Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Concerning moral good and evil'

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Comparative Media Studies, 2007.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 90-92).
Despite an increasingly complex academic discourse, the videogame medium lacks an agreed-upon definition. Its relationship to previous media is somewhat unclear, and the unique attributes of the medium have not yet been fully catalogued. Drawing on theory suggesting that videogames can convey ideas, I will argue that the videogame medium is capable of modeling and critiquing elements of moral philosophy in a unique manner. To make this argument, I first address a number of questions about the proper definition of videogames, how games in general and videogames specifically convey ideas, and how games can be constructed to form arguments. Having defined my terms, I will conduct case studies on three games (Fable, Command & Conquer: Generals, and The Punisher), clarifying how the design of each could be modified to address a specific philosophical issue.
by Peter E. Rauch.
S.M.

Thesis (M.A.)--Georgia State University, 2006.
Title from title screen. Melissa Merritt, committee chair; Andrew Altman, Andrew J. Cohen, committee members. Electronic text (44 p.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed Apr. 19, 2007. Includes bibliographical references.

PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
Baseado nas leituras dos textos de Kant referentes ao conceito de Selbstliebe, traduzido para o português por de amor de si, amor a si e amor próprio, a dissertação procura dar conta dos diferentes sentidos nos quais o termo é empregado, bem como elucidar a relação possível de ser estabelecida entre esses sentidos e o conceito de autoestima, de amor e de moralidade no progresso moral do ser humano. Comumente entendido como um obstáculo à moralidade, buscaremos comprovar a hipótese de que a Selbstliebe é antes um fator vital para o progresso moral da humanidade.
Based on the readings of Kant s texts regarding the concept of Selbstliebe, translated into Portuguese as love for oneself, and self-love, the dissertation seeks to analyze the different senses in which the term is used, as well as elucidate the possible relationship to be established between these senses and the concepts of self-esteem, of love and morality in the moral progress of the human being. Commonly understood as an obstacle to morality, we seek to prove the hypothesis that Selbstliebe is vital to the moral progress of humanity.

Orientador: Marcos Lutz Muller
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo: A tese examina a doutrina do mal radical em Kant. Nas duas primeiras partes, é feita uma reconstrução do argumento de kantiano, tal como desenvolvido na primeira parte da Religião nos Limites da Simples Razão.Também são discutidas as teses da Religião tendo em vista sua consistência com os conceitos fundamentais da filosofia moral apresentada nas obras Fundamentação da Metafisica dos Costumes e Critica da Razão Prática. Na terceira parte, argumenta-se a favor de uma leitura segundo a qual o mal radical deve figurar ao lado do conceito de dever em termos de dignidade conceitual dentro da filosofia prática de Kant. Criticam-se assim as leituras teológicas e antropológicas acerca do lugar e do papel da teoria kantiana do mal moral
Abstract: Not informed.
Doutorado
Doutor em Filosofia

Orientador: Oswaldo Giacoia Junior
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo: Aplicamos o conceito matemático de grandeza negativa como um recurso que elucida aspectos da filosofia moral de Schopenhauer. Uma grandeza é negativa relativamente à outra, na medida em que só pode ser reunida a ela por oposição, quando uma suprime da outra o equivalente a si mesma. Utilizamos esse conceito para tratar da oposição entre as motivações, com o objetivo de evidenciar que um motivo leva à ação conforme suprime a influência, sobre o caráter, do motivo oposto. Também fizemos uso desse conceito para esclarecer a oposição entre a afirmação e a negação da vontade. Partindo da distinção entre nihil negativum e nihil privativum, adotada por Schopenhauer para tratar do nada que resulta da negação da vontade, mostramos que a vontade se nega à proporção que suprime o seu modo de afirmação anterior
Abstract: We apply the mathematic concept of negative magnitude as a resource that elucidates Schopenhauer¿s aspects of moral philosophy. A magnitude is negative related to another as long it can be joint to it in opposition, when one suppresses the equivalent of itself from the other. We use this concept to deal with the opposition between the motivations, in order to realize that a motive leads to the action as it suppresses the opposite motive influence, on the character. We made use of this concept to elucidate the opposition between the affirmation and denial of will as well. Starting from the distinction between nihil negativum and nihil privativum, adopted by Schopenhauer to deal with nil resulted from the denial of will, we demonstrate that will is denied as it suppresses its previous affirmation mode
Mestrado
Mestre em Filosofia

Esta dissertação trata da constituição da noção de Psicologia em Para Além de Bem e Mal. O conceito de psicologia constitui um elemento chave para compreendermos os escritos de maturidade de Nietzsche porque está diretamente associado à hipótese da vontade de poder. Defendemos que a psicologia nietzscheana se apresenta como uma crítica à concepção moderna de sujeito. No lugar da noção moderna de subjetividade o filósofo destaca a relevância das instâncias infraconscientes na determinação da dinâmica e estruturação dos corpos. Ao enfatizar esse "mundo interior" Nietzsche nos conduz a uma nova interpretação acerca da moral._________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT: This is a dissertation on the constitution of the notion of Psychology in Beyond Good and Evil. The concept of psychology is a key element to the understanding of Nietzsche?s mature writings for it is directly associated to the hypothesis of will to power. We reclaim that the nietzschean psychology presents itself as a critique to the modern conception of subject. Instead of the modern notion of subjectivity Nietzsche highlights the importance of infra-conscient instances in the determination of the dynamics and structures of bodies. On emphasizing this "inner world" Nietsche drives us to a new interpretation concerning morals.

A imagem de Camilo Castelo Branco é, em geral, vinculada a romances de cariz sentimental e moralizante. Acredita-se, por vezes, que essas narrativas, supostamente ocupadas pela temática amorosa, não comportam discussões de ordem histórica, política ou filosófica. Contudo, se se observar como o romancista dialoga com as muitas teorias filosóficas e literárias formuladas no século XVIII e XIX, bem como com os eventos políticos do mesmo período, percebe-se que se trata de um escritor consciente do universo sócio-cultural do qual fazia parte. De fato, no vasto legado literário do autor de São Miguel de Ceide encontramos um retrato da sociedade oitocentista, que é analisada sobretudo no que concerne ao aspecto moral. A partir da principal instituição burguesa, a família, Camilo discorre acerca da moral, mostrando que mães, pais e filhos que segundo a ideologia dos teóricos oriundos da Revolução Francesa deveriam cumprir diferentes papéis dentro do lar, a fim de contribuir para a moralização social - aderem ou refutam os conceitos pré-estabelecidos de acordo com suas necessidades. Vê-se a mesma adaptação quando se trata dos membros da Igreja. Com efeito, os padres e freiras dos romances camilianos, normalmente, não respeitam as leis do cristianismo, nem tampouco a moral difundida pela burguesia; quando o fazem, em raras ocasiões, é somente para conseguirem benefícios individuais. Nesse sentido, Camilo Castelo Branco denuncia que, na sociedade que representa, a moral está a serviço das conveniências.
Camilo Castelo Branco\'s image is, in general, bound to sentimental and moral relating novels. It is believed, at times, that these narratives, supposedly exclusively about the love theme, do no deal with historical, political or philosophical discussions. However, if the manner that the novelist dialogues with the many philosophical and literary theories formulated in the 18th and 19th centuries is taken into consideration, as well as the political events from the same period, it is perceived that he was aware of the social and cultural environment in which he was part of. In fact, in the vast legacy of the author of Sao Miguel de Ceide we find a portrait of the 19th century society, which is analyzed especially on the moral aspect. From the main bourgeois institution, that is, the family, Camilo writes about the moral, showing that mothers, fathers and children - which according to the ideology from the French Revolution theorists everyone should perform different roles at home in order to contribute to the social moralization - are pro or con the pre-established concepts according to their needs. The same adaptation is seen when it is about the members of church. Priests and nuns from Camilo\'s novels, indeed, do not usually respect Christianity rules, not even the moral diffused by the bourgeoisie; when they do, in rare occasions, it is only in order to obtain personal benefits. This way, Camilo Castelo Branco denounces that the society that represents the moral works only for personal interests.

Orientador: Oswaldo Giacoia Junior
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo: Esta dissertação trata da constituição da noção de Psicologia em Para Além de Bem e Mal. O conceito de psicologia constitui um elemento chave para compreendermos os escritos de maturidade de Nietzsche porque está diretamente associado à hipótese da vontade de poder. Defendemos que a psicologia nietzscheana se apresenta como uma crítica à concepção moderna de sujeito. No lugar da noção moderna de subjetividade o filósofo destaca a relevância das instâncias infraconscientes na determinação da dinâmica e estruturação dos corpos. Ao enfatizar esse "mundo interior" Nietzsche nos conduz a uma nova interpretação acerca da moral
Abstract: This is a dissertation on the constitution of the notion of Psychology in Beyond Good and Evil. The concept of psychology is a key element to the understanding of Nietzsche¿s mature writings for it is directly associated to the hypothesis of will to power. We reclaim that the nietzschean psychology presents itself as a critique to the modern conception of subject. Instead of the modern notion of subjectivity Nietzsche highlights the importance of infra-conscient instances in the determination of the dynamics and structures of bodies. On emphasizing this ¿inner world¿ Nietsche drives us to a new interpretation concerning morals
Mestrado
Filosofia Contemporanea
Mestre em Filosofia

博士
國立臺灣大學
外國語文學研究所
104
Paradise Lost is a unique text in that responses to Milton’s epic have not evolved in line with trends in literary theory, and instead rehash the three hundred year old disagreement on whether Milton’s Satan is, in any sense, either by accident or deliberation, the hero of the story. This dialogue, like the biblical story of the Garden of Eden on which the epic is based, centers on the theme of temptation: in Paradise Lost Satan’s deliberate and malicious destruction of Adam and Eve seems to guarantee his guilt, yet it is hard not to sympathize with the heroic passion of Satan’s daring odyssey. Many modern critics read this as exactly the genius of Paradise Lost, that it is a seductive text, and that Milton’s Satan must be resisted. On the other hand, it’s easy to argue that this orthodox reading is medieval—a duty towards obedience to inherited wisdom and the strict containment of your own passionate tendencies; and that this reading is also completely at odds with the liberal, Faustian values of contemporary society. In this thesis, after exploring the orthodox response to Paradise Lost (and the reaction it generates), I’ll demonstrate how Milton’s writings are symptomatic of an ethical inversion in Western culture, which first caused Satan to be celebrated (as a symbol for revolutionary politics) and later condemned (as humanity confronted the depths of its unrestrained depravity). After tracing how responses to the character of Satan have evolved in literature and entertainment in line with political sympathies, my original contribution to knowledge will be a comparative reading of Paradise Lost through the lens of postmodern thought and existentialism as Satan’s over-proximity with the Real (the abyss of freedom creates anxiety which demands action). Satan’s crisis of identity can be divided into three major shifts: the development of subjectivity through a crisis of alienation; his resistance to a totalizing power discourse that defines his being; and his ultimate failure to exempt himself from the systemic order that relied on his transgression. The aim of this thesis will be to show how universally modern thinkers agree on the concept of evil as a negation of what is, in favor of anything else but this—a negation that is paradoxically the source of all human liberty and creativity (which nevertheless leads to death); and also to demonstrate how the silencing of so-called satanic elements allows and perpetuates social injustice and the marginalization of minority voices.

Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Psicologia apresentada à Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação
Neste estudo analisa-se a competência do bebé para compreender a intenção das ações de outros indivíduos e realizar escolhas relativas aos parceiros sociais, capacidade que poderá anteceder o desenvolvimento moral.O presente trabalho tem dois principais objetivos. O primeiro é analisar a competência de atribuir valência a ações, distinguindo entre as boas e as más. O segundo propõe-se a analisar de forma exploratória os instrumentos de Hamlin et al. (2007; 2011) de modo a compreender se estes se adequam à avaliação dessa competência.O design exploratório recorre a uma amostra de 10 bebés entre os 6 e os 12 meses, replicando os estudos de Hamlin, Wynn e Bloom (2007; 2011), do Departamento de Psicologia da Universidade de Yale (EUA). A presente investigação tem como base um estudo empírico no qual se replicam três instrumentos decorrentes dos estudos e prática clínica de Hamlin (2007; 2011). A investigadora, em conjunto com outros colaboradores, Wynn (2007; 2011) e com o Bloom (2007) tiveram como maior propósito compreender as origens do comportamento de avaliação social, que realizamos em adultos, de modo a perceber como este surge e como se desenvolve ao longo do crescimento do ser humano. Os instrumentos utilizados avaliam a discriminação entre o bem e o mal na fase pré-verbal do bebé. Os instrumentos consistem na apresentação de três cenários, onde ocorrem interações entre duas personagens com ações antagónicas (boa e má). Após repetidas observações, são apresentadas as personagens, com a intenção de que o bebé escolha entre ambas.Os resultados obtidos são consistentes com os estudos originais, sendo possível afirmar que o instrumento poderá fornecer indicadores relativos a uma aparente capacidade de distinção entre as ações das personagens.
This study analyses the baby’s competence to comprehend intentions behind others’ actions and, through it, choose social partners. This predisposition might be stablished as an antecedent to moral development.The present study's two main goals. The first one consists on the analysis the competence of valence attribution to actions, differentiating the good ones from the bad ones. The second one assesses, in an exploratory way, the applied instruments in terms of its adequacy to evaluate that competence.Methodological design implies a sample of 10 babies, with ages raging from 6 to 12 months, and it replicates of Hamlin, Wynn and Bloom’s studies (2007; 2011) in the Psychology Department of the University of Yale (USA). The present investigation is based on an empirical study in which are replicated three instruments from Hamlin's clinical practice (2007; 2011). Hamlin, together with Wynn (2007; 2011) and Bloom (2007) had as a major concern understanding the origins of social evaluation behavior, that we have as adults, in order to comprehend how this emerges and develops throughout human development. The instruments assess the ability to differentiate between good and evil in the pre-verbal stage, and consist on a presentation of three scenarios, in which occur interactions between two different characters, one acting good and another acting bad, towards a main character. After repeated presentations, those two characters are presented, and the baby must choose one of them.The results are consistent with the original studies, which allows us to affirm that this instrument might provide markers related to the ability to differentiate between the characters’ actions.

The thesis consists of two main parts. The first part focuses on the ethical values in the Old and New Testament. At the beginning basic concepts are defined, that are essential for the thesis and are related to ethics and moral evaluation. The first part centres on the important events that shaped society and that come from The Bible (Creation, The Ten Commandments, God's contracts with the nation of Israel, the life of Jesus Christ, the parables, The Sermon on the Mount and The Lord's Prayer). The thesis also compares these values with the philosophy of Socrates and then with the approach, that Jan Amos Comenius offered in his work. The second part analyzes views of Christian ethical values today : whether there is a need to know these values, why we should strive for their observance, whether they are current and whether people (Christians and atheists ) honor and follow them. On the basis of the second section I conclude, that our culture is formed under the strong influence of Christianity, these values are still held and are considered important for the functioning of human relationships and society. Although it may seem that these values are not held today, they are still an ideal within our culture and people are trying to achieve them in their lifes.

The thesis deals with the interpretation of Series of Unfortunate Events written by an American author Lemony Snicket and Joanne K. Rowling´s story about Harry Potter. The analysis is focused on the moral and ethical aspects of individual motifs and symbols, as well as on the importance of human values in the behaviour of main characters. Some of the main protagonist were analysed according to their ability to spread good or evil, and therefore their influence on the young reader. The most important aspect was the good will of characters according to the principles of Lévinas' ethics while the self-sacrifice of the heroes is considered the highest moral value.

The paper thematizes the concept of science in mid- and late thinking of Friedrich Nietzsche in the context of his understanding of scientific cognition of both: human and its world. The study introduces the problem of science and cognition in general in connection with significant motives of Nietzsche's thinking: morality, the revaluation of all values, thinking and living "beyond good and evil", freedom, human body, the superhuman motive, ascetic ideals, and more. Emphasis is put on the problem of veracity in the context of Nietzsche's attitude to idealism. Keywords Human; Superhuman; Nietzsche; Moral Philosophy; Cognition; Truth; Error; Intelect; Body; The Will to Power; Drive and Instinct; Evolution; Idealism; Nihilism; Amor fati; Beyond Good and Evil; Freedom; Ascetic ideals