a broad approach encompassing pragmatics, conversation and discourse analysis, ethnomethodology, interactionist and variationist sociolinguistics. Chapters on puns, on the main theories of humor, the semiotics of humor, and on the incongruity-resolution model elucidate the foundations of humor studies, while chapters on the performance of humor, on humor in conversation and discourse, provide the first-ever in-depth discussion and synthesis of the field of the applied linguistics of humor. Chapters on the translation of humor, and on humor in the classroom and in literature broaden the discussion to applications in fields other than linguistics. For the first time ever in a discussion of the linguistics of humor all the fields of linguistics, theoretical and applied alike are given equal treatment and theoretical importance. Thus this book is both a summary of the acquired knowledge about humor and linguistics and a proposal to unify most of the strands of research in a coherent vision.
34
Reginster, Bernard. The Will to Nothingness. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198868903.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
In the present study, I develop an interpretation of the critical approach to morality (especially Christian morality), which Nietzsche develops in On the Genealogy of Morality. My approach is framed by his characterization of its three essays as psychological studies, and more specifically as applications of his claim that moralities are “signs” or “symptoms” of the affective states of moral agents. The relation between morality and affects envisioned here is functional, rather than expressive. The genealogical inquiries are designed to show how Christian morality is well suited to serve certain emotional needs. They reveal the role played by a particular emotional need, manifested in the affect of ressentiment and the urge for revenge. This is the need to have the world reflect one’s will, which is rooted in a special drive toward power, or toward bending the world to one’s will. Revenge is plausibly understood as aiming to bolster or restore power when it is threatened, and the adoption of the conceptual apparatus of Christian morality, including its new values, is a particular way to do so: by altering the agent’s will (her values), it alters what counts as power for her. By thus revealing how it is well suited to play such a functional role in the emotional economy of moral agents, the genealogical inquiries arouse critical suspicion toward Christian morality. The use of this moral outlook as an instrument of revenge is problematic not because it is immoral, but because it is functionally self-undermining.
35
Salton, Herman T. Dangerous Diplomacy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198733591.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
This book assesses the role of the UN Secretariat in the Rwandan genocide. With the help of new sources, including the personal diaries and private papers of the late Sir Marrack Goulding, it situates the Rwanda operation within the context of bureaucratic friction existing at Headquarters in the early 1990s between the Department of Political Affairs (DPA) and the Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO). The book argues that these units clashed not only over resources (a classic symptom of bureaucratic pathology) but also over the scope of peacekeeping and the role of the Secretary-General (SG) within it. This rivalry also reflected a split between a strong-willed SG determined to leave his mark on international affairs and to use his ‘political’ department independently of states, and Washington and the politico-military apparatus of the Pentagon, which in Somalia, Rwanda, Bosnia, and Haiti found itself increasingly at odds with Boutros-Ghali. Although the book looks at how this bureaucratic and power-political confrontation impacted on the Rwanda mission, it identifies the conceptual reasons for the DPA–DPKO split in the grey area that separates peacebuilding and peacekeeping. The difficulty of distinguishing these two key UN functions, coupled with the creative tension between SGs and states, explains why six decades after the birth of the UN, it has still not been possible to demarcate the exact roles of DPA and DPKO. Far from being dull and irrelevant, the book concludes that the UN bureaucracy is an intriguing barometer of the role of the Secretary-General in world politics.
36
Jones, Charlotte. Realism, Form, and Representation in the Edwardian Novel. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198857921.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
‘The real represents to my perception the things that we cannot possibly not know, sooner or later, in one way or another,’ wrote Henry James in 1907. This description, riven with double negatives, hesitation, and uncertainty, encapsulates the epistemological difficulties of realism, for underlying its narrative and descriptive apparatus as an aesthetic mode lies a philosophical quandary. What grounds the ‘real’ of the realist novel? What kind of perception is required to validate the experience of reality? How does the realist novel represent the difficulty of knowing? What comes to the fore in James’s account, as in so many, is how the forms of realism are constituted by a relation to unknowing, absence and ineffability. Realism, Form, and Representation in the Edwardian Novel recovers a neglected literary history centred on the intricate relationship between fictional representation and philosophical commitment. It asks how—or if—we can conceptualize realist novels when the objects of their representational intentions are realities that might exist beyond what is empirically verifiable by sense data or analytically verifiable by logic, and are thus irreducible to conceptual schemes or linguistic practices—a formulation Charlotte Jones refers to as ‘synthetic realism’. In new readings of Edwardian novels (including Conrad’s Nostromo and The Secret Agent, Wells’s Tono-Bungay, and Ford’s The Good Soldier), Jones revises and reconsiders key elements of realist novel theory—metaphor and metonymy; character interiority; the insignificant detail; omniscient narration and free indirect discourse; causal linearity—to uncover the representational strategies by which realist writers grapple with the recalcitrance of reality as a referential anchor, and seek to give form to the force, opacity, and uncertain scope of realities that may lie beyond the material. In restoring a metaphysical dimension to the realist novel’s imaginary, Realism, Form, and Representation in the Edwardian Novel offers a new conceptualisation of realism both within early twentieth-century literary culture and as a transhistorical mode of representation.