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1
Kugler, Karen E. "Guilt conceptualization and measurement /." Access abstract and link to full text, 1989. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.library.utulsa.edu/dissertations/fullcit/9010199.
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Yap, Zhi Wei (David). "Revisiting the conceptualization and measurement of service quality." Queensland University of Technology, 2009. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/28608/.
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Since the 1980s, industries and researchers have sought to better understand the quality of services due to the rise in their importance (Brogowicz, Delene and Lyth 1990). More recent developments with online services, coupled with growing recognition of service quality (SQ) as a key contributor to national economies and as an increasingly important competitive differentiator, amplify the need to revisit our understanding of SQ and its measurement. Although ‘SQ’ can be broadly defined as “a global overarching judgment or attitude relating to the overall excellence or superiority of a service” (Parasuraman, Berry and Zeithaml 1988), the term has many interpretations. There has been considerable progress on how to measure SQ perceptions, but little consensus has been achieved on what should be measured. There is agreement that SQ is multi-dimensional, but little agreement as to the nature or content of these dimensions (Brady and Cronin 2001). For example, within the banking sector, there exist multiple SQ models, each consisting of varying dimensions. The existence of multiple conceptions and the lack of a unifying theory bring the credibility of existing conceptions into question, and beg the question of whether it is possible at some higher level to define SQ broadly such that it spans all service types and industries. This research aims to explore the viability of a universal conception of SQ, primarily through a careful re-visitation of the services and SQ literature. The study analyses the strengths and weaknesses of the highly regarded and widely used global SQ model (SERVQUAL) which reflects a single-level approach to SQ measurement. The SERVQUAL model states that customers evaluate SQ (of each service encounter) based on five dimensions namely reliability, assurance, tangibles, empathy and responsibility. SERVQUAL, however, failed to address what needs to be reliable, assured, tangible, empathetic and responsible. This research also addresses a more recent global SQ model from Brady and Cronin (2001); the B&C (2001) model, that has potential to be the successor of SERVQUAL in that it encompasses other global SQ models and addresses the ‘what’ questions that SERVQUAL didn’t. The B&C (2001) model conceives SQ as being multidimensional and multi-level; this hierarchical approach to SQ measurement better reflecting human perceptions. In-line with the initial intention of SERVQUAL, which was developed to be generalizable across industries and service types, this research aims to develop a conceptual understanding of SQ, via literature and reflection, that encompasses the content/nature of factors related to SQ; and addresses the benefits and weaknesses of various SQ measurement approaches (i.e. disconfirmation versus perceptions-only). Such understanding of SQ seeks to transcend industries and service types with the intention of extending our knowledge of SQ and assisting practitioners in understanding and evaluating SQ. The candidate’s research has been conducted within, and seeks to contribute to, the ‘IS-Impact’ research track of the IT Professional Services (ITPS) Research Program at QUT. The vision of the track is “to develop the most widely employed model for benchmarking Information Systems in organizations for the joint benefit of research and practice.” The ‘IS-Impact’ research track has developed an Information Systems (IS) success measurement model, the IS-Impact Model (Gable, Sedera and Chan 2008), which seeks to fulfill the track’s vision. Results of this study will help future researchers in the ‘IS-Impact’ research track address questions such as: • Is SQ an antecedent or consequence of the IS-Impact model or both? • Has SQ already been addressed by existing measures of the IS-Impact model? • Is SQ a separate, new dimension of the IS-Impact model? • Is SQ an alternative conception of the IS? Results from the candidate’s research suggest that SQ dimensions can be classified at a higher level which is encompassed by the B&C (2001) model’s 3 primary dimensions (interaction, physical environment and outcome). The candidate also notes that it might be viable to re-word the ‘physical environment quality’ primary dimension to ‘environment quality’ so as to better encompass both physical and virtual scenarios (E.g: web sites). The candidate does not rule out the global feasibility of the B&C (2001) model’s nine sub-dimensions, however, acknowledges that more work has to be done to better define the sub-dimensions. The candidate observes that the ‘expertise’, ‘design’ and ‘valence’ sub-dimensions are supportive representations of the ‘interaction’, physical environment’ and ‘outcome’ primary dimensions respectively. The latter statement suggests that customers evaluate each primary dimension (or each higher level of SQ classification) namely ‘interaction’, physical environment’ and ‘outcome’ based on the ‘expertise’, ‘design’ and ‘valence’ sub-dimensions respectively. The ability to classify SQ dimensions at a higher level coupled with support for the measures that make up this higher level, leads the candidate to propose the B&C (2001) model as a unifying theory that acts as a starting point to measuring SQ and the SQ of IS. The candidate also notes, in parallel with the continuing validation and generalization of the IS-Impact model, that there is value in alternatively conceptualizing the IS as a ‘service’ and ultimately triangulating measures of IS SQ with the IS-Impact model. These further efforts are beyond the scope of the candidate’s study. Results from the candidate’s research also suggest that both the disconfirmation and perceptions-only approaches have their merits and the choice of approach would depend on the objective(s) of the study. Should the objective(s) be an overall evaluation of SQ, the perceptions-only approached is more appropriate as this approach is more straightforward and reduces administrative overheads in the process. However, should the objective(s) be to identify SQ gaps (shortfalls), the (measured) disconfirmation approach is more appropriate as this approach has the ability to identify areas that need improvement.
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Shaheen, Sondos [Verfasser], and Bernd [Akademischer Betreuer] Hayo. "Social Uprisings: Conceptualization, Measurement, Causes and Implications / Sondos Shaheen. Betreuer: Bernd Hayo." Marburg : Philipps-Universität Marburg, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1069375411/34.
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Luo, Wenshu, and 駱文淑. "The self-complexity of Chinese college students: conceptualization, measurement and adaptational consequences." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B40888058.
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Luo, Wenshu. "The self-complexity of Chinese college students conceptualization, measurement and adaptational consequences /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B40888058.
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Gehrke, Steven Robert. "Land Use Mix and Pedestrian Travel Behavior: Advancements in Conceptualization and Measurement." PDXScholar, 2017. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3477.
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Smart growth policies have often emphasized the importance of land use mix as an intervention beholding of lasting urban planning and public health benefits. Past transportation-land use research has identified potential efficiency gains achieved by mixed-use neighborhoods and the subsequent shortening of trip lengths; whereas, public health research has accredited increased land use mixing as an effective policy for facilitating greater physical activity. However, despite the celebrated transportation, land use, and health benefits of improved land use mixing and the extent of topical attention, no consensus has been reached regarding the conceptualization and measurement of this key smart growth principle or the magnitude of its link to walking. This dissertation, comprised of three empirical studies, explores this topic in detail.
In the first study, activity-based transportation and landscape ecology theory contributed to the introduction of a multifaceted land use mix construct reflected by a set of composition and configuration indicators. This activity-related land use mix construct, and not the commonly used entropy index, was a significant built environmental determinant of walk mode choice and home-based walk trip frequency. In the second study, structural equation modeling was used to establish a connection between residing in a smart growth neighborhood and home-based pedestrian travel. This study discovered a multidimensional depiction of the traveler's residential environment that was reflective of local land use mix, employment concentration, and pedestrian-oriented design. The second-order factor, which described a smart growth neighborhood, had a strong and positive effect on the household-level decision to walk for transportation-related and discretionary travel when assessed in a multidirectional conceptual framework.
In the final study, the influence of geographic scale selection on the connection between the built environment and active and auto-related travel was explored. Informed by this sensitivity analysis, which underlined the existence of scaling and zoning effects, mode choice for both work and nonwork travel as a function of individual, household, transportation, and built environment features at the home location and destination was modeled. These discrete choice analysis results found that measures of land use mix and density at each trip end had the strongest effect on the decision to walk rather drive or ride in a vehicle for nonwork trips. In all, the findings from this dissertation provide policymakers and practitioners greater specificity in the measurement of land use mix and its connection to pedestrian travel behavior.
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Hoots, Valerie M. "Conceptualization and Measurement of Spirituality: Towards the Development of a Nontheistic Spirituality Measure for Use in Health-Related Fields." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3345.
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Relationships between spirituality and health outcomes are well supported in research; however, measurement of spirituality often reflects a Judeo-Christian framework and is predominantly theocentric, neglecting the increasing religious pluralism and non-traditional expressions of spirituality in the United States. A new measure of spirituality was based on a conceptualization of nontheistic spirituality that is understood to be a relatively stable motivational process entailing a search for sacred connection, with “sacred” being defined by individual perceptions and not necessitating divine association. Item development for the current instrument included an initial pool of 65 items and two phases of revision and content validation. The resulting 45-item pool was examined for content validity via two review phases in which expert reviewers rated quality of item form and item congruence with the present spirituality conceptualization. This research addresses current measurement limitations and provides a foundation for continued revision and validation of a nontheistic-based spirituality measure.
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Scheibe, Susanne. "Longing ("Sehnsucht") as a new lifespan concept a developmental conceptualization and its measurement in adulthood /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2005. http://www.diss.fu-berlin.de/2005/159/index.html.
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Cheng, Wen-Nuan Kara. "Toward a three-dimensional conceptualization of performance anxiety : Conceptual model, measurement development, and initial validations." Thesis, Bangor University, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.502728.
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Li, Jie, and 李洁. "Bereavement guilt in Chinese adult children : the conceptualization, measurement, risk factors and association with grief outcomes." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/193396.
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Bereavement is one of the most painful experiences in one’s life, and guilt is one of the various emotions associated with it. Guilt is widely reported by bereaved people, but it is not yet sufficiently understood by researchers. There is a lack of convergence in conceptualizing guilt, and no valid measurement exists to assess this important construct in grief. Meanwhile, this emotion is particularly significant in Chinese adult given the cultural value of filial piety. Therefore, this thesis aims to fill this gap and enhance understanding of the nature and consequences of bereavement guilt in Chinese adult children.
This sequential mixed method research comprises three parts. To better define and conceptualize bereavement guilt, 16 bereaved adult children were interviewed in the first study about their subjective experience of guilt. Their narratives illustrated the content and feelings of bereavement guilt. It suggested that guilt was based on various evaluations of their behaviors, which failed to meet their inner standards or expectations. It also revealed that they felt guilt for contributing to the death, for hurting the deceased, and for not paying enough back to the parent. Those thoughts were evidently accompanied by distressful feelings.
In study two, the Bereavement Guilt Scale (BGS) was developed based on findings in study one. It was then validated with survey data collected from 873 bereaved adult children. The scale comprises five factors: (1) responsibility towards the death, (2) hurting the deceased, (3) survivor guilt, (4) indebtedness guilt and (5) guilt feelings. It was proved to have good dimensionality and construct validity, satisfactory internal consistency and test-retest reliability.
Study three aimed to build the model for bereavement guilt, exploring its prevalence, predictors and relationship with complicated grief. The same data set in study two was analyzed and the results revealed various occurrence rates for different subtypes of bereavement guilt. The most common type is indebtedness guilt (81%), followed by guilt feelings (70%), responsibility for the death (37%), survivor guilt (27%) and guilt about hurting the deceased (23%). It was also revealed that guilt is more commonly experienced by people bereaved from unnatural death than natural death. Investigating a group of demographic and death-related variables simultaneously, this study found that different types of guilt have distinct predictors, but that three risk factors predicted most of them. These are the adult children being of a younger age, losing a mother, and low psychological preparation for the death. Finally, a strong association between guilt and complicated grief was established by the data. The relationship between complicated grief and guilt was stronger than with demographic variables, death-related variables, depression and anxiety. Such association remains significant even when controlling for these variables.
This thesis proposes a multidimensional conceptualization of bereavement guilt and has developed a valid measurement tool. It builds a preliminary model of risk factors, bereavement guilt and health outcomes in bereavement. The implications and limitations are also discussed.published_or_final_version
Social Work and Social Administration
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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au, etor@nd edu, and Geok Hwa Tor. "Measuring youth civic development in Malaysia: Conceptualization, instrument development using the Rasch measurement model, and substantive outcomes." Murdoch University, 2010. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20100227.153706.
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This study concerned the development of measures for youth civic development in Malaysia with four major goals in mind, namely conceptual, measurement, baseline/pragmatic, and predictive goals. It was a preliminary study of its kind in Malaysia as Malaysia did not participate in any international or regional study such as the IEA Civic Study. The central intention of the study was to establish a conceptually valid assessment framework and psychometrically sound instruments for the measurement of youth civic development in Malaysia. This would, in turn, provide some baseline information upon which future research on youth civic development in Malaysia could build.
Civics as a subject was removed from the Malaysian school curriculum in the early 1980s and Civic and Citizenship Education as a specific subject, with an explicit structure and curriculum framework, was reintroduced only in 2005. It was not feasible at the time when this study was conducted to conduct a specific assessment on the outcomes for school-aged students as explicated and expected in the curriculum framework. Therefore, the post-school-aged group of young undergraduates in public universities within the age range of 17-28 was selected as the target population.
Firstly, a conceptualisation of youth civic development was synthesized by identifying current views on citizenship, as set out in the international literature and, specifically, in Malaysia in two major documents the Rukenagara and Vision2020. Civic development consists of three variables of Civic Knowledge (CK) (knowledge about the legal status and associated rights and responsibilities of citizens); Civic Disposition (CD) (views on identity and attitudes as a citizen); and Civic Engagement (CE) (participation as a citizen). The relationship between civic development variables was explicated through a Neo-Vygotskian cultural-historical theory of human development. In addition, Bronfenbrenners Socio-Ecological Theory of human development was adopted for the selection of contextual and individual factors (the independent variables) for the conceptual model. To help ensure cross-cultural validity for use within the Malaysian socio-cultural context, the three dependent variables of CK, CD and CE, and the independent variables were appraised for their suitability for use within the Malaysian socio-cultural context before they were operationalized into observable indicators.
Secondly, the Rasch measurement paradigm, framework and model were adopted as the foundation for instrument development and validation. The procedures for instrument development followed Wilsons model of four building blocks of instrument development (Wilson, 2005). Three instruments were developed for this study, namely The Malaysian Civic Knowledge Inventory (MCKI), The Malaysian Civic Disposition Inventory (MCDI), and the Malaysian Civic Engagement Inventory (MCEI). Items from existing instruments in international literature were adopted or adapted for the three instruments, especially the MCEI, if there was construct equivalence in Rukunegara and Vision 2020. This was to ensure a cumulative tradition in research on youth civic development. Most of the items in the MCKI and the MCDI however were developed specifically for this study to capture the specificity of the civic culture of Malaysia.
The target population for the study was undergraduate students enrolled in Malaysian public universities. Students at one public university were chosen as the accessible population. Data were collected in February 2006 (pilot study) and from July to August 2006 (main study). The sample for this study (N=1391) was drawn through multistage cluster sampling by study concentration, level of study, and clusters based on lecture/tutorial group. The sample also, by default, included major inherent characteristics of the target population, particularly gender (Male and Female) and ethnicity (Malay, Chinese, Indian and other ethnic groups).
Rasch analyses confirmed the three-dimensional structure of youth civic development. Three measurement scales with acceptable psychometric properties were established to provide measures for the three dependent variables of CK, CD and CE. The hypotheses about civic development (in terms of CK, CD and CE) as a tool and result activity were tested through path analyses of mediational relationships based on Baron and Kennys criteria (1986) using the Rasch-derived linearized scores from the main study. Analyses provided statistical support for a bidirectional association between each pair of CK, CD and CE, despite the low inter-correlations between them.
This study revealed that, on average, youth in this study demonstrated a moderately high level of CK (Mean =1.11, SD = 0.77), a positive CD (Mean = 1.25; SD = 0.63) but a moderately low CE (Mean = -0.44; SD = 0.92). The Malay sub-sample scored, on average, higher on all three dimensions of civic development. The results of hierarchical multiple regressions however showed the effect of ethnicity (Malay or Non-Malay) was statistically non-significant when other contextual (home, curricular and co-curricular) variables were entered into the regression equation. This indicates it is not ethnicity that predicts levels of civic development, but rather it is the differences in other socio-political entitlements and status associated with ethnic status. Three selected collective social-contextual factors of home, curriculum and co-curriculum explained only a fairly modest but statistically significant amount of variance (10 to 20%) in the dependent variables.
Finally, the findings were discussed in relation to the theoretical perspectives undergirding this study. Pragmatic implications for policy planning as well as other relevant stakeholders involved in youth civic development are also discussed.
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Tor, Geok Hwa. "Measuring youth civic development in Malaysia: Conceptualization, instrument development using the Rasch measurement model, and substantive outcomes." Tor, Geok Hwa (2010) Measuring youth civic development in Malaysia: Conceptualization, instrument development using the Rasch measurement model, and substantive outcomes. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2010. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/1810/.
Full textAbstract:
This study concerned the development of measures for youth civic development in Malaysia with four major goals in mind, namely conceptual, measurement, baseline/pragmatic, and predictive goals. It was a preliminary study of its kind in Malaysia as Malaysia did not participate in any international or regional study such as the IEA Civic Study. The central intention of the study was to establish a conceptually valid assessment framework and psychometrically sound instruments for the measurement of youth civic development in Malaysia. This would, in turn, provide some baseline information upon which future research on youth civic development in Malaysia could build.
Civics as a subject was removed from the Malaysian school curriculum in the early 1980s and Civic and Citizenship Education as a specific subject, with an explicit structure and curriculum framework, was reintroduced only in 2005. It was not feasible at the time when this study was conducted to conduct a specific assessment on the outcomes for school-aged students as explicated and expected in the curriculum framework. Therefore, the post-school-aged group of young undergraduates in public universities within the age range of 17-28 was selected as the target population.
Firstly, a conceptualisation of youth civic development was synthesized by identifying current views on citizenship, as set out in the international literature and, specifically, in Malaysia in two major documents – the Rukenagara and Vision2020. Civic development consists of three variables of Civic Knowledge (CK) (knowledge about the legal status and associated rights and responsibilities of citizens); Civic Disposition (CD) (views on identity and attitudes as a citizen); and Civic Engagement (CE) (participation as a citizen). The relationship between civic development variables was explicated through a Neo-Vygotskian cultural-historical theory of human development. In addition, Bronfenbrenner’s Socio-Ecological Theory of human development was adopted for the selection of contextual and individual factors (the independent variables) for the conceptual model. To help ensure cross-cultural validity for use within the Malaysian socio-cultural context, the three dependent variables of CK, CD and CE, and the independent variables were appraised for their suitability for use within the Malaysian socio-cultural context before they were operationalized into observable indicators.
Secondly, the Rasch measurement paradigm, framework and model were adopted as the foundation for instrument development and validation. The procedures for instrument development followed Wilson’s model of four building blocks of instrument development (Wilson, 2005). Three instruments were developed for this study, namely The Malaysian Civic Knowledge Inventory (MCKI), The Malaysian Civic Disposition Inventory (MCDI), and the Malaysian Civic Engagement Inventory (MCEI). Items from existing instruments in international literature were adopted or adapted for the three instruments, especially the MCEI, if there was construct equivalence in Rukunegara and Vision 2020. This was to ensure a cumulative tradition in research on youth civic development. Most of the items in the MCKI and the MCDI however were developed specifically for this study to capture the specificity of the civic culture of Malaysia.
The target population for the study was undergraduate students enrolled in Malaysian public universities. Students at one public university were chosen as the accessible population. Data were collected in February 2006 (pilot study) and from July to August 2006 (main study). The sample for this study (N=1391) was drawn through multistage cluster sampling by study concentration, level of study, and clusters based on lecture/tutorial group. The sample also, by default, included major inherent characteristics of the target population, particularly gender (Male and Female) and ethnicity (Malay, Chinese, Indian and other ethnic groups).
Rasch analyses confirmed the three-dimensional structure of youth civic development. Three measurement scales with acceptable psychometric properties were established to provide measures for the three dependent variables of CK, CD and CE. The hypotheses about civic development (in terms of CK, CD and CE) as a ‘tool and result’ activity were tested through path analyses of mediational relationships based on Baron and Kenny’s criteria (1986) using the Rasch-derived linearized scores from the main study. Analyses provided statistical support for a bidirectional association between each pair of CK, CD and CE, despite the low inter-correlations between them.
This study revealed that, on average, youth in this study demonstrated a moderately high level of CK (Mean =1.11, SD = 0.77), a positive CD (Mean = 1.25; SD = 0.63) but a moderately low CE (Mean = -0.44; SD = 0.92). The Malay sub-sample scored, on average, higher on all three dimensions of civic development. The results of hierarchical multiple regressions however showed the effect of ethnicity (Malay or Non-Malay) was statistically non-significant when other contextual (home, curricular and co-curricular) variables were entered into the regression equation. This indicates it is not ethnicity that predicts levels of civic development, but rather it is the differences in other socio-political entitlements and status associated with ethnic status. Three selected collective social-contextual factors of home, curriculum and co-curriculum explained only a fairly modest but statistically significant amount of variance (10 to 20%) in the dependent variables.
Finally, the findings were discussed in relation to the theoretical perspectives undergirding this study. Pragmatic implications for policy planning as well as other relevant stakeholders involved in youth civic development are also discussed.
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Tor, Geok Hwa. "Measuring youth civic development in Malaysia : conceptualization, instrument development using the Rasch measurement model, and substantive outcomes /." Murdoch University Theses, 2009. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20100227.153706.
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Böhn, Svenja [Verfasser], and Viola [Akademischer Betreuer] Deutscher. "Training quality and premature termination of apprenticeship contract – conceptualization, operationalization and measurement / Svenja Böhn ; Betreuer: Viola Deutscher." Mannheim : Universitätsbibliothek Mannheim, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1241474176/34.
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Deckers, Marius [Verfasser], and Marcus [Akademischer Betreuer] Roth. "Group openness and cohesion as group personality characteristics – conceptualization, measurement and influence on training transfer / Marius Deckers ; Betreuer: Marcus Roth." Duisburg, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1222908786/34.
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Došek, Tomáš, and Flavia Freidenberg. "The congruence of political parties and multi-level party systems in Latin America: conceptualization and review of some measurement tools." Politai, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/92380.
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The objective of these article is to evaluate different kinds of methodological tools thatmeasure the levels of congruence of the competition within de multi-level party systems, unders- tanding this last one as the levels of similitude that are experimented by the different districts where political parties compete. It starts from the premise that every party system is multi- level because in that system exists competition in different institutional levels (and in different districts simultaneously). The relevance of multi-level appears when national elections and subnational elections dynamics are not necessarily equals, and it is required to overcome the methodological traditional nationalism that it has been experimented until the moment in the research agenda about parties and party systems. The review of the concept of «congruence» is not exhaustive, and it seeks to systematize the contemporary literature to observe de similarities and differences in national and subnational electoral dynamics, and the consequences of the use of each measurement tool for the identified dynamics.El objetivo de este artículo es evaluar diferentes herramientas metodológicas para medir los niveles de congruencia de la competencia de los sistemas de partidos multinivel, entendida esta como los niveles de similitud que experimentan entre los diferentes distritos donde compiten los partidos. Se parte de la premisa de que todo sistema de partidos es multinivel, ya que existe competencia en distintos niveles institucionales (y en diferentes distritos de manera simultánea). La relevancia de la lógica multinivel se da en que la dinámicas en las elecciones nacionales y subnacionales no son necesariamente iguales y requieren superar el tradicional nacionalismo metodológico que ha experimentado hasta el momento la agenda de investigación sobre los partidos y los sistemas de partidos. La revisión del concepto de congruencia no es exhaustiva y busca sistematizar la literatura actual para observar las similitudes y diferencias en las dinámicas electorales nacionales y subnacionales, y las consecuencias del uso de cada instrumento de medición sobre las dinámicas que se identifican.
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Ardag, Mahmut Murat [Verfasser], Torsten [Akademischer Betreuer] Selck, and Christopher [Akademischer Betreuer] Cohrs. "National Identity: conceptualization and measurement, antecedents and consequences - an exploration of the sources of heterogeneity / Mahmut Murat Ardag ; Torsten Selck, Christopher Cohrs." Oldenburg : BIS der Universität Oldenburg, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1163393975/34.
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Peterlevitz, Tiago. "Conceituando e medindo a democracia em Colômbia e Venezuela." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8131/tde-09042012-135450/.
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Até o presente, todas as avaliações de regime político tiveram que escolher um lado ao depararem- se com o trade-off entre tipo e grau. Esforços dicotômicos e tricotômicos produziram avaliações tipológicas significativas, mas incapazes de estabelecer gradações entre países muito diferentes. Trabalhos policotômicos ou contínuos forneceram avaliações nuançadas, todavia as tipologias que derivam deles são casuísticas e baseadas em distinções artificiais. Ademais, avaliações de países em desenvolvimento frequentemente apresentam sérios problemas de validade e adequação conceitual. Este estudo usa insights da lógica de fuzzy sets de modo a superar o mencionado trade-off, mediante o desenvolvimento de uma avaliação original de regimes que é contínua e de natureza tanto qualitativa como quantitativa, apresentando maior poder discriminatório do que todas as demais disponíveis na literatura. O trabalho também mostra que aspectos relacionados ao primado da lei são cruciais para o exame de regimes políticos e não podem ser desconsiderados, sobretudo quando países em desenvolvimento são analisados. Colômbia e Venezuela foram os casos em que o arcabouço elaborado foi aplicado, o que resultou em avaliações que apresentam menos problemas de validade e adequação conceitual do que as produzidas por Cheibub, Gandhi e Vreeland, Freedom House e Polity IV.So far, all measures of political regimes had to choose sides when faced with the trade-off between degree and type. Polychotomous or continuous works provide nuanced evaluations, but the classifications they use are casuistic and based on ad hoc distinctions. Dichotomous and trichotomous attempts, although producing meaningful classifications, are incapable of distinguishing between very different countries. Additionally, evaluations concerning developing countries often present serious validity and conceptual adequacy problems. This study uses insights from fuzzy sets logic in order to overcome the mentioned trade-off by developing an original measure of regimes that is continuous and both qualitative and quantitative in nature, exhibiting more discriminating power than all the others available in the literature. This work also shows that aspects related to the rule of law are crucial to assessments of political regimes and should not be overlooked, especially when developing countries are examined. Colombia and Venezuela were the cases to which the measure elaborated was applied, what resulted in evaluations that present less validity and conceptual adequacy problems than the ones produced by Cheibub, Gandhi and Vreeland, Freedom House and Polity IV.
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Obasi, Ezemenari Marquis. "Measurement of Acculturation Strategies for People of African Descent (MASPAD): An emic conceptualization of acculturation as a moderating factor between psychological distress and mental health seeking attitudes." The Ohio State University, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1112382868.
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Obasi, Ezemenari Marquis. "Measurement of acculturation strategies for people of African descent (MASPAD) an emic conceptualization of acculturation as a moderating factor between psychological distress and mental health seeking attitudes /." Connect to this title online, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1112382868.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xiii, 115 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes bibliographical references (p. 98-107). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
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蘇細清. "中國中學生"感恩"結構 : 概念、測量及應用 = The structure of gratitude of secondary school students in China : conceptualization, measurement and implications." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2007. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/793.
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Verberk, Genoveva Thaddea Maria. "Attitudes towards ethnic minorities : conceptualizations, measurements, and models /." Nijmegen : Katholieke universiteit, SOCON, 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37094771m.
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Texte remanié de: Proefschrift--Sociale wetenschappen--Nijmegen--Katholieke Universiteit, 1999.Mention parallèle de titre ou de responsabilité : Attitudes ten aanzien van allochtonen : concepten, metingen en modellen. Bibliogr. p. 251-258. La couv. porte Geneviève Verberk comme nom d'auteur. SOCON = Sociaal culturele ontwikkelingen in Nederland.
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Ketron, Seth Christopher. "Size Framing: Conceptualization and Applications in Consumer Behavior." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1011747/.
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Size information is vital in many consumer contexts, but currently, no central framework or conceptual model exists for a thorough understanding of the underlying process of how consumers interpret size information and form size judgments. Thus, the purpose of this three-paper dissertation is to introduce such a framework, discuss future research directions based on that framework, and pursue a few of these directions in the second and third papers, both of which focus on a vanity sizing context. The resulting work and findings illustrate the process through which consumers go in forming size judgments and collectively present both scholars and practitioners with a common basis for future study and implementation of findings in contexts in which size information is salient.
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Powers, Nancy Ellen. "The conceptualization and development of a high-stakes video listening test within an AUA framework in a military context." Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=107603.
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The concepts of justification and accountability are being promoted as a new added value in the field of language testing. Bachman and Palmer's (2010) Assessment Use Argument (AUA) provides a theoretical framework that can ensure the validity of a test. This study implements an AUA in a high-stakes context to justify the inclusion of videos in a general proficiency listening comprehension test intended for international military personnel studying English in Canada. It follows a three-phase exploratory sequential mixed methods research design. The first phase includes a needs analysis and the development of a prototype. Qualitative data was collected that provided a basis for the next phase. Phase Two includes the development of a computer-delivered video listening test, which follows each stage of test development. In the final phase, Phase 3, the test was trialled on three groups of stakeholders (test developers, teachers and students) and their perceptions of the usefulness of the videos were collected through both qualitative and quantitative methods. The results show that stakeholders perceived the videos as being helpful for comprehension and they appreciated the authenticity of the listening texts. The stakeholders also reported that the videos reduced student anxiety. These data were used as evidence for Claim 1 of the AUA, which states that the use of a test must produce beneficial consequences for the test taker. Though the present study focuses on Claim 1, it does clearly articulate the other three claims of the AUA, which refer to the Decisions, Interpretations, and Assessment Records, as explained by Bachman & Palmer (2010).Les concepts de justification et de fiabilité sont perçus de plus en plus comme une valeur ajoutée dans le domaine de l'évaluation linguistique. Bachman et Palmer (2010) en font la démonstration dans leur cadre théorique en présentant un argument en faveur de l'utilisation de l'évaluation (Assessment Use Argument - AUA) comme moyen de valider un test. La présente étude applique cette notion (AUA) dans un contexte d'enjeux élevés afin de justifier l'inclusion de vidéos lors de l'administration d'un test de compréhension auditive de compétence générale, lequel est destiné à une clientèle militaire internationale apprenant l'anglais au Canada. Cette étude repose sur un modèle de recherche composé de méthodes mixtes s'articulant en trois phases exploratoires séquentielles. La première phase comprend une analyse de besoins et l'élaboration d'un prototype pendant laquelle des données qualitatives ont été recueillies afin de servir à la phase suivante. La deuxième phase porte sur le développement d'un test de compréhension vidéo-auditive généré par un ordinateur. Enfin, la dernière phase présente les résultats obtenus à l'aide de méthodes quantitatives et qualitatives lors de l'essai mené auprès des trois groupes de participants (élaborateurs de tests, enseignants et étudiants), c'est-à-dire leurs perceptions quant à l'utilité des vidéos. Les résultats démontrent que les vidéos ont été perçues par les participants comme étant utiles pour la compréhension et que l'authenticité des tests de compréhension auditive a été appréciée. Les participants ont également affirmé que la présence de vidéos réduisait l'anxiété des étudiants. Ces données positives ont servi à confirmer le Postulat 1 du cadre théorique (AUA) selon lequel l'utilisation d'un test doit produire des conséquences bénéfiques pour le candidat testé. Bien que le Postulat 1 soit le point focal de la présente étude, celle-ci met clairement en lumière les trois autres postulats du cadre théorique AUA de Bachman & Palmer (2010) : les décisions, les interprétations et les rapports d'évaluation.
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Patrick, Barbara A. "From conceptualization to implementation the use of performance measures, funding and accountability systems in the public sector /." Diss., Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2007. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-06272007-145209.
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Chun-I, Liu, and 劉俊驛. "Conceptualization and Measurement of Addictive Buying." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/68261426768709466953.
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碩士輔仁大學
織品服裝學系
91
In the post-consuming age, the progressive technology leads high social step and pressure. Plus the flourishing media and versatile advertisements, the issue caused by the consuming behavior is getting diverse and complex. One of the most deeply concerned surfacing issues is the addictive consumer behavior. This research aims at clarifying the concept of consuming addiction and its aspects, and developing a measurement of individual consuming-addicted degree. Therefore, this research method contains two major parts: first is the in-depth case study. With eight interviews and literature discussions, clarifying the consuming-addicted concept and build ten aspects, including "emotion-related", "craving behaviors ", "showing-off consuming", "temporary happiness", "possession & persistence", "impulsive buying", "tolerance & remission behaviors ", "material inclination", "weak money control", and "concerns from surrounding people." The second part of the research develops the consuming-addicted measurement library with these ten addictive buying aspects. By 316 samples proceeding to reliability analysis and validity analysis, finally build a measurement with 15 questions. This measurement at the end is sorted into four elements: "craving behaviors", "impulsive buying", "showing-off consuming" and "tolerance & remission behaviors." Through the focused discussion figures out the model concept of addictive buying. Assisting with the well-organized measurement resulted from the confirmatory factor analysis presents the phenomenon concretely.
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CHANG-HAU, TSAI, and 蔡昌昊. "eSports event innovativeness: Conceptualization and measurement." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/14094714253406159485.
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碩士淡江大學
國際企業學系碩士班
104
Ever since eSports event begin to grow, the audience that watch eSports event is also growing beside the growth of gamers. According to SlidShare 2015 report, in 2017 there will be 76 million enthusiastic eSports audience in Asia, Europe and North America will increase to 46 million audience, and total global audience are 145 million. From the numbers above, nearly 54% are from Asia, and annual growth rate is 20%. We can see from data shows growth rate is rising, and study shows innovation will bring more opportunity for growth rate in sport industry. Therefore, this research will evaluate the innovativeness in Taiwanese eSports environment under the circumstances of steady audience and gamers growth rate. Because the similar kind of research is very less in Taiwan, so this research will only discuss the dimensions that has been discovered in Taiwanese eSports environment so far. Which is player performance, aesthetic environment, fan community and loyalty program, using these dimension to evaluate overall innovativeness in Taiwan eSports environment. The discover result is perhaps to provide useful information to managerial level to make decisions and marketing strategy in the future. In order to retain the audience and attract new audience.
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chun, Yang hui, and 楊惠淳. "Conceptualization and Measurement of Fashion Anxiety." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/32243115129695786662.
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碩士輔仁大學
織品服裝學系
89
The goals of this research are twofold:first,to clarify and conceptualize the construct of fashion anxiety;secondly,to develop the measurement scale of the fashion anxiety concept. The research has applied both qualitative and quantitative methods.In the first part,the data of depth interviews with ten representatine subjects are integrated with the theories drawn from prior research to bulid up ten dimensions of fashion anxiety which are "attached importance to fashion","fear for out of date","pursuit agter fashion","known well of fashion information","attached importance to appearence","anxiety of fashion body","attached importance to fashion brand","monetary pressure from fashion consumption","fashion pressure from interpersonal competition",and"fashion anxiety from diversity of regions". In the second part,the first step is to build up the fashion anxiety measurement items polled from the ten dimensions.The following step is to administer items to a homogeneous sample.By factor analysis,the fashion anxiety scale is further expanded to four sub-scale which are"fashion as the interpersonal symbol,"sensitivity of fashion"''"security of fashion",and"pressure of fashion consumption". Through the detailed development and investigation,the research conceptualizes as well as provides the measurement scale for academia and practitioners to assess the abstract nature of fashion anxiety.
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Jian, Yi-Fen, and 簡翊芬. "Conceptualization and Measurement of Backpackers’ Exploratory Curiosity." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/05279753131495144517.
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碩士國立屏東科技大學
休閒運動健康系所
101
Recently, researchers called the type of non-institutionalized travel as backpacker. In addition, curiosity had been regarded as a key intrinsic motivational drive for facilitating human exploratory behaviors in many domains, such as psychology, education, and sport. According to a literature review and in-depth interview, the purposes of this study were to define the construct of backpackers’ exploratory curiosity questionnaire, to conceptualize its role in the destination choice process, and to develop an instrument to measure backpackers’ exploratory curiosity. The questionnaire divided into three steps of the development process and tested reliability and validity by different samples. A rigorous instrument development process resulted in a reliable and valid scale with four factors (excitement, destinations, social contact, and tourism events) and a total of 18 items. Implications of findings for practical applications and suggestions for future research are also provided.
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Wu, Yi-Na, and 吳宜娜. "The conceptualization and measurement of ISD team creativity." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/68410844236751630900.
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碩士南台科技大學
資訊管理系
97
Team creativity have long explored and studied the information systems development (ISD) theory, but there is still has no proper measurement among academic researches. In this paper, we develop a scale for information systems development team creativity, including four dimensions- collaboration, coordination, communication and team learning. And then, we performed a series of analyses to establish the reliability and validity of the scale for ISD team creativity. The reliability measures, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and subsequent statistical tests strongly support our measure. This scale could serve as useful references for researchers and practitioner interested in investigating issues related to team creativity of information systems development.
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李伊閔. "The Creativity of Recreation Farms’ Websites: Conceptualization and Measurement." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/92505571249991226955.
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碩士國立彰化師範大學
地理學系
101
In today’s market, the use of Internet marketing has been gaining increasing focus. Improving the creative nature of their websites is invaluable to recreation farms, giving individual farms a competitive edge. The goal of this research is to investigate the creative factors relevant to the websites of recreation farms, and to develop a metric for measuring that creativity. The construction of this metric will take place over four broad stages. The first will be the laying of a theoretical foundation and in-depth interviews with five experts on recreation farm management and website design. The second stage will consist of a stringent content analysis, using this to arrive at an initial list of 42 items for measurement. The third stage will focus on surveying students of tourism or related areas at various colleges around Taiwan, along with an initial test of the structure and reliability of the items in the Recreation Farm Website Creativity Index. The fourth stage will focus on surveying ordinary Internet users, serving as another test and analysis of the Index. The elements considered in this website creativity index are five major structural dimensions, seven creative functionality items, and 29 measurement items. These items are divided across the technological value dimension (visual communication, technical quality), park information dimension (service information, interactive communication), interactive communication dimension, online commerce dimension, and the customer relations dimension (customer service, customer participation).The results of this study establish the compositional factors behind recreation farm website creativity, as well as proposing concrete suggestions that may serve as a reference for recreation farm operators in conducting website planning and management.
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Harasymchuk, Cheryl. "Relational boredom : conceptualization, development, and validation of a measurement instrument." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/21425.
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"Female role orientation of Chinese women: conceptualization and scale measurement." 2004. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5892015.
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Lam Wang.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 119-126).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
ABSTRACT (ENGLISH) --- p.i
ABSTRACT (CHINESE) --- p.iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.v
LIST OF TABLES --- p.vii
LIST OF FIGURES --- p.ix
Chapter CHAPTER ONE --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- Background --- p.1
Chapter 1.2 --- Research Objectives --- p.4
Chapter 1.3 --- Significant --- p.5
Chapter 1.4 --- Outline --- p.6
Chapter CHAPTER TWO --- BACKGROUND AND LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.8
Chapter 2.1 --- Literature from Psychology --- p.8
Chapter 2.1.1 --- The conceptual issues of feminism --- p.8
Chapter 2.1.2 --- The measurement issues of feminism --- p.10
Chapter 2.2 --- Literature from Marketing --- p.15
Chapter 2.3 --- The Changing Roles of Women in China --- p.19
Chapter CHAPTER THREE --- CONCEPTUALIZING FEMALE ROLE ORIENTATTION --- p.23
Chapter 3.1 --- Defining Female Role Orientation --- p.23
Chapter 3.2 --- The Components of the Female Role Orientation --- p.24
Chapter 3.2.1 --- Wifehood orientation --- p.26
Chapter 3.2.2 --- Motherhood orientation --- p.27
Chapter 3.2.3 --- Career orientation --- p.28
Chapter 3.2.4 --- Society orientation --- p.29
Chapter 3.2.5 --- Appearance orientation --- p.29
Chapter 3.2.6 --- Love orientation --- p.31
Chapter CHAPTER FOUR --- RESEARCH METHODOLOGY --- p.33
Chapter 4.1 --- Overview --- p.33
Chapter 4.2 --- Study 1: Item Generation and Refinement --- p.35
Chapter 4.3 --- Study 2: Instrument Pretests --- p.36
Chapter 4.3.1 --- Pretest 1: Item reduction and reliability testing --- p.36
Chapter 4.3.2 --- Pretest 2: Further refinement for scale items --- p.37
Chapter 4.4 --- Study 3: Reliability and Validity Assessment --- p.41
Chapter 4.4.1 --- Sample and data collection --- p.41
Chapter 4.4.2 --- Dimensionality assessment --- p.43
Chapter 4.4.3 --- Item analysis and reliability assessment --- p.51
Chapter 4.4.4 --- Validity assessment --- p.51
Chapter 4.4.4.1 --- Convergent validity --- p.51
Chapter 4.4.4.2 --- Discriminant validity --- p.55
Chapter 4.4.4.3 --- Nomological validity --- p.57
Chapter 4.5 --- Sutdy 4: Assessment of Scale Generalizability --- p.65
Chapter 4.5.1 --- Sample and data collection --- p.65
Chapter 4.5.2 --- Factor structure comparison --- p.70
Chapter 4.5.3 --- Comparison of reliability and validity across samples --- p.77
Chapter 4.5.3.1 --- Scale reliability --- p.77
Chapter 4.5.3.2 --- Convergent validity --- p.78
Chapter 4.5.3.3 --- Discriminant validity --- p.83
Chapter 4.5.3.4 --- Nomological validity --- p.85
Chapter 4.6 --- Additional Analysis --- p.91
Chapter 4.6.1 --- Comparing Arnott's Feminism Scale with FRO in Four Cities of PRC --- p.91
Chapter CHAPTER FIVE --- RESULT AND DISCUSSION --- p.104
Chapter 5.1 --- Discussion of Findings --- p.104
Chapter 5.2 --- Contributions --- p.106
Chapter 5.3 --- Limitations and Directions for Future Research --- p.111
APPENDICES
Chapter APPENDIX I. --- QUESTIONAIRE --- p.113
Chapter APPENDIX II. --- FRO SCALE ITEMS (AFTER REFINEMENT) --- p.117
Chapter APPENDIX III. --- CHINESE VERSION OF ARNOTT'S FEMINISM SCALE --- p.118
REFERRENCES --- p.119
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Banerjee, Subhabrata. "Marketing managers' perceptions of corporate environmentalism: Conceptualization, measurement and antecedents." 1995. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI9638924.
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Recent trends indicate that firms are spending more money and resources on environmental protection and are seeking proactive ways to reduce the environment impact of their business actions. This dissertation discusses the impact of environmental issues on strategy formulation and proposes underlying themes of corporate environmentalism based on inclusion of the biophysical environment in strategy, formulation, and organization wide recognition of and response to environmental issues. Corporate environmentalism is proposed to consist of two constructs: an overall corporate environmental orientation wherein environmentalism is internalized as a corporate value, and an environmental strategic focus involving the integration of environmental issues into the strategic planning process. The construct of corporate environmentalism is operationalized and the relationship with its antecedents is empirically tested. Using theoretical perspectives from ecology, marketing, and strategic management, this study builds an integrated model of corporate environmentalism including its antecedents and consequences. Public concern, threat of legislation, top management commitment, long term focus, and the need for competitive advantage are some antecedents that were gleaned from the literature. A two-stage methodology was used: the first stage involved in-depth interviews with managers of 6 firms. Based on these interviews three models of corporate environmentalism were constructed. The second stage involved empirical testing of these models. A survey instrument was designed and mailed to 1012 firms. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis of the constructs of corporate environmentalism was done to examine the dimensionality of the constructs. The models were tested using path analysis. Top management commitment and the need for competitive advantage emerged as the two key variables that explained corporate environmentalism. Public concern and the threat of legislation indirectly influenced corporate environmentalism through top management commitment. Strategic implications of corporate environmentalism for firms are discussed and a framework for future research on environmental issues facing business is proposed.
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Wang, Ting-Wen, and 王亭文. "Conceptualization of Parental Involvement in Competitive Sports: Measurement Development and Validation." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/9g88et.
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博士國立體育大學
體育研究所
103
In recent years, many studies have documented the roles which parents play in their children’s competitive sports involvement. In particular, parental involvement has been identified as one of the significant factors which influence children’s competitive sports involvement. Past studies on competitive sports have revealed that parental involvement can have both positive and negative effects on children. Nevertheless, even though there is a vast array of empirical research related to parental involvement, measurement instruments which can be used are limited. On the other hand, past studies which examined parental involvement have mainly been based on the Western culture and sports scenarios within, which have yet to be discussed to confirm whether the findings would be valid in Taiwan. In view of this, this study was divided into two phases where the first phase explored the concept of parental involvement in the competitive sports culture in Taiwan using qualitative research method; the second phase used the results of the qualitative research to develop a preliminary scale for parental involvement. Findings of the qualitative research showed that behaviors of parental involvement in competitive sports were driven by the underlying motivations where personal, social and cultural issues were the predisposing factors. Lastly, parental involvement was found to influence children’s cognition, emotions and behaviors; qualitative findings showed that the preliminary scale developed in this study included 4 dimensions, namely directive behavior, negative parenting, courtside behavior and Logistics support. After a series of examinations, the scale showed good usability and reliability. The current study provided a model and a preliminary measurement tool to study parental involvement but more studies are still needed to provide further support in the future.
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OdonchimegMyagmarsuren and 譚濟雪. "Customer Engagement: Conceptualization, Measurement and Application in the Service-Dominant Logic Context." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/47951688270948275455.
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博士國立成功大學
國際經營管理研究所博士班
100
This dissertation focuses on customer-firm relationships derived from both relationship marketing and service-dominant logic perspectives. The first study examines a model integrating customer equity and relationship marketing perspective such as relationship quality and relationship value by examining their dimensions, antecedents, and outcomes. A study applies the model to Taiwan’s telecommunications services industry, which is a business-to-customer relationship environment. Using survey data of a sample of 236 customers, the results in general confirm the following path: images → relationship quality → relationship value → customer loyalty. Several recommendations and promising avenues for future inquiries are also presented. The second study emphasizes the customer engagement construct and identify the antecedents and consequences based on S-D logic perspective. This study empirically tests the developed hypotheses on a sample of 284 banking services customers in Mongolia. The results indicate that customers’ motivation, opportunity (i.e. social identity), and ability (i.e. self-efficacy) are the key drivers of customer engagement towards banking services and products. Specifically, self-efficacy moderates the effect of customer motivation on engagement, while social identity does not moderate. Further results indicate that customer engagement is positively associated with perceived co-created value, satisfaction, and loyalty. In addition, perceived co-created value mediates the relationship between customer engagement and satisfaction. Satisfaction in turn impacts loyalty. This research not only advances our understanding of the antecedents and consequences of customer engagement, but also provides implications and avenues for future research.
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Gonçalves, Maria Joel Lopes. "Spirituality at work: Conceptualization, measurement and impacts. An investigation with Portuguese workers." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/79769.
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Tese de doutoramento em Gestão de Empresas, apresentada à Faculdade de Economia da Universidade de CoimbraSpirituality at work has received growing attention during the last two decades. This field is full of inaccuracies for both academics and practitioners and, the current investigation specifies and tests a comprehensive model for spirituality at work that includes measures, impacts on worker`s attitudes and on individual performance. The first purpose of this investigation is to contribute to a better understanding of the spirituality at work concept, adding a new dimension to the traditional conceptualizations, labeled “emotional balance and inner peace” and comparing both, traditional and new model, testing the impacts of each of these models on individual productivity. The next goal was to investigate how spirituality at work influences workers’ attitudes and individual performance. To understand the relationship between spirituality at work and individual performance, job resourcefulness and organizational affective commitment were used as mediating variables. The last goal was to identify the influence of a spiritual environment, with both spirituality at work and spiritual practices, on individual performance, mediated by job resourcefulness and moderated by affective commitment. The answer to the whole of relationships proposed was drawn from the partial and cumulative results that were tested in the three partial and complementary models developed, corresponding to the three papers produced. To test the proposed research hypotheses, data was collected based on a structured questionnaire, applied in Portugal. Questionnaires were sent out to individual workers and processed using the Internet, 500 workers were emailed and 273 completed questionnaires were returned. Structural equation modeling was used as the statistical tool to test the hypotheses and to provide a significative and parsimonious explanation to the data. The main findings are: the new dimension emotional balance and inner peace concept is a viable construct; the spirituality at work variable fits well as a second-order variable; the impact of spirituality at work on individual productivity can be increased by adding the dimension emotional balance and inner peace; job resourcefulness appears to be a better mediator in the relationship between spirituality at work and individual productivity; spirituality and spiritual practices at work may improve job resourcefulness directly and individual productivity indirectly; affective commitment moderates some of the present relationships of this study; when affective commitment is low, the spirituality environment produces higher outcomes; creating a 7 spiritual environment, spirituality and spiritual practices at work could increase several work related outcomes, like individual productivity, especially when mediated by job resourcefulness. The originality of this investigation comes from the proposed global conceptual model, which offers a new approach to define a spirituality environment based on Maslow`s Theory of Needs and according to the principles of the World Health Organization. This new approach includes: development of a new spirituality at work dimension, emotional balance and inner peace; validity and reliability of Ashmos and Duchon`s scale, including the previous measure; perform of spirituality at work variable as a second-order-variable; development of the spiritual practices at work measure and its impacts on spirituality at work and on job resourcefulness; the direct and indirect effects of spirituality and spiritual practices at work on the workers attitudes and on performance. With these findings we believe that new evidence has been provided in the management field and in the spirituality at work area. This new conceptualization and approach, supported by the global conceptual model can guide the future research in this area, and may provide guidance for practitioners to understand the need to manage organizations using this perspective as a management tool. The development of the measures spiritual practices and emotional balance and inner peace at work reveals to be a viable constructs and could be a relevant find to academic agendas, such seems to be a management instrument to be used as a way to promote and create a spirituality-rich culture. The current research had several limitations such as: independent and dependent variables were collected from the same source; this work is based entirely on perceptions; the concept of SW is itself still object of different approaches and definitions that can affect how the construct is operationalized and measured.
Durante as duas últimas décadas, o conceito espiritualidade no trabalho tem recebido uma atenção crescente. Existem imensas dúvidas entre académicos e gestores, e esta investigação especifica e testa um modelo conceptual para compreender e tornar a espiritualidade no trabalho mensurável, incluindo os impactos nas atitudes e performance dos trabalhadores. O primeiro propósito desta investigação é contribuir efetivamente para o entendimento do conceito da espiritualidade no trabalho, adicionando ao modelo conceptual tradicional uma nova métrica, denominada “equilíbrio emocional e paz interior”, comparando de igual modo os dois modelos, tradicional e novo, testando os impactos de cada um destes modelos na produtividade individual. O objetivo seguinte foi investigar como a espiritualidade no trabalho pode influenciar as atitudes dos trabalhadores e a performance individual. Para compreender a relação que pode ser estabelecida entre a espiritualidade no trabalho e a performance individual as variáveis superação no trabalho e comprometimento afetivo organizacional foram usadas como variáveis mediadoras. Por fim, o último objetivo foi identificar a influência de um ambiente espiritual, incluindo a espiritualidade no trabalho e as práticas espirituais, tendo sido considerada como variável mediadora a superação no trabalho e moderadora o comprometimento afetivo. Todas as relações propostas foram desenvolvidas e testadas através de resultados parciais e cumulativos, resultantes de três modelos conceptuais que se complementam e correspondem aos três artigos produzidos. Para que as hipóteses de investigação fossem testadas, foram recolhidos dados, através de um questionário estruturado, aplicado em Portugal. Os questionários foram enviados via email a 500 trabalhadores e foram recebidas 273 respostas. Foi usado o modelo de equações estrutural como ferramenta estatística, para que a explicação dos dados seja significativa e parcimoniosa. Os resultados são: a nova dimensão “equilíbrio emocional e paz interior” é um constructo viável; a variável espiritualidade no trabalho pode ser tratada como variável de segunda ordem; há um impacto crescente da espiritualidade no trabalho na produtividade individual considerando esta nova dimensão; a superação no trabalho revela ser uma variável mediadora com resultados significativos; a espiritualidade e as práticas espirituais no trabalho têm impacto positivo na superação no trabalho (efeito direto) e na performance individual (efeito indireto); a variável comprometimento afetivo modera algumas das hipóteses de investigação; quando existe um baixo comprometimento afetivo, o ambiente espiritual tem um impacto positivo; um ambiente espiritual pode incrementar diferentes resultados, como a produtividade individual, especialmente quando mediado pela superação no trabalho. A originalidade desta investigação está no desenvolvimento de um novo modelo conceptual com a criação de uma nova métrica para medir a espiritualidade no trabalho. Este modelo conceptual assenta numa nova abordagem para definir o ambiente espiritual, inspirado na Teoria das Necessidades de Maslow, de acordo com os princípios da Organização Mundial da Saúde. Esta abordagem inclui: concepção de uma nova medida para o conceito espiritualidade no trabalho; validade do construto dos autores Ashmos and Duchon; operacionalizaçao do conceito espiritualidade no trabalho como variável de segunda ordem; desenvolvimento de uma escala para medir as práticas para a espiritualidade no trabalho e impactos na espiritualidade no trabalho e na superação no trabalho; efeitos diretos e indiretos do ambiente espiritual nas atitudes e na performance dos trabalhadores. Atendendo aos resultados obtidos, acreditamos que acrescentámos novos desenvolvimentos ao conceito espiritualidade no trabalho. Esta nova conceptualização e abordagem, suportada pelo modelo global conceptual pode representar um guia para os gestores. Ambas as escalas, práticas espirituais e equilíbrio emocional e paz interior, revelaram ser constructos viáveis o que pode representar um resultado relevante para a agenda académica, como instrumentos que promovem ambientes espirituais. São apresentadas as limitações à presente investigação: as variáveis dependentes e independentes foram desenvolvidas através da mesma fonte; o trabalho foi baseado em percepções; a conceptualização torna-se discutível devido à existência de inúmeras definições para o conceito espiritualidade no trabalho.
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Dillon-Marable, Elizabeth. "Conceptualization, measurement, and prediction of computer technology integration in Adult Basic Skills Education." 2004. http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga%5Fetd/dillon-marable%5Felizabeth%5F200405%5Fphd.
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Shen, Wei-Jiun, and 沈緯鈞. "The Conceptualization, Measurement Development and Conceptual Examination of Mo-Chi in Athletic Teams." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/68992189823961418054.
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博士國立體育大學
體育研究所
103
This series of study aimed to explore mo-chi in athletic teams. The first study, according to coaches’ (4 female 5 male, Mage=43.00, SD=9.51) and athletes’ (6 female 3 male, Mage=21.86, SD=1.25) perspectives, conceptualized mo-chi as a dynamics process in which group members coordinate implicitly based on three shared cognitive components: accurate task knowledge, evaluation of each other’s ability, and emotional evaluation of each other. In order to validly reflect the interdependent nature of the three shared cognitive components of mo-chi, the second study developed the mo-chi scale for sport teams (TMSST) which assesses mo-chi based on two direct perceptions (self-perception and other-perception) and two meta-perceptions (relation-inferred self-perception and estimations of teammate’s self-perception). The exploratory factor analysis and item analysis (73 female 124 male, Mage=19.79, SD=1.28) supported the factor structure and item appropriateness of TMSST, and the confirmatory factor analysis and criterion-related examination (139 female 226 male, Mage=20.30, SD=2.08) provided further supportive evidence of psychometric properties of TMSST. In order to confirm whether mo-chi is a valid psychological concept, the third study (274 female 532 male, Mage=20.03, SD=1.43) examined the relationship among mo-chi and its personal, team-related and situational antecedences and cognitive, affeactive and behavioral outcomes. In addition, the third study also examined the mediated effect of mo-chi on the relationship between antecedence and outcome to identify the mechanism of mo-chi in team operation process. The antecedence is comprised of mastery climate, team communication (including acceptance, distinctiveness, positive conflict and negative conflict), as well as athlete’s coachability, and the outcome consisted of collective efficacy, satisfaction, and sport performance. Furthermore, the last study applied six linear combinations (summed socres of self perception and relation-inferred self-perception; other perception and estimations of teammate’s self-perception, on three shared cognitive components) to represent 2 team level perceptions of mo-chi: team’s evaluation on me and team’s evaluation on teammates. It was found that mastery climate and acceptance positively predicted six linear combinations of mo-chi; distinctiveness positively predicted team’s evaluation on my task knowledge and ability, and the team’s evaluation on my teammate’s task knowledge; positive conflict positively predicted team’s evaluation on my and my teammate’s ability, while negative conflict negatively predicted team’s evaluation on my and my teammate’s task knowledge and aility; and coachability positively predicted team’s evaluation on my and my teammate’s task knowledge and aility. The result aslo showed the positive predictive effect from six linear combinations of mo-chi to collective efficacy, and the satisfaction was positively predicted by team’s evaluation on my accurate emotional awareness, as well as on my and my teammate’s task knowledge, and negatively predicted by team’s evaluation on my and my teammate’s ability. In addition, mediated effect of mo-chi on the relations from its antecedences to outcomes was supported. In general, present series of study explored the nature of mo-chi in athletic teams, developed a valid measurement, as well as provided a preliminary evidence of concept validity of mo-chi. Further researches are certainly warranted to establish solider, more complete and empirical-supportive theoretical framework of mo-chi.
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Malecki, Christine Kerres. "The conceptualization and measurement of perceived social support in adolescents a replication and generalization study /." 1996. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/35119882.html.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1996.Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 77-82).
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Mathew, Mary. "Conceptualization And Measurement Of Techno-Oraganizational Change Using Path Analysis : A Quasi Experiment For CNC Technology." Thesis, 1995. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/handle/2005/1871.
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Svensen, Eric Paul. "Reconceptualizing divided government." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/24978.
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In this dissertation, I explain why scholars are unable to conclusively find evidence that divided government is the main determinant of legislative gridlock. I argue this unsettled debate is largely attributable to an imprecise conceptual view of inter-branch tensions, and that these conceptual limitations are exacerbated by unrefined measurement practices. I argue refined measures such as party polarization and gridlock intervals better explain institutional behavior than divided government. Using unique datasets estimating legislator preferences on domestic and foreign policy, findings show that when compared to more refined measures, split-party government is not the sole or even the most important source of partisan conflict. In addition, compared to other studies on divided government, I argue the reason the distinction between unified and divided government is often blurred is that a number of underlying political and institutional pressures make sweeping policy change difficult even for most unified governments. These factors contribute to the public’s growing dissatisfaction with government’s inability to solve many economic and social problems.text
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Chakraborty, Nilanjana Bhaduri. "Conceptualization And Measurement Of Organizational Patent Externalization Potential In R&D : Insights For Organization Design And Practice." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/1085.
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Organizations have realized that they need to develop and strategically utilize their patent portfolios in order to maintain sustainable competitive advantage. This requires a change in the organization design and practice. Prior studies have addressed this in context of increasing patent productivity, i.e., process of filing patents (Shapiro, 1990; Berkowitz, 1993; Ransley and Gaffney, 1997; Chattopadhyay, 2003). But there have been lacunae in addressing issues in organization design and practice for ensuring patent utilization, which forms the focus of this thesis. Patent externalization is defined the process of translating embedded intellectual value of a patent into “externalized” knowledge and financial benefits.
The objectives of the thesis have been to conceptualize a model and measure high and low variances in organizational patent externalization potential, to understand significant organization-level practices that differentiates between organizations having high and low patent externalization potential, to understand differences in organizational perceptions about knowledge and financial orientation of the patent externalization practices in organizations having high and low patent externalization potential and to suggest changes in practices that would enhance organizational patent externalization potential. Towards this purpose, prior literature related to patent productivity and organization change were studied and a conceptual model was developed. The conceptual model outlines that the organizational design components – organizational practices supporting patenting outcomes, competitive intelligence gathering practices and patent commercialization practices alongwith organization and individual moderating variables determine the organizational patent externalization potential. This model was initially verified through exploratory case studies across seven R&D intensive organizations. Variables identified from literature review and initial case studies, were operationally defined and measurement models for the thesis were developed. A questionnaire comprising of 160 items (validated items measuring the aforementioned variables) was designed for conducting the survey research. The measurement scale used was a 5-point Likert-type interval scale. . A Cronbach alpha of 0.82 was obtained for the questionnaire. The sample comprised of professionals from four sectors – pharmaceutical, IT, manufacturing and academia. The sample size was 56 organizations representing 208 professionals. To accommodate the influence of the moderating variables, data was collected from professionals having commercialized patents, whose patents were yet to be commercialized and those having no patent commercialization experience. The statistical techniques used for data analysis were: principal component analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis, discriminant analysis, F-test, t-test and chi-square tests.
This thesis provides insights into various practices and perceptions that are essential design components in enhancing organizational patent externalization potential. These findings have implications for OD managers. The thesis contributes both to the theory of patent management and change management literature. Additionally, the questionnaire designed for this study has potential for being used as a diagnostic tool to assess potential for organizational change. Limitations and future areas of study are also addressed.
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König, Christine [Verfasser]. "Business owners' cultural orientations : conceptualization, measurement, and implications for business success in China and Germany / vorgelegt von Christine König." 2008. http://d-nb.info/989050025/34.
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Scheibe, Susanne [Verfasser]. "Longing ("Sehnsucht") as a new lifespan concept : a developmental conceptualization and its measurement in adulthood / vorgelegt von Susanne Scheibe." 2005. http://d-nb.info/975594397/34.
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Ramukumba, Mokholelana Margaret. "Pain assessment in a culturally diverse united Arab emirates context." Diss., 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/2303.
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The need for nurses to become culturally competent is well documented in transcultural nursing literature. The subjective multidimensional nature of pain makes it imperative for nurses to use assessment methods that are culturally congruent. This study set out to explore the differences and similarities in conceptualization, experience, expression and management of pain between nurses and clients in the United Arab Emirates. The purpose of the study was to develop guidelines in the cultural pain assessment in the UAE context. The findings confirmed that nurses rely on biomedical approaches in assessment and relief of pain; clients were found to rely on the family for emotional support and on nurses for pharmacological interventions. Clients used sensory descriptors, and analogy when describing pain, nurses relied on the technical background and experience. Religious factors had a significant impact on clients' pain behavior. This study offers nurses new insights into cultural assessment of pain.Health Studies
M. A. (Health Studies)
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Nare, Lerato. "Evaluation of community water quality monitoring and management practices, and conceptualization of a participatory model : a case study of Luvuvhu Catchment, South Africa." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/388.
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Tsai, Pei-Min, and 蔡沛旻. "Conceptualizations And Measurement ofRecreationist-Environment Fit." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/55864982431206113834.
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碩士高雄餐旅學院
旅遊管理研究所
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This paper presents a concept of recreationist-environment fit that using person-environment (P-E) fit theory to provide the new perspective on recreation research. The P-E fit perspective is criticized as the interaction of the person and the environment. In a recreation activity, recreationists have to engage in the activity in particular environment, and the environment fit or misfit which recreationist perceived might affect theirs recreation experiences. This research through literature review and deep-interview, develop initial constructs and questionnaire’s items.Through EFA the research findings show 36 itemss and reveal 7 constructs to describe recreationist and environment fit. And further through CFA to inspect scale model. Finally, this process findings show 18 itemss and reveal 7 constructs to the scale model.This research expects to provide not only a different perspective on the field of recreation activities but also suggestions for academic research and managerial applications.
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Ellison, Brandy J. "Does getting A's really matter? a conceptualization of grades as a measure of educational outcomes /." 2008. http://etd.nd.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-10252008-100518/.
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