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1

Hoffman, Bobby. "Cognitive efficiency: A conceptual and methodological comparison." Learning and Instruction 22, no. 2 (April 2012): 133–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2011.09.001.

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Forsberg, Gunnel. "Rural and gender studies: A conceptual comparison." Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift - Norwegian Journal of Geography 55, no. 3 (January 2001): 152–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/002919501753129907.

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Hassan, Afaf Mirghani. "JAVA and DART programming languages: conceptual comparison." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 17, no. 2 (February 1, 2020): 845. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v17.i2.pp845-849.

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<p>This paper elaborates on the concepts of a new programming language “Dart”, which has been developed by Google and considered for future use. Here, we compare it to the most famous, real time, and updated language “Java”. This is to define similarities and differences between the two important languages, explain programs’ behavior, with a focus on investigating alternative implementation strategies and problem definitions. We used programming languages’ concepts and terminologies to compare between the main characteristics of the two languages, Dart &amp; Java.</p>
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Abdusharipovna, Babanazarova Sokhiba. "Methodology of Concept and Conceptual Analysis." International Journal of Early Childhood Special Education 12, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 94–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.9756/int-jecse/v12i2.201060.

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This article discusses cognitive linguistics, one of the areas of the anthropocentric paradigm. The views of world linguists on the concept and its types, methods of conceptual analysis are analyzed. The methods of conceptual analysis are explained by means of comparisons. It is well known that man's knowledge of the surrounding world is expressed through concepts. These concepts are a mental-intellectual structure embodied as a product of various mental activities of man. In the process of thinking, a person deals with concepts, not with meanings and notions. Therefore the concept is recognized as a unit of thought and set of knowledge that branched and unified at one point. The article contains stable comparisons in the Uzbek language for conceptual analysis and it is repeatedly acknowledged that the comparisons reflect national and cultural connotations, richness of Uzbek language, and as well as its importance as a mirror of traditions. The analysis focuses on the standard of comparison, which reflects the uniqueness of people's perception and understanding of the world. Therefore, the study of cognitive analysis in relation to comparisons is one of the essential problems of anthropocentric linguistics.
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Pernau, Margrit. "Whither Conceptual History?" Contributions to the History of Concepts 7, no. 1 (June 1, 2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/choc.2012.070101.

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The last decade has witnessed a remarkable internationalization in conceptual history. Research covers more countries and languages than ever before, and there have been a number of very good comparative studies. This article reflects on the possibility of taking conceptual history beyond comparison. Like nations, languages can no longer be considered as naturally given entities, but have to be viewed as profoundly shaped by historical exchanges. This brings conceptual history into a dialogue with translation studies in a common attempt to unravel how equivalents between languages have been created by the actors.
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Talas, Hasan, and Burcin Tutcu. "Conceptual comparison of Turkish and Russian accounting systems." Pressacademia 7, no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 355–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17261/pressacademia.2020.1309.

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Beer, M., F. A. DiazDelaO, E. Patelli, and S. K. Au. "Conceptual Comparison of Bayesian Approaches and Imprecise Probabilities." Computational Technology Reviews 9 (September 2, 2014): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4203/ctr.9.1.

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Wendt, Claus, Lorraine Frisina, and Heinz Rothgang. "Healthcare System Types: A Conceptual Framework for Comparison." Social Policy & Administration 43, no. 1 (February 2009): 70–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9515.2008.00647.x.

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Wasmann-Frahm, Astrid. "Conceptual Change Through Changing the Process of Comparison." Journal of Biological Education 43, no. 2 (March 2009): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00219266.2009.9656154.

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Srivastava, Anurag, and M. N. Murty. "A comparison between conceptual clustering and conventional clustering." Pattern Recognition 23, no. 9 (January 1990): 975–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-3203(90)90106-u.

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Balaji, S., and S. Lakshminarayanan. "Conceptual comparison of metabolic pathways with electronic circuits." Journal of Bionic Engineering 1, no. 4 (December 2004): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03399473.

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Keyhani, Najmeh, and Mi Song Kim. "Multiliteracies teachers as teacher entrepreneurs: a conceptual comparison." Entrepreneurship Education 4, no. 2 (May 30, 2021): 137–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41959-021-00049-5.

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Hatipkarasulu, Yilmaz. "A conceptual approach to graphically compare construction schedules." Construction Innovation 20, no. 1 (January 6, 2020): 43–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ci-01-2019-0001.

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Purpose This paper aims to present a graphical comparison method for construction schedules, which illustrates the differences for each individual activity. The method overlays the observed differences on a bar chart creating a representation of whether each activity is ahead, on or behind schedule at a given date. Design/methodology/approach The method is implemented using a Microsoft Project add-in (plug-in). The paper demonstrates the method and its potential uses with three illustration cases: a time impact analysis, an alternative analysis for the selection of subcontractors and a multi-baseline analysis of an as-built schedule. Findings The cases included in the paper show that the proposed method uses a simplified and familiar attribute comparison for each activity in a schedule. The method affords flexibility in presenting differences between schedules such as the start/finish dates or duration. As the method does not rely on a specific software application or analysis method, it can be implement to different software applications as well as performance or delay analysis techniques. The method also makes it possible to present multiple and selective baseline comparisons overlaid on an updated or as-built schedule. Originality/value The method graphically presents a comparison of start dates, durations and finish dates for each activity that can be integrated with any schedule. The method can be used for forensic analysis as well as project control measures during construction. As the method does not rely on any specific performance or delay calculation method, it can be applied to any forensic analysis technique and delay analysis.
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TOPAL, ALP EREN, and EINAR WIGEN. "Ottoman Conceptual History." Contributions to the History of Concepts 14, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 93–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/choc.2019.140105.

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In this article, we discuss the pitfalls and benefits of conceptual history as an approach to Ottoman studies. While Ottoman studies is blossoming and using a wider set of tools to study the Ottoman past, Ottoman intellectual history is still resigned to a life-and-works approach. Th is absence of synthesizing attempts has left intellectual history in the margins. In addition to the lack of new, theoretically sophisticated accounts of how Ottoman intellectual and political changes were intertwined, the old Orientalist works still hold canonical status in the field. Drawing on recent developments in social and political history, conceptual history may be a good way of doing self-reflective longue durée intellectual history. Ottoman conceptual history may also off er nonspecialists more sophisticated bases for comparison with non-Ottoman cases.
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Bowcock, Robyn, and Kath Peters. "Discussion paper: Conceptual comparison of student and therapeutic engagement." Nurse Education in Practice 17 (March 2016): 188–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2015.10.010.

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CRAWFORD, STUART L., and STEVEN K. SOUDERS. "A COMPARISON OF TWO NEW TECHNIQUES FOR CONCEPTUAL CLUSTERING." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 04, no. 03 (September 1990): 409–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001490000253.

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Clustering, pattern recognition, and classification are important components of many artificial intelligence systems, especially those designed to classify new observations. Often, one has access to a history of old observations that have been previously classified and, under these circumstances, the old data may be used as a training set from which one may obtain rules for the subsequent classification of new data. The techniques used to obtain these rules may be traditional statistical methods or modern computer-intensive techniques. Sometimes, however, the history of old observations has not been previously classified. Under these circumstances, the analyst simply wishes to uncover structure in the data and ascertain whether the structure is apparent or real. When the analyst is searching for clusters, statistical clustering methodologies are often used. Although effective at locating clusters, such approaches leave the interpretation of the clusters as a task for the human analyst. A relatively new class of “conceptual” clustering techniques have emerged from the discipline of machine learning. These techniques attempt to both locate and explain clusters among the data. In this way, the explanations of cluster membership may be used to construct rules for the subsequent classification of new data. The generation of interpretable rules, whether by the use of classification algorithms or conceptual clustering algorithms is of considerable importance in reducing the knowledge acquisition “bottleneck” that often impedes progress towards the building of rule-based systems. In this paper, two new techniques for conceptual clustering are introduced and compared.
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Dale, Michael B. "On the Comparison of Conceptual Clustering and Numerical Taxonomy." IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence PAMI-7, no. 2 (March 1985): 241–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpami.1985.4767647.

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Adekanmbi, Oluwole, and Paul Green. "Conceptual Comparison of Population Based Metaheuristics for Engineering Problems." Scientific World Journal 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/936106.

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Metaheuristic algorithms are well-known optimization tools which have been employed for solving a wide range of optimization problems. Several extensions of differential evolution have been adopted in solving constrained and nonconstrained multiobjective optimization problems, but in this study, the third version of generalized differential evolution (GDE) is used for solving practical engineering problems. GDE3 metaheuristic modifies the selection process of the basic differential evolution and extends DE/rand/1/bin strategy in solving practical applications. The performance of the metaheuristic is investigated through engineering design optimization problems and the results are reported. The comparison of the numerical results with those of other metaheuristic techniques demonstrates the promising performance of the algorithm as a robust optimization tool for practical purposes.
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Deledalle, Gérard. "Semiotics and pragmatics. An evaluative comparison of conceptual frameworks." Journal of Pragmatics 9, no. 2-3 (June 1985): 394–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-2166(85)90035-9.

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Bagheri, Hamidreza, Nima Karimi, Sasan Dan, Behrouz Notej, and Sattar Ghader. "Ionic liquid excess molar volume prediction: A conceptual comparison." Journal of Molecular Liquids 336 (August 2021): 116581. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116581.

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Prus, Robert. "Ethnographic Comparisons, Complexities and Conceptualities: Generic Social Processes and the Pragmatic Accomplishment of Group Life." Comparative Sociology 9, no. 4 (2010): 496–527. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156913210x12555713197178.

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AbstractDeriving inspiration from the Jörg Niewöhner and Thomas Scheffer collection on dilemmas of ethnographic comparison, this paper addresses some of the processes and problematics of ethnographic comparative analysis. In contrast to the broader, methodologically inclusive and conceptually more diffuse approach in the collection, I present a more focused theoretical, methodological, and conceptual approach. Locating ethnographic comparative analysis within the quest for conceptuality and authenticity across the human sciences, this paper introduces a set of trans-situational concepts or generic social processes which focuses comparisons on activity (and interchange).
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CHEN, Jinxiao, and Wei CHEN. "Three Diversions of Projective Identification: Connotative Evolution and Conceptual Comparison." Advances in Psychological Science 23, no. 4 (2015): 614. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1042.2015.00614.

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Nwaiwu, Fortune. "Review and Comparison of Conceptual Frameworks on Digital Business Transformation." Journal of Competitiveness 10, no. 3 (September 30, 2018): 86–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.7441/joc.2018.03.06.

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Paniagua, Cecilio. "On: Repression and splitting: Towards a method of conceptual comparison." International Journal of Psychoanalysis 90, no. 2 (April 2009): 381–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-8315.2009.00125.x.

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Kumari, Rajani, Dinesh Kumar, and Vijay Kumar. "A conceptual comparison of NSGA-II, OMOPSO and AbYss algorithms." International Journal of Internet Technology and Secured Transactions 7, no. 4 (2017): 330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijitst.2017.091520.

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Kumari, Rajani, Vijay Kumar, and Dinesh Kumar. "A conceptual comparison of NSGA-II, OMOPSO and AbYss algorithms." International Journal of Internet Technology and Secured Transactions 7, no. 4 (2017): 330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijitst.2017.10012598.

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Matsuno, Ken, John T. Mentzer, and Joseph O. Rentz. "A conceptual and empirical comparison of three market orientation scales." Journal of Business Research 58, no. 1 (January 2005): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0148-2963(03)00075-4.

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Tharwat, Alaa, and Wolfram Schenck. "A conceptual and practical comparison of PSO-style optimization algorithms." Expert Systems with Applications 167 (April 2021): 114430. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2020.114430.

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29

Makhmaraimova, Shokhista Tukhtashevna. "METAPHOR - THE CONCEPTUAL BASIS OF TERMINOLOGY AND TERMS." Scientific Reports of Bukhara State University 4, no. 5 (October 27, 2020): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.52297/2181-1466/2020/4/5/6.

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Introduction. Terms, metaphors, and terms in the Uzbek language have a special cognitive dimension. Metaphors are a unique tool of scientific knowledge and are one of the main and productive factors in the formation of terminological systems of various disciplines. The purpose of the article is to identify the source of the formation of terms-metaphors between terms in the Uzbek language and determine their meaning in the worldview. The study of the mechanisms of cognitive activity, heuristic and nominative possibilities, as well as linguistic and communicative features of metaphors in the semantic processes of formation and development of the rich terminology of the Uzbek language largely contributes to the rapid development of Uzbek anthropocentric linguistics. Methods. Conceptual and semantic analysis, based on the comparison method, the cross-linguistic universal nature of metaphorical nominations related to this terminology is investigated, and the corresponding conclusions are made.
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Capraro, Robert M., Mary Margaret Capraro, Z. Ebrar Yetkiner, Serkan Özel, Hae Gyu Kim, and Ali Riza Küçük. "An International Comparison of Grade 6 Students' Understanding of the Equal Sign." Psychological Reports 106, no. 1 (February 2010): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.106.1.49-53.

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This study extends the scope of international comparisons examining students' conceptions of the equal sign. Specifically, Korean ( n = 193) and Turkish ( n = 334) Grade 6 students were examined to assess whether their conceptions and responses were similar to prior findings published for Chinese and U.S. students and to hypothesize relationships about problem types and conceptual understanding of the equal sign. About 59.6% of the Korean participants correctly answered all items providing conceptually accurate solutions, as compared to 28.4% of the Turkish sample. Comparison with previous studies in China and the USA indicated that the Chinese sample outperformed those from other nations, followed by Korea, Turkey, and the USA. In large-scale international studies such as Trends in International Mathematics and Science (TIMSS) and the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), students from China and Korea have been among the high achievers.
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Chaves, Eduardo De Paula e. Silva. "Identity, Positioning, Brand Image and Brand Equity Comparison." Independent Journal of Management & Production 8, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 1246. http://dx.doi.org/10.14807/ijmp.v8i4.637.

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The management of marketing has as presupposition the understanding of the relations between market and consumption, as well as, the concepts related to the maximization of the results of the company. In this way, an article was elaborated in search of the understanding of the existing relations between brand identity, positioning, brand image and brand equity. In this context, qualitative-quantitative research was sought to describe the existing relationships between concepts, as well as the conceptual and managerial gaps arising from their management. As a result of this work we have the analysis of the conceptual and operational gaps of these concepts.
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Fensel, Dieter, and Frank van Harmelen. "A comparison of languages which operationalize and formalize KADS models of expertise." Knowledge Engineering Review 9, no. 2 (June 1994): 105–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269888900006767.

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AbstractIn the field of knowledge engineering, dissatisfaction with therapid-prototypingapproach has led to a number of more principled methodologies for the contruction of knowledge-based systems. Instead of immediately implementing the gathered and interpreted knowledge in a given implementation formalism according to the rapid-prototyping approach, many such methodologies centre around the notion of a conceptual model: an abstract, implementation independent description of the relevant problem solving expertise. A conceptual model should describe the task which is solved by the system and the knowledge which is required by it. Although such conceptual models more precisely, and operationally as a means for model evaluation. In this paper, we study a number of such formal and operational languages for specifying conceptual models. To enable a meaningful comparison of such languages, we focus on languages which are all aimed at the same underlying conceptual model, namely that from the KADS method for building KBS. We describe eight formal languages for KADS models of expertise, and compare these languages with respect to their modelling primitives, their semantics, their implementations and their applications, Future research issues in the area of formal and operational specification languages for KBS are identified as the result of studying these languages. The paper also contains an extensive bibliography of research in this area.
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Moore, Jana L., and Sallie E. Gordon. "Conceptual Graphs as Instructional Tools." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 32, no. 18 (October 1988): 1289–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128803201821.

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Conceptual graphs are a method of diagraming knowledge structures. They are valuable in a variety of applications including design of instructional materials, student evaluation and diagnosis, and theoretical research. One problem has been the identification of methods for eliciting or measuring the “internal” knowledge structures to develop conceptual graphs. Several methods of mapping conceptual graphs have been used in various research domains (e.g., free recall, sorting, ordering, etc.). Most of these traditional methods suffer from serious drawbacks. To overcome these problems, a question probe method has been adapted from work done in the area of prose comprehension. The question probe technique is a method for systematically developing a set of “test questions”. The method allows for the direct development of conceptual graphs and quantitative comparison of the graphs. The question probe technique has been successfully used to systematically develop instructional materials, evaluate/diagnose student understanding of course material, evaluate alternative instructional methods, and assess the relationship between instruction and problem solving performance.
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LOMBAERDE, PHILIPPE DE, FREDRIK SÖDERBAUM, LUK VAN LANGENHOVE, and FRANCIS BAERT. "The problem of comparison in comparative regionalism." Review of International Studies 36, no. 3 (July 2010): 731–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210510000707.

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AbstractThere is virtually no systematic debate on the fundamentals of comparative research in the study of international regionalism. The field of research is very fragmented and there is a lack of interaction between EU studies and regionalism in the rest of the world. There is also a lack of communication between scholars from various theoretical standpoints and research traditions. Related to these two divides is the tension between idiographic and nomothetic methodologies. The purpose of this article is to contribute to the largely neglected debate on how to conduct and address three interrelated problems: a conceptual, a theoretical and a methodological one. Our claim is that the future of comparative regionalism should be one where old divides are bridged. This requires a combination of conceptual rigor, theoretical eclecticism, and sounder empirical research methods.
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Sendur, Gulten. "Are creative comparisons developed by prospective chemistry teachers evidence of their conceptual understanding? The case of inter- and intramolecular forces." Chem. Educ. Res. Pract. 15, no. 4 (2014): 689–719. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4rp00126e.

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The aim of this study is to determine prospective chemistry teachers' creative comparisons about the basic concepts of inter- and intramolecular forces, and to uncover the relationship between these creative comparisons and prospective teachers' conceptual understanding. Based on a phenomenological research method, this study was conducted with 101 prospective chemistry teachers studying in the Chemistry Education Department at a state university in Turkey in the academic year 2011–2012. The research made use of two data collection instruments, a creative comparison questionnaire and semi-structured interviews. The concepts of “non-polar covalent bonds, dipole–dipole force, hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, covalent bonds, polar covalent bonds, and van der Waals force” were set out in the creative comparison questionnaire and the prospective teachers were asked to complete the sentences about these concepts (example: ionic bond is like .......... because ...........). Content analysis techniques were employed in the analysis of the creative comparisons set out in the questionnaire. The analysis of the data revealed that the prospective teachers generally developed their creative comparisons based on the formation and strength of the different bonds and that they also had alternative conceptions, particularly regarding the formation of covalent bonds, hydrogen bonds, and the van der Waals force. Semi-structured interviews were conducted in order to learn more about this and obtain detailed information about the level of understanding of the prospective teachers. Twelve prospective teachers were selected for the interviews on the basis of the creative comparisons they had developed in the creative comparison questionnaire. The analysis of the interviews showed that the level of conceptual understanding of the prospective teachers was not tightly linked to the complexity of their creative comparisons. However, it was seen that the creative comparisons submitted by the prospective teachers could be used to infer their conceptual understanding. Also, these creative comparisons could be helpful in determining what the prospective teachers' alternative conceptions were.
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Alizadeh, Alireza, Asghar moshabaki, Seyyed Hamid Khodadad Hoseini, and Asadolla Kord Naiej. "The Comparison of Product and Corporate Branding Strategy: a conceptual framework." IOSR Journal of Business and Management 16, no. 1 (2014): 14–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/487x-16141424.

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Schaninger, Charles M., and William D. Danko. "A Conceptual and Empirical Comparison of Alternative Household Life Cycle Models." Journal of Consumer Research 19, no. 4 (March 1993): 580. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/209324.

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Ma, Shangang, Xinjie Yu, and Zhen Li. "Conceptual Design and Comparison for 100-kJ Inductive Pulse Power Supplies." IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 45, no. 7 (July 2017): 1196–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tps.2017.2701345.

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Kristensen, Bent Bruun, and Kasper Østerbye. "A conceptual perspective on the comparison of object-oriented programming languages." ACM SIGPLAN Notices 31, no. 2 (February 1996): 42–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/226060.226068.

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Estes, Zachary. "A tale of two similarities: comparison and integration in conceptual combination." Cognitive Science 27, no. 6 (November 2003): 911–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog2706_4.

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Doose, G., and P. Feyereisen. "Task Specificity in Age-Related Slowing: Word Production Versus Conceptual Comparison." Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 56, no. 2 (March 1, 2001): P85—P87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/56.2.p85.

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Horst, Guusje, Johan Hoogstraten, and Willem Haan. "Stimulating dental attendance in the Netherlands: comparison of three conceptual frameworks." Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology 13, no. 3 (June 1985): 136–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.1985.tb00428.x.

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Helgeson, James G., and Magne Supphellen. "A Conceptual and Measurement Comparison of Self-Congruity and Brand Personality." International Journal of Market Research 46, no. 2 (March 2004): 205–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/147078530404600201.

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Ezugwu, Absalom E., Olawale J. Adeleke, Andronicus A. Akinyelu, and Serestina Viriri. "A conceptual comparison of several metaheuristic algorithms on continuous optimisation problems." Neural Computing and Applications 32, no. 10 (March 13, 2019): 6207–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00521-019-04132-w.

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Das, Tapash, András Bárdossy, Erwin Zehe, and Yi He. "Comparison of conceptual model performance using different representations of spatial variability." Journal of Hydrology 356, no. 1-2 (July 2008): 106–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.04.008.

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Ali, Adnan, Tobias Ohrdes, Hannes Wagner, and Pietro P. Altermatt. "Conceptual Comparison between Standard Si Solar Cells and back Contacted Cells." Energy Procedia 55 (2014): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2014.08.003.

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Braslavska, Oksana. "CONCEPTUAL BASIS OF MODERN TOURISM." GEOGRAPHY AND TOURISM, no. 54 (2019): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2308-135x.2019.54.3-9.

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The purpose of the article is to attempt to discover the conceptual basis of modern tourism, in particular, to justify scientific approaches. The basis of the method of work was the use of conventional methods: theoretical analysis of scientific sources on the specified topic, synthesis, description and comparison. The results are the separation of the following scientific approaches: axiological, cultural, multicultural, holistic, structural, functional, informational, synergistic, predictive, unity of quality and quantity, co-evolutionary (development), causality. The scientific novelty of the study was the interpretation of general methodological approaches in the field of tourism studies, a clear definition of their characteristics, which will help to improve its methodological basis. The practical significance of the article is to justify the expediency of using scientific approaches, which will make it possible to combine the efforts of tourism professionals under the current conditions of fundamental incompleteness and uncertainty of information on the methodology of tourism; in developing approaches that are, to some extent, capable of ensuring the effective interaction and synthesis of different science methods on a single conceptual basis.
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Yousuf, Allam. "Transaction Costs: A Conceptual Framework." International Journal of Engineering and Management Sciences 2, no. 3 (September 10, 2017): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21791/ijems.2017.3.13.

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Transaction Costs (TC) is a very important topic, especially in a changing work environment which has a large number of operational firms, and increasing business growth. The aim of this paper is to shed light on the transaction costs concept, and provide a conceptual framework to understand the meaning of transaction costs. Publications including articles and research papers have explained the notion of transaction costs and the theoretical issues related to them. The literature review reveals that, transaction costs are costs which arise because of the of a company‘s activities in the market , including (fees, commission, taxes) which are paid by the firm to provide a service or produce a good either to external parties or as internal costs. Therefore, according to the literature review. It emerges that firms must make a comparison between internal and external transaction costs and choose the lowest cost which enables them to increase profits. This means companies have to reduce transaction costs to the minimum level to achieve more profits and competitive advantage.
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49

Stašys, Rimantas, and Gintautas Virketis. "Conceptual models of emergency management." Management Theory and Studies for Rural Business and Infrastructure Development 36, no. 3 (October 14, 2014): 644–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/mts.2014.061.

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The essence of emergency medical assistance management comprise: accident and disease prevention, preparation to act in case of accident or disease, quick response and treatment. The point of entire emergency assistance management is to reduce the number of deaths and disabil ty. The purpose of research is to review the components of emergency medical assistance, generalise and teoretically compare the emergency medical assistance management models, which are used worldwide. For evaluation of emergency medical assistance structure, there are used systematic given practice regulating documentation analysis, general and logical analysis of scientific publications. Seeking to ascertain an amount of emergency consultative assistance and to predict a tendency of development there are used statistical processing of data, comparison and summation. It were observed, that during 2009–2013 years, the amount of emergency consultative assistance increased but volume of specialized emergency consultative assistance decreased. Anglo-american and Franco- german model suitability in Lithuanian health care system depends on complexity or particularity of accidents, availablility of human resources and also respective infrastructure.
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Bagga, Simmi, and Dr G. N. Singh. "CONCEPTUAL THREE PHASE ITERATIVE MODEL OF KDD." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS & TECHNOLOGY 2, no. 1 (February 2, 2012): 6–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijct.v2i1.2605.

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KDD process includes how data is stored and accessed, how andwhat algorithms can apply to large amount of data efficiently,how results can be interpreted and visualized. KDD is theprocess of identifying valid, interesting and understandablepatterns in data. In this paper we will describe conceptual threePhase Iterative Model of KDD. The main layers of this purposedmodel are: Philosophy Layer, Technique Layer and ApplicationLayer. We will also perform the comparison of Tradition KDDModel with Three Phase Iterative Model.
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