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Morton, Luise H. "Theories of three conceptual artists : a critique and comparison." Virtual Press, 1985. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/425069.
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Conceptual Art emerged as an international, avant-garde art movement in the mid-60s. Attacking the prevailing aesthetics of modern art, Conceptual artists claim that art lies not in the object itself but in the artist's idea or intention. Their asserted goals have been to combine theory with art and to eliminate the need for form in artworks. The purpose of this study was to examine and critique the key theoretical writings of three artists whose works have been recognized by the critics as significant and seminal for the Conceptual Art Movement: Joseph Kosuth, Sol LeWitt, and Terry Atkinson.Historical aspects relevant to this study included the following: (i) early twentieth-century antecedents of Conceptual Art; (ii) recent avant-garde movements of the 60s and 70s; (iii) the history and nature of the concept theories of Kosuth, LeWitt, and Atkinson; (ii) a critiqueof t ese theories in terms of their consistency and viabi ity for generating art; (iii) a comparison of Conceptual Art theories with both commonly accepted theories of art and more radical aesthetic theories of contemporary philosophers.Upon completion of this study, it was concluded that despite many ideological differences, Kosuth, LeWitt, and Atkinson agree on two key notions: (i) the locus of the "work of art" is not a physical object; and (ii) it is the artist's idea which alone accounts for the significance of an artwork. Their arguments in support of these notions are unsatisfactory. Longstanding issues in aesthetics, viz., the problems of defining art and evaluating its significance, are not resolved. The critics' acclaim of the writings critiqued in this study must therefore rest on extrinsic features such as the prestige of the artists, the relevance of the content of the writings to dominant trends in contemporary art, and the potential historical significance of their challenges to established views about art and aesthetics.
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Helvaci, Aziz. "Comparison Of Parametric Models For Conceptual Duration Estimation Of Building Projects." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12609759/index.pdf.
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Estimation of construction durations is a very crucial part of project planning, as several key decisions are based on the estimated durations. In general, construction durations are estimated by using planning and scheduling techniques such as Gannt or bar chart, the Critical Path Method (CPM), and the
Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT). However, these techniques usually require detailed design information for estimation of activity durations and determination of the sequencing of the activities. In some cases, pre-design duration estimates may be performed by using these techniques, however, accuracy of these estimates mainly depends on the experience of the planning engineer.
In this study, it is aimed to develop and compare alternative methods for conceptual duration estimation of building constructions with basic data information available at the early stages of projects. Five parametric duration estimation models are developed with the data of 17 building projects which were constructed by a contractor in United States. Regression analysis and artificial neural networks are used in the development of these five duration estimation models. A parametric cost estimation model is developed using regression analysis for cost estimations to be used in calculating the prediction performances of cost based duration estimation models. Finally, prediction performances of all parametric duration estimation models are determined and
compared. The models provided reasonably accurate estimates for construction durations. The results also indicated that construction durations can be predicted
accurately without making an estimate for the project cost.
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Zwack, Mathew R. "CONTRAST: A conceptual reliability growth approach for comparison of launch vehicle architectures." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53095.
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In 2004, the NASA Astronaut Office produced a memo regarding the safety of next generation launch vehicles. The memo requested that these vehicles have a probability of loss of crew of at most 1 in 1000 flights, which represents nearly an order of magnitude decrease from current vehicles. The goal of LOC of 1 in 1000 flights has since been adopted by the launch vehicle design community as a requirement for the safety of future vehicles. This research addresses the gap between current vehicles and future goals by improving the capture of vehicle architecture effects on reliability and safety.
Vehicle architecture pertains to the physical description of the vehicle itself, which includes manned or unmanned, number of stages, number of engines per stage, engine cycle types, redundancy, etc. During the operations phase of the vehicle life-cycle it is clear that each of these parameters will have an inherent effect on the reliability and safety of the vehicle. However, the vehicle architecture is typically determined during the early conceptual design phase when a baseline vehicle is selected. Unless a great amount of money and effort is spent, the architecture will remain relatively constant from conceptual design through operations. Due to the fact that the vehicle architecture is essentially “locked-in” during early design, it is expected that much of the vehicle's reliability potential will also be locked-in.
This observation leads to the conclusion that improvement of vehicle reliability and safety in the area of vehicle architecture must be completed during early design. Evaluation of the effects of different architecture decisions must be performed prior to baseline selection, which helps to identify a vehicle that is most likely to meet the reliability and safety requirements when it reaches operations. Although methods exist for evaluating reliability and safety during early design, weaknesses exist when trying to evaluate all architecture effects simultaneously.
The goal of this research was therefore to formulate and implement a method that is capable of quantitatively evaluating vehicle architecture effects on reliability and safety during early conceptual design. The ConcepTual Reliability Growth Approach for CompariSon of Launch Vehicle ArchiTectures (CONTRAST) was developed to meet this goal. Using the strengths of existing techniques a hybrid approach was developed, which utilizes a reliability growth projection to evaluate the vehicles. The growth models are first applied at the subsystem level and then a vehicle level projection is generated using a simple system level fault tree. This approach allows for the capture of all trades of interest at the subsystem level as well as many possible trades at the assembly level.
The CONTRAST method is first tested on an example problem, which compares the method output to actual data from the Space Transportation System (STS). This example problem illustrates the ability of the CONTRAST method to capture reliability growth trends seen during vehicle operations. It also serves as a validation for the development of the reliability growth model assumptions for future applications of the method.
The final chapter of the thesis applies the CONTRAST method to a relevant launch vehicle, the Space Launch System (SLS), which is currently under development.
Within the application problem, the output of the method is first used to check that the primary research objective has been met. Next, the output is compared to a state-of-the-art tool in order to demonstrate the ability of the CONTRAST method to alleviate one of the primary consequences of using existing techniques. The final section within this chapter presents an analysis of the booster and upper stage block upgrade options for the SLS vehicle. A study of the upgrade options was carried out because the CONTRAST method is uniquely suited to look at the effects of such strategies. The results from the study of SLS block upgrades give interesting observations regarding the desired development order and upgrade strategy. Ultimately this application problem demonstrates the merits of applying the CONTRAST method during early design. This approach provides the designer with more information in regard to the expected reliability of the vehicle, which will ultimately enable the selection of a vehicle baseline that is most likely to meet the future requirements.
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Zimarina, Elena. "A comparison of economy-related conceptual metaphors in english and lithuanian popular economic discourse." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2013. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2013~D_20130606_104844-35877.
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The present thesis deals with the conceptual economy-related metaphors in the economic discourse. The aim of the thesis is to provide the comparative analysis on the economy-related conceptual metaphors in popular economic discourse in English and Lithuanian. The paper attempts to describe the concept of metaphor and how this rhetorical device is used in the economic discourse. The analysis aims at exploring which metaphoric constructions are dominant in the English and Lithuanian economic rhetoric as well as pointing out the differences or similarities in the usage of the linguistic expressions of these constructions and the functions of the metaphorical language in economic texts.
The paper consists of two parts, theoretical and analytical. Chapter 2 and 3 provides theoretical background for the analysis. Chapter 2 discusses the concept of metaphor. Section 2.1 deals with the traditional view of metaphor; whereas section 2.2 introduces cognitive linguistics and how this discipline describes metaphor. Next, section 2.3 provides a discussion on the conceptual metaphor. Section 2.4 cultural variation in metaphor is discussed briefly. Chapter 3 deals with the metaphors in economic discourse. Section 3.1 provides a brief discussion on economic discourse as a genre and its linguistic features. Section 3.2 looks at metaphors in economic discourse.
Chapter 4 presents the analysis of economy-related conceptual metaphors in English and Lithuanian... [to full text]Šis darbas nagrinėja konceptualiąsias su ekonomika susijusias metaforas anglų ir lietuvių ekonominiame diskurse. Analizės tikslas buvo išsiaiškinti, kurios konceptualiųjų metaforų konstrukcijos yra plačiausiai naudojamos lietuvių bei anglų ekonominėje retorikoje pabrėžiant vartojimo skirtumus bei panašumus koncentruojantis į funkcijas, kurias jos atlieka. Ekonominiame bei politiniame diskurse metafora dažnai suvokiama kaip ideologinė priemonė, kuria siekiama paveikti, įtikinti ir manipuliuoti žmonėmis. Atlikus straipsnių, kurių tema yra Lietuvos bei Didžiosios Britanijos stojimas bei požiūris į Euro zoną, populiariuose ekonominiuose leidiniuose, buvo nustatyta, jog dažniausiai ekonominė sistema yra konceptualizuojama kaip gyva būtybė, sodas bei mechanizmas arba mašina. Šios metaforos ekonomistams bei politikams padėjo ne tik paprastai ir suprantamai paaiškinti sudėtingus ekonominius procesus, bet ir įrėminti ir pateikti tam tikrą ekonominę pasaulėžiūrą ir politiką, taip pat sąmonigai ar nesąmonigai buvo naudojamos kaip įrankis įtikinti publiką savo politinių/ekonominių sprendimų teisingumu ir subtiliai paveikti ar pakeisti piliečių nuomonę bei manipuliuoti jų nuostatomis dėl narystės krizę patiriančioje monetarinėje sąjungoje.
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Li, Chikang. "Conceptual study of moderately coupled plasmas and experimental comparison of laboratory x-ray sources." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/12281.
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West, Darren. "Contrast and comparison of outdoor educational program planning practices through a conceptual framework lens." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/32131.
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This study investigated program planning practices in outdoor education. The investigation looked through a conceptual framework lens at three different cases of outdoor education: Voluntary, Governmental, and Commercial. The research sought to ascertain to what extent theory is reflected in practice. During the research there was also opportunity to gain an insight into whether planning involves the learners, and more specifically whether it involves children learners. Information was gathered through investigation of theoretical perspectives of program planning and through case analysis via interviewing. Data suggests that there are varying levels of learning integrated within program planning. The data also confirms that care should be taken to reduce the gap between theory and practice with outdoor education program planning frameworks. The following pages detail the research process, the findings and conclusions.Education, Faculty of
Curriculum and Pedagogy (EDCP), Department of
Graduate
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Langton, Laura Borselli. "A Comparison of Traditional and Conceptual Instruction on Students' Algorithmic Performance and Understanding of Area." UNF Digital Commons, 1991. http://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/161.
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This study investigated the effects of conceptual instruction on conceptual understanding and algorithmic performance as well as the student's ability to relate the two. The sample consisted of 83 fifth grade students, divided into four classes. A total of 44 were in the experimental group and 39 served as the control group. Both groups were taught the concept of area. The experimental group received conceptual instruction and the control group received traditional instruction. Two regular classroom teachers implemented the experiment, each taught one experimental group and one control group. A pretest/posttest design was used to collect the data. Analysis of covariance was the statistical analysis used to test the three null hypotheses with a significance level at
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Roth, Matthias, Jörg Heber, and Klaus Janschek. "System design of programmable 4f phase modulation techniques for rapid intensity shaping: A conceptual comparison." SPIE, 2016. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A35096.
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The present study analyses three beam shaping approaches with respect to a light-efficient generation of i) patterns and ii) multiple spots by means of a generic optical 4f-setup. 4f approaches share the property that due to the one-to-one relationship between output intensity and input phase, the need for time-consuming, iterative calculation can be avoided. The resulting low computational complexity offers a particular advantage compared to the widely used holographic principles and makes them potential candidates for real-time applications. The increasing availability of high-speed phase modulators, e.g. on the basis of MEMS, calls for an evaluation of the performances of these concepts.
Our second interest is the applicability of 4f methods to high-power applications. We discuss the variants of 4f intensity shaping by phase modulation from a system-level point of view which requires the consideration of application relevant boundary conditions. The discussion includes i) the micro mirror based phase manipulation combined with amplitude masking in the Fourier plane, ii) the Generalized Phase Contrast, and iii) matched phase-only correlation filtering combined with GPC. The conceptual comparison relies on comparative figures of merit for energy efficiency, pattern homogeneity, pattern image quality, maximum output intensity and flexibility with respect to the displayable pattern. Numerical simulations illustrate our findings.
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Häuser, Florian. "Comparison of Management Accounting and Controlling Practice in the People’s Republic of China and Germany." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-359272.
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This master thesis compares management accounting (MA) in China and Germany. It starts by analyzing the conceptual development over time. Afterwards, it categorizes the spread of the methods and explains conceptual differences in more detail. Subsequently, macroeconomic factors that have influenced the development of MA are described, evaluated, and future implications for the further development of MA are derived. For this purpose a traditional literature review is used. The MA practice in Germany is further disseminated than in China. Moreover, German management accountants are characterized as business partners while Chinese management accountants are perceived as analysts and inspectors. Other conceptual differences in terms of MA are the data source, the overall orientation, country-specific techniques, and the organizational structure. Most of the differences between German and Chinese MA can be allocated to political, economic, foreign, educational, academic, and cultural influences. The future implications for the further development depend on each factor individually.
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Stevenson, Maria Marion Cecilia. "Reading and writing in a foreign language a comparison of conceptual and linguistic processes in Dutch and English /." Amsterdam : Amsterdam : SCO-Kohnstamm Instituut ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2005. http://dare.uva.nl/document/79420.
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Fallon, Paul. "Measuring tourist satisfaction with Orlando, Florida: A comparison of conceptual models and first-timer and repeater segments' behaviour." Thesis, University of Salford, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.492398.
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Tourist satisfaction represents the 'outcome' from the destination experience. It also represents a significant 'input' into the future decision-making of both tourists, in terms of repeat visitation and recommendation, and management, for example in terms of resource allocation. However, the measurement of tourist satisfaction at destination level needs further consideration, particularly in terms of the contribution of destination attributes.
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Guillermo-Monedero, Daniel. "A Comparison of Euler Finite Volume and Supersonic Vortex Lattice Methods used during the Conceptual Design Phase of Supersonic Delta Wings." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1576713976622162.
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Javidi, Giti. "A comparison of traditional physical laboratory and computer simulated laboratory experiences in relation to engineering undergraduate students conceptual understandings of a communication systems topic." Scholar Commons, 2005. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/2936.
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This study was designed to investigate an alternative to the use of traditional physical laboratory activities in a communication systems course. Specifically, this study examined whether as an alternative, computer simulation is as effective as physical laboratory activities in teaching college-level electronics engineering education students about the concepts of signal transmission, modulation and demodulation. Eighty undergraduate engineering students participated in the study, which was conducted at a southeastern four-year university. The students were randomly assigned to two groups. The groups were compared on understanding the concepts, remembering the concepts, completion time of the lab experiments and perception toward the laboratory experiments. The physical groups (n=40) treatment was to conduct laboratory experiments in a physical laboratory. The students in this group used equipment in a controlled electronics laboratory.
The Simulation groups (n=40) treatment was to conduct similar experiments in a PC laboratory. The students in this group used a simulation program in a controlled -PC lab. At the completion of the treatment, scores on a validated conceptual test were collected once after the treatment and again three weeks after the treatment. Attitude surveys and qualitative study were administered at the completion of the treatment. The findings revealed significant differences, in favor of the simulation group, between the two groups on both the conceptual post-test and the follow-up test. The findings also revealed significant correlation between simulation groups attitude toward the simulation program and their post-test scores. Moreover, there was a significant difference between the two groups on their attitude toward their laboratory experience in favor of the simulation group.
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Stevens, Allen O. "Social reinforcement and self-instruction : a comparison of treatment effects in modifying the conceptual tempo of seven and ten year-old mentally retarded children." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27254.
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The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of social reinforcement and self-instruction in modifying the conceptual tempo of mentally retarded children, to assess the relative durability of the changes in conceptual tempo produced by the two interventions, and to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral and behavioral procedures for promoting generalization across tasks.
Cognitive-behaviorists have claimed that self-instruction can be used to the advantage of children with a broad range of handicapping conditions, including mental retardation. However, Luria has speculated that verbally-mediated procedures such as self-instruction lose their effectiveness when they are used to change the behavior of mentally retarded children with mental ages of less than five years. In contrast, no such developmental thresholds should affect performance when social reinforcement is used to change the behavior of mentally retarded children because the procedure relies on environmental manipulation rather than verbal mediation.
To investigate developmental factors which might yield differential treatment effects as a function of age, two groups of mentally retarded school children participated in the study: 22 seven year-olds and 22 ten year-olds. The subjects completed a series of experimentally-generated match-to-sample and maze tests and training items over an eight week period, followed by a one month period during which no training or testing occurred. A one week follow-up was then conducted. Four variables (three reflecting accuracy and one reflecting speed) were derived for each of the two tests. Data were analyzed through the process of visual inspection and by two statistical procedures. The first of these was the C method time-series analysis for the match-to-sample and maze variables. In a second level of analysis, each subject's scores for the time-series analyses were treated in an ANOVA.
The results of the ANOVA showed significant main effects for age for two (33.33%) variables reflecting accuracy, indicating that the raw scores for these variables changed more for ten year-olds than for seven year-olds.
Significant main effects for treatment were found for all variables reflecting accuracy, indicating that the raw scores for these variables changed more for social reinforcement than for self-instruction. This was interpreted as indicating that social reinforcement produced greater gains in accuracy than did self-instruction. Significant main effects for treatment were found for all variables reflecting speed, indicating that the raw scores for these variables changed more for self-instruction than for the social reinforcement. This was interpreted as indicating that subjects assigned to the social reinforcement treatment responded more rapidly than did subjects assigned to the self-instruction treatment.
Significant main effects for phase were found for all variables reflecting accuracy and speed, indicating that the change in trends for these variables was greater during the treatment phase than during the baseline phase. This was interpreted as indicating that the treatments accelerated trends from the baseline to the treatment phase.
Nonsignificant age x treatment interactions (in an identical configuration) were found for five (100%) of the variables reflecting accuracy. The consistent pattern of the interaction was seen as suggesting a differential treatment effect which varied as a function of age.
Visual inspection showed that social reinforcement produced more accurate performance than self-instruction for all variables reflecting accuracy, and more rapid responding for all variables reflecting speed. Changes in performance were more durable for subjects assigned to the social reinforcement treatment than for those assigned to the self-instruction treatment.
The study concludes with a summary of the results, a discussion of their significance in the light of the hypotheses and the work of previous investigators, and implications for further research.Education, Faculty of
Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS), Department of
Graduate
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Fowler, Linda D. "Comparison of Linear Functions in Middle Grades Textbooks from Singapore and the United States." FIU Digital Commons, 2015. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1799.
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Many U.S. students do not perform well on mathematics assessments with respect to algebra topics such as linear functions, a building-block for other functions. Poor achievement of U.S. middle school students in this topic is a problem.
U.S. eighth graders have had average mathematics scores on international comparison tests such as Third International Mathematics Science Study, later known as Trends in Mathematics and Science Study, (TIMSS)-1995, -99, -03, while Singapore students have had highest average scores. U.S. eighth grade average mathematics scores improved on TIMMS-2007 and held steady onTIMMS-2011. Results from national assessments, PISA 2009 and 2012 and National Assessment of Educational Progress of 2007, 2009, and 2013, showed a lack of proficiency in algebra. Results of curriculum studies involving nations in TIMSS suggest that elementary textbooks in high-scoring countries were different than elementary textbooks and middle grades texts were different with respect to general features in the U.S.
The purpose of this study was to compare treatments of linear functions in Singapore and U.S. middle grades mathematics textbooks. Results revealed features currently in textbooks. Findings should be valuable to constituencies who wish to improve U.S. mathematics achievement.
Portions of eight Singapore and nine U.S. middle school student texts pertaining to linear functions were compared with respect to 22 features in three categories: (a) background features, (b) general features of problems, and (c) specific characterizations of problem practices, problem-solving competency types, and transfer of representation. Features were coded using a codebook developed by the researcher. Tallies and percentages were reported. Welch's t-tests and chi-square tests were used, respectively, to determine whether texts differed significantly for the features and if codes were independent of country.
U.S. and Singapore textbooks differed in page appearance and number of pages, problems, and images. Texts were similar in problem appearance. Differences in problems related to assessment of conceptual learning. U.S. texts contained more problems requiring (a) use of definitions, (b) single computation, (c) interpreting, and (d) multiple responses. These differences may stem from cultural differences seen in attitudes toward education. Future studies should focus on density of page, spiral approach, and multiple response problems.
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Hanna, Moira Elizabeth. "Emotional intelligence comparisons of criterion-related validity across conceptual and methodological variants of measurement /." Connect to this title online, 2008. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1211388773/.
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Dimeglio, Isabelle. "De la confiance à la cohésion sociale : enjeux conceptuels, indicateurs et effets économiques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX24018/document.
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L’objet de la thèse réside dans l’analyse des relations entre confiance, cohésion sociale et performance. A partir d’une analyse critique de l’usage de la notion de confiance en économie, la thèse propose une réflexion conceptuelle débouchant sur une conception tridimensionnelle de la confiance, une confiance stratégique, une confiance personnelle et une confiance généralisée. A partir d’une analyse en composantes principales et des données de la cinquième vague du World Values Survey, nous proposons une traduction empirique de cette notion. Les indicateurs ainsi construits sont utilisés pour réaliser une analyse économétrique des déterminants de la confiance en termes des caractéristiques personnelles et des facteurs tels que l’appartenance religieuse et l’engagement civique et politique. Au regard de ces indicateurs la thèse propose une analyse de la confiance en France au regard des autres pays de l’OCDE et une typologie pays fonction des articulations entre les trois types de confiance et leurs différents niveaux. Ensuite nous proposons une conceptualisation de la notion de cohésion sociale en termes de participation civique et politique, confiance systémique et interindividuelle et respect de la diversité. A partir d’une classification ascendante hiérarchique nous proposons une typologie « cohésion sociale » sur les pays de l’OCDE. Pour finir nous testons économétriquement l’effet des divers indicateurs de confiance et de cohésion sociale sur la performance économique et socialeThe aim of the thesis is the analysis of the relationship between trust, social cohesion and performance. Through a critical analysis of the use of the notion of trust in economics, the thesis proposes a conceptual development leading to a three-dimensional conception of trust, a strategic trust, a personal trust and a generalized trust. Using a principal component analysis and processing data from the fifth wave of World Values Survey, we propose an empirical translation of this concept. The indicators we have constructed are used to perform an econometric analysis of the determinants of trust in terms of personal characteristics and factors such as religious and civic and political engagement. Based on these indicators the thesis provides an analysis of confidence in France in comparison with other OECD countries and a typology based on networks between the three types of trust and their different levels. Finally we propose a conceptualization of the notion of social cohesion in terms of civic and political participation, trust and inter-systemic and respect for diversity. From a hierarchical ascending classification we propose a typology of "social cohesion" of the OECD countries. Finally we test econometrically the effect of various indicators of trust and social cohesion on the economic and social performance
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Bubnaitytė, Neringa. "Prekių ženklų tapatumo ir panašumo nustatymas pagal Europos Teisingumo Teismo ir Lietuvos teismų praktiką." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20140625_182552-97509.
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SANTRAUKA Šiame darbe analizuojama Europos Teisingumo Teismo ir Lietuvos teismų praktika, siekiant identifikuoti prekių ženklų tapatumo ir panašumo nustatymui reikšmingus kriterijus, šių kriterijų taikymo sąlygas bei įtaką vertinant bendrą prekių ženklų įspūdį, taip pat atkreipiamas dėmesys į teorinius ir praktinius probleminius prekių ženklų tapatumo ir panašumo nustatymo klausimus ir siūlomi jų sprendimai. Pirmojoje dalyje labai koncentruotai nurodomas su prekių ženklų tapatumu ir panašumu susijęs teisinis reglamentavimas. Antrojoje dalyje atskleidžiama prekių ženklų tapatumo sąvoka bei prekių ženklų tapatumo vertinimas buvusio Pirmosios Instancijos Teismo, dabartinio Bendrojo Teismo ir ETT praktikoje, taip pat, siekiant tapatumo klausimą išnagrinėti visapusiškai, pasiremiant pavyzdžiais ir iš Vidaus rinkos harmonizavimo tarnybos praktikos. Trečioji darbo dalis skirta aptarti prekių ženklų panašumą bei išnagrinėti jam nustatyti reikšmingus kriterijus. Šioje dalyje Bendrijos ir Lietuvos teismų sprendimų analizė atlikta pagal bendriausius prekių ženklų panašumo nustatymo kriterijus: skiriamuosius ir dominuojančius elementus, vaizdinį, fonetinį bei konceptualų lyginimą. Darbo pabaigoje atskirai aptariama netradicinių prekių ženklų panašumo nustatymo specifika.SUMMARY Establishment of Identity and Similarity of Trade Marks in the Case Law of the European Court of Justice and Lithuanian Courts This master thesis is dedicated to analyze case law of the European Court of Justice and Lithuanian courts, with the aim to identify criteria significant for establishment of identity and similarity of trade marks, conditions for application of those criteria as well as influence upon evaluation of the general impression created by trade marks. In addition, attention is drawn to theoretical and practical problem issues in establishment of identity and similarity of trade marks and suggestions on their solution are made. In the first part, a list of condensed references is made to laws pertinent to the identity and similarity of trade marks. The second part reveals the concept of identity of trade marks and judgment of identity of trade marks in the case law of the former Court of First Instance, currently the General Court, and the European Court of Justice, supplemented by additional illustrations from the practice of the OHIM, in attempt of painting the full picture of the identity issue. The third part of the thesis focuses on the discussion of the similarity of trade marks and analysis of criteria for establishment of similarity of trade marks. Herein the analysis of case law of the European Court of Justice and Lithuanian courts has been carried out based on general criteria of similarity of trade marks: distinguishing and dominating... [to full text]
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Yian, Yi-Hua, and 顏義樺. "Concept Discovery and Document Similarity Comparison based on Associative Conceptual Network." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/47328907437353419801.
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碩士東海大學
資訊工程與科學系
91
This paper proposes the representation of associative concepts to establish ACN (Associative Conceptual Network) with Fuzzy Petri Nets. In ACN，every place is considered as the single concept and certainty factor connected with transition is considered as the degree of the concept associated with others in thinking. This paper also presents the Maximum Contribution Ranking and Sigma Contribution Ranking based on the Transitive Inference and Combinational Inference of Concepts with ACN to find out the main concepts in articles. Besides, this paper proposes Static Comparison based on that similar articles consists of the similar importance value of the same concepts and proposes Dynamic Comparison based on middle concepts to determine the degree articles meet users’ requirements and similarity between articles via characteristics of associative concepts.
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Nokele, Amanda Blossom Bulelwa. "Translating conceptual metaphor in Mandela's Long walk to freedom : a cross-cultural comparison." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/19656.
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Since the publication of the seminal work by Lakoff and Johnson (1980a), Metaphors we live by, countless research has been done on metaphor. This research was conducted because, in the past, metaphor was considered a deviant and poetic device that could be used only by those who were skilful. These scholars offered another view: metaphor is a matter of thought. They showed that linguistic metaphor is the manifestation of conceptual metaphors that are in our subconscious mind and are found in every day language. In other words, metaphors are a revelation of how we think. Linguists and translation scholars claim that it is a challenge to translate metaphor. The main objective of this study is to determine how conceptual metaphor theory can contribute towards the development of translation in African languages. The study seeks to identify conceptual metaphors in Nelson Mandela’s autobiography, Long Walk to Freedom, which was written in English, and then analyse how these were translated into isiXhosa and isiZulu. This implies that this study involves a corpus. In identifying metaphors from the source text a Metaphor Identification Procedure Vrije Universiteit (MIPVU), which was conceived by Steen and his colleagues at the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, was used (Steen et al 2010). ParaConc concordancer was used to investigate and compare how the metaphors were translated. The results showed that most metaphors were translated the same way in isiXhosa and isiZulu, which implies that the translators conceptualised the metaphors in the same way. These results revealed that the translators’ styles were similar. This confirms the fact that the two languages are related. As scholars in earlier research indicated, metaphors in translation pose a problem, yet the translators of Mandela’s book successfully met this challenge. They were able to render the metaphors in their respective languages in an acceptable manner. They tried to adhere to the style of the source text writer, but traces of their own style are evident in the texts.Linguistics and Modern Languages
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Merlain, Barbara, and 梅兒琳. "Understanding the Conceptual Meaning of Brand Personality: A Comparison between Male and Female Perception of the BPS." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/59694178837377977833.
Full textAbstract:
碩士元智大學
企業管理學系
95
Previous research has examined brand personality, but no study has focused on gender’s influence on brand personality. The purpose of our study was to explore the influence of consumer gender and brand gender on brand personality perception and to determine which items of the Big Five are more appealing to whether male, female or neutral . It was expected that consumer gender and brand gender will have a significant influence on the perception of brand personality. We have utilized Aaker’s (1997) five-dimension theoretical framework, composed of personality traits (i.e., Sincerity, Excitement, Competence, Sophistication, and Ruggedness) which was proved to be relevant to both human and brand personality and generalizable across product categories. Since our research is an exploratory study, we have performed several tests to explore and analyze the different ways that males and females perception of brand personality diverse. Descriptive statistics, factor analysis, independent t tests were performed with SPSS to analyze the data. Results revealed that male and female have different perception of brand personality and also, Competence and Sophistication are strong personality traits. They were significant for all the tests we have run. It’s an important finding for marketers, they can use these dimensions to strengthen their brands. The results of this study suggest also that when marketers are creating male brand and not targeting a particular market segment, they should focus on these personality traits, Excitement, Competence and Ruggedness. When creating a female brand, the personality traits that should be associated with this category are Excitement and Sophistication. And for neutral brand, the focus should be on Sincerity, Competence and Ruggedness. However, when creating a male brand and targeting female consumer, the implication would be to concentrate on these dimensions, Excitement, Competence and Sophistication. When it’s a female brand, the personality traits associated with this category should be Sincerity, Competence and Sophistication. In the case of neutral brand, for targeting female consumer, the brand should reflect these dimensions Sincerity, Competence and Sophistication. Creating male, female or neutral brand and targeting male customer, brand personality doesn’t matter that much. Results of the study indicated that females have stronger perception of brand personality than males. In all the findings, mean scores rating for the five dimensions were always higher for female. There’s no difference in creating brand with personality traits for male target. By understanding consumer gender differences for the dimensions of brand personality, marketers could decide which target they want to reach and which dimensions they have to focus on to strengthen their brands.
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Xi, Wang. "A metáfora conceptual nos provérbios portugueses e chineses: estudo comparativo." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/65346.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação de mestrado em Estudos Interculturais Português / Tradução, Formação e Comunicação EmpresarialProvérbio é uma oração completa, fechada e invariável, produzido e utilizado por determinada comunidade . A sua dimensão cultural e filosófica torna provérbio um alvo valorativo do estudo comparativo das culturas diferentes, neste caso, de Portugal e a China. A dimensão metafórica de provérbio torna o um alvo valorativo do estudo metafórico. A Teoria da Metáfora Conceptual trata metáfora como um mecanismo cognitivo , com o processo de apreender um domínio (Alvo) em termos de um outro domínio (Fonte). Segundo a instrução da filosofia - experiencialismo (não existe a verdade absoluta, e o mundo é baseado na apreensão cognitiva humana que é constrangida pelas experiências), metáfora é sempre dependente do contexto . Metáfora como um mecanismo cognitivo, tem influência no pensamento e comportamento humano, a mesma função do provérbio Esperando promover a comunicação e a apreensão intercultural entre Portugal e a China, esta dissertação comparará e analisará a escolha da mesma ou diferente Fonte e Alvo pelos povos português e chinês nos provérbios portugueses e chineses , bem como a razão, o contexto, e a influência dessas escolhas , para comparar essas duas culturas. Por causa da pouca exploração na paremiologia comparada portuguesa e chinesa, esta dissertação também tentará a enriquecer este tema com a perspetiva sistemática da Linguística Cognitiva.
Proverb is a complete, closed, invariable sentence produced and used by a particular community. Its cultural and philosophical dimension makes it a valuable target for comparative study of the different cultures, in this case, Por tugal and China. The metaphorical dimension of proverb makes it a valuable target of metaphorical study. The Conceptual Metaphor T heory treats metaphor as a cognitive mechanism, with the process of apprehending one domain ( Targe t ) in terms of another domai n ( Source ). According to the instruction of the philosophy experientialism (which believes that there is no absolute truth, and the world is based on human cognitive apprehension which is constrained by experiences), metap hor is always context dependent. Metaphor, as a cognitive mechanism, has influence on human thinking and beha vior, the function which proverb also has Hoping to promote intercultural communication and apprehension between Portugal an d China, this dissertation will compare and analyze the choice of Source as well as Target by the Portuguese and Chinese peoples in their proverbs , and the reason, context, and influence of these choices, to compare these tw o cultures. Because of the little exploration in Portuguese and Ch inese comparative paremiology, this dissertation will also try to enrich this theme with the systematic perspective of Cognitive Linguistics.
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Swanepoel, Sarita. "The assessment of the quality of science education textbooks : conceptual framework and instruments for analysis." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/4041.
Full textAbstract:
Science and technology are constantly transforming our day-to-day living. Science
education has become of vital importance to prepare learners for this everchanging
world. Unfortunately, science education in South Africa is hampered
by under-qualified and inexperienced teachers. Textbooks of good quality can assist
teachers and learners and facilitate the development of science teachers. For
this reason thorough assessment of textbooks is needed to inform the selection of
good textbooks.
An investigation revealed that the available textbook evaluation instruments are
not suitable for the evaluation of the physical science textbooks in the South
African context. An instrument is needed that focusses on science education textbooks
and which prescribes the criteria, weights, evaluation procedure and rating
scheme that can ensure justifiable, transparent, reliable and valid evaluation results.
This study utilised elements from the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to
develop such an instrument and verified the reliability and validity of the instrument’s
evaluation results.
Development of the Instrument for the Evaluation of Science Education Textbooks
started with the formulation of criteria. Characteristics that influence the
quality of textbooks were identified from literature, existing evaluation instruments
and stakeholders’ concerns. In accordance with the AHP, these characteristics
or criteria were divided into categories or branches to give a hierarchical
structure. Subject experts verified the content validity of the hierarchy.
Expert science teachers compared the importance of different criteria. The data
were used to derive weights for the different criteria with the Expert Choice computer
application. A rubric was formulated to act as rating-scheme and score
sheet. During the textbook evaluation process the ratings were transferred to a
spreadsheet that computed the scores for the quality of a textbook as a whole as
well as for the different categories.
The instrument was tested on small scale, adjusted and then applied on a larger
scale. The results of different analysts were compared to verify the reliability of
the instrument. Triangulation with the opinions of teachers who have used the
textbooks confirmed the validity of the evaluation results obtained with the instrument.
Future investigations on the evaluation instrument can include the use
of different rating scales and limiting of criteria.Thesis (M. Ed. (Didactics))
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Hung, Chi-Hsia, and 洪綺霞. "Comparisons of Conceptual Structures, Instructional Representations, Questioning Techniques, and Evaluation Skills of an Experienced and a Non-experienced Physical Science Teachers in Junior High Schools—An Example of “Heat and Temperature”." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/25274470342580218921.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣師範大學
科學教育研究所
93
Investigated were the comparisons of conceptual structures, instructional representations, questioning techniques, and evaluation skills of an experienced and a non-experienced physical science teachers in junior high schools on the topics of “ Heat and Temperature”. Two teachers who came from different schools were observed from Nov. to Dec. in 2003 and 2004 respectively. Interpretative research method was adopted. Data were collected through classroom observations, interviews, and documents collections. Data were analyzed through reviewing of video-tapes, transcripts, and triangulations. The findings were as follows: 1) the teaching sequence of concepts for the non-experienced teacher were followed by the sequences of the textbook, however, for the experienced teacher, the teaching sequence were organized through main concepts; 2) for non-experienced teacher, lecture was the only and more often used representation , his examples and homework all came from textbook and reference books, the meaning of his questions were not clear and always misleading students’ discussions which is to non-related to the topics; however, for experienced teacher, there were multiple teaching representations used , besides textbooks, teacher also designed examples and homework to help students learn, her questioning was very skillful and easily reached the goals of the teaching; 3) most questions were memory-type for both teachers, but, there were more convergent thinking questions for experienced teacher; 4) there was no evaluation of students learning for non-experienced teacher, however, the evaluation was used as strategies for monitoring students’ learning and emphasizing key concepts of teaching. To provide more opportunities for teachers to promote their abilities in questioning and evaluating and more research related to the writing of textbooks were suggested.