Academic literature on the topic 'Conceptual metaphor/semantics'
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Journal articles on the topic "Conceptual metaphor/semantics"
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Sullivan, Karen. "Integrating constructional semantics and conceptual metaphor." Constructions and Frames 8, no. 2 (December 31, 2016): 141–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cf.8.2.02sul.
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Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) aims to represent the conceptual structure of metaphors rather than the structure of metaphoric language. The theory does not explain which aspects of metaphoric language evoke which conceptual structures, for example. However, other theories within cognitive linguistics may be better suited to this task. These theories, once integrated, should make building a unified model of both the conceptual and linguistic aspects of metaphor possible. First, constructional approaches to syntax provide an explanation of how particular constructional slots are associated with different functions in evoking metaphor. Cognitive Grammar is especially effective in this regard. Second, Frame Semantics helps explain how the words or phrases that fill the relevant constructional slots evoke the source and target domains of metaphor. Though these theories do not yet integrate seamlessly, their combination already offers explanatory benefits, such as allowing generalizations across metaphoric and non-metaphoric language, and identifying the words that play a role in evoking metaphors, for example.
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Sardaraz, Khan, and Roslan Ali. "A COGNITIVE-SEMANTIC APPROACH TO THE INTERPRETATION OF DEATH METAPHOR THEMES IN THE QURAN." Journal of Nusantara Studies (JONUS) 4, no. 2 (December 18, 2019): 219–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol4iss2pp219-246.
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In previous literature, conceptual metaphor has been used as a comprehensive cognitive tool to explore systematic categorization of concepts in the Quran. Death metaphor themes have either been studied from rhetorical or conceptual perspectives, but metaphor interpretation needs both linguistic and conceptual knowledge. This paper will explore the function of both linguistic and conceptual knowledge in metaphor interpretation in the Quran. This paper has used the technique of key words and phrases for data collection and metaphor identification procedure (MIP) for metaphors identification. Thirteen conceptual metaphors were found in the data. The key conceptual metaphors were analyzed through the lexical concept cognitive model theory (hereafter LCCM) to find out the functions of linguistic and conceptual knowledge in metaphor interpretation. The findings reveal that conceptual metaphor gives only relational structure to the linguistic metaphoric expressions, whereas interpretation needs integration of both linguistic and conceptual knowledge. Conceptual simulation of metaphoric expressions is a multilinear process of multiple conceptual schemas and language. The findings also reveal that LCCM needs the tool of intertextuality for clash resolution of contexts in text interpretation. This paper holds that meaning construction depends upon multilinear processing of conceptual schemas and language. Furthermore, it asserts that the gap in LCCM may be resolved through the tool of intertextuality in metaphor comprehension. This study suggests further studies on relationship between conceptual schemas and lexical behaviour and an elaborate model for text interpretation, combining LCCM and intertextuality.
Keywords: Cognitive model, cognitive semantics, conceptual metaphor, fusion, lexical concept
Cite as: Sardaraz, K., & Ali, R. (2019). A cognitive-semantic approach to the interpretation of death metaphor themes in the Quran. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 2(4), 219-246. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol4iss2pp219-246
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Johnson, Cynthia A., Peter Alexander Kerkhof, Leonid Kulikov, Esther Le Mair, and Jóhanna Barðdal. "Argument structure, conceptual metaphor and semantic change." Diachronica 36, no. 4 (December 18, 2019): 463–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.00014.bar.
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Abstract In contrast to grammaticalization studies of lexical verbs changing into auxiliaries, the realm of semantic changes associated with lexical verbs is an understudied area of historical semantics. We concentrate on the emergence of verbs of success from more semantically concrete verbs, uncovering six conceptual metaphors which all co-occur with non-canonical encoding of subjects in Indo-European. Careful scrutiny of the relevant data reveals a semantic development most certainly inherited from Indo-European; hence, we reconstruct a dat-‘succeeds’ construction at different levels of schematicity for Proto-Indo-European, including a novel reconstruction of a conceptual metaphor, success is motion forward, and the mapping between this metaphor and the verb-class-specific argument structure construction. Hence, this article offers a systematic analysis of regularity in semantic change, highlighting the importance of predicate and argument structure for lexical semantic developments.
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Păstae, Oana-Maria. "The conceptual metaphor of joy." JOURNAL OF LINGUISTIC AND INTERCULTURAL EDUCATION 12, no. 1 (April 30, 2019): 139–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.29302/jolie.2019.12.1.10.
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The purpose of this paper is to study how ‘joy’, an emotional concept, is metaphorised in English from a cognitive perspective. It introduces the theoretical framework of Cognitive Linguistics, then briefly touches upon the definition of metaphor, the different types of conceptual metaphors and, finally, the conceptual metaphors of ‘joy’. We think in metaphors, which we learn very early. Our conceptual system, in terms of what we both think and act, is fundamentally metaphorical in nature (Lakoff, & Johnson 2003: 8). Lakoff and Johnson’s book Metaphors we live by changed the way linguists thought about metaphor. Conceptual Metaphor Theory was one of the earliest theoretical frameworks identified as part of the cognitive semantics enterprise and provided much of the early theoretical impetus for the cognitive approach. The basic premise of Conceptual Metaphor Theory is that metaphor is not simply a stylistic feature of language, but that thought itself is fundamentally metaphorical in nature. The cognitive model of joy can be described using the example of Lakoff for anger: JOY IS A FLUID IN A CONTAINER: She was bursting with joy; JOY IS HEAT/FIRE: Fires of joy were kindled by the birth of her son; joy is a natural force: I was overwhelmed by joy; JOY IS A SOCIAL SUPERIOR: If I ruled the world by joy; JOY IS AN OPPONENT: She was seized by joy; joy is a captive animal: All joy broke loose as the kids opened their presents; JOY IS INSANITY: The crowd went crazy with joy; JOY IS A FORCE DISLOCATING THE SELF: He was beside himself with joy.
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Ratri, Deasy Ade. "A Semantic Analysis of Metaphors Found In “Dream Theatre’s” Selected Lyrics." LUNAR 1, no. 02 (November 6, 2017): 10–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.36526/ln.v1i02.454.
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Metaphor is an implicit comparison in which two unlike objects are compared by identification or substitution of one for the other to suggest common quality shared by the two. It is an implied analogy in which a word or phrase is applied to a person, object, idea or concept to which it is literally or semantically inapplicable. Many students in English Department are still confused in interpreting metaphors’ meaning whereas they have learned semantics. The research aims to find the types of metaphors which are used in Dream Theatre’s selected lyrics then interpret its contextual meaning. There are five song lyrics are chosen. They are, As I am, Endless Sacrifice, Pull Me Under, The Spirit Carries On, and Through Her Eyes. This research uses theory of Chrystal that classifies the metaphors into three types. They are Conceptual Metaphor, Mixed Metaphor, and Poetic Metaphor.
To achieve the research purposes, this research uses content analysis by deductive category application. The steps in deductive category application are collecting the theory related to metaphors, identifying the concepts of metaphors, coding Dream Theatre’s selected lyrics, classify the metaphors according to Chrystal theory, and interpreting the contextual meaning of metaphors. The result shows that forty three cases of metaphors which are found in Dream Theatre’s selected lyrics. There are three thirty two metaphors that included to Conceptual metaphor, Tens metaphor are Mixed metaphor, and one metaphors are Poetic metaphor. According to the result above, conceptual metaphor are higher and more often than mixed metaphor and poetic metaphor, mixed metaphor ranks second and Poetic metaphor appears as the least type
Based on the result, it is suggested to the readers use the information to know widely and deeply about the types of metaphors classified by Chrystal, as the reference or study more about metaphors. For the students who are learning about metaphors or students who are in English Department are suggested to use songs in learning and improving their capability in language and interpreting the meaning. While for the lecturer, it is suggested to use songs as a resourches in teaching semantics especially in teaching metaphors
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Ntabo, Victor Ondara, Naom Moraa Nyarigoti, and Moses Gatambuki Gathigia. "Interpreting the Human Being Metaphors in Ekegusii Pop Songs Using the Cognitive Semantics Framework." Issues in Language Studies 7, no. 2 (July 3, 2019): 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/ils.1612.2018.
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The paper explores the human being metaphors in Ekegusii pop songs (EPS). Composers of EPS use human being metaphors to convey their message in different perspectives. It is possible for the meaning of the human being metaphors to elude the audience of EPS because language is both embodied and situated in a specific environment. Therefore, the meaning of the metaphors need to be objectively interpreted to reveal the message of the composers. The study purposively sampled Christopher Mosioma’s (Embarambamba) EPS amasomo (education) and the late Ontiri Bikundo’s obwanchani (love) based on the songs’ richness in metaphors. The Metaphor Identification Procedure Vrije Universiteit was used to identify 54 metaphors in the EPS by four coders (including the researchers). The concept of conceptual mapping, which is a fundamental tenet of the Conceptual Metaphor Theory, was employed to understand the source domains in terms of the target domains. The identified metaphors were classified into four conceptual domains of human being, animal, plant and object using the principle of the Great Chain of Being Metaphor. The paper then identified eight human being metaphors for the present study. The research found that human being metaphors are important ways of conceptualizing other human beings in society. In addition, metaphors are important tools of communication and should be explained using a cognitive semantics framework. The findings of the study will benefit the audience of the EPS, ethnographers and metaphor theorists to conceptualise EPS and culture.
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Parshak, Kateryna, and Yaroslava Kalynovska. "SEMANTIC-FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CONCEPTUAL METAPHOR IN THE LANGUAGE OF WORKS OF POSTMODERNISTS POETS." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Literary Studies. Linguistics. Folklore Studies, no. 29 (2021): 24–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2659.2021.29.6.
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The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the functioning and creation of metaphors in the poetry of Oksana Zabuzhko, Yuri Izdrik and Serhiy Zhadan. The main contradiction in the understanding of metaphor lies in the ambiguous essence of this phenomenon: on the one and, metaphor is a means of speech, a linguistic unit, and on the other – it belongs to the figurative figures of language. A number of linguistic works in both Ukrainian and foreign linguistics are devoted to the study of metaphors. In particular, the language metaphor became the subject of scientific interest of N. Harutyunova; metaphor, its nature and role in language, and speech were studied by A. Gavrilyuk, the means of expression of metaphor became the main topic of research G. Sklyarevskaya and others. One of the important problems of linguistic stylistics is the study of the linguistic personality of writers, whose works are one of the stylistic sources of development of Ukrainian poetic language, so the importance of metaphor in poetic texts remains a relevant object of modern linguistic studies. The purpose of the article is to determine the features of semantics and the functioning of conceptual-semantic and structural-grammatical types of metaphors in the collections "Second Attempt" by Oksana Zabuzhko, "Quote Book" by Serhiy Zhadan and "Lazy and Gentle" by Yuri Izdryk. In accordance with the purpose, the following research methods were used: descriptive, using the methods of comparison and observation, as well as external and internal interpretation of linguistic material to determine the associations underlying metaphorical transference, contextual, conceptual and semasiological to analyze metaphor in the context of a poetry of postmodern writers. The article also clarifies the concept of metaphor and establishes its feature as a semantic linguistic unit. The focus is on the classification of metaphors used in the works of postmodern poets. The stylistic role and functions of language metaphors in poetic texts are investigated. This article can be used for further research in the field of conceptual metaphors in novel or poems.
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Połowniak-Wawrzonek, Dorota. "Metaphor in Cognitive Approach." Respectus Philologicus 26, no. 31 (October 25, 2014): 166–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/respectus.2014.26.31.13.
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The article presents issues relevant to the cognitive theory of metaphor developed by G. Lakoff and M. Johnson. The researchers suggest that metaphors are common. They are rooted in the experience, important in the perception of the world, thinking, acting, as revealed in the language. The metaphor of language is a reflection of a conceptual metaphor. Lakoff and Johnson point out that the metaphor of language occurs in the texts of various types, from the colloquial language to the specialist language. A metaphor carries out two important functions: explaining and facilitating understanding. It enables a partial understanding of some kind of experience in terms of another type of beings and experiences. Some issues such as the concept of love, metaphysical issues, become possible to understand only through metaphor. Thus, the thesis, which treats about necessity of metaphor, is significant. In the process of metaphorical cognition, there is a projection, which takes the source domain to the target domain. A thesis about invariant is important here. Metaphorical mapping is partial. At the root metaphor is structural similarity between domains or their correlations in our experience. Conceptual metaphors can create complex structural relationships. In the case of metaphor the thesis of one-way metaphorical mappings is as important as the thesis about her creative potential. Prominent semantics of conceptual metaphor cannot give full meaning in the literal paraphrase. Among the conceptual metaphors structural metaphors, orientation and ontological metaphors are characterized.
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Gathigia, Moses Gatambuki, Daniel Ochieng Orwenjo, and Ruth Wangeci Ndungu. "Foodsemic metaphors of love in Gĩkũyũ: Insights from cognitive semantics." Cognitive Linguistic Studies 5, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 341–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cogls.00024.gat.
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Abstract Using the Conceptual Metaphor Theory, this study discusses the transfer of semantic aspects of foodsemic metaphors upon the abstraction of love. An interview schedule was administered to 48 respondents of different gender by the researchers assisted by two research assistants. The data collected were subjected to the Metaphor Identification Procedure Vrije Universiteit (MIPVU). 12 foodsemic metaphors which play an indispensable role in the understanding of love in Gĩkũyũ were identified. In addition, the study noted that gender is a dominant variable that provides people with lens through which they view love in Gĩkũyũ. This study concludes that metaphor is an integral component of the way people conceptualize and embody love in Gĩkũyũ. Further, foodsemic metaphors provide a way of understanding the nexus between gender and love in Gĩkũyũ.
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Skrynnikova, Inna V. "Analogical reasoning in uncovering the meaning of digital-technology terms: the case of backdoor." Journal of Computer-Assisted Linguistic Research 4, no. 1 (May 26, 2020): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/jclr.2020.12921.
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<p>The paper substantiates the critical role of analogical reasoning and figurative languge in resolving the ambiguity of cybersecurity terms in various expert communities. Dwelling on the divergent interpretations of a backdoor, it uncovers the potential of metaphor to serve both as an interpretative mechanism and as a framing tool in the ongoing digital technologies discourse. By combining methods of corpus research and frame semantics analysis the study examines the challenges of unpacking the meaning of the contested concept of the backdoor. The paper proposes a qualitatively new metaphor-facilitated mode of interpreting cybersecurity vulnerabilities based on MetaNet deep semantic metaphor analysis and outlines the merits of this hierarchically organized metaphor and frames ontology. The utility of the method is demonstrated through analyzing corpus data and top-down extracting of metaphors (linguistic metaphor – conceptual metaphor – entailed metaphor – inferences) with subsequent identifying of metaphor families dominating the cybersecurity discourse. The paper further claims that the predominant metaphors prompt certain decisions and solutions affecting information security policies. </p>
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Conceptual metaphor/semantics"
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Begley, Mary. "The Middle English lexical field of 'insanity' : semantic change and conceptual metaphor." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2019. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-middle-english-lexical-field-of-insanity-semantic-change-and-conceptual-metaphor(8df594e5-d3a1-4272-8e4a-ed250107b737).html.
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This thesis is an investigation of Middle English insanity language. It analyses change in the Middle English lexical field of INSANITY, the semantic structure of lexemes wod and mad, and compares INSANITY conceptual metaphors in Middle English and present-day English. The INSANITY lexical field is an ideal one to study language change, due to socio-cultural changes since the Middle Ages such as advances in medical knowledge, the development of the field of psychiatry and legal changes protecting people with a mental illness from discrimination. The general theoretical aims were to examine a) change in conceptual metaphor, and b) semantic and lexical change with a particular focus on the decline in use of adjective wod. The theoretical frameworks are cognitive linguistics, prototype theory, and conceptual metaphor theory, and the data is derived from Middle English corpora and other sources. The INSANITY database I created for this study consisted of 1307 instances of mad, wod and near-synonyms in context. The main results can be divided into three groups. Firstly, the lexical field study demonstrates that various intra-linguistic and socio-cultural phenomena effect lexical change. Using case studies amongst others of the decline of wod in the Wycliffite Bible and of Caxton's translations from French, and a systematic variation across genre, I argue that the important factors are i) the arrival of new medical loanwords such as frensy, lunatic and malencolie; ii) the early re-emergence of the vernacular in medical texts starting in the twelfth century, and the development of a new medical register; iii) the so-called medieval 'inward turn'; iv) changes in the neighbouring lexical field of ANGER. Secondly, the semasiological study of wod and mad shows that the meanings of these two lexemes are structured and change in line with the central tenets of prototype theory, i.e. as described for diachronic prototype semantics by Geeraerts (1997). The path of mad's semantic development does not parallel that of wod after the thirteenth century. Mad's senses do not have the emphasis on wildness and fury that the senses of wod do. A particularly interesting finding is the semantic change from a sub-sense of adverb mad and adjective mad, 'unrestrained', leading in present-day English to a new delexicalised and grammaticalised sense of mad, where its use as an intensifier enhances scalar quantity and quality. Thirdly, the conceptual metaphor study demonstrates that predominantly the same conceptual metaphors are seen in both Middle English and present-day English, with some exceptions such as the concept of insanity being related to moral decline, as evidenced in the dearth of FALLING metaphors for insanity in present-day English. Conceptual metaphors such as INSANITY IS ANOTHER PLACE are evidenced in present-day English expressions such as out of her senses, or not in my right mind. In 1422, Thomas Hoccleve could write of a dysseveraunce between himself and his wit, or about his wyld infirmitie, which threw him owt of my selfe, illustrating the same underlying concepts. Other INSANITY conceptual metaphors which remain unchanged are GOING ASTRAY, LACK OF ORDER, LACK OF WHOLENESS, DARKNESS, FORCE, PRISON and BURDEN. Because of its unique approach in combining onomasiological and semasiological approaches with a conceptual metaphor study, this study reveals not only specific patterns of change, but differences in the rate of change on the lexical and conceptual levels. Lexical change driven by the need to be expressive, and reflecting socio-cultural changes such as changes in medical knowledge, can be seen to happen rapidly over the Middle English period. However, underlying conceptual change is barely discernible even over a much longer period of time from Middle English to present-day English. This research is significant because it provides a basis for future analysis of insanity language in other periods and contexts. It also contributes to the study of semantic change in general, highlighting the insights that can be gained by combining different types of data-driven analyses.
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Yasynetska, Olena A. "Conceptual, Linguistic and Translational Aspects of Headline Metaphors used to Refer to the American and Ukrainian Presidential Campaigns of 2004." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1129586319.
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Adams, Aurora Mathews. "LINGUISTIC AND CONCEPTUAL METAPHORS OF ‘HEART’ IN LEARNER CORPORA." UKnowledge, 2017. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/ltt_etds/20.
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This corpus-based study examined English and Spanish learner language for ‘heart’ metaphors. Gutiérrez Pérez (2008) compared ‘heart’ metaphors across five languages and that study served as a reference framework for the work presented here. This work intended to find evidence of metaphor transfer and/or new metaphor learning in second language writing. Conceptual metaphors (Lakoff and Johnson, 1980) and linguistic or lexical metaphors (Falck, 2012) from both languages were considered in the analysis. This work analyzed ‘heart’ metaphors taken from two learner corpora, the Cambridge Learner Corpus and the Corpus de Aprendices de Español. Results were compared to the findings of Gutiérrez Pérez (2008) to see whether these metaphors typically occur only in English, only in Spanish, or are found in both languages. The results showed evidence of language learners using several kinds of metaphors that do not typically occur in their first language. The aim of this study was to add a new facet to this body of research by examining these phenomena in learner corpora rather than monolingual corpora. Furthermore, this study also examined both second language English and second language Spanish corpora, addressing potential bi-directionality of transfer or conversely, the use of new linguistic forms.
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Olofsson, Malin. "En kognitiv semantisk analys av partikelverbet gå upp: : Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) kontra Principled Polysemy Approach to Meaning Analysis (PPAMA)." Thesis, Örebro University, Department of Humanities, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-1881.
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This essay examines the differences and similarities, weaknesses and strengths of the two Cognitive Semantic theories Conceptual Metaphor Theory and Principled Polysemy Approach to Meaning Analysis. To illustrate the two theories, the Swedish verb-particle construction "gå upp" is examined and analyzed accordingly. The results showed differences in the number of polysemous meaning found. The methodological evaluation showed that the differences in the underlying ideas concerning meaning-construction behind these two theories make them incompatible.
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Dilks, Charlotte. "Les métaphores de guerre dans la prose journalistique du français." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för franska, italienska och klassiska språk, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-31028.
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This study explores the use of war metaphors, more specifically metaphors centred on the verb, in modern French newspaper prose from three principal angles. The first part of the analysis shows that the verbs of war used are metaphorical rather than concrete. However, the vast majority of the metaphors stem from only five verbs, namely attaquer, affronter, combattre, défendre and lutter. The second part of the analysis focuses on these five verbs and their metaphorical uses. It is shown that it is the semantic role of patient that separates a metaphorical use from a concrete use. A classification of the patients according to semantic fields reveals that each of the five verbs shows a distinct preference for a certain type of patient and the verbs also differ in whether their patients have negative or positive connotations. This creates an image of five verbs, each of which is conventionalised in a certain linguistic context. The final chapter of the analysis investigates war metaphors from a textual perspective, analysing their usage according to three parameters: position, function and target domains. The position that is the most susceptible to war metaphors is the initial position. The textual functions of metaphors are divided into one semantic and three pragmatic functions. The semantic function structures the theme of an article in terms of war, construing an antagonism by means of elaborating or extending a conventional metaphor. The pragmatic functions considered are argumentative, descriptive and expressive. In the articles studied, war metaphors have mostly a descriptive or argumentative function. Finally, the target domains and their interconnections with the source domain WAR are considered, showing that the war metaphors are linked to power or the lack thereof. The metaphor often describes the person in power, but the case can be reversed with the metaphor describing the powerless resisting or fighting the person in power.
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Khan, Mohammad Miraz Hossain. "See how far we’ve come : A corpus study of the source metaphor JOURNEY." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för språk, litteratur och interkultur, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-34984.
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The present study is based on conceptual metaphor theory (CMT), which Lakoff and Johnson introduced in 1980. Data were taken from the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA), and three phrases (a long road, bumpy road and fork in the road) were investigated, in order to see how far the conceptual metaphor theory can be corroborated using authentic data. Journey was taken as the source domain of the three phrases. After analysis it was found that altogether 79% were metaphorical tokens, 18% were literal uses and 3% ‘other’ uses of the three phrases. In the metaphorical tokens of the three phrases six conceptual metaphors were identified and the most common conceptual metaphor was LONG-TERM PURPOSEFUL (LABOURIOUS) ACTIVITIES ARE JOURNEYS which made up 63% of all metaphorical tokens. The conceptual metaphor RECOVERING FROM PHYSICAL ILLNESS (OR GRIEF) OR PHYSICAL (OR MENTAL) SUFFERING IS A JOURNEY was only found in metaphorical tokens of the phrase a long road. The study shows that CMT can be used to explain the majority of the tokens in the corpus. However, one conceptual metaphor often mentioned in previous accounts, LOVE IS A JOURNEY, turned out to be quite rare.Studien baseras på Lakoff och Johnsons teori om konceptuella metaforer som introducerades 1980. Materialet är hämtat från Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA), där tre fraser undersöktes (a long road, bumpy road, fork in the road), för att se i vilken mån teorin om konceptualla metaforer kan beläggas i autentiskt material. Journey (dvs. resa)var källdomänen för de tre fraserna. Analysen visade att totalt 79 % av de undersökta fraserna var metaforiska, i 18 % användes fraserna i bokstavlig mening, och 3 % klassificerades som ”annat”. Sex konceptuella metaforer identifierades; den vanligaste visade sig vara LÅNGSIKTIGA MÅLINRIKTADE (ARBETSKRÄVANDE) AKTIVITETER ÄR RESOR vilket utgjorde 63 % av alla token. Den konceptuella metaforen ATT TILLFRISKNA FRÅN FYSISK SJUKDOM (ELLER SORG) ELLER FYSISKT (ELLER MENTALT) LIDANDE ÄR EN RESA påträffades bara i frasen a long road. Studien visar att teorin om konceptuella metaforer kan användas för att förklara majoriteten av träffarna i korpusen. Det visade sig emellertid att en konceptuell metafor som ofta nämns i tidigare beskrivningar, KÄRLEKEN ÄR EN RESA, var ovanlig i materialet.
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Brodell, Josefin. "LA MÚSICA ES AMOR y otras metáforas conceptuales por las que vivimos : La semántica y la estructura gramatical de metáforas traducidas." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för moderna språk, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-216182.
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In this thesis I have combined cognitive metaphor theory, based mostly on the theories of the book Metaphors we live by by Lakoff & Johnson, with translation theory in order to try and show how the former can contribute with useful analytical tools within me- taphor translation. More specifically, my objective is to try and show how the knowled- ge of how metaphor works according to the cognitive perspective can help translating metaphors in a way that corresponds to the recommendations established by Peter Newmark (1992), i.e. try to maintain, in as much as posible, both grammatical structure and semantics. Through a qualitative analysis I considered gramatical structure and se- mantics of three original literary metaphors taken from the swedish book ”Gösta Ber- lings saga” by Selma Lagerlöf, and their translations to spanish made by Slaby (1955). I identified how well the translations corresponded to the recommendations of Newmark, as well as suggested new translations based on the results of the cognitive analysis. As a result we could see the importance, not only of maintaining both source domain and tar- get domain of the original metaphor, or at least the epistemical correspondences in case the source domain changed, but also the ontological correspondences, the specific con- tact, that the original metaphor establishes between these two domains, for a translation that better follows the norms defined by Newmark. In other words, limited to these th- ree examples, I managed to confirm that a cognitive approach to metaphor can be very useful within translation.
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Colin, Nathalie. "English and Swedish Animal Idioms : A Study of Correspondence and Variation in Content and Expression." Thesis, Karlstad University, Division for Culture and Communication, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-13.
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Idioms are found in every language and learning them is an important aspect of the mastery of a language. The English language is no exception as it contains a large number of idioms, which are extensively used. However, because of their rather rigid structure and quite unpredictable meaning, idioms are often considered difficult to learn. Although little research has been done to date on the nature of idioms as well as how they are used, a better understanding of variations in idioms can nevertheless be acquired by looking at some theories and thoughts about their use and their structure.
The aim of this paper is to examine a number of animal idioms, focusing primarily on English idioms and the similarities and differences found in equivalent Swedish idioms, even when the Swedish idioms do not contain an animal. Two types of studies are presented. In the first one, the English and Swedish animal idioms collected are grouped into four categories. The results of such a categorization show that half of the English animal idioms found have an equivalent in Swedish containing an animal. In the second study, the content, structure, wording, semantics and metaphorical meaning of the animal idioms are analysed and compared. The results indicate that the Swedish animal idioms that correspond to the English animal idioms have, for the most part, the same structures and similar variations in degree of literalness, fixity, manipulation and transformation. Furthermore, the use of metaphor, personification and simile appears to be common both in English and Swedish animal idioms. The role of context and literal and figurative translation are also addressed in this study.
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Knighton, Erik Joseph. "Vertical Scales in Temporal sub Constructions." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1402999952.
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Castaño, Castaño Emilia. "The Embodied Basis of Discourse Coherence." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/96719.
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This doctoral dissertation investigates the corporeal basis of global and local coherence. As far as global coherence is concerned, the main argument of this thesis is that the search for global coherence is often guided by means of metaphorical mappings, particularly those having to do with the conceptual metaphor DISCOURSE IS A FORM OF MOTION ALONG A PATH INFLUENCED BY FORCE DYNAMICS. In the case of local coherence, the analysis presented focuses only on a subset of interclausal connections: cause-effect and cause-concession relations, when explicitly marked by means of discourse markers. This thesis successfully assesses the hypothesis that Talmy’s force-dynamic model, along with conceptual metaphor, may account for the semantic content and the type of inferences that said subset of connectives generate during language processing. More broadly, this thesis provides evidence to support the premise that not only the general structure of discourse, but also the coherence relations on which it relies, emerge from our embodied interaction with the world.Esta tesis estudia la posible influencia que la metáfora conceptual, entendida como un proceso cognitivo, puede ejercer en la producción y comprensión del discurso, en particular en el modo en que las relaciones de coherencia global y local emergen y se sustentan. Mediante un análisis cualitativo, esta tesis muestra que la metáfora conceptual UN DISCURSO ES UNA FORMA DE MOVIMIENTO INFLUENCIADA POR DINÁMICAS DE FUERZA y sus esquemas de imagen subyacentes son recursos estructurales básicos. Dichos elementos dan forma a la organización del discurso, contribuyen a realzar las relaciones de coherencia del texto y facilitan la comprensión lectora al activar inferencias o expectativas que pueden ayudar a predecir el comportamiento del discurso. En el caso de a coherencia local, cuatro estudios experimentales proporciona evidencias empíricas, a través de una análisis comparativo del inglés y del castellano, que apoyan la tesis de que las relaciones de coherencia causales y concesivas tienen una naturaleza corpórea ya que parecen estar basadas en conceptos más concretos: interacciones de fuerza. Además este trabajo también ofrece datos que permiten afirmar que dichos patrones de fuerza no sólo son codificados en términos lingüísticos mediante verbos sino también mediante marcadores del discurso causales y concesivos. Todos estos datos llevan a pensar que los esquemas de imagen y la metáfora conceptual son cruciales en conceptualización de las nociones de causalidad y concesión ya que comprimen nuestra experiencia y la extienden a nociones mucho más abstractas tales como la causalidad y la concesión para hacer estas nociones comprensibles. En definitiva esta tesis proporciona evidencias de que apoyan la premisa de que no sólo la estructura general del texto sino también las relaciones de coherencia local emergen de nuestra interacción corpórea con el mundo que nos rodea.
Books on the topic "Conceptual metaphor/semantics"
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Leezenberg, Michiel. Contexts of metaphor: Semantic and conceptual aspects of figurative language interpretation. Amsterdam: Institute for Language, Logic and Computation, Universiteit van Amsterdam., 1995.
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E, Goldberg Adele, and Conceptual Structure, Discourse, and Language Conference (1st : 1995 : University of California, San Diego), eds. Conceptual structure, discourse, and language. Stanford, Calif: CSLI Publications, 1996.
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Conceptual Structure, Discourse and Language. Center for the Study of Language and Inf, 2001.
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Figdor, Carrie. The Metaphor View. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198809524.003.0006.
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Chapter 6 presents the view that psychological terms in these unexpected contexts are used metaphorically. It argues that there is no independent, non-question-begging evidence that the terms are used with metaphorical intent. It presents two main accounts of metaphor: the classical Gricean view and the view from relevance theory or pragmatic semantics. It argues that neither theory provides support for the Metaphor view because both versions of the view rest on a non-Literal interpretation of the predicates. It discusses epistemic metaphor, or the use of analogy in science, and shows how this is compatible with Literalism. It also sets aside the conceptual metaphor view put forward by George Lakoff and colleagues.
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Feyaerts, Kurt, and Lieven Boeve. Religious Metaphors at the Crossroads between Apophatical Theology and Cognitive Linguistics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190636647.003.0003.
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This chapter introduces an interdisciplinary approach to the study of religious discourse, inspired by the observation that the tradition of negative theology, rediscovered by postmodern philosophy and theology, shares major points of interest with the cognitive theory of language. Its primary goal is an attempt to compare two epistemological systems in a fruitful and promising way. There are three major parts. The first deals with aspects of apophatical (or negative) theology and presents its rediscovery by postmodern theology. The second describes central aspects of cognitive semantics, with special attention to the theory of conceptual metaphor. The third brings the two theories together in search of both similarities and differences. It will be shown that there are common points of interest and methodology, and that each approach can contribute to the other, offering possible benefits to theology.
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Drogosz, Anna. A Cognitive Semantics Approach to Darwin’s Theory of Evolution. Æ Academic, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.52769/bl4.0017.
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DARWIN’S THEORY OF EVOLUTION ranks among the most influential of modern scientific theories. Applying the methodology of COGNITIVE SEMANTICS , this study investigates how metaphors based on domains of JOURNEY, STRUGGLE, TREE and HUMAN AGENCY serve to conceptualize key concepts of Darwin’s theory — such as evolutionary change, natural selection, and relationships among organisms. At the outset the author identifies original metaphors in The Origin of Species, to turn to their realizations in modern discourse on evolution in later chapters. Thus, the study uncovers how metaphors contribute to structuring the theory by expressing it in a coherent and attractive way, and how they provide mental tools for reasoning. As the first comprehensive study of conceptual metaphors that underlie Darwin’s theory and affect the way we talk and think about evolution, it may be of interest not only to linguists and evolutionary biologists but also to anyone interested in the interconnection between thought and language.
Book chapters on the topic "Conceptual metaphor/semantics"
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Trim, Richard. "Semantic Fields and Colour." In Metaphor and the Historical Evolution of Conceptual Mapping, 109–28. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230337053_6.
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Qiu, Xiangyun. "Semantic Derivation of the Lexical Item Shen in Mandarin Based on Conceptual Metaphor." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 208–19. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-45185-0_23.
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Vernillo, Paola. "Grounding Abstract Concepts in Action." In Language, Cognition, and Mind, 167–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69823-2_8.
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AbstractSensory-motor information is linguistically encoded by action verbs. Such verbs are not only used to express action concepts and events, but they are also pervasively exploited in the linguistic representation of abstract concepts and figurative meanings. In the light of several theoretical approaches (i.e., Embodied Theories, Conceptual Metaphor Theory, Image Schema Theory), this paper analyzes the mechanisms that enable action verbs to acquire abstract meanings and that motivate the symmetries (or asymmetries) in the semantic variations of locally equivalent verbs (e.g., premere and spingere; Eng., to press and to push). The research is carried out within the IMAGACT framework and focuses on a set of four Italian action verbs encoding force (i.e., premere, spingere, tirare, and trascinare; Eng., to press, to push, to pull, and to drag). The results confirm that metaphorical extensions of action verbs are constrained by the image schemas involved in the core meaning of the verbs. Additionally, the paper shows that these image schemas are responsible for the asymmetries in the metaphorical variation of action verbs pertaining to the same semantic class (i.e., force).
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Thagard, Paul. "Language." In Brain-Mind, 201–22. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190678715.003.0010.
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Semantic pointers handle syntactic structure in a way that integrates with other key aspects of language, including semantics, pragmatics, and phonology. Semantic pointers plausibly provide the underlying neural mechanisms for Jackendoff’s parallel architecture and for other theories of language that go beyond Chomsky’s syntax-first approach. In particular, they show how the mental representation of a word can efficiently combine information about sound, meaning, and grammar to enable the organization of words into sentences. Semantic pointers cast the meanings of words and sentences as multidimensional, relying not just on the relations of words to other words but also on the relation of words to the world through sensory-motor operations, with further contributions from genetic and social processes. The Semantic Pointer Architecture also provides neural mechanisms for explaining complex linguistic phenomena such as conceptual blending and metaphor.
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"Conceptual Blending in Metaphor and Analogy." In Semantic Leaps, 162–202. Cambridge University Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511551352.008.
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Avdonin, Vladimir. "INTERDISCIPLINARY KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER THROUGH THE PRISM OF THEORIES OF METAPHORS." In METOD, 377–405. INION RAN, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31249/metod/2020.10.17.
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The article discusses the possibilities of how the theories of metaphor from philosophy of language, cognitive linguistics and semiotics can contribute to the studies of the interdisciplinary transfer of knowledge in science. The paper develops a synthetic approach according to which metaphors are analyzed as a conceptual interactions, situated in and complemented by the context of communication. The analysis itself includes a consideration of the interactive theory of metaphor (M. Black), cognitive theories of metaphor (E. McCormack and G. Lakoff), the theory of conceptual integration (M. Turner and J. Fauconnier), the theory of multidimensional metaphor G. Steen, semiotic theories of metaphor (Yu. Lotman and Ch. Peirce) in their modern interpretation. Based on theories of conceptual integration (mixing), communicative and modeling properties of metaphors, the author outlines approaches to conceptual modeling of metaphorical transfer in an interdisciplinary transfer. Its key points are: the formation of a common communication space for interdisciplinary transfer; projections of meanings (knowledge) from conceptual spaces included in communication disciplines into some new semantic space; the formation in this space of a conceptual blend (an unusual composition of meanings) that satisfies certain conditions and contains certain components; activation of the emergent structure of cognitive creative modeling; education on the basis of her efforts of a new semantic meaning (new knowledge). The proposed conceptual model of metaphorical transfer can serve as the basis for its development in the context of studies of interdisciplinary integration.
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"Knowledge Metaphors." In Organizational Knowledge Dynamics, 1–26. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8318-1.ch001.
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Cognitive scientists discovered that the mind is inherently embodied, and that conceptual thinking is largely metaphorical. That means that metaphors are much more than just linguistic tools. They play an important role in our understanding of new concepts and ideas, and in extending the semantic field of some already known. Knowledge is a rather old concept but the emergence of the knowledge economy created new meanings and interpretations for it by using the metaphorical approach. Thus, understanding the new semantic spectrum of the concept of knowledge implies an adequate understanding of the metaphors and their functional structure. The purpose of this chapter is to describe the anatomy of a metaphor and to explain how metaphors contribute to generating new meanings and interpretations for the concept of knowledge.
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Koch, Natalia, and Natalia Vasylkova. "THE TEXT CONCEPT OF UKRAINE IN A METAPHORICAL VIEW (BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF THE NOVEL BY L. KOSTENKO “THE NOTES OF UKRAINIAN SAMASHEDSHYI (MADMAN)”." In Trends of philological education development in the context of European integration. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-069-8-7.
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The article is devoted to the study of cognitive mechanisms of actualization of the discursive topic UKRAINE in L. Kostenko 's fiction novel “The Notes of Ukrainian samashedshyi (madman)”. The interaction of conceptual metaphors, which represent the basic textual concept at a deep level, forms the original conceptual space of the work. The purpose of scientific research is to establish connections between structural, orientations and ontological metaphors of the novel, as well as to describe their semantic content, verbalized at the linguistic level. According to the topic, the object of research is a discursive topic (text concept), the subject – the means of verbalization of conceptual metaphors as its expression. The relevance of the publication theme is determined by the general tendency of linguoconceptology, aimed to the study of conceptual space of the author's literary text. The main method of research is a conceptual analysis applying of methodologies of interpretive, contextual and other types of analysis. In-text and out-of-text level connections, which are viewed by involving background contexts (historical-cultural, socio-cultural, situational, etc.), determine the discursive character of the literary text, in which the key text concept functions as a discursive topic. The metaphorical projection of the text concept UKRAINE is carried out in the context of the political picture of Ukrainian world during the “Orange” revolution. The concept UKRAINE is a structurally and contently complex mental unit of individual consciousness that represents interdependent components due to the author's choice of conceptual metaphor. Keeping the established meanings (state; country where Ukrainians live), the concept acquires specificity due to its rethinking in the mind of the writer, who has an original worldview of modern life in the context of globalization. In interpretation of the conceptual content of analyzed topic, it is important the authors’ assume about the theory of conceptual metaphor that a metaphor affects on the decision-making process of problem situation, in particular on the stage of identifying alternatives to solve the problem. The author's vision of such alternatives is manifested in the systematic use of certain types of metaphors. The emotional and pragmatic potentials of conceptual metaphors have a powerful influence on the reader’s mind. In the process of conceptual analysis the basic spheres of experience, related to the representation of the discursive topic UKRAINE were distinguished. Such spheres are represented by structural metaphors of war, morbid metaphor, game metaphor, etc. Productive metaphorical models of the novel are orientation metaphors, which are based on universal empirical experience and individual experience of the the mental language of ontological metaphors supplements the artistic and journalistic discourse. The author’s created a metaphorical model of Ukrainian reality at the beginning of the XXI century is a diffuse system of intersecting metaphorical projections, updated by the discursive topic. The perspectives for further study of metaphorical models of the Ukrainian writers’ works we see in the possibility of describing the specifics of the individual author's worldview in particular and the national picture of the world in general.
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Vivitsou, Marianna. "Values and Purposes in Digital Pedagogies." In Innovative Applications of Online Pedagogy and Course Design, 25–41. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5466-0.ch002.
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This chapter aims to use metaphor analysis in order to discuss and analyze the patterns resulting from Finnish and Greek language and science teachers' (N= 8) interviews on how they integrate digital technologies into classroom practices. To this end, the author performs a meta-analysis of findings from two previous studies on teacher's metaphorical thinking. This is done through the theoretical lens of two cognitive science related theories (conceptual metaphor and conceptual integration or blending theory) and a theory originating from philosophy of language (semantic theory of metaphor). To meet the ends of the study, the author examined the input sources that inform the teachers' thinking in order to extract single-scope and double-scope networks of metaphors. In this way, we can see what values and purposes emerge out of the teachers' choices when digital pedagogies are introduced into the classroom practice.
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Blumenberg, Hans. "Light as a Metaphor for Truth." In History, Metaphors, Fables, 129–69. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501732829.003.0007.
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This chapter assesses Hans Blumenberg's essay, “Light as a Metaphor for Truth” (1957). With this essay, Blumenberg formulated the seed of the project for which he is, at least in Germany, best known: his “metaphorology.” While metaphorology initially seemed to be an extension of conceptual history — a research project aimed at investigating the semantic changes to central concepts of philosophy — it at the same time called into question the very centrality of concepts and terminologies as the only and authentic bearers of philosophical thought. Instead, it makes the case for studying the role pre- and nonconceptual speech plays in the language of philosophy. Where traditionally theories of truth would be interpreted in terms of their propositional content or logical validity, Blumenberg's article instead looks at the metaphors with which truth is described and which operate, as he puts it in the subtitle, “At the Preliminary Stage of Concept Formation.”