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Yasuhara, Kazuya. "Conceptual Blending and Anaphoric Phenomena: A Cognitive Semantics Approach." Kyoto University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/142283.
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Kyoto University (京都大学)0048
新制・課程博士
博士(人間・環境学)
甲第16155号
人博第538号
新制||人||131(附属図書館)
22||人博||538(吉田南総合図書館)
28734
京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科共生人間学専攻
(主査)教授 山梨 正明, 教授 藤田 耕司, 教授 齋藤 治之
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Stadelmann, Vera [Verfasser]. "Language, cognition, interaction : Conceptual blending as discursive practice / Vera Stadelmann." Gießen : Universitätsbibliothek, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1064024068/34.
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Green, K. M. C. "Music and the English lyric poem : explorations in conceptual blending." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.548551.
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Coulson, Seana. "Semantic leaps : frame-shifting and conceptual blending in meaning construction /." Cambridge ; New York ; Madrid : Cambridge university press, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37685618z.
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Vengalienė, Dovilė. "Irony within the scope of conceptual blending in Lithuanian and American on-line news headlines: a comparative analysis." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20111227_091900-46662.
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In the dissertation, the theoretical assumptions proposed by the cognitive model of conceptual blending have been applied to the practical study of irony in Lithuanian and American news website headlines, proving that the theory of blending is able to account for the mechanism of irony processing, and does not conflict with the majority of the other theories of irony processing. The dissertation aims at determining cross-cultural similarities and differences in the structure, processing and functioning of irony in American and Lithuanian news headlines by exploring the integration mechanisms and their constituent parts within the framework of conceptual blending. Based on data collected from Lithuanian and American news websites, the thesis explores empirically the types of integration models, frames, inner and outer vital relations, compressions, means of expression, functions and conventionalization that create irony. In accordance with the main aim the changes in the perception of the phenomenon of irony are identified, the ideas related to the definition of irony are consolidated, a list of possible indicators of irony is composed and the role of context in irony comprehension discussed. The dissertation does not only examine empirically the practical viability of the application of the conceptual blending framework to the analysis of irony, but also, while performing a contrastive analysis, makes an attempt at characterizing common and specific features of Lithuanian and... [to full text]Disertacijoje teorinės konceptualiojo blendingo prielaidos taikomos praktiniam ironijos tyrimui naujienų antraštėse lietuviškame ir amerikietiškame žiniatinkliuose siekiant įrodyti, kad blendingo teorija yra pajėgi paaiškinti ironijos veikimo mechanizmą neprieštaraujant daugumai kitų ironijos suvokimo teorijų. Remiantis konceptualiojo blendingo teorija disertacijoje keliamas tikslas nustatyti ironijos sukūrimo ir išraiškos struktūros, perteikimo ir funkcionavimo, integracinius mechanizmų bei jų sudedamųjų dalių panašumus ir skirtumus tiriant Amerikos ir Lietuvos žiniatinklių antraštes. Tikslui pasiekti disertacijoje apžvelgiamas ironijos sampratos kitimas, konsoliduojamos ironijos apibrėžimo idėjos, pateikiama ironijos mechanizmo teorijų apžvalga bei kritika, sudaromas galimų ironijos žymiklių sąrašas, bei aptariama konteksto įtaka ironijos suvokimui. Disertacijoje ne tik empiriškai išnagrinėjamas bei pagrindžiamas praktinis konceptualiojo blendingo taikymas ironijai analizuoti, bet taip pat atliekamas lyginamasis tyrimas išskirtiniams Lietuvos ir Amerikos ironiškų naujienų antraščių bruožams nustatyti.
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Vengalienė, Dovilė. "Lietuvos ir Amerikos internetinių naujienų antraščių ironija remiantis konceptualiąja blendingo teorija: lyginamoji analizė." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20111227_091913-12626.
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Disertacijoje teorinės konceptualiojo blendingo prielaidos taikomos praktiniam ironijos tyrimui naujienų antraštėse lietuviškame ir amerikietiškame žiniatinkliuose siekiant įrodyti, kad blendingo teorija yra pajėgi paaiškinti ironijos veikimo mechanizmą neprieštaraujant daugumai kitų ironijos suvokimo teorijų. Remiantis konceptualiojo blendingo teorija disertacijoje keliamas tikslas nustatyti ironijos sukūrimo ir išraiškos struktūros, perteikimo ir funkcionavimo, integracinius mechanizmų bei jų sudedamųjų dalių panašumus ir skirtumus tiriant Amerikos ir Lietuvos žiniatinklių antraštes. Tikslui pasiekti disertacijoje apžvelgiamas ironijos sampratos kitimas, konsoliduojamos ironijos apibrėžimo idėjos, pateikiama ironijos mechanizmo teorijų apžvalga bei kritika, sudaromas galimų ironijos žymiklių sąrašas, bei aptariama konteksto įtaka ironijos suvokimui. Disertacijoje ne tik empiriškai išnagrinėjamas bei pagrindžiamas praktinis konceptualiojo blendingo taikymas ironijai analizuoti, bet taip pat atliekamas lyginamasis tyrimas išskirtiniams Lietuvos ir Amerikos ironiškų naujienų antraščių bruožams nustatyti.In the dissertation, the theoretical assumptions proposed by the cognitive model of conceptual blending have been applied to the practical study of irony in Lithuanian and American news website headlines, proving that the theory of blending is able to account for the mechanism of irony processing, and does not conflict with the majority of the other theories of irony processing. The dissertation aims at determining cross-cultural similarities and differences in the structure, processing and functioning of irony in American and Lithuanian news headlines by exploring the integration mechanisms and their constituent parts within the framework of conceptual blending. Based on data collected from Lithuanian and American news websites, the thesis explores empirically the types of integration models, frames, inner and outer vital relations, compressions, means of expression, functions and conventionalization that create irony. In accordance with the main aim the changes in the perception of the phenomenon of irony are identified, the ideas related to the definition of irony are consolidated, a list of possible indicators of irony is composed and the role of context in irony comprehension discussed. The dissertation does not only examine empirically the practical viability of the application of the conceptual blending framework to the analysis of irony, but also, while performing a contrastive analysis, makes an attempt at characterizing common and specific features of Lithuanian and... [to full text]
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Tan, Kian Moh Terence. "Tactical plan generation software for maritime interdiction using conceptual blending theory." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2007. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion-image.exe/07Dec%5FTan%5FKian.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Modeling, Virtual Environments, and Simulation (MOVES))--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2007.Thesis Advisor(s): Hiles, John. "December 2007." Description based on title screen as viewed on January 18, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 87-91). Also available in print.
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Coulson, Seana. "Semantic leaps : the role of frame-shifting and conceptual blending in meaning construction /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9722823.
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Shanks, Rhonda. "Reconciling narrative spaces : conceptual blending in Saint-Exupery's The Little Prince and Calvino's Invisible Cities." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/897.
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Narratologists define narrative as a chronological series of events, and thus focus on temporality in their definitions of narrative form, neglecting the crucial role that space and spatiality may play in some narratives. In this project, I use cognitive linguists Fauconnier and Turner's theory of conceptual blending to analyze two very different pieces of literature, Antoine de Saint-Exupery's The Little Prince and Italo Calvino's Invisible Cities, the former a children's story and the latter a postmodern experimental work of fiction. While many narratologists and literary theorists focus on the destabilizing aspects of postmodern fiction and claim that it is "anti-narrative" because it resists assumptions about temporal linearity, conceptual blending analysis reveals that some such texts may be dependent for a feeling of coherence or "storiness" on the very cognitive frames and spatial structures that they deconstruct. The affinity between Saint-Exupèry's and Calvino's works suggests that there may be a particular corpus of texts, which I term "spatialized narratives," that maintain in the mind of the reader their own kind of coherence despite their ostensible non-referentiality or fragmentation — a kind of coherence that lies more in spatiality than in temporality.
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Williams, Robert Frederick. "Making meaning from a clock : material artifacts and conceptual blending in time-telling instruction /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3137239.
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Souza, Aline Pereira de [UNESP]. "Processos cognitivos analógicos como recursos de presença em argumentação: uma proposta para a interpretação e produção textuais." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/150990.
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As projeções, como a metáfora, a personificação, a comparação, a metonímia e a parábola, geralmente são apresentadas aos alunos na escola apenas como figuras de linguagem de uso restrito ao universo literário. Entretanto, pretendemos mostrar que tais projeções são presentes em nossa comunicação diária e utilizadas em larga escala em muitos gêneros, tanto de forma natural, explicitando sua presença no pensamento (cf. LAKOFF e JOHNSON, 1980), quanto proposital (cf. GIBBS, Jr. 2015 e STEEN, 2015). Desses gêneros, escolhemos três para compor nosso corpus: títulos de matérias jornalísticas, dissertações argumentativas bem avaliadas da FUVEST e do ENEM e memes de Facebook, que são os principais gêneros a que estão expostos os alunos do Ensino Médio. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar o uso e, principalmente, a funcionalidade desses processos cognitivos de projeção de base analógica em três gêneros diferentes e cotidianos para o nosso público–alvo, para reforçar a importância comunicativa e social que a presença de projeções tem nesses textos. A partir dessa análise foi delineada uma estratégia de ensino-aprendizagem da produção/compreensão desses textos, pois acreditamos que compreender as projeções como um processo cognitivo e analógico pode ajudar consideravelmente os estudantes a desenvolver suas habilidades de leitura, compreensão e produção textual. A hipótese que defendemos é que as projeções são bastante frequentes em muitos gêneros e têm importante função argumentativa. Acreditamos, também, que tais textos são consumidos justamente por conta das projeções contidas neles, já que elas os tornam mais atrativos e podem significar muito, dizendo pouco. Nossos principais objetivos, portanto foram: compreender a funcionalidade e os efeitos de sentido das projeções utilizadas nos textos escolhidos e verificar como o domínio e a consciência de tais conceitos podem ajudar os alunos a compreender melhor os textos que os circundam e a produzir textos mais bem escritos. A análise teve como base os conceitos da Moderna Linguística Cognitiva e, para tanto, foram utilizadas a Teoria da Integração Conceptual (Blending) proposta por Fauconnier e Turner (2002), Turner (2014), a Teoria da Parábola, proposta por Turner (1996), considerações sobre Analogia propostas por Hofstadter, D. e Sander, E (2013) e também, em termos funcionais, o princípio da “presença” proposto por Perelman e Olbrechts-Tyteca (1996). Para as reflexões didáticas foram utilizadas, principalmente, as considerações sobre leitura advindas de Koch (1995; 1997; 2002; 2006; 2016) e as considerações sobre Projetos didáticos de gênero advindas de Guimarães e Kersch (2011; 2012; 2014; 2015). Os resultados da pesquisa confirmam a hipótese de que o efeito persuasivo é mais facilmente alcançado quando os textos apelam para a experiência de vida do leitor e usam projeções como instrumento pedagógico.
Projections, such as metaphor, personification, comparison, metonymy, and parable, are usually presented to students at school only as language-use figures restricted to the literary universe. However, we intend to show that such projections are present in our daily communication and used on a large scale in many genres, both in a natural way, explaining their presence in thought (cf. Lakoff and Johnson 1980), and intentional (GIBBS, Jr 2015 and STEEN, 2015). Of these genres, we chose three to compose our corpus: journal titles, wellevaluated argumentative dissertations from FUVEST and ENEM and Facebook´s memes, which are the main genres to which high school students are exposed. This research aims to analyze the use and, mainly, the functionality of these cognitive processes of analogical projection in three different and everyday genres for our target audience, to reinforce the communicative and social importance that the presence of projections has in these texts. From this analysis, a teaching-learning strategy of the production / comprehension of these texts was delineated, because it is believed that understanding the projections as a cognitive and analogical process can considerably help students to develop their reading, comprehension and textual production skills. The hypothesis that we defend is that projections are quite frequent in many genres and have an important argumentative function. We also believe that such texts are consumed precisely because of the projections contained in them, since they make them more attractive and can mean much, saying little. Our main objectives, therefore, were: to understand the functionality and sense effects of the projections used in the chosen texts and to verify how the mastery and the awareness of these concepts can help students better understand the texts that surround them and produce better written texts. The analysis was based on the concepts of Modern Cognitive Linguistics and, for that, the Blending theory proposed by Fauconnier and Turner (2002), Turner (2014), the Parabola Theory proposed by Turner (1996) ), As well as, in functional terms, the "presence" principle proposed by Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca (1996), as well as the "presence" principle proposed by HOFSTADTER, D. & SANDER, E (2014). For the didactic considerations, we used the KOCH (1995, 1997, 2002, 2006, 2016) reading considerations, and the considerations on didactic projects of genre from GUIMARÃES and KERSCH (2011, 2012, 2014, 2015). The results of the research confirm the hypothesis that the persuasive effect is more easily achieved when the texts "appeal" to the reader's life experience and use projections as a pedagogical tool.
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Benjamin, Brandon Lee. "IDENTICAL CONSTITUENT COMPOUNDING: A CONCEPTUAL INTEGRATION-BASED MODEL." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1522462466118861.
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Tappenden, Frederick S. "Embodying resurrection : conceptualisations of this life and the next in the undisputed Paulines." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/embodying-resurrection-conceptualisations-of-this-life-and-the-next-in-the-undisputed-paulines(6d6d9b79-83b1-4ef9-b8da-b4c0e0f0cb09).html.
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This study examines the centrality of the body in the apostle Paul's resurrection ideals. It is argued that Paul holds to a non-propositional understanding of resurrection that is grounded in recurrent patterns of human embodiment. Such an assertion stands in stark contrast to the pervading scholarly consensus, which is exceedingly cognicentric in its outlook and premised on an untenable opposition of body and mind. In contrast to this consensus, which disembodies resurrection, the present study demonstrates the extent to which Paul's resurrection ideals are somatically grounded. Working within a theoretical matrix that integrates the study of cognition and culture, this study utilises methodologies drawn from cognitive linguistics. Three theoretical concepts are particularly elaborated in relation to Paul: (1) Mark Johnson's understanding of image schemata, (2) George Lakoff and Mark Johnson's understanding of conceptual metaphor, and (3) Gilles Fauconnier and Mark Turner's understanding of conceptual blending. These three theoretical concepts are utilised in concert with one another and thus constitute this study's methodological apparatus. After demonstrating the inherent cognicentrism of standard scholarly approaches (ch. 1), this study examines four aspects in which resurrection can be seen as an embodied concept. Chapter 2 establishes a conceptual framework in which resurrection texts can be both identified and interpreted. It is argued that the concept of RESURRECTION is necessarily abstract and metaphorical in nature, though fundamentally grounded in recurrent patterns of human embodiment. In ch. 3 attention is directed to Paul's transformation metaphors and notions of both dualism and monism in the apostle's thought. It is argued that Paul works within a dualistic framework characterised not by opposition (e.g., body vs. soul) but rather by tensive integration (e.g., the embodied soul). Building on this assertion, in ch. 4 we examine the extent to which Paul understands resurrection as a present (and not merely future) experience. Critically assessing the apostle's eschatological outlook, this chapter argues that the somatic interior functions as the location of present resurrection. In ch. 5 this experience of present resurrection is further elaborated in light of Paul's broader participationist ideals. It is demonstrated that Paul's eschatology fosters a specific kind of resurrection experience in the present, one that is mapped onto the human body itself and elaborated via an in-out transformative interplay. Finally, ch. 6 offers a synthesis of the argument, scholarly contribution, and suggested avenues for further research.
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Ignacio, Luana de Fatima Machado. "Compreensão de manchetes sob a perspectiva da mesclagem e da metáfora conceptual." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2013. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=5344.
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Nesta dissertação, investiga-se o processo de construção do significado de manchetes jornalísticas. Parte-se do pressuposto que a Metáfora Conceptual, proposta por Lakoff e Johnson (2002[1980]) e a Mesclagem, proposta por Fauconnier e Turner (2002), são as operações cognitivas complexas imbricadas no processo de compreensão e de construção de textos. A metáfora consiste em um importante recurso que estrutura o pensamento, as experiências e as ações humanas e a mesclagem, um mecanismo que permite significar eventos e experiências, aproximando realidades diversas, (des)comprimindo conhecimentos e rotinas cognitivas ativadas na conceptualização. Nesse sentido, este trabalho traz a lume a forma como o processo de construção de significado integra informações armazenadas em na mente, intercambiando domínios estáveis e ativando espaços mentais que se comungam para a culminância de estruturas emergentes. Para tanto, elucidamos as evidências de que metáforas e mesclagens podem explicar os sentidos produzidos pelas manchetes publicadas nos jornais Meia-Hora de Notícias, O Dia e O Globo. As manchetes foram coletadas no período de 18 de abril a 14 de setembro de 2011. Reunido o corpus, foi iniciado o cotejamento das manchetes à luz das referidas teorias. Realizou-se, em seguida, uma pesquisa com alunos do Ensino Médio de um colégio da rede pública estadual, a fim de confrontar as ponderações da análise com a compreensão empreendida pelos estudantes. Os resultados da análise e da mensuração das respostas dos alunos deram conta do papel da mesclagem na compreensão das manchetes analisadas, como um processo cognitivo, imaginativo e criativo, manifestado no uso da língua, de modo a promover a construção do significado. Foi possível também descrever o papel da metáfora nas mesclas postuladas para explicação do sentido das manchetes, na medida em que conceptualizações metafóricas fundamentam espaços mentais de algumas redes de integração postuladas para análise das manchetesThis dissertation is devoted to investigate the meaning-construction process in newspaper headlines. Conceptual Metaphor (LAKOFF and JOHNSON, 2002) and Blending (FAUCONNIER and TURNER, 2002) were assumed as complex cognitive operations imbricated in the reading comprehension and text construction processes. The metaphor is an important resource for structuring thought, experience and human action. The blending is an event/experiencesignifying mechanism, which brings together different realities by (de)compressing knowledge and cognitive routines activated during conceptualization. In this respect, this paper brings to surface the way meaningconstruction processes integrate the pieces of information stored in mind, intertwining stable domains and activating overlapping mental spaces for attaining emergent structures. For such, Meia-Hora de Notícias, O Dia and O Globo newspapers, from April 18th, 2011 to September 14th, 2011, feature the corpus of the present study, collected in the light of the above-mentioned theories. Evidences that metaphor and blending are able to explain the meanings produced by the headlines have been considered. The understanding of high school students from a public school were further verified in order to confront to the considerations disclosed in the present analysis. The results suggest that the blending played a role in comprehension as a cognitive, imaginative and creative process, expressed in language use so as to promote meaning construction. The metaphor also played a part in guiding the explanations concerning meaning, inasmuch as metaphoric conceptualizations substantiate the mental spaces of some integrative networks postulated for the analyses of the headlines
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Zickel, Lee. "An Exploration of Conceptual Blends in Gamespace and Gameplay." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=casedm1614290796256663.
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Oliveira, Antonio Marcos Vieira de. "Ditos populares em músicas do cancioneiro popular: uma abordagem cognitiva." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2012. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=3866.
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Nesta dissertação, analisam-se alguns ditos populares retomados em músicas do cancioneiro popular, com base na teoria da metáfora conceptual (Lakoff e Jonhson, 1980; Kövecses, 2002), e na teoria da integração conceptual (Fauconnier e Turner, 2002). Busca se investigar se a projeção metafórica presente no dito empregado em situações cotidianas se sustenta, quando o mesmo é retomado em uma letra de música. Este estudo encontra sua justificativa em uma das assunções basilares da linguística cognitiva de que as metáforas conceptuais estão presentes tanto nas conversas cotidianas quanto nas manifestações literárias e artísticas. Pretende se, assim, observar a multidirecionalidade dos processos de significação desse tipo de construção linguística, a fim de postular seu poder projetivo e metafórico na mente dos falantes. Dentro do repertório de construções proverbiais em português, é perceptível a construção proverbial condicional com a configuração sintático semântica [x P Q], entre as quais foi escolhida como objeto de estudo a configuração [Quem P Q]. A escolha das músicas foi aleatória, já que não se buscou um gênero ou estilo específico, mas canções que possuíssem ditos populares em suas letras. Na análise, de cunho interpretativo, procedeu-se a identificação do papel da metáfora conceptual presente no dito empregado em situações cotidianas e nas 10 músicas selecionadas para este estudo. Em seguida, postularam-se redes de integração conceptual subjacente ao sentido dos ditos nas interações em geral e nas músicas, de modo a explicar que as diferenças de sentido observadas ou não nos ditos transpostos para letras de músicas estão relacionadas ao tipo de rede de integração conceptual ativado durante o processo de mesclagem. As redes de integração postuladas para explicar a construção de sentido dos ditos e destes nas músicas analisadas, revelam compressões das relações de CAUSA EFEITO, MUDANÇA, IDENTIDADE, ANALOGIA DESANALOGIA e TEMPO, devido, sobretudo, ao papel que os ditos desempenham ao ilustrar cenas da vida das pessoas. Entre as metáforas que estruturam os ditos, nas interações e nas músicas, encontram-se A VIDA É UMA VIAGEM / A VIDA É UM TRAJETO QUE DEVE SER PERCORRIDO COM CAUTELA / VIDA É UM JOGO DE AZAR; TEMPO É LOCAL PARA ONDE ALGO SE DESLOCA; DIFICULDADES SÃO IMPEDIMENTOS (IN) TRANSPONÍVEIS; RELIGIÃO É UMA TRANSAÇÃO COMERCIAL; MORAL É UM OBJETO PRECIOSO (MAS FRÁGIL COMO O VIDRO); EXAGEROS SÃO GOLPES INCERTOS. Espera-se que a hipótese aventada com este estudo motive outras pesquisas sob o escopo teórico da Linguística Cognitiva; em especial, as teorias da metáfora e da mesclagem conceptual, as quais revelaram um potencial descritivo promissor para análise de fenômenos semântico-pragmáticos da língua portuguesa, como os ditos populares, construções situadas no topo da escala de idiomaticidadeIn this dissertation, some popular sayings found in folk songs, based on conceptual metaphor theory (Lakoff and Johnson, 1980; Kövecses, 2002), and conceptual integration theory (Fauconnier and Turner, 2002) are analyzed. We investigate if this metaphorical projection in those popular saying is sustained in everyday situations, when it is taken up in a lyric. This study finds its justification in one of the basic assumptions of cognitive linguistics that conceptual metaphors are present both in everyday conversations and in the literary and artistic manifestations. The aim is to observe the processes of significance of this type of linguistic construction in order to posit its power projective and metaphorical in the speakers minds. Within the repertoire of proverbial constructions in portuguese, it is noted the proverbial conditional construction with this syntax semantics configuration [x PQ], among these, it was chosen as the object of this study the setting [About PQ]. The choice of songs was random, since no attempt was made to a specific genre or style, but songs that possess popular sayings in his lyrics. In this analysis, interpretive nature, we proceeded to identify the role of conceptual metaphor in that this employee in everyday situations and in the 10 songs selected for this study. Then, it was postulated conceptual integration networks underlying the effect of said interactions in general and in music, in order to explain the observed differences in meaning or not the sayings translated into lyrics. Those songs are related to the type of conceptual integration of network activated during the merge process. The network integration postulated to explain the construction of meaning of these sayings and the songs are analyzed and it shows the compression of the relations of CAUSE AND EFFECT, CHANGE, IDENTIDY, ANALOGY AND DISANALOGY, TIME, due mainly to the role that those plays illustrate scenes of people's lives. Among the metaphors that structure those popular sayings in the interactions and in the songs are: LIFE IS A JOURNEY / LIFE IS A PATH TO BE TRAVELED WITH CAUTION / LIFE IS A GAMBLING GAME, TIME IS A PLACE WHERE SOMETHING MOVES; DIFFICULTIES ARE BARS (IN) TRANSPOSABLE; RELIGION IS A COMMERCIAL TRANSACTION, MORAL IS A PRECIOUS OBJECT (BUT FRAGILE AS GLASS). It is expected that the hypothesis of this study will motivate further research on the theoretical scope of Cognitive Linguistics, in particular, theories of metaphor and conceptual blending, which revealed a potential promise for descriptive analysis of semantic-pragmatic phenomena of Portuguese as the sayings popular construction on the top idiomatic scale
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Ferreira, Juliana dos Santos. "A conceptualização de bandido em expressões bandido de x: uma perspectiva cognitivista." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2012. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4079.
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Com vistas à conceptualização do conceito de BANDIDO em 32 expressões com a estrutura bandido de x, descrevemos, nesta dissertação, os modelos cognitivos idealizados subjacentes à construção de sentido de tais expressões, postulando-lhes um caráter de modelo cognitivo complexo, nos termos de Lakoff (1987), produtivo na língua. Constituem ainda o arcabouço teórico deste estudo a Teoria da Mesclagem Conceptual (FAUCONNIER e TURNER, 2002) e a Teoria da Metáfora Conceptual (LAKOFF e JOHNSON, 1980). A análise das construções bandido de x foi realizada a partir de 137 comentários retirados da internet e definições elaboradas por 15 alunos do ensino fundamental; 18 do ensino médio e 20 alunos do ensino superior. Os alunos que colaboraram com a pesquisa definiram 24 expressões bandido de x. A pesquisa obedeceu ao procedimento qualitativo de análise dos dados, no qual observamos as diferentes interpretações dadas para as expressões, fundamentando-as a partir dos processos cognitivos envolvidos no sentido das mesmas. Assim com base na análise dos comentários de internautas e nas definições de alunos, propomos quatro processos de conceptualização para as expressões bandido de x: (a) conceptualização com base em modelos cognitivos proposicionais, em que x é um locativo interpretado como lugar de origem ou de atuação do bandido bandido de morro, bandido de rua, bandido de cadeia ; (b) conceptualização com base em modelos esquemático-imagéticos, em que observamos a atribuição de uma espécie de escala ao sentido atribuído à construção, culminando em diferentes status para a categoria BANDIDO DE X, subjacente a expressões bandido de primeira/segunda/quinta categoria/linha; (c) conceptualização de BANDIDO DE X com base em modelos metonímicos, em que x é uma peça do vestuário/calçado/acessório, de modo a interpretar o BANDIDO como pertencendo a uma categoria que costuma utilizar determinada peça de roupa, acessório ou calçado bandido de colarinho branco, bandidos de farda, bandido de chinelo ; (d) conceptualização de BANDIDO DE X com base em modelos metafóricos, em que x é um conceito abstrato que pode ser entendido como um objeto possuído pelo bandido, de forma a caracterizá-lo pela maneira de agir ou expertise bandido de conceito, bandido de atitude, bandido de fé. Acreditamos, assim, na possibilidade de descrição de padrões que regem a conceptualização de BANDIDO DE X, cujos sentidos alcançados por meio de modificadores revelam a produtividade e complexidade do modelo cognitivo BANDIDOThe theme of this study is the concept of bandit. We intend to investigate, analyze and describe the idealized cognitive models of 32 expressions resulted from the construction bandit of x .We organized a corpus composed of 137 comments taken from the internet that contain bandit of x expressions. We provide a description of the Idealized Cognitive Models. It counts on the contributions of Conceptual Metaphor Theory (LAKOFF and JONHSON, 1980), Conceptual Blending Theory (FAUCONNIER and TURNER, 2002) and Idealized Cognitive Models Theory (LAKOFF, 1987). The another part of the corpus was made by analyzing responses of 15 elementary school students, 18 middle school students and 20 college students which students set 24 expressions bandit x. The research followed a qualitative procedure of data analysis which we see the different interpretations given to the terms on the basis of various cognitive processes Thus, based on analysis of comments from netizens and definitions of students, we propose four processes of conceptualization to outlaw expressions of x: (a) conceptualization based on propositional cognitive models, where x is interpreted as a rental place of origin or acting bandit - bandit hill, street thug, thug in jail - (b) conceptualization based on the schematic, pictorial models, we observe the allocation of a kind of scale to the meaning attributed to construction, culminating in different status for category villain of x, the underlying expressions bandit first / second / fifth category / line, (c) conceptualization of x-based metonymic models, where x is a piece of clothing / footwear / accessories, so to interpret the bandit as belonging to a category that tends to use certain piece of clothing, accessory or footwear - white collar crook, uniformed bandits, bandit slipper - (d) conceptualization of BANDIT of x, based on metaphorical models in x is an abstract concept that can be understood as an object owned by the BANDIT in order to characterize it by way of acting or expertise - bandit concept, attitude bandit, bandit of faith. We believe, therefore, the possibility of description of standards governing the conceptualization of BANDIT of x, whose senses achieved through modifiers reveal productivity and complexity of the cognitive model BANDIT
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Muniz, Juliana Aguiar. "Processos de indeterminação lexical em conversas telefônicas interceptadas." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2013. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=5340.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorO objetivo principal deste trabalho é estudar estratégias de indeterminação de sentido em um corpus de conversas telefônicas interceptadas, considerando que a produção de sentido é um processo cognitivo dependente do contexto. Delimitamos a linguística cognitiva como a área na qual essa pesquisa se encontra inserida, para melhor compreender os fundamentos e os pressupostos norteadores da Teoria dos Modelos Cognitivos Idealizados (TMCI) e da Teoria da Mesclagem Conceptual (blending), tendo como base, principalmente, os estudos de Lakoff (1987), Fauconnier (1997) e Fauconnier e Turner (2002). No decorrer do trabalho propomo-nos responder às seguintes questões de pesquisa: a) que estratégias de indeterminação de sentido são mais frequentemente usadas nestas conversas? b) que elementos do contexto e do cotexto permitem a delimitação do sentido do item lexical em determinada conversa? c) como funcionam, no corpus, as estratégias de indeterminação de sentido e de que forma elas contribuem para sustentar determinado tipo de relação interpessoal? Para responder a estas questões de pesquisa, das 22 gravações de conversas telefônicas de atores sociais envolvidos com tráfico de armas e drogas, sequestro e extorsão, fornecidas pela Coordenadoria de Segurança e Inteligência do Ministério Público do Rio de Janeiro, selecionamos 10 conversas, em função da sua qualidade sonora, para serem transcritas e para proceder à análise qualitativa do uso da polissemia e da vagueza lexical. A partir das discussões teóricas e das análises desenvolvidas, concluímos que a polissemia representa a estratégia de indeterminação de sentido mais frequente no corpus desta pesquisa e que a mesma pode ser entendida como um processo de mesclagem conceptual, que sofre influências sociais e culturais: é a dinamicidade do pensamento e da linguagem que geram a polissemia. Concluímos também que a vagueza lexical é utilizada, no corpus, como um recurso linguístico para referência a assuntos ilícitos. Os itens lexicais analisados instanciam esquemas mentais abstratos que têm seus sentidos realizados a partir de pistas linguísticas e extralinguísticas que apontam para um processo interacional que pode ser entendido como um enquadre de transações comerciais (tráfico de drogas)
The main objective of this research is to study strategies of indeterminacy of meaning in a corpus of intercepted telephone conversations by social actors involved with the trafficking of drugs and weapons, with kidnapping and extortion. We elected Cognitive Linguistics as the area in which this research should be developed, as we understand the process of meaning production as a cognitive process, dependent on the context. Within Cognitive Linguistics, we adopted the principles and assumptions guiding the Theory of Idealized Cognitive Models (TMCI) and Conceptual Blending Theory, based principally on studies by Lakoff (1987), Fauconnier (1997) and Fauconnier and Turner (2002). Throughout the paper our purpose is to answer the following research questions: a) what strategies for the indeterminacy of meaning are most often used in these conversations? b) what elements of context and co-text (the immediate grammatical context ) trigger the instantiation of the meaning of a lexical item in a particular conversation? c) how do the strategies of indetermination of meaning operate , in the corpus, and how do they contribute to the creation of a particular kind of interpersonal relationship? In order to answer these questions, from the 22 recordings provided by the Coordinator of Intelligence and Security of the Public Ministry of Rio de Janeiro, we selected 10 conversations, on the basis of their sound quality. We further transcribed them and submitted them to qualitative analysis, investigating the use of lexical polysemy and vagueness. From the theoretical discussions and analyzes undertaken, we conclude that polysemy represents the strategy of indeterminacy of meaning that is most often used in the corpus and that it can be understood as a process of conceptual blending, under the influence of social and cultural factors: it is the association between the use of language and the real dynamics of thought and language that generate polysemy. We also conclude that lexical vagueness is used as a language resource to refer to illicit affairs. The lexical items studied instantiate abstract mental schemas whose meanings are triggered by the use of particular linguistic and extralinguistic cues, within the domain, or frame, of a commercial transaction (drug trafficking)
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Lima, Silvana Maria Calixto de. "(Re)categorizaÃÃo matafÃrica e humor: trabalhando a construÃÃo dos sentidos." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2003. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2808.
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nÃo hÃEste trabalho apresenta um estudo acerca do fenÃmeno do humor a partir da ocorrÃncia de (re)categorizaÃÃes metafÃricas em piadas. Partimos da hipÃtese de que esse tipo de ocorrÃncia pode servir como gatilho para o humor. O nosso objetivo à demonstrar nÃo apenas que as ocorrÃncias de (re)categorizaÃÃes metafÃricas respondem pela comicidade das piadas, mas tambÃm demonstrar de que forma se constrÃi o sentido de humor a partir da presenÃa dessas ocorrÃncias nas piadas. Ou seja, como sÃo recuperadas as inferÃncias que desencadeiam o efeito cÃmico. Entendendo que a construÃÃo global do sentido de humor, a partir da (re)categorizaÃÃo metafÃrica, demanda uma abordagem tanto dos aspectos lingÃÃsticos quanto dos aspectos cognitivos, propomo-nos, neste trabalho, fazer o enlace desses dois aspectos. Assim, fazemos uma abordagem das (re)categorizaÃÃes metafÃricas, do ponto de vista da LingÃÃstica Textual, caracterizando-as enquanto fenÃmenos lingÃÃsticos e sugerindo uma classificaÃÃo para esse tipo de ocorrÃncia, a partir dos tipos de recategorizaÃÃes lexicais analisados por ApothÃloz e Reichler-BÃguelin (1995). Ao mesmo tempo, trabalhamos tambÃm o processo de (re)categorizaÃÃo metafÃrica em seus aspectos cognitivos, com o suporte da LingÃÃstica Cognitiva, discorrendo sobre a atividade de categorizaÃÃo e sobre a metÃfora conceitual. Duas importantes questÃes emergem nesses nÃveis de descriÃÃo das (re)categorizaÃÃes metafÃricas: a concepÃÃo de cogniÃÃo como atividade incorporada e a concepÃÃo de referÃncia nÃo-extensional, a qual tratamos como referenciaÃÃo. Para explicitar os mecanismos cognitivos subjacentes Ãs (re)categorizaÃÃes metafÃricas na construÃÃo do efeito cÃmico, recorremos ao modelo da teoria da mesclagem conceitual. Essa teoria consiste, basicamente, num conjunto de processos criativos que se desenvolvem para a combinaÃÃo de informaÃÃes dentro de redes de espaÃos mentais. Para a implementaÃÃo da anÃlise, trabalhamos com um corpus constituÃdo por 31 piadas, coletadas de livros e revistas especÃficas do gÃnero humorÃstico. Os resultados da anÃlise qualitativa dos dados mostram que, indubitavelmente, as (re)categorizaÃÃes metafÃricas podem ser consideradas como mais um dispositivo de que dispÃe a lÃngua para construÃÃo do efeito cÃmico na piada. (318 palavras)
This work presents a study concerning the phenomenon of humor which arise from the occurrence of metaphorical recategorization in jokes. We start with the hypothesis that this type of occurrence can serve as a trigger for the emergence of humor. Our objective is to demonstrate not only that the occurrences of metaphorical recategorization are responsible for the comic effect of jokes, but also to demonstrate in what way the meaning of humor is constructed by the presence of these occurrences in the jokes. Or either, how the inferences that unchain the comic effect are recuperated. Understanding that the global construction of humorous meaning, from metaphorical recategorization, demand an approach of both the linguistic aspects as well as of the cognitive aspects, we propose, in this work, to make a link of these two aspects. We thus, approach metaphorical recategorizations, from the point of view of Textual Linguistics, characterizing them as linguistic phenomena and suggesting a classification for this type of occurrence, according to the types of lexical recategorizations analysed by ApothÃloz and Reichler-BÃguelin (1995). At the same time, we also work the process of metaphorical recategorization in its cognitive aspects, with the support of Cognitive Linguistics, discoursing on the activity of categorization and conceptual metaphor. Two important questions emerge at these levels of description of metaphorical recategorization: the conception of cognition as an embodied activity and the conception of non-extensional reference, which we treat as referentiation. To explain the underlying cognitive mechanisms of metaphorical recategorization in the construction of the comic effect, we appeal to the model of conceptual blending theory. This theory consists, basically, in a set of creative processes developed for the combination of information inside mental spaces networks. For the implementation of the analysis, we work with a sample consisting of 31 jokes, collected of books and specific magazines of the humorous genre. The results of the qualitative analysis of the data show that, doubtless, metaphorical recategorization can be considered an additional device the language makes use of for the construction of the comic effect in jokes. (340 words)
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Gomes, Languisner. "ExpressÃes idiomÃticas: explorando as trilhas da geraÃÃo do sentido." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2009. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=3910.
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As questÃes que nos levaram à investigaÃÃo do tema foram: (i) Quais sÃo os mecanismos envolvidos na geraÃÃo do sentido metafÃrico/literal das expressÃes idiomÃticas (EIs) e suas desconstruÃÃes pictÃricas (DPs)? (ii) Qual à o papel da metÃfora/mesclagem conceptual na geraÃÃo do sentido metafÃrico/literal entre as duas modalidades (EI verbal e DP nÃo-verbal)? e (iii) Qual à o papel das projeÃÃes congruentes e nÃo congruentes de cada uma das modalidades na geraÃÃo do sentido metafÃrico/literal? Para responder a esses questionamentos tivemos como objetivo principal descrever a estrutura interna da rede de integraÃÃo conceptual dos mecanismos responsÃveis pela geraÃÃo do sentido metafÃrico/literal das EIs e suas DPs e como objetivos especÃficos: (i) descrever e propor um modelo que revele a arquitetura interna da rede de integraÃÃo conceptual envolvida nos processos de geraÃÃo do sentido entre as duas modalidades (verbal e nÃo-verbal), (ii) descrever como processos de figuratividade e/ou literalidade participam nas modalidades verbal e nÃo-verbal e interferem na geraÃÃo do significado e (iii) propor um modelo que revele a estrutura interna do percurso gerativo do sentido das EIS e suas DPs nas redes de integraÃÃo conceptual. (RP). Para composiÃÃo do corpus da pesquisa foram selecionadas as seguintes obras: (a) A vaca foi pro brejo â the cow went to the swamp (FERNANDES, 2001) e (b) Pequeno DicionÃrio de ExpressÃes IdiomÃticas (ZOCCHIO; BALARDIN, 1999). Da obra de Fernandes (2001) foram escolhidas as expressÃes (1) âo bom cabrito nÃo berraâ, (2) ânÃo ter papas na lÃnguaâ e (3) âsà falam abobrinhasâ; de Zocchio e Ballardin (1999), a expressÃo âengolir sapoâ. Para atingirmos nossos objetivos, tomamos como base os postulados da Teoria da IntegraÃÃo Conceptual (FAUCONNIER; TURNER, 2003) e da Teoria da MetÃfora Conceptual de Lakoff e Johnson (1980, 1999). A partir das anÃlises, o modelo projetado da estrutura interna das redes de integraÃÃo conceptual revelou que a inter-relaÃÃo entre EI e sua RP permite uma multiplicidade de projeÃÃes que participam na geraÃÃo do sentido. O modelo tambÃm permite ampliar as relaÃÃes conceptuais gerando diferentes mesclagens, de forma que a imagem em relaÃÃo à sua representaÃÃo verbal pode ser parcial ou totalmente congruente. O grau de (in)congruÃncia entre o literal e o idiomÃtico Ã, no continuum, decisivo para a determinaÃÃo do resultado mesclado. Foi possÃvel tornar evidente que hà uma estreita ligaÃÃo entre uma modalidade e a outra. Isso aponta para desvelar que a natureza do processamento da EI pode ser de base metafÃrica ou literal. Ainda com base nas anÃlises, o modelo de mesclagem proposto comprovou ser eficiente para a demonstraÃÃo da organizaÃÃo interna das redes na geraÃÃo do sentido, a partir da inter-relaÃÃo entre a representaÃÃo verbal e nÃo-verbal. Na estruturaÃÃo das redes entram em jogo as vÃrias projeÃÃes criativas e imaginativas, o que possibilita novas configuraÃÃes de sentido (re)construÃdo sucessivamente.We had some questions that have driven our investigation: (i) What are the mechanisms that are involved in the metaphorical/literal meaning generation of the idiomatic expressions (IE) and its pictorial representation (PR)?, (ii) What is the role of the conceptual metaphor/blending in the metaphorical/literal meaning generation between the two modalities (verbal IE and non-verbal PR)? And (iii) What is the role of the congruent projections of each modality in the metaphorical/literal meaning generation? To answer these questions we had a main objective: describe the internal structure of the conceptual integration network of the mechanisms responsible for the metaphorical/literal meaning generation of the idioms and its PRs and some specific objectives: (i) to describe, by use of a model, the internal structure of conceptual integration network and of the mechanisms involved in the generation of meaning of IEs and their PRs; (ii) to describe the figurative and/or literal process that interferes in the meaning generation and (iii) propose a model that demonstrates the internal structure of the IE meaning generation and its PRs in the conceptual integration network.. The following works had been selected to compose the research corpus: (a) A vaca foi pro brejo â the cow went to the swamp (FERNANDES, 2001) and (b) Pequeno DicionÃrio de ExpressÃes IdiomÃticas (ZOCCHIO; BALARDIN, 1999). From the work by Fernandes (2001), the expressions (1) âo bom cabrito nÃo berraâ, (2) ânÃo ter papas na lÃnguaâ e (3) âsà falam abobrinhasâ were selected; from Zocchio and Balardin (1999), the IE âengolir sapoâ. In order to reach our objectives, we based our research on the postulates of the Theory of Conceptual Integration (FAUCONNIER; TURNER, 2003) and on Lakoff and Johnsonâs (1980, 1999) Theory of Conceptual Metaphor. With the analyses as a starting point, the designed model of the internal structure of conceptual integration networks revealed that the interrelation between the IE and its PR allows a multiplicity of projections which contribute to the generation of meaning. The model also allows the expansion of conceptual relationships, generating different blends, so that the image, in terms of its verbal representation, may be partially or totally congruent. The degree of (in)congruence between the literal and the idiomatic is, in a continuum, decisive for the determination of the blended result. It was possible to show that there is a close connection between one modality and the other. This suggests that the nature of the processing of an IE may have a metaphorical or literal basis. Still based on the analyses, our model of blends proved to be efficient to demonstrate the internal organization of the nets in the generation of meaning, from the interrelation between verbal and non-verbal representation. In the designing of the networks, the various creative and imaginative projections come into play, which allows for new configurations of meaning to be successively (re)constructed.
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Carlsson, Yvonne. "Genericitet i text." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för nordiska språk, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-81330.
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This dissertation examines genericity from a textual perspective. The material consists of popular science texts about species of animals. The investigation concerns both the distribution of different forms of generic noun phrases and the boundary between generic and non-generic noun phrases. The analytical tools are taken from Accessibility Theory and Blending Theory. Two separate studies have been undertaken. The results of the first study indicate that generic reference on the whole follows the same principles of accessibility as non-generic reference, although there are some differences that can be attributed to the distinction between generic and non-generic reference. Some results suggest that our mental representations of generic referents are generally less accessible than those of non-generic referents. Factors other than accessibility influencing the choice of generic noun phrases are also identified. While genericity is generally treated as an all-or-nothing phenomenon, an important experience of this first study concerns the difficulties facing anyone who tries to distinguish between generic and non-generic noun phrases in authentic texts. These difficulties are the centre of attention in the second study, which shows that genericity is an extremely context-dependent phenomenon. The sentence context may clearly indicate a particular, non-generic reference, while the wider context of the text reveals that the noun phrase in question is in fact generic. Not infrequently, chains of reference involve a great deal of shifting and slithering between a generic and a non-generic meaning, although the references are seemingly coreferential. It is sometimes difficult to decide on the real referents intended. At times there are also clear cases where the noun phrase must be analysed as referring to both generic and non-generic entities at the same time. This implies that it is unlikely that we actually decide for every reference if it is generic or non-generic.
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Lillkung, Lilianna. "À la recherche de la métaphore scientifique - termes médicaux en traduction." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-37626.
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From a general point of view, the aim of this thesis is to study the appearance and the translation of the metaphor in a context that involves specialized texts. Our purpose is also to examine the historical expression of metaphor within aspects connected to its importance for creation of scientific terms. More precisely, the main object is to explore how metaphors have been used in the field of medical terminology and by which methods they have been translated across the languages. Our approach is based on the definition of conceptual metaphor conceived by Lakoff & Johnson as a product of projections made by the thought (mapping). According to that idea, the metaphor constitutes a universal and essential element of human language and, therefore, also a keystone of the human communication reproduced at every level of social activity. From the cognitive point of view, our approach is also based on the theory of blending proposed by Fauconnier & Turner. It is diachronic and multidisciplinary as well, which means that a particular focus has been placed on the etymology of medical terms, which we have explored in the scientific context where those terms have been created and used. The database in this study is composed of medical terms emerging from scientific texts that we have translated from French to Swedish. During our analysis, we have explored the occurrence of conceptual metaphor across the source language and the target language (the last one is in fact represented in this thesis by four languages: French, Swedish, English and Polish). The translation methods have been analyzed according to the model of Vinay & Darbelnet. Our result indicates that conceptual metaphor plays a crucial role in the creation of medical terminology. It indicates also that the conceptualization of a medical phenomenon (expressed by mapping and blending) is almost always preserved in its original form in the target language. This observation implies that cognitive factors are activated during the process of translation. Our conclusion is made within the historical and scientific context, in other words regarding the context where the metaphorical terms have been created and afterwards transferred to other languages. Key words: conceptual metaphor, metaphorical term, cognitive, etymology, medicine, scientific language, mapping, blending, conceptual shift, linguistic shift, translation, source language, target language.
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Assin, Márcia Cristina Boldim [UNESP]. "A construção das imagens no processo de leitura e compreensão textual." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151123.
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Neste trabalho, propomos uma discussão sobre a presença das imagens, especialmente a metáfora e a metonímia nas redações de candidatos do vestibular da Fuvest e ENEM, assim como a ocorrência de imagens em uma proposta de redação. A motivação para esta pesquisa é identificar a presença desses processos nos textos produzidos pelos candidatos e como fornecer ao aluno recursos para que ele interprete uma proposta de texto metafórica e produza textos explorando a força argumentativa da metáfora e da metonímia. O corpus utilizado foi uma amostra com algumas redações da Fuvest e do ENEM. A pesquisa foi realizada sob a perspectiva da Linguística Cognitiva, especialmente, com ênfase nas operações mentais complexas como Leitura e Memória; Espaços Mentais; Categorização e Teoria dos Protótipos; Analogia; Metáfora e Metonímia; Integração Conceptual.
In this work, we propose a discussion about the presence of images, especially the metaphor and metonymy in compositions written by candidates of the Fuvest and ENEM tests, as well as the occurrence of images in a writing proposal. The motivation for this research is to identify the presence of these processes in the texts produced by the candidates and how to provide to the student resources for them to interpret a metaphorical proposal for the text and produce texts exploring the argumentative force of metaphor and metonymy. The corpus used was a sample with some writing from Fuvest and ENEM. The research was carried out from the perspective of Cognitive Linguistics, with especial emphasis on complex mental operations such as Reading and Memory; Mental Spaces; Categorization and Theory of Prototypes; Analogy; Metaphor and Metonymy; Conceptual Integration.
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Soares, Carlos Walter Alves. "Metáforas e significados na composição musical : quando o compositor revisita e ressignifica seus passos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/148285.
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Esta tese apresenta elucidações técnicas e interpretações póscomposicionais de quatro peças compostas durante o doutorado: “Io” e “Calisto”, para piano solo, “Ganimedes” e “Europa”, para dois pianos. A composição musical é abordada em três etapas: a) descrição dos aspectos musicais e extramusicais dos primeiros estágios da composição; b) investigação das características sonoras das peças; c) construção de interpretações ficcionais pós-composicionais, imaginando as luas de Júpiter como ímpeto composicional e interpretativo. O terceiro estágio é realizado na perspectiva da teoria contemporânea das metáforas, tal qual proposta por George Lakoff e Mark Johnson e, posteriormente, por Mark Turner e Gilles Falconnier. Através da apresentação das categorias de metáforas, cruzamentos de mapeamento de domínios, esquemas de imagens, princípio de invariância, espaços conceptuais e mesclagem conceptual, se estabelecem, neste trabalho, conexões entre os conceitos metafóricos e a conceptualização metafórica da música. Isso contribui para a aproximação entre as características marcantes das peças e as cenas/ações propostas como primeira etapa das interpretações pós-composicionais, construídas pelo compositor. O trabalho propõe-se a pensar sobre a atribuição de significados da composição musical em uma perspectiva global, em que elementos extramusicais podem expandir a assimilação do fenômeno musical, bem como contribuir para a pedagogia da composição musical e para a produção de trabalhos colaborativos.This thesis presents technical elucidations and post-compositional interpretations of four pieces composed during my doctorate degree: "Io" and "Calisto", for solo piano, "Ganimedes" and "Europa" for two pianos. The music composition is approached in three steps: a) description of the musical and extra musical aspects of the first stages of the composition; b) investigation of the sonorous characteristics of the pieces; c) construction of fictional postcompositional interpretations, imagining Jupiter's moons as compositional and interpretative impetus. The third stage is achieved under the perspective of the contemporary theory of metaphor proposed by George Lakoff and Mark Johnson, and posteriorly developed by Mark Turner and Gilles Falconnier. Through the introduction of metaphor categories, the cross-domain mapping, the image schema, the invariance principle, the mental spaces and the conceptual blending, some connections are established between the metaphoric concepts and the metaphoric conceptualization of music. This contributes to the approximation between the main characteristics of the pieces and the scenes/actions proposed in the first step of the post-compositional interpretations. This work proposes a reflection about the attribution of meanings on the musical composition in a global perspective, where extra musical elements can expand the assimilation of the musical phenomenon, as well as to contribute to the pedagogy of musical composition and the production of collaborative works.
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Albano, Mariangela. "Modèles, textes, processus : une étude cognitive des métaphores défigées et d’invention." Thesis, Dijon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DIJOL004.
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Le but principal de la thèse de recherche est celui d’analyser les mécanismes cognitifs et linguistiques à la base des métaphores « d’invention et défigées » en utilisant une approche qui vise à mélanger la théorie de la métaphore conceptuelle de Lakoff et Johnson (1980 et 1999), la théorie de l’intégration conceptuelle de Turner et Fauconnier (2002) et la théorie de l’analogie de Monneret (2004 et 2014). Pour mettre à l’épreuve le fonctionnement de la complémentarité de ces trois modèles, nous avons choisi d’utiliser deux textes littéraires de langue allemande des années 1980-1990 qui sont «Kassandra» (1983) de Christa Wolf et «Minotaurus. Eine Ballade» (1985) de Friedrich Dürrenmatt. Pour identifier le degré de figurativité des métaphores à l’intérieur des textes trois méthodologies ont été mise en place : les interviews des locuteurs allemands ; la consultation des dictionnaires en langue allemande et une observation des éléments présents à l’intérieur de la métaphore à travers la méthodologie MIPVU (Steen et al., 2010). L’analyse nous permet de comprendre le fonctionnement des métaphores dans les textes et les symboles culturels utilisés par les écrivains. De plus, cette recherche vise à montrer l’usage des « frames » et des « blends » conceptuels qui structurent notre cognitionThe main aim of this PhD thesis is the analysis of the cognitive and linguistic mechanisms within the creative and delexicalised metaphors using a mixed approach of Lakoff and Johnson’s (1980 and 1999) theory of conceptual metaphor; the Fauconnier and Turner’s (2002) theory of blending and the Monneret’s (2004 and 2014) theory of analogy. To test the complementariness of these three models, we have chosen two German literary texts from 1980 to 1990 that are «Kassandra» (1983) by Christa Wolf and «Minotaurus: eine Ballade» (1985) by Friedrich Dürrenmatt. To identify the degree of figurativeness of the metaphors within these texts, we have used three methodologies: the interviews to German speakers; the consultation of the German language dictionaries and the observation of the elements within metaphors through the MIPVU methodology (Steen et al., 2010). The analysis allows us to understand how metaphors work in the different texts and how cultural symbols are used by authors. Additionally, this research aims to show how the use of conceptual «frames» and conceptual «blends» that structure our cognition
Lo scopo centrale della tesi di ricerca è quello di analizzare i meccanismi cognitivi e linguistici alla base delle metafore «d’invenzione e delessicalizzate» utilizzando un approccio che miri a fondere la teoria della metafora concettuale di Lakoff e Johnson (1980 e 1999), la teoria dell’integrazione concettuale di Fauconnier e Turner (2002) e la teoria dell’analogia di Monneret (2004 e 2014). Per mettere alla prova il funzionamento della complementarietà di questi tre modelli, è stato scelto di utilizzare due testi letterari di lingua tedesca degli anni 1980-1990 che sono «Kassandra» (1983) di Christa Wolf e «Minotaurus. Eine Ballade» (1985) di Friedrich Dürrenmatt. Per identificare il grado di figuratività delle metafore all’interno dei testi sono state messe in atto tre metodologie: le interviste ai parlanti tedeschi; la consultazione dei dizionari in lingua tedesca e un’osservazione degli elementi presenti all’interno della metafora attraverso la metodologia MIPVU (Steen et al., 2010). L’analisi ci permette di comprendere il funzionamento delle metafore all’interno dei testi e come sono utilizzati i simboli culturali da parte dei singoli autori. In più, questa ricerca rappresenta, quindi, un tentativo di comprendere l’uso dei «frame» e dei «blend» concettuali che strutturano la nostra cognizione
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Braun, Algis Prekeris. "Sociolinguistic and Crosslinguistic Aspects of the Acquisition of English by Lithuanian University Students." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2009~D_20091228_152812-62492.
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This dissertation combines psycholinguistic, sociolinguistic and cognitive linguistic approaches to study the language production phenomenon of crosslinguistic influence (CLI). Modern psycholinguistics has taken an active interest in language production studies, offering a particularly influential model of speech production that is examined in detail. And yet, as many researchers have argued, language data alone are insufficient to paint an accurate portrait of a given speaker’s language use. Whether mono- or multilingual, a speaker’s system of language(s) is itself a sub-system of the language system of the speaker’s family, community, culture, etc. At the same time, recent cognitive linguistic advances in the study of conceptual blending and construction grammar offer unique insights into the structure of the lexicon and even concepts themselves. This dissertation examines the speech production of multilinguals whose English language system has been acquired but is still developing. Such a system is dynamic and subject to unpredictable dynamic effects, here grouped under the general rubric of CLI. The psycholinguistic aspects of this study are concerned with establishing the psychology of students’ language use. The sociolinguistic aspect addresses the need to research the sociocultural background within which the English language system has been acquired. The cognitive linguistic aspects allow in-depth insights into the cognitive and conceptual mechanisms underlying the... [to full text]Šioje disertacijoje, siekiant ištirti kalbos produkavimo fenomeną, taikomi psicholingvistikos, sociolingvistikos ir kognityvinės lingvistikos metodai. Šių dienų psicholingvistai atliko daugybę kalbos produkavimo tyrimų, siūlydami itin svarbų kalbos produkavimo modelį, kuris bus išsamiai išnagrinėtas. Tačiau, kaip dauguma mokslininkų įrodinėjo, vien tik kalbos duomenų nepakanka norint pateikti išsamų konkretaus kalbos vartotojo kalbos vartojimo vaizdą. Nepriklausomai nuo to, ar kalbantysis yra vienakalbis, ar dvikalbis, jo kalbos (-ų) sistema pati yra kalbančiojo šeimos, bendruomenės, kultūros ir kt. kalbos sistemų posistemė. Be to, dabartinės kognityvinės lingvistikos progresas nagrinėjant konceptualiąją metaforą, konceptualųjį derinimą ir konstrukcijų gramatiką teikia unikalių įžvalgų apie žodyno ir net pačių sąvokų struktūrą. Šioje disertacijoje yra nagrinėjamas daugiakalbių, kurie jau yra įsisavinę anglų kalbos sistemą, tačiau kurių kalbos įgūdžiai tebesivysto, kalbos produkavimas. Tokia sistema yra dinamiška ir priklauso nuo iš anksto nenumatomų kintamųjų, kurie šiame darbe pateikti bendrame skyriuje tarpkalbinė įtaka. Psicholingvistiniu šio tyrimo požiūriu siekiama nustatyti studentų kalbos vartojimo psichologinius aspektus. Sociolingvistiniu šio darbo aspektu pabrėžiamas poreikis išnagrinėti sociokultūrinę aplinką, kurioje tiriamieji įsisavino anglų kalbos sistemą. Kognityvinės lingvistikos aspektai leidžia giliau pažvelgti į kognityvinius ir konceptualius mechanizmus... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
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Braun, Algis Prekeris. "Sociolingvistiniai ir tarpkalbiniai lietuvių studentų anglų kalbos įsisavinimo aspektai." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2009~D_20091228_152802-13141.
Full textAbstract:
Šioje disertacijoje, siekiant ištirti kalbos produkavimo fenomeną, taikomi psicholingvistikos, sociolingvistikos ir kognityvinės lingvistikos metodai. Šių dienų psicholingvistai atliko daugybę kalbos produkavimo tyrimų, siūlydami itin svarbų kalbos produkavimo modelį, kuris bus išsamiai išnagrinėtas. Tačiau, kaip dauguma mokslininkų įrodinėjo, vien tik kalbos duomenų nepakanka norint pateikti išsamų konkretaus kalbos vartotojo kalbos vartojimo vaizdą. Nepriklausomai nuo to, ar kalbantysis yra vienakalbis, ar dvikalbis, jo kalbos (-ų) sistema pati yra kalbančiojo šeimos, bendruomenės, kultūros ir kt. kalbos sistemų posistemė. Be to, dabartinės kognityvinės lingvistikos progresas nagrinėjant konceptualiąją metaforą, konceptualųjį derinimą ir konstrukcijų gramatiką teikia unikalių įžvalgų apie žodyno ir net pačių sąvokų struktūrą. Šioje disertacijoje yra nagrinėjamas daugiakalbių, kurie jau yra įsisavinę anglų kalbos sistemą, tačiau kurių kalbos įgūdžiai tebesivysto, kalbos produkavimas. Tokia sistema yra dinamiška ir priklauso nuo iš anksto nenumatomų kintamųjų, kurie šiame darbe pateikti bendrame skyriuje tarpkalbinė įtaka. Psicholingvistiniu šio tyrimo požiūriu siekiama nustatyti studentų kalbos vartojimo psichologinius aspektus. Sociolingvistiniu šio darbo aspektu pabrėžiamas poreikis išnagrinėti sociokultūrinę aplinką, kurioje tiriamieji įsisavino anglų kalbos sistemą. Kognityvinės lingvistikos aspektai leidžia giliau pažvelgti į kognityvinius ir konceptualius mechanizmus... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]This dissertation combines psycholinguistic, sociolinguistic and cognitive linguistic approaches to study the language production phenomenon of crosslinguistic influence (CLI). Modern psycholinguistics has taken an active interest in language production studies, offering a particularly influential model of speech production that is examined in detail. And yet, as many researchers have argued, language data alone are insufficient to paint an accurate portrait of a given speaker’s language use. Whether mono- or multilingual, a speaker’s system of language(s) is itself a sub-system of the language system of the speaker’s family, community, culture, etc. At the same time, recent cognitive linguistic advances in the study of conceptual blending and construction grammar offer unique insights into the structure of the lexicon and even concepts themselves. This dissertation examines the speech production of multilinguals whose English language system has been acquired but is still developing. Such a system is dynamic and subject to unpredictable dynamic effects, here grouped under the general rubric of CLI. The psycholinguistic aspects of this study are concerned with establishing the psychology of students’ language use. The sociolinguistic aspect addresses the need to research the sociocultural background within which the English language system has been acquired. The cognitive linguistic aspects allow in-depth insights into the cognitive and conceptual mechanisms underlying the... [to full text]
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Pagán, Cánovas Cristóbal. "La emisión erótica en la poesía griega: una familia de redes de integración conceptual desde la antigüedad hasta el siglo XX." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/10805.
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Tras exponer la metáfora aristotélica, la Teoría de la Metáfora Conceptual y la Teoría de la Amalgama (blending), propongo que esta última constituye un cambio de paradigma. Con la Teoría de la Amalgama establezco un patrón conceptual con que generalizar sobre varios estudios de figuración verbal, en distintos periodos de la poesía griega de amor: lírica griega arcaica, la aparición de las flechas del amor en los periodos arcaico y clásico, canciones populares medievales, y dos poetas del siglo veinte: Ritsos y Elytis. Todas estas imágenes poéticas comparten un patrón que responde a una red genérica de integración conceptual: la EMISIÓN ERÓTICA. Los principales factores de variación son la asignación del papel de emisor a la persona amada o a un agente externo, y la especificación del esquema de imagen EMISIÓN: luz, viento, o un objeto lanzado. La cultura y el contexto fijan otras restricciones que se pueden estudiar sistemáticamente.This dissertation discusses Aristotle's approach to metaphor, Conceptual Metaphor Theory and Blending Theory, and proposes that the latter constitutes a change of paradigm. I use Blending Theory to model a conceptual pattern generalizing over several case studies of verbal figuration, in different periods of Greek love poetry: ancient Greek lyric, the emergence of the arrows of love in the archaic and classical periods, medieval folksongs, and two 20th century poets, Ritsos and Elytis. All these poetic images share a conceptual pattern that can be modelled with a generic integration network of EROTIC EMISSION. Variation in the realization of the pattern crucially relies on assigning the role of the emitter to the loved person or to an external agent, and on the instantiation of the EMISSION image schema, like light, wind, or an object. Culture and context impose further constraints that can be studied systematically.
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Santana, Joelton Duarte de. "Mesclagem conceptual e compressão de relações vitais: a construção de objetos-de-discurso e negociação de sentidos em língua inglesa." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2012. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/6360.
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Considering the hypothesis that English language learners at the learning moment negotiate and share collective or individually meaning during the conversation, we intend, in this study, to analyze which are the linguistics and cognitive processes involved in the English meaning construction. According to the Blending Theory (Fauconnier & Turner 1998, 2002) as well as Objects of Discourse Theory (Mondada 1994, 1999, 2002), this work aims at understanding, analyzing and describing the vital relations compressed while meaning are negotiated in English language as well as the structures that rise up at the objects of discourse format through blending and vital relation compression processes. We also intend to know how much blending process, objects of discourse and meaning negotiation through discursive, social and cognitive placed practices could make an English language learner able to build public versions of the world. Considering three classroom classes transcription analyses - undergraduate, graduate and conversation course of language we intend to understand how much the meaning negotiation may become a strategy of English language objects of discourse construction and how they might provide interaction at this target language while provide to these learners linguistics and social cognitive sources of world description. We believe human beings are able to build world version by language usage to interact at the specific social communicative and placed contexts. We believe that the meaning it is not only relationed to linguistic aspects but cognitive aspects as well. So we see the language as capable to create a reality that belongs to its own and is mediated by cognitive activities.
Partindo da hipótese de que aprendizes de língua inglesa quando no processo ensino-aprendizagem coletivamente negociem e compartilhem sentidos durante o evento de comunicação, objetivamos, nesse estudo, analisar quais processos linguísticos e cognitivos estão envolvidos na construção de sentidos em língua inglesa. Baseados nas teorias da Mesclagem Conceptual (Fauconnier & Turner 1998, 2002), bem como na Teoria dos Objetos-de-discurso (Mondada 1994, 1999, 2002) objetivamos entender, analisar e descrever quais relações vitais são comprimidas durante a negociação do sentido em língua inglesa e quais estruturas podem emergir por meio dos processos de mesclagem conceptual e da compressão das relações vitais e se a ocorrência desses processos permite a construção de objetos-de-discurso com vistas a permitir que esses aprendizes construam, através de práticas discursivas e cognitivas, social e culturalmente situadas, versões públicas do mundo. Através da análise de aulas transcritas a partir de filmagens realizadas com três turmas de língua inglesa nos níveis de educação básica, superior e curso de idiomas propomo-nos a entender em que medida a negociação de sentido pode se instituir estratégia de construção de objetos-de-discurso em língua inglesa de modo a possibilitar e facilitar a interação nessa língua-alvo. Os resultados mostraram que o significado não é exclusivamente linguístico, mas, sobretudo cognitivo, ratificando a necessidade de atividades colaborativas de negociação de sentidos. Por acreditamos que os seres humanos estão aptos a construir versões do mundo através da linguagem para interagir em contextos sociocomunicativos específicos e localmente situados e por enxergarmos a linguagem como capaz de instaurar uma realidade que lhe é própria e mediada por atividades cognitivas podendo permitir um indivíduo interagir sociocomunicativamente é que desenvolvemos esse estudo.
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Kostetskaya, Anastasia G. "The Water of Life and the Life of Water: the Metaphor of World Liquescence in Russian Symbolist Poetry, Art and Film." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1367511847.
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Dewey, Ryan. "A Sense of Space: Conceptualization in Wayfinding and Navigation." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1339097784.
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Knighton, Erik Joseph. "Vertical Scales in Temporal sub Constructions." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1402999952.
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Dilks, Charlotte. "Les métaphores de guerre dans la prose journalistique du français." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för franska, italienska och klassiska språk, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-31028.
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This study explores the use of war metaphors, more specifically metaphors centred on the verb, in modern French newspaper prose from three principal angles. The first part of the analysis shows that the verbs of war used are metaphorical rather than concrete. However, the vast majority of the metaphors stem from only five verbs, namely attaquer, affronter, combattre, défendre and lutter. The second part of the analysis focuses on these five verbs and their metaphorical uses. It is shown that it is the semantic role of patient that separates a metaphorical use from a concrete use. A classification of the patients according to semantic fields reveals that each of the five verbs shows a distinct preference for a certain type of patient and the verbs also differ in whether their patients have negative or positive connotations. This creates an image of five verbs, each of which is conventionalised in a certain linguistic context. The final chapter of the analysis investigates war metaphors from a textual perspective, analysing their usage according to three parameters: position, function and target domains. The position that is the most susceptible to war metaphors is the initial position. The textual functions of metaphors are divided into one semantic and three pragmatic functions. The semantic function structures the theme of an article in terms of war, construing an antagonism by means of elaborating or extending a conventional metaphor. The pragmatic functions considered are argumentative, descriptive and expressive. In the articles studied, war metaphors have mostly a descriptive or argumentative function. Finally, the target domains and their interconnections with the source domain WAR are considered, showing that the war metaphors are linked to power or the lack thereof. The metaphor often describes the person in power, but the case can be reversed with the metaphor describing the powerless resisting or fighting the person in power.
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Pietrzykowski, Marc. "Winning, Losing, and Changing the Rules: The Rhetoric of Poetry Contests and Competition." unrestricted, 2007. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-08062007-120124/.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2007.Title from file title page. George Pullman, committee chair; Marti Singer, Lyneé Gaillet, committee members. Electronic text (235 p. : ill. (some col.)) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed Nov. 14, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 228-235).
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Pettersson, Ulf. "Textmedierade virtuella världar : Narration, perception och kognition." Doctoral thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för film och litteratur (IFL), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-29606.
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This thesis synthezises theories from intermedia studies, semiotics, Gestalt psychology, cognitive linguistics, cognitive psychology, cognitive poetics, reader response criticism, narratology and possible worlds-theories adjusted to literary studies. The aim is to provide a transdisciplinary explanatory model of the transaction between text and reader during the reading process resulting in the reader experiencing a mental, virtual world. Departing from Mitchells statement that all media are mixed media, this thesis points to Peirce’s tricotomies of different types of signs and to the relation between representamen (sign), object and interpretant, which states that the interpretant can be developed into a more complex sign, for example from a symbolic to an iconic sign. This is explained in cognitive science by the fact that our perceptions are multimodal. We can easily connect sounds and symbolic signs to images. Our brain is highly active in finding structures and patterns, matching them with structures already stored in memory. Cognitive semantics holds that such structures and schematic mental images form the basis for our understanding of concepts. In cognitive linguistics Lakoff and Johnsons theories of conceptual metaphors show that our bodily experiences are fundamental in thought and language, and that abstract thought is concretized by a metaphorical system grounded in our bodily, spatial experiences. Cognitive science has shown that we build situation models based on what the text describes. These mental models are simultaneously influenced by the reader’s personal world knowledge and earlier experiences. Reader response-theorists emphasize the number of gaps that a text leaves to the reader to fill in, using scripts. Eye tracking research reveals that people use mental imaging both when they are re-describing a previously seen picture and when their re-description is based purely on verbal information about a picture. Mental spaces are small conceptual packets constructed as we think and talk. A story is built up by a large number of such spaces and the viewpoint and focus changes constantly. There are numerous possible combinations and relations of mental spaces. For the reader it is important to separate them as well as to connect them. Mental spaces can also be blended. In their integration network model Fauconnier and Turner describe four types of blending, where the structures of the input spaces are blended in different ways. A similar act of separation and fusion is needed dealing with different diegetic levels and focalizations, the question of who tells and who sees in the text. Ryan uses possible worlds-theories from modal logic to describe fictional worlds as both possible and parallel worlds. While fictional worlds are comparable to possible worlds if seen as mental constructions created within our actual world, they must also be treated as parallel worlds, with their own actual, reference world from which their own logic stems. As readers we must recenter ourselves into this fictional world to be able to deal with states of affairs that are logically impossible in our own actual world. The principle of minimal departure states that during our recentering, we only make the adjustments necessary due to explicit statements in the text.
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Armstrong, Julia A. "Conceptual blending in American Sign Language interpretations." 2011. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1637935.
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This study investigated the conceptual blending processes that occurred during American Sign Language (ASL) interpretations. Using the framework of conceptual blending (Fauconnier &Turner, 1996), this study analyzed six ASL interpretations and found two new mental spaces, Narrator Space and Interpreter Space, which are activated during interpretations. Conceptual blending has been used analyzing ASL (Liddell, 1995, 1998, 2000, 2003; Dudis, 2004a, 2004b, 2007) but had not been applied to ASL interpretations until this study. The conceptual blending process of ASL has found several mental spaces that are activated in blends. Real Space (Liddell, 1995) and Event Space (Dudis, 2007) are two mental spaces that blend in ASL; these two spaces were also found in the data of this study. The data also revealed that all six interpreters created Event Space much like Deaf signers.Access to thesis permanently restricted to Ball State community only
Department of English
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Copland, Sarah. "Modelling the Mind: Conceptual Blending and Modernist Narratives." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/19027.
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This thesis offers a new approach to mind modelling in modernist narratives. Taking Nietzsche’s work as exemplary of modernist ideas about cognition’s relational basis, I argue that conceptual blending theory, a particularly cogent model of a fundamental cognitive process, has roots in modernism. I read inscriptions of relational cognition in modernist narratives as “conceptual blends” that invite cognitive mobility as a central facet of reader response. These blends, which integrate conceptual domains, invite similarity-seeing and difference-seeing, exposing the reader to new conceptual content and new cognitive styles; she is thus better able to negotiate the reading-related complexities of modernist narrative’s formal innovations and the real-world complexities of modernity’s local and global upheavals.
Chapter One considers blending’s interrelated rhetorical motivations and cognitive effects in Chiang Yee’s Silent Traveller narratives: bringing together English and Chinese domains, Chiang’s blends defamiliarize his readers’ culturally entrenched assumptions, invite collaborative reading strategies, and thus equip his readers for relating flexibly to a newly globalized world. Moving away from blends in a text’s narration, Chapter Two focuses on blends as textual structuring principles. I read Virginia Woolf’s The Waves as a thinking mind with fundamentally relational cognitive processes; I consider the mobile cognitive operations we perform reading about a text’s mind thinking and thinking along with it. Chapters Three and Four cross the nebulous text-peritext border to examine blends in modernist prefaces. Chapter Three focuses on blends in Joseph Conrad’s and Henry James’s prefaces, relating them, through the reading strategies they invite, to the narratives they accompany. Chapter Four considers allographic prefaces to Arthur Morrison’s Tales of Mean Streets and two of Chiang’s narratives: blends in these prefaces invite the cognitive mobility necessary for reconceptualizing both allographic preface-text and East-West relations. All four chapters treat the modernist narrative text as a textual system whose blends, often interacting and borderless, signal reciprocal, mutually permeable relations among its textual levels. Dialogic relations also underwrite the interaction between these blends and blends the reader performs when engaging with them. Modernist narratives model (bear inscriptions of) cognition’s relational processes in order to model (shape) the reader’s mind.
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Chen, Chia-Wen, and 陳家文. "An Analysis on Ambient Media Advertising Design Using Conceptual Blending Theory." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4r6y68.
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碩士國立臺北科技大學
創新設計研究所
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Ambient Media started to appear in British media jargon in late 90’s, but now seems to be firmly established as a standard term in the advertising industry. Unfortunately, the academic community in face of numerous ambient media advertisements has made few studies on its multiple forms. In the advertising industry, metaphor is one of the most common on designing. Conceptual blending theory has strong explanatory ability, which can combine two different things, such as language and design. Therefore, it is one of the most influential theories of cognitive linguistics. However, conceptual blending theory is less popular to analyze on designing ambient media nowadays We recognize some similarities and differences between metaphor and blending, and examine their occurrence in four types of blending networks in ads. This study will use conceptual blending theory to analyze the metaphor of ambient media advertising design. The results of this study suggest that the design method based on conceptual blending offers the designers a systematic approach through search sources of creativity from environment to generate ambient media design concepts. Or search sources of creativity from products to generate ambient media design concepts. The results support that the target consumer insight is the most important parts of ambient media design. The key to a successful ambient media campaign is to choose the best media format available and combined with effective message. Furthermore, this study will evaluate the innovation of the metaphor target and the source object in order to understand the relationship between the type of conceptual blending theory and the metaphorical and innovative.
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Chen, Shih-Ting, and 陳詩婷. "An Analysis on Cultural and Creative Product Design Using Conceptual Blending Theory." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/f6exxn.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺北科技大學
創新設計研究所
100
Conceptual blending theory has strong explanatory ability to parse various things, such as language or advertising. Therefore, it is one of the most influential theories of cognitive linguistics. However, conceptual blending theory is less popular to analyze design products in these days. This study will use conceptual blending theory to analyze the metaphor of cultural and creative product. In order to classify the culture and creative product for the type of concept blending theory, this study will divide the metaphor target and source objects of culture and creative product into three categories to conduct the analysis :(1) the product structure relationship (2) the product function and behavior (3) the product meaning and feeling. Conceptual blending theory is divided into four type: ((1) simplex (2) mirror (3) one-scope (4) double scope. Using questionnaire to evaluate the degree of appropriate for the metaphor target and the creative ideas and design result of the source object. And based on the following categories to conduct the assessment: (1) the structure relationship (2) the product function and behavior (3) the product meaning and feeling. Furthermore, this study will evaluate the innovation of the metaphor target and the source object in order to understand the relationship between the type of conceptual blending theory and the metaphorical and innovative.
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Van, Heerden Chantelle. "Intertextuality reinterpreted : a cognitive linguistics approach with specific reference to conceptual blending." Diss., 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/924.
Full textAbstract:
In this dissertation, I investigate the cognitive processes integral to intertextual readings by referring to the cognitive linguistics framework known as conceptual blending. I refer to different genres of intertextual texts and then explain these intertexts in terms of cognitive principles and processes, such as conceptual blending networks. By applying the framework of conceptual blending to intertexts within different genres, I suggest that the underlying cognitive processes are universal for the interpretation of any type of intertextual text.
My findings indicate that conceptual blending underpins intertextuality which is cognitive, creative and dynamic in nature. This means that the meaning we construct from intertexts is dependent on the context in which they appear and cannot be studied in isolation. Investigating intertextual texts from a cognitive linguistics perspective reveals new inferences (such as the influence of implicit knowledge as a type of intertext) and the creativity involved in the meaning-making process.Linguistics
M.A. (Linguistics)
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Jia-li, Shen, and 沈嘉莉. "Conceptual Metaphor Blending in Mandarin Animal Idioms---A Case Study of Ma‘Horse’." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/73089010288748979009.
Full textAbstract:
碩士輔仁大學
語言學研究所
98
This study aims to reveal conceptual metaphor in Mandarin animal idioms in the light of ma ‘horse’. I first classify them according to their semantic molecules, then turn to explore the related culture. I find that the relationship between Mandarin and its culture is very close and it fits in with the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis. Metaphor is for most people a device of the poetic imagination and the rhetorical flourish. According to Lakoff and Johnson’s Conceptual Metaphor Theory (1980), the metaphorical use of ma—idioms can be found that they are not just the rhetorical flourish. The way we think, what we experience, and what we do every day is very much a matter of metaphor. In other wards, there is a coherent conceptual organization underlying all these idioms of ma ‘horse’. Using Fauconnier’s Mental Space Theory (1997), and discussing the horse’s operation of conceptual metaphor in Mandarin animal idioms, it has been shown that the process of metaphorical meaning construction is a context-based process. Specifically speaking, this thesis regards Conceptual Blending Theory as the research method to discuss questions of this topic. I first set up two input spaces which contain the elements from the context, and then find out the general features which are common to the two input spaces in idioms. After the data from two input spaces blends together, the output of the blended space is the cultural meaning of metaphor.
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Lin, Chih-Chung, and 林致中. "A Method Based on Conceptual Blending Theory for Product Design and Its Application." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/2yd225.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺北科技大學
創新設計研究所
101
Metaphor is a common design method using the difference among two similar objects to find out an appropriate source of communication that links with the target, which creates the structure of conceptual mental space. Besides, through multi-space discussion, conceptual blending theory can analyze the disparity of similarities between two objects and proposes a systematic explanation. So far, this theory has been widely applied in the realm of cognitive psychology. In contrary, there are few applications in the design field. Therefore, in my thesis, I study the product design with conceptual blending theory and combine the three-level interactions that are instinct, behavior and reflection separately in emotional design to seek the appropriate fodders that can match the objects well. Accordingly, it’s easy to clear the direction of design, and further assist the designers to get more clearly contextual information in their creative process. The section of design creativity includes three major categories: (1) Category of Simple Technology: This case originated from the design competition held by National Place Museum. My work incorporates decorative stereo patterns and composability into the design of vase. - "FLOWER". (2) Category of General Technology: It includes case studies symposium and industry-university cooperation project. The first case covers the environment-friendly and sustainable elements, whose application is on the basis of reuse possibility. LEGO bricks define the characteristic of PET bottle and simultaneously give it a whole new appearance. - "PET LEGO". The second case practices the conceptual blending theory to design the micro mesh nebulizer with the imagery of Iron Man in the limit of marketability. - "Iron Mesh". (3) Category of Prospective Technology: This case is focus on seeking the proper technology (such as Orange Technology) and introducing it into the product design. - "SAFE GUARD".
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Steyn, Delport Leandi. "Conceptual blending and the process from text to performance in theatre and song." 2014. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1001296.
Full textAbstract:
M. Tech. DramaSources on musical theatre training by experts Rocco Dal Vera, Joe Deer, Tracy Moore and Allison Bergman, give the impression that there is a lacuna in training when teaching acting skills for singing in musical theatre. This dissertation, in an attempt to fill this lacuna, constructs a strategy of engagement by using cognitive science, together with Stanislavsky's acting techniques and music theory to explain the process from text/sheet music (the 'digital' domain) to performance (the 'analogue' domain). In this dissertation the 'digital' is seen as a metaphor for bounded, specific and singular phenomena (such as a written word or music note), and the 'analogue' is seen as a metaphor for a continuous, undulating and unbroken line of an event. The aim of this dissertation was achieved by conducting a critical literature study on the subjects of second generation cognitive science, Stanislavsky's acting techniques, and music theory and analysis.
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Tai, Chia-Yen, and 戴嘉言. "Design with Conceptual Blending: A Case Study on Intelligent Product Development for the Elderly." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/7wau7b.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺北科技大學
創新設計研究所
101
This study applied Conceptual Blending as a design method to assist concept generating in design process. By case study, we carried out this design method in a project of developing intelligent product for the elderly, to investigate and discuss the way of applying Conceptual Blending in design. In the whole design process, we following the iterative concept generating process. By the evaluation of every design stage, it could provide guidance to regenerate concept through conceptual blending in next design stage. Thus we could get the finally design concept. The results of this study suggest that firstly, the design method based on Conceptual Blending offers the designers a systematic approach through search sources of creativity to generate concrete design concepts. Secondly, the results support that AEIOU is an ideal framework to operating conceptual blending. And by allow the O(object) being unfolded as product architecture, it could help the designers to adopt comprehensive contexts and detailed product architecture to generate design concept. Thirdly, by taking the approach of iterative concept blending process, the evaluation in every design stage could give a guidance of searching sources of creativity while applying conceptual blending in next stage. Fourthly, in the iterative concept blending process, it could be usually applying double-scope conceptual integrated network in earlier design stage, and taking single-scope or simplex in later stage. This is totally support the design thinking way that we take lateral thinking in earlier stage and vertical thinking in later stage. Finally, the research results suggest that the conceptual integration network produced in the concept blending process, can function as a visual thinking tool which enhances effective communication between the designer team as well as helps illustrating the design concepts.
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Khemakhem, Zied. "Conceptual blending and the mapping of the inner recesses of the mind in Virginia Woolf's The Waves." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10005.
Full textAbstract:
Cette étude offre une lecture de The Waves de Virginia Woolf en tant qu’une
représentation fictive des “formes exactes de la pensée.” Elle établit le lien entre le récit de The Waves et l’expérience personnelle de l’auteur avec “les voix” qui hantaient son esprit, en raison de sa maladie maniaco-dépressive. La présente étude propose également une analyse du roman inspirée par la théorie de la “fusion conceptuelle:” cette approche narrative a pour but de (1) souligner “la fusion” de l’imagination, des émotions, et de la perception qui constitue l’essence du récit de The Waves, (2) mettre l’accent sur les “configurations mentales” subtilement développées par/entre les voix du récit, en vue de diminuer le semblant de la désorganisation et de l’éparpillement des pensées généré par la représentation de la conscience, (3) permettre au lecteur d’accéder à la configuration subjective et identitaire des différentes voix du récit en traçant l’éventail de leurs pensées “fusionnées.” L’argument de cette dissertation est subdivisé en trois chapitres: le premier chapitre emploie la théorie de la fusion conceptuelle afin de souligner les processus mentaux menant à la création de “moments de vision.” Il décrit la manière dont la fusion des pensées intérieures
et de la perception dans les “moments de vision” pourrait servir de tremplin à la configuration subjective des voix du récit. La deuxième section interprète l’ensemble des voix du roman en tant qu’une “société de soi-mêmes.” À l’aide de la théorie de la fusion conceptuelle, elle met l’accent sur les formes de pensée entrelacées entre les différentes voix du récit, ce qui permet aux protagonistes de développer une identité interrelationnelle, placée au plein centre des différentes subjectivités. Le troisième chapitre trace les processus mentaux permettant aux différentes voix du roman de développer une forme de subjectivité cohérente et intégrée. Dans ce chapitre, l’idée
de la fusion des différents aspects de l’identité proposée par Fauconnier et Turner est
employée pour décrire l’intégration des éléments de la subjectivité des protagonistes en une seule configuration identitaire. D’ailleurs, ce chapitre propose une interprétation du triste suicide de Rhoda qui met en relief son inaptitude à intégrer les fragments de sa subjectivité en une identité cohérente et “fusionnée.”This dissertation starts with the premise that Virginia Woolf’s The Waves is to be read as a “mind thinking” and as an expression of “the exact shapes” that the mind holds. It establishes the link between Woolf’s experience of writing The Waves and her obsession with the “voices that fly ahead;” i.e. the very voices that used to prey on her mind as a result of her manic-depressive illness. It also offers a reading to the novel inspired by Conceptual Blending Theory: this framework helps (1) account for the “blend” of sensory impressions, feelings, and imaginative thoughts that constitute the essence of The Waves, (2) make up for the dispersed and seemingly fragmented nature of the narrative by emphasizing the various “mental patterns” weaved by/among the mind’s different voices, and (3) enable the reader to pin down a sense of the protagonists’ identities by carefully following their “blended” mental processes. The argument of this dissertation is developed in three chapters: the first chapter uses blending theory to highlight the mental processes that lead to the crystallization of intense “moments of visions.” It shows how a sense of the protagonists’ subjectivities would emerge by virtue of the “patterned” insight gained in those peculiar moments of revelation. The second chapter reads The Waves as a “society of selves.” Using Blending Theory, it emphasizes the “patterned” mental connections weaved among the different voices, which allows them to gain a “situated” or inter-relational form of insight about their own subjectivities. The third chapter follows the mental processes that enable The Waves’ protagonists to construct a stable and coherent sense of identity through the mental integration of different aspects of their subjectivities. In this chapter, Fauconnier and Turner’s notion of “living in the blend” is used to show how, in the course of their subjective development, The Waves’ voices would achieve an overall sense of psychological and identitary “wholeness.” The chapter also accounts for Rhoda’s unfortunate suicide in terms of her inability to continue to live in the very blend of her personal identity.
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Arruda, Maria Rodrigues. "Aqui a natureza é a estrela : mesclagem conceptual e redes de espaços mentais na campanha Hollywood da Hortifruti." Master's thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.2/2542.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação de Mestrado em Estudos Portugueses Multidisciplinares apresentada à Universidade AbertaA presente dissertação tem como objetivo analisar a criatividade e o imaginário presentes na conceptualização da publicidade por meio das metáforas dos anúncios impressos da campanha publicitária Hollywood, da marca Hortifruti, sob o processo de mesclagem conceptual. O seu foco está nas metáforas verbo-pictóricas enquanto um recurso criativo explorado na publicidade, nas quais a imagem, assim como o texto, também é uma veiculadora de metáforas. O nosso corpus é constituído pelos vinte e um anúncios impressos que totalizam a campanha Hollywood, sendo ele dividido segundo os espaços genéricos presentes nas mesclagens conceptuais de cada anúncio. A publicidade impressa, além da linguagem verbal, também recorre aos elementos visuais como criadores de metáforas, um recurso fundamental que atribui características a um produto ou serviço e o destaca na imensa miríade de marcas existentes na nossa sociedade atual. Outdoors e anúncios em revistas, os dois tipos de publicidade impressa através dos quais se apresenta a campanha Hollywood, valem-se de um forte apelo visual e de textos breves que possam capturar a atenção do leitor de uma forma surpreendente, inesperada e de fácil memorização. Assim, as metáforas, assim como as metonímias, são mecanismos cognitivos ideais que facilitam esse escopo publicitário seja por meio da imagem, seja por meio da linguagem verbal.
The aim of this thesis is to analyze both the creativity and imagination contained in the conceptualisation of advertising through the metaphors of print ads about the Hollywood advertising campaign, regarding the brand Hortifruti, under the process of conceptual blending. Its focus is on the verbo-pictorial metaphors as a creative resource exploited in advertising, where both the image and the text, are considered a vehicle of metaphors. Our corpus consists of twenty-one print ads that complete the Hollywood campaign, being the same divided according to the generic spaces present in conceptual blending of each ad. The print ads, as well as verbal language, also uses the visual elements as creators of metaphors, a feature that assigns fundamental characteristics of a product or a service and highlights it in the vast myriad of brands existing in our society today. Billboards and magazine ads are the two types of print ads through which the Hollywood campaign introduces itself, making use of a strong visual appeal and brief texts that can capture the reader's attention in a surprising, unexpected and memorable way. Thus, metaphors, as well as metonymies, are ideal cognitive mechanisms that facilitate this advertising target either through image, or through verbal language.
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Abdel-Fattah, Ahmed M. H. "Utilizing Cross-Domain Cognitive Mechanisms for Modeling Aspects of Artificial General Intelligence." Doctoral thesis, 2014. https://repositorium.ub.uni-osnabrueck.de/handle/urn:nbn:de:gbv:700-2014033112354.
Full textAbstract:
In this era of increasingly rapid availability of resources of all kinds, a widespread need to characterize, filtrate, use, and evaluate what could be necessary and useful becomes a crucially vital everyday task. Neither research in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) nor in cognitive science (CogSci) is an exception (let alone within a crossing of both paths). A promised goal of AI was to primarily focus on the study and design of intelligent artifacts that show aspects of human-like general intelligence (GI). That is, facets of intelligence similar to those exhibited by human beings in solving problems related to cognition. However, the focus in achieving AI’s original goal is scattered over time. The initial ambitions in the 1960s and 1970s had grown by the 1980s into an "industry", where not only researchers and engineers but also entire companies developed the AI technologies in building specialized hardware. But the result is that technology afforded us with many, many devices that allegedly work like humans, though they can only be considered as life facilitators (if they even do). This is mainly due to, I propose, basic changes on viewing what true essences of intelligence should have been considered within scientific research when modeling systems with GI capacities.
A modern scientific approach to achieving AI by simulating cognition is mainly based on representations and implementations of higher cognition in artificial systems. Luckily, such systems are essentially designed with the intention to be acquired with a "human like" level of GI, so that their functionalities are supported by results (and solution methodologies) from many cognitive scientific disciplines. In classical AI, only a few number of attempts have tried to integrate forms of higher cognitive abilities in a uniform framework that model, in particular, cross-domain reasoning abilities, and solve baffling cognition problems —the kind of problems that a cognitive being (endowed with traits of GI) could only solve. Unlike classical AI, the intersection between the recent research disciplines: artificial general intelligence (AGI) and CogSci, is promising in this regard. The new direction is mostly concerned with studying, modeling, and computing AI capabilities that simulate facets of GI and functioning of higher cognitive mechanisms.
Whence, the focus in this thesis is on examining general problem solving capabilities of cognitive beings that are both: "human-comparable" and "cognitively inspired", in order to contribute to answering two substantial research questions. The first seeks to find whether it is still necessary to model higher cognitive abilities in models of AGI, and the second asks about the possibility to utilize cognitive mechanisms to enable cognitive agents demonstrate clear signs of human-like (general) intelligence. Solutions to cross-domain reasoning problems (that characterize human-like thinking) need to be modeled in a way that reflects essences of cognition and GI of the reasoner. This could actually be achieved (among other things) through utilizing cross-domain, higher cognitive mechanisms. Examples of such cognitive mechanisms include analogy-making and concept blending (CB), which are exceptional as active areas of recent research in cognitive science, though not enough attention has been given to the rewards and benefits one gets when they interact.
A basic claim of the thesis is that several aspects of human-comparable level of GI are based on forms of (cross-domain) representations and (creative) productions of conceptions. The thesis shows that computing these aspects within AGI-based systems is indispensable for their modeling. In addition, the aspects can be modeled by employing certain cognitive mechanisms. The specific examples of mechanisms most relevant to the current text are computation of generalizations (i.e. abstractions) using analogy-making (i.e. transferring a conceptualization from one domain into another domain) and CB (i.e. merging parts of conceptualizations of two domains into a new domain). Several ideas are presented and discussed in the thesis to support this claim, by showing how the utilization of these mechanisms can be modeled within a logic-based framework. The framework to be used is Heuristic-Driven Theory Projection (HDTP), which can model solutions to a concrete set of cognition problems (including creativity, rationality, noun-noun combinations, and the analysis of counterfactual conditionals).
The resulting contributions may be considered as a necessary, although not by any means a sufficient, step to achieve intelligence on a human-comparable scale in AGI-based systems. The thesis thus fills an important gap in models of AGI, because computing intelligence on a human-comparable scale (which is, indeed, an ultimate goal of AGI) needs to consider the modeling of solutions to, in particular, the aforementioned problems.
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CHIU, MEI-YEN, and 邱美燕. "The effects of blending physical and virtual experiments on elementary school students' conceptual understanding and attitude toward science class." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/09338966597769506723.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立新竹教育大學
數理教育研究所科學教育教學碩士班
103
The purposes of this study are to investigate the effects of the three teaching methodologies (physical experiments, virtual experiments, and blending physical and virtual experiments) on fifth grade elementary school students’ science achievement, attitudes toward science class and the conceptual understanding of force and motion. A quasi-experimental design was used in this study. The participants were 166 fifth grade students from six science classes in an elementary school. Of the six science classes, two science classes were assigned as the physical experiment group, two science classes were assigned as the virtual experiment group, and two science classes were assigned as the blending physical and virtual experiment group, respectively. Three instruments, the Force and Motion Achievement Test, the Attitudes Toward Science Class Survey and the Open-Ended Questionnaire were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using one-way ANCOVA, Chi-square, and descriptive statistics. The major findings of this study are as follows : 1.Students working in the blending physical and virtual experiment condition tended to exhibit better science achievement than students working in the virtual experiment condition. 2.There were no significant differences between the three groups with regard to students’ attitudes toward science class. 3.Students working in the blending physical and virtual experiments seemed to exhibit better concpetual change than students working in the physical experiments alone and the virtual experiments alone.
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Venter, Hester Elzebet. "Die verhouding tussen verhaal en metafoor in Agaat (Marlene van Niekerk) / Hester Elzebet Venter." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/11265.
Full textAbstract:
The novel Agaat by Marlene van Niekerk is a highly complex text. One of the most compelling
aspects of the novel is the way in which the author constructs an underlying metaphorical grid
which determines the composition of the novel. The motives in the novel cannot be regarded
merely as motives because specific prominent and powerful metaphors are continually exploited
by variation and extension. The complicated relationship between narrative and metaphor on
different levels is of great importance in the interpretation of the novel.
Due to the complexity of the text, the dominant metaphors cannot be analyzed in the traditional
manner. In this study I want to demonstrate that conceptual blending theory, which can be
regarded as a branch of conceptual metaphor theory, offers a theoretical framework that can be
used to understand the underlying cognitive functioning of the interaction between author, text
and reader.
This dissertation will examine the processes of blending shaped from the mottos posted at the
beginning of the novel. The three mottos, the music motto, the embroidery motto and the farming
motto, act throughout the novel as a backdrop against which events in the novel can be
interpreted. The blending formed from these mottos merge with other metaphors in the novel in
order to generate meaning. The three mottos were taken from the introductions of the FAKVolksangbundel,
the embroidery book Borduur so and the Hulpboek vir boere in Suid-Afrika.
The three books are used by Milla to educate and teach Agaat. She uses the books to "create"
Agaat and to mould her into the person that Milla wants her to be. The mottos stress the uplifting
of the people and the creation of a true Afrikaner identity. Agaat accomplishes everything that
the books require of her, she becomes an expert in the areas that determine the Afrikaner
identity. However, as a brown woman, she is still not considered a member of community or as a
fully acceptable civilized woman.
The meanings of the other important metaphor in the novel, the mirror metaphor, are also
investigated extensively. The mirror plays an important role in the relationship between Milla and Agaat. The mirror is also important in Milla's confrontation with herself, especially in her
experience of her illness and her acceptance of her imminent death. The mirror is also used in the
depiction of the relationship between characters and the experience of each other as the "Other".
The blending of the mirror metaphor and the link that can be established with the theories of
Lacan are part of one of the main blendings formed from the mirror metaphor. This metaphor
also interacts with the embroidery metaphor. The mirror reflects images to the characters and via
the characters to the readers which enforce moral judgments about perceptions and practices.
The final part of the dissertation analyses how the dominant metaphors, namely music,
embroidery, farming and the mirror, blend in multiple ways in the text to create new domains of
meaning. The four main metaphors also blend with secondary metaphors in the novel in order to
generate meaning. One of the important secondary metaphors is the "waterhondjies". The
"waterhondjies" blend with Guido Gezelle's poem "Het Schrijverke". There is also emphasis on
the relationship between writing and the "waterhondjies". The blending of the caeser butterfly
plays an important role in the novel as well.
In the final chapter the statement is made that the metaphors and symbols in Agaat cannot merely
be regarded and interpreted as traditional motives, but rather as examples of cognitive blending.
The types of blending in the novel require the cooperation of the reader in all cases. The reader
must, in some cases, as with the mirror metaphor and the metaphor of the "waterhondjies",
identify and activate the second domain of the blend. In the case of the mottos the different
domains of the blend are activated by the author and the reader only needs to provide an
interpretation. At the end of the dissertation the conclusion is made that the blending theory
offers a suitable method and terminology to analyze the complex processes of generating
meaning in the novel.Thesis (M.A. (Afrikaans and Dutch))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010
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Horáková, Miroslava. "Interpretace reklam založená na využití metafor." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-352296.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis deals with metaphors in the conception of George Lakoff and Mark Johnson. Metaphor is one of the fundamental principles anchored in our conceptual system and in our relationship to the world. Metaphors reveal how the world is saved in our language. This thesis illustrates a method of forming metaphors on the example of advertisements. It closely focuses on the cultural differences.