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1
Graham, Christopher A. "Baptism in Irenaeus of Lyons: Testimony to and Participation with the Triune God." Perichoresis 17, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 65–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/perc-2019-0011.
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Abstract Irenaeus of Lyons wrote Demonstration of the Apostolic Preaching (Epideixis) to encourage his readers of the solidity of their faith, especially as this faith was connected to baptism under the threefold seal: Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. The threefold nature of the baptismal formula drives Irenaeus’ discussion in Epid. 3-7 and is the point with which he concludes the work, saying, ‘error, concerning the three heads of our seal, has caused much straying from the truth’ (Epid. 100). Irenaeus structures the intervening chapters to show how Christian baptism is both a testimony to and participation with the Triune God referenced in the baptismal formula. The lack of explicit structural markers within the body of the text has resulted in a neglect of the trinitarian character of its structure. This article explores the manner in which Irenaeus of Lyons’ Demonstration provides insight into his understanding of the nature and activity of the Triune God based on his conviction that Christian baptism is both a testimony to and a participation with that Triune God.
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RESNICK, IRVEN M. "ALBERT THE GREAT ON NATURE AND THE PRODUCTION OF HERMAPHRODITES: THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS." Traditio 74 (2019): 307–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/tdo.2019.10.
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Despite its rarity, hermaphroditism is often discussed in medieval texts in theoretical and practical contexts by canonists, theologians, and natural philosophers. For the canonist or theologian, hermaphroditism raised questions concerning baptism, marriage, entry to clerical orders, and legal status. For the natural philosopher, the hermaphrodite seemed to violate the strict dichotomy of male and female. Here I examine Albert the Great's natural-philosophical treatment of hermaphroditism. Albert rejects the view that hermaphrodites constitute a “third sex” and instead invokes Aristotle's authority to show that hermaphrodites are a “monstrous” flaw in nature. He carefully investigates the manner in which nature produces hermaphrodites in the womb and introduces a discussion of the generative capacity of hermaphrodites themselves. He concludes that they are incapable of reproducing in and of themselves (i.e., they are incapable of auto-fecundation) although they seem able to generate in another individual through coition.
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Nguyen, Quoc Son. "Bifurcation and Stability in Dissipative Media (Plasticity, Friction, Fracture)." Applied Mechanics Reviews 47, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3111068.
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This paper addresses stability and bifurcation analysis for common systems of solids in the framework of plasticity, of friction and of fracture mechanics. Although physically different, usual time-independent laws adopted in these domains lead to a certain mathematical similarity concerning the quasi-static behaviour of materials and structures. These mechanical systems can be described practically in the same mathematical manner concerning their quasi-static evolution and in particular concerning the stability of their response. Our objective is to present within this framework a review of principal results of the recent literature on these subjects in relation with some energy-related considerations and with an unified description based upon energy and dissipation analysis.
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Popescu, Ioan, Nicoleta-Monica Lohan, Constantin Baciu, Alin-Marian Cazac, and Elena-Raluca Baciu. "The subjects of the offenses to the norms on safety and health at work and the social and organizational effects specific to companies conducting mining activities." MATEC Web of Conferences 305 (2020): 00082. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202030500082.
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The offenses concerning safety and health at work have no material object, their constitutive content including: the object and subject of the offense, the objective and subjective side of the offense. The active subjects of an offense have a legal obligation to apply and control the implementation of occupational safety and health measures and the passive subjects will bear the consequences of the occurrence of specific events. The existence of some uncertainties in the current legislation, also affecting mining companies, creates legal disputes especially in relation to the issues concerning active subjects. As for the passive subjects, the legal loophole refers to the situation of the day-labourers who may be involved in accidents at work and occupational illnesses. The authors consider it is necessary to formulate new law articles for clarification and even to draw up a future law with concrete reference to day-labourers, but also to some new risk sensitive social groups. Thus, the egal work relationships: the manner of performing the work, its remuneration and subordination to the beneficiary carrying out mining activities, will also be specified.
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Radulovic, Sinisa. "Good clinical practice: International quality standard for clinical trials." Serbian Dental Journal 50, no. 1 (2003): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sgs0301034r.
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A clinical trial is one of the most important examples of experimental studies. Clinical trials represent an indispensable tool for testing, in a rigorous scientific manner, the efficacy of new therapies. Good Clinical Practice is an international ethical and scientific quality standard for clinical trials, concerning the design, conduct, performance, monitoring auditing, recording, analysis and reporting. This is an assurance to the public that the rights, safety and well-being of trial subjects are protected, and that clinical trial data is credible. The above definitions are consistent with the principles that have their origin in the declaration of Helsinki. The objectives of Good Clinical Practice are to protect the rights of trial subjects, to enhance credibility of data and to improve the quality of science.
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Sörensson, Erika, and Hildur Kalman. "Care and concern in the research process: meeting ethical and epistemological challenges through multiple engagements and dialogue with research subjects." Qualitative Research 18, no. 6 (November 30, 2017): 706–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468794117743466.
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By addressing a case of data collection strategies applied in research on Thai migration to the Swedish wild-berry industry, this article argues for how a feminist approach based on care and concern for research subjects both safeguards ethical concerns and promotes good knowing. The data collection procedures were designed in a step-by-step manner, including the research subjects as much as possible at different times and in different ways in an attempt to create preconditions for a more inclusive production of knowledge. In-depth interviews, participant observation, photo documentation and group interviews were used, which facilitated the possibility to understand the content and meanings of wild-berry picking from the workers’ points of view. Through prolonged contact, including repeated encounters and dialogue with research subjects, in-depth knowledge was produced concerning Thai migrations to Sweden, as migration was set in relation to the migrants’ life courses and living conditions.
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Anderson-Gold, Sharon. "Philosophers of Peace: Hobbes and Kant on International Order." Hobbes Studies 25, no. 1 (2012): 6–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187502512x639588.
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In their theories of international order, Hobbes and Kant are not as far apart as earlier interpreters have claimed. Both consider peace between states and mutual respect for their sovereign independence to be necessary for securing domestic order. For both Hobbes and Kant, order arises from the very “independency” of states in a manner that is different from the independence of individuals in a state of nature. Both regard the independency of states and their commitment to the prosperity of their subjects as principles that support a long-term orientation toward peaceable cooperation. The most significance difference between Hobbes and Kant concerning international order arises from Kant’s attributing to individuals a cosmopolitan right that makes the international order more subject to potential conflict concerning the rights of individuals, but also gives his theory a stronger normative framework for the development of shared norms than what is found in Hobbes’s political theory.
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Hayashi, M., M. Numaguchi, H. Watabe, and Y. Yaoi. "High blood levels of macrophage colony-stimulating factor in preeclampsia." Blood 88, no. 12 (December 15, 1996): 4426–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v88.12.4426.bloodjournal88124426.
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In pregnancy, the decidual cells produce and secrete large amounts of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF). M-CSF stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of trophoblasts. In addition, it stimulates them in a dose-dependent manner to produce certain hormones, such as human chorionic gonadotropin and human placental lactogen. Based on these facts, M-CSF is considered to be an essential cytokine for placental maintenance. Because placental dysfunction may sometimes result from preeclampsia, ascertaining blood M-CSF levels in preeclamptic patients would be of interest. The blood was collected from 33 subjects, of whom 19 were normal pregnant women and 14 were preeclamptic patients. The M-CSF level was determined by the sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method using three antibodies. The investigators measured peripheral blood M-CSF levels in preeclamptic subjects and compared them with levels in subjects with normal pregnancies. This study showed that peripheral blood M-CSF levels were significantly higher in preeclamptic patients in the 30th and 38th weeks of pregnancy (P < .005). This is the first report concerning high M-CSF blood levels in preeclamptic patients.
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Baritz, Mihaela, Laura Diana Cotoros, and Daniela Barbu. "Analysis and Simulation of Gait Types with Blocked Joints." Applied Mechanics and Materials 658 (October 2014): 407–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.658.407.
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The analysis of gait cycle represents for the professional in biomechanical field a source of information concerning the normality status, comfort degree in carrying out various activities, existence and manifestation of some loco-motor malfunctions, manner and degree of recovery/rehabilitation after surgery and many other applications. From this point of view, computerized simulation with respect to the anthropometric dimensions and the type of action represents an efficient and flexible manner for analysis and evaluation or even for creating a comparative algorithm between different situations or stages of motions performed by the locomotion system. Thus, some general aspects concerning the human locomotion system, the physiological and anatomical limits are presented in the first part of the paper. The analysis and simulation methodology for various gait types, also the experimental system used for recording and then processing the data obtained from these simulations are described in the second part of the paper. In order to complete the developed structure, these options of gait cycle were simulated by the computer, using dedicated software, either by blocking the hip joint or the knee joint, then they were correlated with the normal ones. The results and conclusions of these simulations and recordings on a target group of 10 subjects without locomotion malfunctions but simulating the blocked joints were presented in the final part of the paper.
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Polovina, Nada. "Applied research of attachment theory." Zbornik Instituta za pedagoska istrazivanja 38, no. 1 (2006): 78–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zipi0601078p.
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The paper aims to throw light in what manner the theory of attachment can be applied in practice. The following applied studies act as intermediaries connecting theory and practice: (a) studies concerning the place and the role of attachment in partnership, parental and family functioning; (b) those concerning attachment and dysfunctional forms of behavior and (c) those concerning counseling and therapeutic applications of the attachment theory. In the paper these are illustrated by concrete research subjects and approaches. Main findings have been put in relation with the field of practical application. In the final part of the work, the author deals with the nature, the dynamics and the phases of relation between knowledge gained through theoretical research and its application in practical work. The author draws the conclusion that the relation between theory and practice, in the field of the attachment theory, is in the phase of early development characterized by asymmetric developmental levels and unidirectional influence. Highly developed theory enriches the practice by providing the basis for understanding the development and close relations; practice validates theory and its usability. However, the level of mutual influence where the practice of direct work with individuals would shape the theory has not been reached.
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Stoate, Robin. "‘We’re not programmed, we’re people’: Figuring the caring computer." Feminist Theory 13, no. 2 (August 2012): 197–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464700112442646.
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This article intervenes in feminist theories concerning the politics of care, reading this contested notion through its representation in an ‘artificial’ relationship between a human clone and a computer in the science fiction film Moon (dir. Duncan Jones, 2009). Drawing on Joan Tronto’s work (1993), I delineate a conventional, vernacular conception of care, which puts in place problematic, prescriptive roles in caring relationships. Then, reading Moon through Donna Haraway’s theorisation of companion species (2008) and what she terms the ‘touching’ of material histories and contingencies, I show how these hierarchies may be unravelled. This figure of the caring computer represents a capacity for affective impact upon human subjects that is not normally ascribed to ‘emotionless’ technological subjects. It animates a disruption of the linear, instrumental relationships of power between humans and technologies by showing the ways in which ongoing processes of co-constitution are responsible for bringing each participant in the relationship into being. Care here is a manner of activating and making conspicuous those processes and can unravel, rather than prescribe, the roles which respective participants in such relationships are assigned.
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Febrinayanti Dantes, Komang, and I. Gusti Ayu Apsari Hadi. "Dasar Hukum Bea Perolehan Hak Atas Tanah Dan Bangunan (BPHTB) Di Badan Pengelolaan Keuangan Dan Pendapatan Daerah (BPKPD) Kabupaten Buleleng." Jurnal Komunikasi Hukum (JKH) 7, no. 1 (February 17, 2021): 486. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/jkh.v7i1.32322.
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This study aims to analyze the legal basis for the acquisition of land and building rights fees in Buleleng Regency. This research is a type of legal research with empirical juridical studies because this research deals with data. This research took place in Singaraja City, especially in the Regional Government Financial Management Agency (BPKPD) Buleleng Regency. Data were collected using observation and interview methods. The data analysis was conducted in a descriptive qualitative manner. Based on the results of the analysis, the legal basis for the Acquisition Fee for Land and Building Rights is relevant to the Regulation of the Minister of Finance, the collection of Fees for Acquisition of Land and Building Rights (BPHTB) is entirely carried out by the regions, this is due to policies on objects, subjects, rates, and tax bases fully stipulated by the Regional Government and adapted to the conditions and objectives of regional development. This policy is adjusted to the Regional Regulation of Buleleng Regency Number 1 of 2011 concerning Law Number 28 of 2009 concerning Regional Taxes and Regional Retributions for the regulation of the imposition of local taxes on Fees for Acquiring Rights on Land and Buildings (BPHTB).
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Sukiyat, Sukiyat, and Abdul Munip. "INTEGRATING MATARAMAN CULTURE INTO ISLAMIC MANNER EDUCATION IN MI MA'ARIF PLAMPANG KULONPROGO SPECIAL PROVINCE OF YOGYAKARTA." Sunan Kalijaga International Journal on Islamic Educational Research 2, no. 2 (April 6, 2019): 65–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/skijier.2018.2018.22.04.
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Regulation of Kulon Progo Regent number 65 of 2017 concerning strengthening character education confirms that Mataraman culture must be part of the learning program at the elementary school, including the Madrasah Ibtidaiyah as an Islamic-based education. This article aims to describe how the integration of Mataraman culture in Islamic manners education at MI Ma'arif Plampang Kulon Progo in the implementation of classroom learning and its application in madrasas, using a differentiated integrative learning model. This research is qualitative. MI Ma'arif Plampang integrates the Mataraman culture and Islamic manners education based on the guidelines for strengthening character education regulated by the Regent of Kulon Progo, by emphasizing mutual respect according to the morals taught in the Islamic religion. The teaching material of Mataraman culture that is integrated into Islamic manners education is unggah-ungguh basa of Javanese language and literature with subjects of akidah-akhlak (Islamic creeds and morality). The developed values are religious values, courtesy, respect and obedience to others. Supporting factors include government policies regarding the use of traditional Javanese clothing in the style of Yogyakarta every Thursday Pahing, the quality of teachers and facilities for madrasa infrastructure, although there are inhibiting factors, namely inconsistent behavior from teachers and outsiders to the mixed culture.
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Becker, Peter. "Decency and Respect. New Perspectives on Emotional Bonds between State and Citizens." Administory 3, no. 1 (December 31, 2018): 80–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/adhi-2018-0036.
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Abstract The 1850s were witness to several forms of emotion management in the Habsburg monarchy, among them the prohibition of writing to the authorities in a defamatory manner. The so-called law against defamatory speech was one of many initiatives which contributed to the generation, exploitation, control and containment of emotions towards the state. As this law remains in force today, it provides an excellent starting point for an exploration into continuities and changes concerning ›feeling rules‹ for encounters between subjects and the state. My chapter explores these rules through the lens of the administrative court, where acceptable criticism had to be clearly demarcated from defamatory speech acts. Looking at these proceedings, it is evident that emotional work routines are missing in the public service. Therefore, citizens were and still are required to keep their emotions under control and react to provocative acts by public officials in strictly rational terms.
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McNaughton, Lars, Brad Dalton, and Janine Tarr. "Inosine Supplementation Has No Effect on Aerobic or Anaerobic Cycling Performance." International Journal of Sport Nutrition 9, no. 4 (December 1999): 333–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsn.9.4.333.
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The two basic aims of this study were to add to the limited literature concerning Inosine as an ergogenic aid, and to determine the effects of Inosine supplementation over a period of 5 and 10 days, at a dosage of 10,000 mg · d−1 on measures associated with aerobic and anaerobic performance. Seven trained, volunteer male subjects (body mass = 63.0 ± 8.7 kg, VO2max = 61.9 + 3.3 ml ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1) participated in this study. The subjects completed three test sessions, each comprising three tests (5 × 6-s sprint, 30-s sprint, and 20-min time trial). Supplementation was carried out in a random, double-blind manner, and the test sessions were undertaken prior to (Baseline, B), on Day 6, and on Day 11. Blood was sampled prior to supplementation as well as on Days 6 and 11 and was analyzed for uric acid and 2,3 DPG. An analysis of the data indicated no performance benefit of supplementation and no improvement in 2,3 DPG concentration. Uric acid concentration increased significantly after both Days 6 and 11 (p < 0.03 and p < 0.004, respectively). It is concluded that Inosine has no ergogenic effects but may cause possible health problems if taken over long periods of time.
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Buttera, Martina, Antonio Clavenna, Lucia Tansini, Erica Maselli, Alessandro Albizzati, Maria Paola Canevini, and Maurizio Bonati. "Evaluation of Psychotropic Drug Use in Adolescents Accessing a General Emergency Medical Department for Mental Disorders." Adolescents 1, no. 1 (November 24, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/adolescents1010001.
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Background: Given the paucity of data concerning the care of adolescents attending an emergency department (ED) for mental disorders, we performed an observational study with the aim to describe psychotropic drug use in an Italian ED. Methods: A retrospective chart review of adolescents (13–17 years) visited in the ED of the San Paolo University Hospital in Milan for mental disorders between January and June 2018 was conducted. Information concerning age, gender, type of disorder, psychotropic drug use in the ED and outcome of the visit were analyzed, using an anonymous patient code. Results: A total of 1298 adolescents, 13–17 years old, were visited in the ED, 56 (4%) of whom had a diagnosis of mental disorder (34 females and 22 males). The most common disorder was anxiety (21 patients), followed by predominant psychomotor disorder (13 patients). In all, 30 adolescents received a psychotropic drug. Benzodiazepines were the most commonly used drugs (73% of the subjects), and delorazepam was administered/prescribed to 17 adolescents, despite the fact that evidence on its safety, efficacy, and its off-label use in the pediatric population is lacking. Conclusions: One out of two adolescents attending the ED for an acute episode of mental disorder received a psychotropic drug prescription, mainly in an off-label manner. More evidence is needed to guide the pharmacological management of acute episodes of mental disorders.
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Wofford, J. C. "Experimental Examination of the Contingency Model and the Leader-Environment-Follower Interaction Theory of Leadership." Psychological Reports 56, no. 3 (June 1985): 823–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1985.56.3.823.
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The intent of this paper was to examine basic hypotheses of Fiedler's contingency theory concerning the relationship of situational variables with the effectiveness of leadership styles. The paper also examines the content validity of the LPC scale. In addition the paper tests the basic position of the Leader-Environment-Follower Interaction (LEFI) Theory that leaders' facilitation of followers' ability, goals, role perception, and environment yields increased performance. The subjects included 107 female and 149 male students from introductory classes in management. 64 were selected as leaders and were trained to behave in a manner designed to vary the LEFI Theory variables. An assembly-simulation task was performed by the followers. Fiedler's Least Preferred Co-worker (LPC) scores and his measures of situational variables were completed by the leader at the conclusion of the session. The LPC scores correlated with followers' performance in the direction opposite that predicted by Fiedler. Situational effects were not statistically significant. The LEFI Theory positions were supported by an analysis of variance. These variables accounted for 54% of the variance in followers' performance.
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Dallora, Ana Luiza, Johan Sanmartin Berglund, Martin Brogren, Ola Kvist, Sandra Diaz Ruiz, André Dübbel, and Peter Anderberg. "Age Assessment of Youth and Young Adults Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Knee: A Deep Learning Approach." JMIR Medical Informatics 7, no. 4 (December 5, 2019): e16291. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/16291.
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Background Bone age assessment (BAA) is an important tool for diagnosis and in determining the time of treatment in a number of pediatric clinical scenarios, as well as in legal settings where it is used to estimate the chronological age of an individual where valid documents are lacking. Traditional methods for BAA suffer from drawbacks, such as exposing juveniles to radiation, intra- and interrater variability, and the time spent on the assessment. The employment of automated methods such as deep learning and the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can address these drawbacks and improve the assessment of age. Objective The aim of this paper is to propose an automated approach for age assessment of youth and young adults in the age range when the length growth ceases and growth zones are closed (14-21 years of age) by employing deep learning using MRI of the knee. Methods This study carried out MRI examinations of the knee of 402 volunteer subjects—221 males (55.0%) and 181 (45.0%) females—aged 14-21 years. The method comprised two convolutional neural network (CNN) models: the first one selected the most informative images of an MRI sequence, concerning age-assessment purposes; these were then used in the second module, which was responsible for the age estimation. Different CNN architectures were tested, both training from scratch and employing transfer learning. Results The CNN architecture that provided the best results was GoogLeNet pretrained on the ImageNet database. The proposed method was able to assess the age of male subjects in the range of 14-20.5 years, with a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.793 years, and of female subjects in the range of 14-19.5 years, with an MAE of 0.988 years. Regarding the classification of minors—with the threshold of 18 years of age—an accuracy of 98.1% for male subjects and 95.0% for female subjects was achieved. Conclusions The proposed method was able to assess the age of youth and young adults from 14 to 20.5 years of age for male subjects and 14 to 19.5 years of age for female subjects in a fully automated manner, without the use of ionizing radiation, addressing the drawbacks of traditional methods.
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Ortega-Auquilla, Diego, Paul Sigüenza-Garzón, Sara Cherres-Fajardo, and Andrés Bonilla-Marchán. "An overview of undergraduate students’ perceptions on content-based lessons taught in English." Revista Publicando 8, no. 29 (March 24, 2021): 65–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.51528/rp.vol8.id2183.
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Currently, the English language has both an important role in university studies and professional careers. With that in mind, the present study employed an exploratory research approach to determine university students’ perceptions with regard to learning course content on curriculum and education-related topics through the implementation of content-based lessons taught in the English language. A survey was administered to 171 students in different majors from one public university in Ecuador. The close-ended questions focused on learning about the respondents’ perceptions concerning varied statements, such as the importance and suitability of the use of English for the learning-teaching process of university subjects, the helpfulness and impact of learning content through the implementation of class sessions taught in English. Furthermore, an open-ended question was put forward to find out in what ways the learning of university subjects taught in English may help the study participants in the future. The findings showed that a large number of respondents had positive attitudes towards learning content-based lessons about the education-related subject matter in English, as they found this instructional process helpful in terms of class participation, motivation, critical thinking, and other aspects. It was concluded that students could better learn the English language in a more genuine manner by means of lessons directed by CLIL, as they complete essential undergraduate courses from their field of study at the university level.
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Zaharia, Oana-Alis. "“De interpretatione recta...”: Early Modern Theories of Translation." American, British and Canadian Studies Journal 23, no. 1 (December 1, 2014): 5–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/abcsj-2014-0024.
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Abstract Translation has been essential to the development of languages and cultures throughout the centuries, particularly in the early modern period when it became a cornerstone of the process of transition from Latin to vernacular productions, in such countries as France, Italy, England and Spain. This process was accompanied by a growing interest in defining the rules and features of the practice of translation. The present article aims to examine the principles that underlay the highly intertextual early modern translation theory by considering its classical sources and development. It focuses on subjects that were constantly reiterated in any discussion about translation: the debate concerning the best methods of translation, the sense-for-sense/ word-for-word dichotomy - a topos that can be traced to the discourse on translation initiated by Cicero and Horace and was further developed by the Church fathers, notably St. Jerome, and eventually inherited by both medieval and Renaissance translators. Furthermore, it looks at the differences and continuities that characterise the medieval and Renaissance discourses on translation with a focus on the transition from the medieval, free manner of translation to the humanist, philological one.
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Brusini, Paolo. "Global Glaucoma Staging System (GGSS): A New Method to Simultaneously Assess the Severity of Both Functional and Structural Damage in Glaucoma." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 19 (September 26, 2021): 4414. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10194414.
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Background: The classification of damage in glaucoma is usually based either on visual field or optical coherent tomography (OCT) assessment. No currently available method is able to simultaneously categorize functional and structural damage. Material and Methods: In this study, 283 patients with chronic open-angle glaucoma (OAG) at different stages and 67 healthy subjects were tested with both standard automated perimetry and spectral domain OCT for retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) assessment. The visual field data were classified using the Glaucoma Staging System 2, whereas OCT results were processed with the OCT Glaucoma Staging System. These data were used to create a new staging system (global glaucoma staging system, GGSS), in which the severity of visual field and RNFL damage is reported on the Y and X axis, respectively. The GGSS was tested in a different sample of 147 patients with manifest OAG, 56 with preperimetric glaucoma and 43 normal subjects. A six-stage clinical classification, based on the analysis of visual fields and optic disc appearance, was used as gold standard. Results: The GGSS was able to correctly classify in the same stage or within the immediately adjacent stages 145 cases on 147 (98.6%). Fifty-four preperimetric cases (96.4%) were classified as borderline or abnormal (Stage 1 or 2). Here, 41 normal eyes out of 43 were correctly classified as Stage 0, with a specificity of 95.3%. Conclusions: Preliminary results from this study are encouraging and suggest that the new GGSS is able to provide information concerning the severity of structural and functional damage in an integrated manner.
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Kuznetsova, Olga Alekseevna, and Tatyana Magometovna Orckhanova. "Anti-corruption issues in the context of national security priorities." Current Issues of the State and Law, no. 11 (2019): 400–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/2587-9340-2019-3-11-400-411.
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Through the prism of the priorities of Russian national security and social values, given the crime situation, the state branch of the legislative framework, enforcement practices and reform processes in conjunction with completed and implemented national plans against corruption, we made an attempt to define the boundaries of issues of counteraction to such a phenomenon as “corruption” in strategic and other documents, using elements of retrospective analysis. We reveal the aspects concerning how “yesterday and today” the corruption problem positioned/positioning in the political and legal and, in particular, in the criminal-legal contexts? Is it seen as a major challenge or threat to national security? In close interrelation with the considered problem the separate directions of activity in the economic security sphere and economic growth maintenance are touched. As a consequence, we focus attention on the problem of corruption in relation to the regional cross-section. In conclusion, we give a brief overview of some kind of legislative reforms results, which allowed today the subjects of combating corruption to radically improve the work in this direction. At the same time, the issues of expected new changes in the legislation, which will have an impact on the development of law enforcement practice, were touched upon in an aspect-wise manner.
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Starego, Karolina. "Dyskurs edukacyjny oraz problem dyskursywnego konstruowania tożsamości i wiedzy z perspektywy krytycznej i krytycznie zorientowanej analizy dyskursu." Kultura-Społeczeństwo-Edukacja 12, no. 2 (February 19, 2019): 285–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/kse.2017.12.14.
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The main purpose of this paper is to present the specific character of educational discourse in terms of the critical (CDA) and critically-oriented discourse analysis (E. Laclau and Ch. Mouffe) and to identify issues and problems that affect research concerning the discursive construction of identity. My main subjects of interest, and the key notions for the discourse-oriented pedagogy, are identity and knowledge. I will try to show how in spite of the relevance of those two notions, the use of discourse analysis in pedagogical research forces us to transcend the narrowly defined disciplinary boundaries. When it is analyzed in a critical manner the thing we call “educational discourse” expands considerably, affecting the scope of both theoretical and research-oriented interests of pedagogy itself. With regard to identity and knowledge, I try to show the inadequacies of the often employed theories of E. Laclau, Ch. Mouffe and M. Foucaul, for analysis of identification processes. I argue that those processes may be successfully analyzed using the CDA framework. The issue of structural constraints that is addressed in CDA, in combination with Laclau’s theory of affective investment allow for a more comprehensive study of the conditions of possibility of the processes of identification.
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Vervaet, S., and W. De Waele. "Evaluation and instrumentation of the drop weight tear test." International Journal Sustainable Construction & Design 3, no. 1 (November 6, 2012): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/scad.v3i1.20556.
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With the use of high strength and high toughness steels in the pipeline industry it has become necessary tobetter understand the factors which influence the reliability and integrity of oil and natural gas pipelines. TheDrop-Weight Tear Test (DWTT) is a common test method to determine the fracture appearance andfracture ductility of steel. Its fundamental purpose is to determine the appearance of propagating fracturesin steels over the temperature range where the fracture mode changes from brittle to ductile. But there arestill many subjects of discussion concerning which results must be obtained, in which manner they shouldbe obtained and how they should be interpreted. Is it still possible to deduce a shear appearance fromsamples which have such an abnormal fracture that they used to be discarded as invalid ? Could resultsfrom the DWTT be correlated with the Crack Tip Opening Angle (CTOA), which is particularly important forfinite element modelling ? What to think about methods such as the two specimen CTOA and the simplifiedsingle specimen method ? How severe is the effect of tunnelling in contemporary linepipe steels and howcan this be dealt with ? Many questions still remain and many aspects are still vague despite the correlatingecological, economical and safety issues. Therefore, there is a major necessity for further investigations.
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Meneses-Barriviera, Caroline, Jéssica Bazoni, Marcelo Doi, and Luciana Marchiori. "Probable Association of Hearing Loss, Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus in the Elderly." International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology 22, no. 04 (October 25, 2017): 337–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1606644.
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Introduction The aging process causes changes in body structure in a continuous manner, and contributes to clinical disorders. Life expectancy is increasing, especially in developing countries. Objective To assess the prevalence of hearing loss and its possible association with hypertension and diabetes mellitus (DM) in the elderly. Methods A cross-sectional study with 519 elderly individuals aged over 60 years who underwent an audiological evaluation (pure tone audiometry), and answered a comorbidity questionnaire that included questions about age, gender, tinnitus and medical history, with data concerning DM. The dependent variable was the presence of hearing loss. The independent variables were age, gender, DM and hypertension. The variables were presented in absolute numbers and proportions, and enabled us to estimate the prevalence. The statistical analysis was performed through multiple logistic regression with 95% confidence intervals and values of p < 0.05 for the hearing loss and its associated factors. Results A total of 519 subjects of both genders with a median age of 69 years were evaluated, and the individuals who did not attend the audiometric test were excluded from the study, so the final sample was composed of 498 subjects. Sensorineural hearing loss was more prevalent (66.26%) of most frequently with bilateral hearing loss of 91.56% and 26.50% with mild degree. The statistical analysis showed that the variable DM was associated with the high frequency of hearing loss in the elderly, and according to the multiple logistic regression, the risk factors are independent of the hearing loss only for age and exposure to occupational noise. Conclusions There was a statistically significant difference between hearing loss at high frequencies and the risk factors, that is, age and DM.
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Zhou, M., S. Harris, R. Kapil, A. Cipriano, E. He, M. Shet, K. Fukumura, Y. Matsuo, M. Uehira, and G. Zammit. "0502 Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy of a Novel, Highly Potent and Selective Partial Agonist for Nociceptin/Orphanin-FQ Peptide (NOP) Receptors in Patients with Insomnia Disorder." Sleep 43, Supplement_1 (April 2020): A192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.499.
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Abstract Introduction V117957 is a recently described investigational oral, potent, and selective nociceptin/orphanin-FQ peptide (NOP) receptor partial agonist which was previously evaluated in ~200 healthy subjects. Its satisfactory safety/tolerability profile has been established with the top doses at 30mg following a single oral administration and 10mg once daily for 2 weeks. V117957 demonstrated favorable drug-like properties for insomnia treatment, including oral bioavailability, fast absorption, and rapid elimination. Methods A total of 52 patients with insomnia disorder have been evaluated in two separate randomized, double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled sleep studies. Insomnia disorder was confirmed by screening polysomnography (PSG). All subjects received orally, for two consecutive nights, either V117957 10mg or placebo in Study #1 or 0.5, 1, 3, 6mg or placebo in Study #2. Efficacy was measured via PSG for the primary endpoint of sleep efficiency (SE) and secondary endpoints of sleep onset (latency to persistent sleep [LPS]) and maintenance (wakefulness after sleep onset [WASO]). Efficacy also was measured by patient diary (subjective sleep latency [sSL], subjective total sleep time [sTST], sWASO). Pharmacodynamics (PD) on next-day residual effects were also measured, including cognitive, psychomotor and mood effects. Results V117957 showed statistically significant greater sleep efficiency and less WASO in a dose-dependent manner (0.5-10 mg) and a statistically significant reduction in LPS at 10mg, as compared to placebo. V117957 at 0.5mg and 1mg exhibited next-day residual effects similar to placebo. At doses of 3mg or higher, V117957 showed dose-dependent next-day residual effects. V117957 was safe and well-tolerated across all doses tested with no serious adverse events, with somnolence being the most frequent treatment-emergent adverse event. No concerning laboratory findings and no clinically significant findings on vital signs and electrocardiograms have been attributed to V117957 in these subjects. Conclusion V117957 was safe and well-tolerated in patients with insomnia disorder. These results demonstrated that NOP receptors represent a novel mechanistic treatment for insomnia disorder and support continued evaluation of V117957. Support Funded by Shionogi and Imbrium Therapeutics, a subsidiary of Purdue Pharma L.P.
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Rogers, Margaret A., and Holly L. Storkel. "Reprogramming Phonologically Similar Utterances." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 41, no. 2 (April 1998): 258–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jslhr.4102.258.
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The effects of phonologic similarity on speech production latencies were investigated to explore the role of articulatory phonetic features and reprogramming operations during pre-motor stages of production. A form-based priming technique was used in five experiments to elicit rapid productions of single words. Subjects responded to visually presented pairs of minimally contrastive monosyllabic words, which varied with respect to the phonetic featural similarity of their onsets. Factors that were systematically manipulated across experiments included stimulus set size, duration of the interstimulus interval, and the use of feedback to subjects concerning their response latencies. Speech onset latencies obtained in a control condition in which no phonetic features were shared were compared to four other conditions in which the word initial phonemes of prime-target pairs did share features. Results revealed that shared manner was the most influential factor associated with the observed inhibitory phonologic similarity effect. In addition, smaller stimulus set size (6 words) yielded significantly slower overall response latencies than experiments employing larger stimulus sets (18 words). These findings suggested that inhibitory phonologic similarity effects did not stem from biomechanical constraints imposed by the articulatory system. Rather the methods employed in this investigation were supported as a means to investigate both the underlying units of representation and the processes involved in pre-motor planning apart from articulatory effects. The results of this investigation also supported the hypothesis that, during phonologic encoding, word form retrieval entails the selection and assembly of sublexical units into word form frames. No evidence of whole word retrieval during pre-motor encoding was obtained. The potential utility of this experimental paradigm in the investigation of pre-motor planning in disorders that putatively affect the processes involved in transforming word meaning into word form is also discussed.
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Irawan, Fajar Awang, and Fajar Eko Prasetyo. "Sport Infrastructure for Physical Education in Senior High School." International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding 6, no. 1 (February 1, 2019): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v6i1.491.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the condition and the quality of sports infrastructure in high school. This study using mixed method which is data collection combined between interview data and the documentation. Total subjects were 40 respondents and full fill the inform consent before answer question. The research study located in high schools throughout Purbalingga District. The results of this study have correlation to the standardization of sports infrastructure in the standard category according to the regulation Number 24 of 2007 concerning the standard for Facilities and Infrastructure for School in Republic of Indonesia. This study showed that the completeness of the equipment has fulfilled, although there are some sports facilities are lacking but do not interfere to the learning processes. The level of feasibility of sports infrastructure is still to be optimized. Regarding to the used of sports infrastructure in a multifunctional manner and carrying out the maintenance procedures have been running but not optimal. The conclusions were 3 of the 10 high schools in sufficient category, 5 schools in good category, and 2 schools in the very good category. Therefore, it is necessary to improve and standardize the maintenance of sports infrastructure facilities to the realization of standardization and equitable distribution of sports infrastructure in every high school as well as an increases in achievement at public high schools.
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Hajdari, Azem. "Mediation as an Alternative of Criminal Case Resolution in Kosovo Juvenile Criminal Proceedings." International Journal of Social Work 5, no. 1 (March 7, 2018): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijsw.v5i1.12785.
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Mediation is a law institute which enables alternative resolution of a criminal case between the subjects of law outside of court. It may be applicable except in criminal proceedings in which are adjudicated adults perpetrators of criminal offences, also in juvenile criminal proceedings. Through application of this institute is aimed to help the parties (to minor and the injured party) to achieve the resolution of a criminal case in the most functional manner and in accordance with their best interests. The importance of mediation is diverse. It effects in reducing the number of court cases awaiting resolution, reducing public expenditures, raising the level of social responsibility, educating citizens with the feeling of seeking forgiveness and compensation of damage, as well as cooperation with criminal procedure bodies, eliminating cases of vigilantism etc. Mediation is constituted of numerous characteristics which make it a “sui generis” institute in criminal case resolution alternatives.Modest results of this scientific paper indicate that this institute in Kosovo courts and prosecutions concerning juvenile criminal proceedings is applicable in a very few cases. Causes of this situation may refer to the fact of not knowing the advantages of applying this institution by juvenile judges and prosecutors, but also due to the fact this institute has similarities with diversity measures, which are more preferred to be imposed against juveniles.
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Mika, Mirosław, and Marek Migdal. "Governance and the Development of Tourism in the Conditions of a Clash of Powers and “Actors” at a Local Level." Folia Turistica 41 (December 31, 2016): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.4014.
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Purpose. The article addresses the issue of cooperation between the authorities, on the one hand and tourist entrepreneurs as well as non-profit organizations on the other in the development of tourism. The aim of the article is to present the factors determining the participation and activity of tourist entrepreneurs in local governance. Method. In the theoretical part of this paper, the ways of understanding governance were discussed, highlighting its ambiguity as a theoretical concept and a method for the description and analysis of governing practices. In the empirical part, the results of interviews conducted among 15 tourism entrepreneurs operating in the Polish Carpathians were presented. These helped to identify the expectations, motivation and barriers of subjects who were entering the tourist business and attempted to closely collaborate with local authorities in governance. Findings. In the conclusion, it was stated e.g., that by cooperating with the local government, entrepreneurs join resources with government institutions and implement them. In this manner, the Carpathian tourist companies attempt to mobilize the authorities in order to complete the main tasks that are considered strategic for the development of local tourism. Research and conclusion limitations. Exploratory research. Practical implications. The results can be used in the governing practices of local authorities. Originality. The article fills the gap concerning the shortage of domestic scientific literature on the relationship of governance and tourism development at a local level. Type of paper. Empirical research.
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Callegari, Bianca, Ghislain Saunier, Manuela Brito Duarte, Gizele Cristina da Silva Almeida, Cesar Ferreira Amorim, France Mourey, Thierry Pozzo, and Givago da Silva Souza. "Anticipatory Postural Adjustments and kinematic arm features when postural stability is manipulated." PeerJ 6 (March 15, 2018): e4309. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4309.
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Beyond the classical paradigm that presents the Anticipatory Postural Adjustments (APAs) as a manner to create forces that counteract disturbances arising from the moving segment during a pointing task, there is a controversial discussion about the role APAs to facilitate the movement and perform a task accurately. In addition, arm kinematics features are classically used to infer the content of motor planning for the execution and the control of arm movements. The present study aimed to disentangle the conflicting role of APAs during an arm-pointing task in which the subjects reach a central diode that suddenly turns on, while their postural stability was manipulated. Three postures were applied: Standing (Up), Sit without feet support (SitUnsup) and Sit with feet support (SitSup). We found that challenging postural stability induced an increase of the reaction time and movement duration (observed for the SitUnsup compared to SitSUp and Up) as well as modified the upper-limb velocity profile. Indeed, a greater max velocity and a shorter deceleration time were observed under the highest stability (SitSup). Thus, these Kinematics features reflect less challenging task and simple motor plan when the body is stabilized. Concerning the APAs, we observed the presence of them independently of the postural stability. Such a result strongly suggests that APAs act to facilitate the limb movement and to counteract perturbation forces. In conclusion, the degree of stability seems particularly tuned to the motor planning of the upper-limb during a pointing task whereas the postural chain (sitting vs. standing) was also determinant for APAs.
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Benner, Maia J., Matt L. Settles, Gordon K. Murdoch, Ronald W. Hardy, and Barrie D. Robison. "Sex-specific transcriptional responses of the zebrafish (Danio rerio) brain selenoproteome to acute sodium selenite supplementation." Physiological Genomics 45, no. 15 (August 1, 2013): 653–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiolgenomics.00030.2013.
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The potential benefits of selenium (Se) supplementation are currently under investigation for prevention of certain cancers and treatment of neurological disorders. However, little is known concerning the response of the brain to increased dietary Se under conditions of Se sufficiency, despite the majority of Se supplementation trials occurring in healthy, Se sufficient subjects. We evaluated the transcriptional response of Se-dependent genes, selenoproteins and the genes necessary for their synthesis (the selenoproteome), in the zebrafish ( Danio rerio) brain to supplementation with nutritionally relevant levels of dietary Se (sodium selenite) during conditions of assumed Se sufficiency. We first used a microarray approach to analyze the response of the brain selenoproteome to dietary Se supplementation for 14 days and then assessed the immediacy and time-scale transcriptional response of the brain selenoproteome to 1, 7, and 14 days of Se supplementation by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The microarray approach did not indicate large-scale influences of Se on the brain transcriptome as a whole or the selenoproteome specifically; only one nonselenoproteome gene (si:ch73-44m9.2) was significantly differentially expressed. Our qRT-PCR results, however, indicate that increases of dietary Se cause small, but significant transcriptional changes within the brain selenoproteome, even after only 1 day of supplementation. These responses were dynamic over a short period of supplementation in a manner highly dependent on sex and the duration of Se supplementation. In nutritional intervention studies, it may be necessary to utilize methods such as qRT-PCR, which allow larger sample sizes, for detecting subtle transcriptional changes in the brain.
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Vladimir I., Karasik, and Slyshkin Gennady G. "Modern discourse developmental trends." Current Issues in Philology and Pedagogical Linguistics, no. 1(2021) (March 25, 2021): 14–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.29025/2079-6021-2021-1-14-31.
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The paper deals with discourse development tendencies determined by social, economic, cultural and historic characteristics of our present existence, on the one hand, and modern technologies of distant communication, on the other hand. The material analyzed comprises texts taken from network and media discourse as presented in the Internet and Russian contemporary oral and written speech card-catalogue compiled by the authors. The model of our study includes four components of a communicative situation: subjects, texts, chronotops and organizational characteristics. We argue that modern discourse is characterized by the following properties of its participants: expansion of self-presentation, juvenile manner of communication, critical attitude to information, communicative over-saturation. Semiotic properties of modern discourse characterize the texts used in various types of communicative interaction, they include significant growth of multimodal content in all the types of written communication (it corresponds to predominant usage of visual information transmitted by electronic media), vulgarization of speech, and oral and written texts diffusion in distant communication. Chronotopic properties of oral discourse consist in the communicative compression of messages we exchange, in acceleration of our life and shrinkage of communicative turns, and in new demands to everyday habitual existence which makes it a vital necessity to have the access to the Internet in every home. Organizational properties of modern communicative practice may be defined as emerging of inter-discursive hybrid types of communication concerning media and network discourse, diffusion and merging of personal and institutional and private and public communication, and formation of new rituals which are mostly realized in gestures or clips.
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Kulesza, Ewa. "The protection of customer personal data as an element of entrepreneurs’ ethical conduct." Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym 21, no. 7 (April 2, 2018): 27–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1899-2226.21.7.02.
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The right to the protection of personal data, which is part of the right to privacy, is a fundamental human right. Thus, its guarantees were included in the high-level regulations of the European Union as well as the legal norms of the EU Member States. The first Polish law regulating the protection of personal data was adopted in 1997 as the implementation of EU Directive 95/46. The law imposed a number of obligations on public and private entities which process personal data in order to protect the rights of data subjects and, in particular, to guarantee them the ability to control the correctness of processing of their personal data. Therefore, the law obliged data controllers to process data only on the basis of the premises indicated in the legislation, to adequately secure data, and to comply with the disclosure obligation concerning data subjects, including their right to correct false or outdated data or to request removal of data processed in violation of the law. However, as complaints directed by citizens to the supervisory body—the Inspector General for Personal Data Protection—showed, personal data controllers, especially those operating in the private sector, did not comply with the law, acting in a manner that violated their customers’ rights. In the hitherto existing unfair business practices of entrepreneurs, the violations of the data protection provisions that were the most burdensome for customers were related to preventing them from exercising their rights, including the right to control the processing of data, as well as the failure to provide the controller’s business address, which made it impossible for subjects whose data were used in violation of the law or for the inspecting authorities to contact the company, a lack of data security and a failure to follow the procedures required by law, the failure to secure documents containing personal data or their abandonment, a lack of updating customer data, the use of unverified data sets and sending marketing offers to deceased people or incorrect target recipients, and excessive amounts of data requested by controllers. The violations of the rights of data subjects recorded in Poland and other EU Member States—among other arguments—provided inspiration for the preparation of a new legal act in the form of the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) (which entered into force on 25 May 2018). The extension of the rights of people whose data are processed was combined in the GDPR with the introduction of new legal instruments disciplining data controllers. Instruments in the form of administrative fines and the strongly emphasised possibility to demand compensation for a violation of the right to data protection were directed in particular against economic entities violating the law.
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Epriadi, Dedi, Razaki Persada, and Ukas Ukas. "EFFECTIVENESS OF CHILDREN'S COMPETITIVENESS IN THE USE OF POPULATION ADMINISTRATION." dia 17, no. 2 (December 17, 2019): 179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.30996/dia.v17i2.3577.
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One of the demands on the Department of Population and Civil Registration of Bungo Regency is to provide services to the community to achieve orderly population administration but from the writer's initial observation, data collection officers in the field found it difficult to optimize data collection, because SAD lives in nomadic life. detected by the assessor. While the purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the SAD data collection at the Population and Civil Registry Office of Bungo Regency. In this case, it will be analyzed how the effectiveness of SAD data collection relating directly to the orderly Administration which is set forth in the regulation of the Minister of the Interior Number: 11 of 2010 concerning guidelines on data collection and issuance of population documents for vulnerable population administration. In this study, researchers used a descriptive qualitative research method by looking at research subjects who became this study. While in data collection techniques, researchers use the literature study technique, field studies consisting of observations, interviews, and documentation. Descriptive data analysis techniques in analyzing data, i.e. with data that has been collected from interviews and documentation or library studies will be analyzed and interpreted to find out its meaning and meaning. The results of the study prove that effective data collection will spur an increase in the orderly administration of optimal population, besides, it is recommended to the Department of Population and Civil Registration to register in a sustainable manner in the Bungo Regency, especially to remote communities, although there are still many deficiencies in it but have appeared changes and differences in Bungo District.
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M. O., Pukhtynskyi. "Transformation of local self-government in context decentralization of public power in unitary Ukraine." Almanac of law: The role of legal doctrine in ensuring of human rights 11, no. 11 (August 2020): 319–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.33663/2524-017x-2020-11-54.
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The process of transformation of local self-government is connected with solving a complex of problems of its provision. Among them, the constitutional and legal problems of territorial governance, which are the subject of this study, play a significant role. In Ukraine, a course of improvement of Ukrainian unitarism was chosen through widespread decentralization of public power, formation of capable, effective local government on this basis as active interaction and cooperation of subjects, local self-government institutions, executive power, civil society, business environment. This approach actualizes the constitutional and legal discourse of decentralization. The article discusses the issues of constitutional and legislative support for the reform of the territorial organization of power. A constitutional and legal understanding of the decentralization of public power in the context of the provisions of the current Basic Law is given. Modern approaches to amending the Constitution of Ukraine in terms of decentralization of public power, reforming local self-government, and territorial administration are critically analyzed. The novelties of legislative developments concerning territorial governance are considered. The urgency of sectoral decentralization in areas such as local finance, education, health care, social protection, housing and communal services, administrative services, communal land and property, sustainable economic development, human resources, etc. is emphasized. It is noted that, given the principles of constitutionalism, the existing potential of the Constitution should be exploited, the shortcomings of permanent, point-to-point modification overcome, the careful and careful approach to regional level of territorial governance. It is emphasized that the transformation of local self-government in the context of decentralization of public power must be carried out in a comprehensive and systematic manner, taking into account the preservation and strengthening of the unitary nature of Ukraine. Keywords: transformation of local self-government, decentralization of public power, territorial governance, constitutional and legal support of reform, unitary principles of Ukraine.
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Sokejima, Shigeru, Yoshimi Nakatani, Kazuomi Kario, Kazunori Kayaba, Masumi Minowa, and Sadanobu Kagamimori. "Seismic Intensity and Risk of Cerebrovascular Stroke: 1995 Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 19, no. 04 (December 2004): 297–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00001928.
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AbstractIntroduction:No epidemiological data exist concerning the influence of an earthquake on the risk of stroke. Whether the incidence of cerebrovascular stroke increased after the 1995 Hanshin-Awaji earthquake (EQ) in Japan and whether seismic intensity affected stroke risk dose-dependently was examined.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted among residents, who were living in two towns on the island of Awaji and were participants of the National Health Insurance (NHI) program. The two towns were divided into 11 districts and their respective damage and socioeconomic states were investigated. Reviewing the NHI documents issued before and after the EQ, people who had strokes (9th International Classification of Diseases, codes 430–431 or 433–434.9) were identified. Risk of stroke in relation to the seismic intensities, was assessed with the Cox proportional hazard model.Results:Among subjects aged 40 to 99 years, 45 of 8,758 (0.514%) had a stroke the year before the EQ, 72 of 8,893 (0.810%) had a stroke in the first year following the EQ, and 49 of 8,710 (0.566%) had a stroke in the second year following the EQ. In districts where the earthquake's intensity was ≤9.5 on the modified Mercalli intensity (MMI), compared with the year prior to the EQ, the relative risk (RR) of stroke was 2.4 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1, 5.0) in the first year following the EQ, after adjusting for age, gender, and income. In that year, compared with MMI of <8.5–9.0, RRs for 9.0–9.5 and ≥9.5 were 1.6 (CI 0.9, 2.1) and 2.0 (CI 1.1, 3.7), respectively (pfor trend 0.02). No trend for the RR was observed in the year before the EQ or in the second year following the EQ.Conclusion Stroke increased in the first year following the EQ. The increase was associated with seismic intensity in a dose-response manner. Results suggest a potential threshold for RR of >2.0 in areas near 9.5 on the MMI scale.
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Lindsay, James E. "Prophetic Parallels in Abu ʿAbd Allah Al-Shiʿi's Mission Among the Kutama Berbers, 893–910." International Journal of Middle East Studies 24, no. 1 (February 1992): 39–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743800001410.
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The foundation of Abu ʿAbd Allah's movement was that which God Almighty had ordained concerning the victory of His friends' cause, the strengthening of His True Religion and the exaltation of His Word. Abu ʿAbd Allah al-Shiʿi was an Ismaʿili dāʿĪ and the architect of the Fatimid revolution in North Africa. Mobilizing support among the Kutama Berbers, he was able ultimately to overthrow the Aghlabid house and proclaim ʿAbd Allah as the Mahdi and first Fatimid imam in 909.1 Our primary source for Abu ʿAbd Allah's career is al-Qadi al-Nuʿman's Kitāb iftitāḥ al-daʿwa, completed in 957.2 As the official account of the Fatimid rise to power, it is an excellent source for understanding the ideology and propagands of the North African phase of the Fatimid daʿwa. Although the Iftitāḥ is not devoted explicitly to religious/theological questions in the manner of al-Qudi al-Nuʿ man's other writings, an attempt to establish the historical validity of the Fatimid claim to the imamate is implicit throughout the work.The Iftitah is a text of religious significance precisely because it is a historical account of God's action through His human agents to restore the original Islamic community of the Prophet and a righteous political order governed according to God's will, a theme not uncommon in medieval Islam and one to which we shall return later in our discussion. The Iftitah is thus a superb document for ascertaining the Fatimids' perceptions of themselves and how they wanted to appear to a literate audience. Marius Canard, Farhat Dachraoui, and Tilman Nagel have discussed these subjects thoroughly in several works dealing with the Fatimids' North African propaganda.3 My intent here is not to discuss the specific vocabulary of Abu cAbd Allah's daFwa anew, but rather the environment which Abu cAbd Allah proclaimed his "summons to the truth," an environment which enabled him, both by accident and by design, to pattern his career after that of the Prophet.
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Meloni, Antonella, Daniele De Marchi, Vincenzo Positano, Gaetano Giuffrida, Sabrina Armari, Saveria Campisi, Mario Furbetta, et al. "Study of Renal Iron Overload by T2* MRI in a Large Cohort of Thalassemia Major Patients." Blood 120, no. 21 (November 16, 2012): 5177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.5177.5177.
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Abstract Abstract 5177 Background. Renal dysfunction has been reported in adult subjects with thalassemia major (TM) since 1975. One of the main cause is the iron overload consequent to regular transfusions. Multiecho T2* MRI is a well-established technique for cardiac and hepatic iron overload assessment, but there very few report concerning the kidneys. The aims of this study were to describe the T2* values of the kidneys in patients with TM, to investigate the correlation between renal and myocardial or hepatic siderosis and biventricular cardiac function. Methods. 119 TM patients (58 men, 30. 7 ± 8. 2 years) enrolled in the Myocardial Iron Overload (MIOT) networks underwent MRI. For the measurement of iron overload, multiecho T2* sequences were used. The left ventricle was segmented into a 16-segments standardized model and the T2* value on each segment was calculated as well as the global value. In the liver, the T2* value was assessed in a single region of interest (ROI) in a homogeneous area of the parenchyma. For each kidney, T2* values were calculated in three different ROIs and were averaged to obtain a representative value for the kidney. The mean T2* value over the kidneys was also calculated. Cine images were obtained to quantify biventricular morphological and functional parameters in a standard way. Results. T2* values in the right kidney were significant lower than in the left kidney (40. 3±11. 9 ms vs 44. 1±12. 7 ms, P<0. 0001). The mean T2* value over the kidneys was 42. 2±11. 9 ms and 40 patients (33. 6%) had a pathological value (T2*<36 ms, lower limit of normal evaluated on 20 healthy subjects). The mean T2* value did not show a significant difference amongst men ad women (43. 2±11. 7 ms versus 41. 3±12. 1 ms, P=0. 378). The mean T2* values increased with age in a significant manner (r=0. 321, P<0. 0001). There was a significant negative correlation between serum ferritin levels and mean renal T2* values (r=-0. 446, P<0. 0001). Significant positive correlations of the mean T2* values were demonstrated for liver (r=0. 511, P<0. 0001) and global heart (r=0. 262, P=0. 004) T2* values (Figure 1). No correlation was found between renal iron overload and bi-ventricular function parameters. Conclusions. Systemic T2* differences between left and right kidneys were found, with significant lower values in the right one. Mean T2* value increased with age. We confirmed that kidney iron deposition was not very common in TM, but it was correlated with iron deposition in liver and heart. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Zhong, Linyue. "Analysis on Ordinary People’s Memory of Chinese Cultural Revolution Based on Micro-History Perspectives." World Journal of Social Science Research 5, no. 1 (February 28, 2018): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/wjssr.v5n1p68.
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<em>This project’s goal was to interview people who’d lived through the Cultural Revolution and extract firsthand perspectives for a more accurate representation of history that may not exist in history textbooks. Through face-to-face or telephone interviews with witnesses of Cultural Revolution, I reflected on their respective attitudes and mentalities, trying to associate these individualities with possible causes rooted in their experiences. While the narrativization is inevitably coupled with subjectivity, hearsay history presents the basic conflict between individual experienced past and historically reconstructed past. My own stance concerning such disjuncture is more optimistic and moderate. Actual life experience is often messy and opaque, whereas rebuilding history brings order and clarity into the chaos. Thus, a historical researcher like me concerns as much with the fashioning of a past that is has validity in its direct participants’ eyes as with uncovering the “truth” in a rigorously objective manner. For the participants in Cultural Revolution, retelling stories taken place in that historical period enables them to restore their past values and cultural recognition: although the eventual outcome is universally known, individual explanations for how it develops to the end vary. This is why I mainly developed this essay through two subjects: the ordinary people who have gone through this time period and the abusers (Red Guards) who demonstrated brutish nature in the revolution. It turns out that approaching a same story from different perspectives render us with multiple interpretations and each historical actor takes part in the revolution with diverse motivations. This is why some people chose to become Red Guards and some other struggled to maintain sanity in the chaotic age. In the meanwhile, I would discuss about deductive findings in this essay: selective memory, revelation of human nature, personal cult mixed up with national allegiance, historical-context-blindness of historical actors, and class struggle. Overall, the report aims to demonstrate how the complexity of human nature spawned in political turbulence interferes with historical progress in a significant way. As the author, I’d recommend the readers to form their independent judgments on Cultural Revolution rather than to absorb information indistinguishably. Certain radical information is included only for the sake of authenticity.</em>
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van der Kraan, Y. M., D. Paap, N. Lennips, E. C. A. Veenstra, S. Kieskamp, and A. Spoorenberg. "AB0481 PATIENT’S PERSPECTIVE ON PATIENT EDUCATION IN AXIAL SPONDYLOARTHRITIS: A QUALITATIVE STUDY." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 1268.1–1268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.3553.
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Background:Within the EULAR recommendations patient education (PE) is stated as the basis of axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) management, since PE contributes to reaching treatment goals.1 However, educational needs are scarcely qualitatively studied in patients with axSpA and the EULAR recommendations of PE are primarily based on research in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The World Health Organization advocates the incorporation of qualitative research into the development of guidelines and recommendations,2 since it generates rich and detailed data providing explanations and understanding of the complexity of human behaviour and decision-making.3Objectives:To explore perceptions, experiences and needs of PE in patients with axSpA.Methods:An interpretive phenomenological approach was applied and data was collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews with axSpA patients with a broad variation in characteristics. The data collection and analysis was conducted in an iterative manner. Thematic analysis was applied to translate experiences and perceptions from the interviews into themes.4 Multiple strategies were used to enhance credibility: data saturation, research triangulation, bracketing, member checking, theoretical notes, and peer debriefing.Results:Twelve patients participated, for characteristics see Table 1. From the participants’ perspective three interrelated themes regarding PE are important for healthcare professionals (HCP) to pay attention to: illness perception, content and availability. 1) Illness perception, defined as patients’ personal understanding and belief about their disease, affects how patients experience and process PE which consequently influences coping strategies with their disease. 2) The following topics concerning content are reported as most important in PE for patients with axSpA: prognosis, treatment, and the influence of lifestyle aspects. 3) Availability of PE: face-to-face contact with a HCP is the preferred method for exploring patients’ personal needs in PE. Additionally, active self-education is preferred to learn more about the different subjects which patients can apply when preferred. Furthermore, participants reported a relationship of trust between patient and HCP and sufficient amount of time in combination with a comprehensible amount of information to support their understanding (health literacy) as prerequisites for effective PE.Table 1.Characteristics of the patients with axSpA in this studyParticipantsSexAgeSymptom yearsDiagnosis yearsASDASDisease activityPASSLevel of educationMarital status1M3918150.47IDYesISCED 7Single2M5630302.90HDANoISCED 3Divorced3M241090.88IDYesISCED 7In a relationship4M3220131.04IDYesISCED 6In a relationship5M6624231.33LDAYesISCED 3Married6M33751.20IDYesISCED 7Married7M56962.72HDA-ISCED 2Married8F301592.11HDANoISCED 3Single9F3614121.22IDYesISCED 7Married10F5618173.23HDA-ISCED 2Married11F331051.66LDAYesISCED 3Divorced12F27321.90LDANoISCED 7In a relationshipM = Male; F = Female; ASDAS = Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score; ID = inactive disease, LDA = low disease activity, HDA = high disease activity; PASS = Patient Acceptable Symptom State Questionnaire; ISCED 2011 = International Standard Classification of Education 2011Conclusion:This first bottom-up qualitative study exploring perceptions, experiences and needs of PE in patients with axSpA, shows that HCP should pay attention to patients illness perception to promote effective delivery of PE. Additionally, diagnosis, treatment and lifestyle aspects are important subjects and a combination of face to face contact and self-education is preferred by the patients. These results will provide disease specific content for future guidelines regarding PE in axSpA.References:[1]Zangi HA, et al. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015;74:954-962[2]Downe S, et al. Heal Res Policy Syst. 2019;17,1-12[3]Kelly A, et al. J Rheumatol. 2021;48,6-15[4]Braun V, et al. Qual Res Psychol. 2006;3:77–101Disclosure of Interests:None declared.
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de Villemor-Amaral, Anna Elisa. "Executive Performance on the Rorschach Comprehensive System." Rorschachiana 28, no. 1 (January 2006): 119–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1192-5604.28.1.119.
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The Rorschach request for candidates for positions in the upper corporate hierarchy – the so-called executive positions – has become a usual practice since the 1960s when the most classic and complete work about executive evaluation with the Rorschach appeared. The most commonly cited traits for successful executives are: ambition and intense desire to achieve; ability to make decisions; assertiveness; practicality; ability to work efficiently in frustrating conditions; ability and desire to include others in solving problems; ability to question his/her own positions and decisions in an objective fashion; ability to express hostility with tact; ability to set realistic targets; have varied tastes; “ability to work most of the time at a dizzying pace and sometimes with the reflection and calm of a Buddhist monk” (p. 4); interest in others; ability to deal with concrete and abstract problems; ability to be cautious or bold depending on circumstances; ability to take positions; initiative; predictive capacity; security; emotional stability; honesty; integrity; dedication; objectivity and cooperation. The study involved 20 Rorschach protocols of executives, all of them employed but in competition for positions in the direction of international or multinational companies, which were assessed as part of the selection process. The results do not match the profile expected. The high frequencies of Zd < –3 given by 10 executives (50%) show a hasty attitude for analyzing facts and a tendency to draw rash and careless conclusions, which increases the risk of error in making a decision. Furthermore, 7 subjects (35%) showed a high p, which reveals a tendency to a more passive attitude, expecting that others will solve the problem, and acting according to the desires of others, which can indicate feeling uncomfortable as leaders and avoiding responsibilities. In addition, 50% of the group presented Fd responses, and in four of them (20%) the food responses were accompanied by a < p, and two of them also showed an association with T > 1, a triad indicating dependency. Concerning the AdjD, 55% of our sample presented a negative score – meaning lack of resources for coping in stress situations and little ability to confront new problems. There is a high incidence of DEPI. The presence of DEPI greater than or equal to 5 in 50% of the group is surprising in executives and directors. The CDI is also positive in 50% of the subjects, which means difficulties coping with complex social situations. The lack of relational skills can create adaptation problems, make people more vulnerable to stress, and is a precursor to secondary depression. In the group, six individuals presented values of S > 3, five showed S = 3, and none of them showed S only in the first three cards. These data reflect oppositionist tendencies and aggressiveness that is manifested in making decisions and in negativist and obstinate ways of relating to others, or the manner of seeing the world, understanding situations, and confronting the environment with feelings of rage. With the exception of the high number of responses, which denote high productivity, most of the indicators we found would not allow the prediction of professional success, especially as concerns characteristics of depression, relational deficit, and passive dependency. The fact that many among the executives examined presented rather good curriculum vitae and were, thus, sent for the assessment, is interesting.
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Pillitteri, Daniele, Ann-Kathrin Pilgrimm-Thorp, Manuela Krause, Thomas Scholz, Rainer Schwerdtfeger, Tanja Behrendt, and Carl Kirchmaier. "Antidotal Effects of Non-Specific Reversal Agents On Anticoagulant-Induced Inhibition of Thrombin Generation." Blood 120, no. 21 (November 16, 2012): 2273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.2273.2273.
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Abstract Abstract 2273 Introduction Reversal of pharmacologic anticoagulation is an issue that arises when an anticoagulated patient has a major bleeding or when an emergency surgery needs immediate correction of coagulation. However, the new oral anticoagulants (NOAC) Rivaroxaban (anti-FXa) and Dabigatran (anti-FIIa) lack specific antidotes and only limited data is available regarding the antidotal effect of non-specific haemostatic agents. Therefore, in this ex vivo study reversal of anticoagulant activity after the administration of either 20mg Rivaroxaban or 150mg Dabigatran was tested in vitro using two different PCC (Beriplex®, Cofact®), aPCC (FEIBA®; factor eight inhibitor bypassing activity) or rFVIIa (NovoSeven®) at various concentrations. Patients and Method Subjects 10 healthy caucasian subjects (female: n=5; male: n=5) were first randomized to receive either 20 mg Rivaroxaban or 150 mg Dabigatran in one oral dose. The patients had to abide a 7-day wash-out period before administration of the respective second drug. Methods Citrated venous blood was taken right before (T0) and 2 hours after administration (T2) of either Dabigatran or Rivaroxaban. The potential of 4 commercially available haemostatic agents to reverse the anticoagulant effect of the NOACs was evaluated. • Beriplex: 0.25; 0.5 (corresp. to 25 U/kg); 1; 2 U/mL • Cofact: 0.25; 0.5 (corresp. to 25 U/kg); 1; 2 U/mL • FEIBA:0.25; 0.5; 1 (corresp. to 80 U/kg); 2 U/mL • NovoSeven: 1.25; 2.5; 5; 10 μg/mL (a dose of 90–100 μg/kg corresponds to a plasma level of about 2 μg/mL) Thrombin generation using Calibration Automated Thrombinography (CAT) was the primarily applied assay, along with the parameters aPTT, PT, thrombin time, Rivaroxaban- and Dabigatran levels and Ecarin time. Parameters of interest concerning the thrombin generation assay (TGA) were the endogenous thrombin potential (ETP), Peak (maximum reaction velocity) and Lag time (LT; length of the latent phase). Thrombin generation in platelet poor plasma was initiated by adding 1 pM tissue factor and 4 μM phospholipids. Results 2 hours after administration (T2), Rivaroxaban showed remarkable inhibitory effects on the investigated TGA parameters ETP, Peak and Lag time, with a more pronounced inhibitory effect on the Peak. In contrast, Dabigatran at T2 only showed a slight effect on ETP and no effect on the Peak whereas LT was significantly prolonged (fourfold). Rivaroxaban-induced inhibition of ETP and Peak were reversed by FEIBA in a concentration dependent manner with an over-correction for the two highest concentrations (1 and 2 U/mL). Cofact and rFVIIa restored ETP dose-dependently and both reached baseline T0 at their highest concentrations. Compared to FEIBA, rFVIIa and Cofact only had a slight but dose-dependent effect on the Peak. Interestingly, the other PCC, Beriplex, did not show any reversal effects on ETP and Peak. Regarding Rivaroxaban-prolonged LT all concentrations of rFVIIa and FEIBA were responsible for a significant LT-reduction close to baseline, whereas both PCCs did not correct prolonged LT. Regarding Dabigatran, all doses of rFVIIa, Cofact and FEIBA reduced the LT, with a more pronounced and dose-dependent effect of Cofact and FEIBA. For Beriplex only a slight reduction in LT was observed. Conclusion FEIBA and rFVIIa showed significant reversal of anticoagulant activity already at low therapeutic concentrations for both anticoagulants in TGA. Surprisingly, regarding both investigated PCCs, only Cofact showed an antidotal effect on TGA parameters, especially in higher therapeutic concentrations (1 and 2 U/mL). Considering that the main difference between the two PCCs is that Beriplex contains small amounts of heparin and Cofact does not, it is conceivable that this may explain the observed differences in TGA. Further clinical validation is needed. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Vasic, Aleksandar. "An unintended dialogue between “materialists” and “idealists”. The essays on west European art music in the "Zvuk" magazine (1932-1936)." Muzikologija, no. 14 (2013): 77–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/muz1314077v.
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The Zvuk magazine, one of the best Serbian and Yugoslav music reviews, was published in Belgrade from 1932 to 1936. It was founded and edited by a pianist, music historian and music critic Stana Ribnikar (1908-1986). Her closest collaborators in the magazine were leftist musicians. Nevertheless, the editorial board was open for collaboration with writers who had different ideas on the relationship between art and society. This article deals with numerous essays on the nineteenth-century West European art music in the Zvuk magazine. Their topics are very diverse: some of the essays deal with individual composers, historical issues, various problems of writing music, and related subjects. Others tend to provide information and present art music in a popular manner. A significant feature of the Zvuk magazine was the parallel presence of essays written by Marxist musicians and those written by other music writers, who did not believe in the social function of art, even though these two groups of authors did not engage in polemics. Pavao Markovac, a musicologist from Zagreb, was very critical towards Richard Wagner`s views on art and society. The Belgrade musicologist Vojislav Vuckovic shared his point of view. In his essays on the historical significance of baroque music, Vuckovic opposed the idea of absolute autonomy of art. Both Markovac and Vuckovic believed that art and society were inseparable and they evaluated music accordingly. Other prominent Serbian music writers, such as Miloje Milojevic, also voiced their opinions on the pages of the Zvuk magazine. Milojevic published essays on Johannes Brahms and Richard Strauss. He was also in favour of evaluating music within the given social context, but he advocated the ideas of Hyppolyte Taine. Zvuk remains the only Serbian music magazine that published articles on ancient Greek music. Milos Djuric, a classical philologist, philosopher and literary translator, wrote on music in ancient Boeotia and Lesbos. This subject has remained untackled in Serbian musicology to this very day. In order to address the wider audience, the Zvuk magazine also featured contributions concerning the boundary areas between music and other disciplines. As many as three articles on Friedrich Nietzsche's attitude towards music were published by Yuri Arbatsky and Matija Bravnicar. Notwithstanding its professional profi le, this magazine was also open for popular articles for wider intellectual audience. The essays on West European art music in the Zvuk magazine contributed to widening the scope of knowledge and public interest. The policy of the editorial board was to bring together writers of different ideological standpoints, by publishing their essays side by side. In this way, the public was presented with different ideas and beliefs, but also with professional information. It was clear that one-sidedness was not the policy of this magazine. On the contrary, the editors proved that it was possible for writers who thought differently to engage in a dialogue, even if they had no prior intention of doing so.
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Babo, Rosalina, Lurdes V. Babo, Jarkko T Suhonen, and Markku Tukiainen. "E- Assessment with Multiple-Choice Questions: A 5 Year Study of Students’ Opinions and Experience." Journal of Information Technology Education: Innovations in Practice 19 (2020): 001–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4491.
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Aim/Purpose: The aim of this study is to understand student’s opinions and perceptions about e-assessment when the assessment process was changed from the traditional computer assisted method to a multiple-choice Moodle based method. Background: In order to implement continuous assessment to a large number of students, several shifts are necessary, which implies as many different tests as the number of shifts required. Consequently, it is difficult to ensure homogeneity through the different tests and a huge amount of grading time is needed. These problems related to the traditional assessment based on computer assisted tests, lead to a re-design of the assessment resulting in the use of multiple-choice Moodle tests. Methodology: A longitudinal, concurrent, mixed method study was implemented over a five-year period. A survey was developed and carried out by 815 undergraduate students who experienced the electronic multiple-choice questions (eMCQ) assessment in the courses of the IS department. Qualitative analyses included open-ended survey responses and interviews with repeating students in the first year. Contribution: This study provides a reflection tool on how to incorporate frequent moments of assessment in courses with a high number of students without overloading teachers with a huge workload. The research analysed the efficiency of assessing non-theoretical topics using eMCQ, while ensuring the homogeneity of assessment tests, which needs to be complemented with other assessment methods in order to assure that students develop and acquire the expected skills and competencies. Findings: The students involved in the study appreciate the online multiple-choice quiz assessment method and perceive it as fair but have a contradictory opinion regarding the preference of the assessment method, throughout the years. These changes in perception may be related to the improvement of the question bank and categorisation of questions according to difficulty level, which lead to the nullification of the ‘luck factor’. Other major findings are that although the online multiple-choice quizzes are used with success in the assessment of theoretical topics, the same is not in evidence regarding practical topics. Therefore, this assessment needs to be complemented with other methods in order to achieve the expected learning outcomes. Recommendations for Practitioners: In order to be able to evaluate the same expected learning outcomes in practical topics, particularly in technology and information systems subjects, the evaluator should complement the online multiple-choice quiz assessment with other approaches, such as a PBL method, homework assignments, and/or other tasks performed during the semester. Recommendation for Researchers: This study explores e-assessment with online multiple-choice quizzes in higher education. It provides a survey that can be applied in other institutions that are also using online multiple-choice quizzes to assess non-theorical topics. In order to better understand the students’ opinions on the development of skills and competencies with online multiple-choice quizzes and on the other hand with classical computer assisted assessment, it would be necessary to add questions concerning these aspects. It would then be interesting to compare the findings of this study with the results from other institutions. Impact on Society: The increasing number of students in higher education has led to a raised use of e-assessment activities, since it can provide a fast and efficient manner to assess a high number of students. Therefore, this research provides meaningful insight of the stakeholders’ perceptions of online multiple-choice quizzes about practical topics. Future Research: An interesting study, in the future, would be to obtain the opinions of a particular set of students on two tests, one of the tests using online multiple-choice quizzes and the other through a classical computer assisted assessment method. A natural extension of the present study is a comparative analysis regarding the grades obtained by students who performed one or another type of assessment (online multiple-choice quizzes vs. classical computer assisted assessment).
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Yan, Haosyuan. "Genre Liederabend in creative practice by J. Kauffmann." Problems of Interaction Between Arts, Pedagogy and the Theory and Practice of Education 55, no. 55 (November 20, 2019): 183–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.34064/khnum1-55.13.
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Statement of the problem. Within the frameworks of interpretology, the performing style appears as the relation of two subjects (the performer and the subject of the music itself, recorded in the text), a meeting of the composing and performing thinking. It is every performance by Jonas Kaufmann, a prominent singer of the present, that becomes this meeting. According to the singer’s words, the «chamber form» invented by him and called Liederabend is the favourite form of his expression. Liederabend always demonstrates the singer’s outstanding acting skills, stage presence, strong voice and impeccable technique. Among the outstanding events there are the performances of G. Mahler’s chamber opuses (romances, «Song of the Earth», «Songs of the Dead Children», R. Strauss; Liederabends in Bamberg, Munich and the Metropolitan Opera with F. Liszt’s songs «Three Sonnets of Petrarch», G. Mahler, A. Dupark (including on Heine’s and Goethe’s verses), R. Wagner (Five Songs on Matilda Wesendonk’s verses), B. Britten (Seven Sonnets by Michelangelo). The singer’s attention to the AustrianGerman repertoire is the special trait of such chamber evenings. Analysis of recent publications on the topic. The main material on J. Kaufmann’s creative work is contained in numerous interviews, official site materials, Thomas Voigt’s book called «Meinen die wirklich mich», nonfiction articles and reviews on the performance of, in particular, Liederabends (T. Belova, T. Yelagin, E. Shapinska, Tim Ashley, and Christie Franke). From the studies of chamber and vocal performance (I. Gersamiya, T. Madysheva, T. Lymareva), the classification of dialogue quality (E. Stepanidina) in chamber music is involved. The systematic approach allows (based on G. Tsypin’s research) to identify the phenomenon of J. Kaufmann’s creativity. The purpose of the study is the formulation of the basic parameters of his performing style based on the analysis of J. Kaufmann’s Liederabends. Presentation of the main research material. In «The Winter Way» the singer resorts to such expressive means as a little exaggerated, chanted diction of the initial phrases («Sleep quietly»), radically contrasting dynamics of opera ff and subtle pp («Flood»), extremely slow tempo and filigree breathing («Inn»), «performance on the verge» of sound and silence («Loneliness», «Grey Hair», «Crow», and «Last Hope»). The centre of the performance concept is «Loneliness» (according to the singer himself). K. Frank sees the performance by Kaufmann as a rich spectrum of emotions; many listeners note the introversion of his expression. Concerning the conceptual dimension of J. Kaufmann’s interpretation of “The Winter Way”, the following facts were noted: the integrity and the construction of the performance form; the conscious avoidance of unnecessary expressiveness, monologue quality (the master connects the songs, creating an extended monologue), and artistry. Conclusions of the study. The analysis of Liederabends made it possible to find the components of J. Kaufmann’s performing style that characterize his individuality. 1. Intellectualism, conceptual design and «cyclicality» of the embodiment. For Liederabends the singer always chooses sophisticated programs, dominated by song cycles, or even the evenings devoted to the creative work of one composer. From the point of view of dramaturgy, the singer combines several songs into a kind of a micro-cycle, which enhances the monologue of the expression (dialogue «I-I»); the performance by the singer of any composition or cycle is always integral and intends for the catharsis. 2. The system of vocal expressive means that allow the singer to simulate different facets of images. Liederabends reflect the main features of J. Kaufmann’s style, which can also be noted in terms of opera interpretations: the economy of the performer, the singer’s commitment to conducting the cantilena, the role of the rhythmic component in the vocal score, the ability to tune his voice in different vocal ensembles, brilliant piano and mezzo voce, the brightness of forte, the filigree diminuendo and more. Kaufmann’s outwardly restrained manner of performance allows conveying the shades of poetic and musical text, reaching the heights peculiar to him as the performer of the tragic roles of the opera repertoire. In the chamber performance, some things sound even more pronounced. This applies to timbre (the singer can choose the desired colour of the voice, in particular, a matte or «steel» hue), the dynamic hue of ppp (sometimes a barely audible sound of the voice in the vocal cycle by F. Schubert gave a sense of boundary between the worlds, which is as if crossed by the lyric hero), diction (the singer speaks words clearly, and sometimes even sings in a recitative manner, in particular F. Schubert’s «Warrant»), and rhythm (he has a specific «acuteness» with certain disturbances of a uniform course, which has a powerful influence on the audience). Analysing the method of J. Kaufmann’s work with the author’s musical material, it is noted that he respectfully treats the text of the performed compositions, never exaggerates with “liberties” (agogic deviations, text notes, and fioritures). In terms of behavioural characteristics, J. Kaufmann’s performance always prevails in masculinity; from the point of view of the dialogue of the vocal and piano parties in J. Kaufmann’s Liederabends, the monologue quality is of great importance. All of the above allows us to identify another feature of Kaufmann’s performing style – his artistry. Due to his unstoppable artistic energy, which is felt by the listeners and visitors of Liederabends, the singer creates vivid, conceptual song evenings that are generally distinguished by the thoughtfulness of interpretations and which will surely be included in the collection of the world chamber performance. The prospect of further study of the topic is related to the study of J. Kaufmann’s performing style from the standpoint of interpretology.
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Stienaers, Bernd, and Karel Van Nieuwenhuyse. "Het nationale verleden in het Vlaamse geschiedenisonderwijs. Een kleinschalig geschiedenisdidactisch onderzoek bij leerkrachten gechiedenis in 2014." WT. Tijdschrift over de geschiedenis van de Vlaamse beweging 76, no. 3 (September 27, 2017): 199–223. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/wt.v76i3.12021.
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Sinds het begin van de 19de eeuw hechten Westerse regeringen veel belang aan de rol van geschiedenisonderricht in de vorming van een nationale identiteit en het streven naar nationale eenheid. Desondanks propageert de overheid in België sinds de jaren 1960 geen dominant nationaal verhaal (master narrative) meer over het (sub)nationale verleden. Ook in het Vlaamse onderwijs is het nationale verleden slechts marginaal aanwezig. Het referentiekader is er eerder Europees georiënteerd, gericht op het heden en de actuele samenleving. De eindtermen laten aan de geschiedenisleerkrachten grote inhoudelijke vrijheid in hun selectie van lesonderwerpen. De vraag stelt zich hoe geschiedenisleerkrachten het nationale verleden dan representeren in hun lessen, en vanuit welk (heden- of verledengericht) perspectief ze er betekenis aan toekennen. Dit artikel gaat in op een kleinschalig kwalitatief onderzoek naar de verhaalsjablonen die zestien Vlaamse geschiedenisleerkrachten uit de derde graad van het secundair onderwijs hanteerden in het ontwerpen van een lessenreeks over het nationale verleden en naar hun toekenning van betekenis aan gebeurtenissen uit dat verleden. Het doet daarbij een beroep op bestaande theoretische raamwerken, onder meer van James Wertsch. Onderzoek naar hoe verhaalsjablonen door geschiedenisleerkrachten worden gebruikt in hun lessen, werd evenwel vooralsnog niet gevoerd.Zestien geschiedenisleerkrachten, allen houder van een masterdiploma en minstens drie jaren werkzaam in het onderwijs namen deel aan dit onderzoek. Uit een lijst van dertig historische gebeurtenissen uit het nationale verleden moesten ze individueel de volgens hen tien belangrijkste selecteren. In een daaropvolgend individueel interview werd hun selectiemethode bevraagd. Daaruit bleek dat er geen dominant nationaal master narrative aanwezig was in de hoofden van de participerende leerkrachten. Eerder vertoonden ze een sterke Europese gerichtheid en pasten ze een Europees verhaalsjabloon toe, waarin duidelijk een parallel met de eindtermen herkend kan worden. Verder kenden de participanten op een evenwichtige manier verleden- zowel als hedengericht betekenis toe aan historische personen en gebeurtenissen. Opmerkelijk hierbij was dat ook de deconstructie van de collectieve herinnering diende als bron van historische betekenis, ook al moedigen de eindtermen geschiedenisleerkrachten hiertoe niet aan.________The National Past in Flemish History Education. A Small-Scale Historical and Didactic Study among History Teachers in 2014Since the beginning of the 19th Century, Western governments have attached a lot of importance to the role of history teaching in the formation of a national identity and the struggle for national unity. Nevertheless, since the 1960s the government in Belgium has not propagated a dominant national story, or master narrative, concerning the (sub)national past. The national past is also only marginally present in Flemish education. Rather, the frame of reference there is European-oriented, directed toward the present day and current society. The history standards leave history teachers a large freedom with regard to content in their selection of lesson subjects. The question arises of how history teachers then represent the national past in their lessons, and from which (present- or past-oriented) perspective they impart meaning to them. This article looks at a small-scale qualitative study of both the narrative templates that sixteen Flemish history teachers from the 11th and 12th grade use in the development of a series of lessons about the national past and also of the way in which they impart meaning to events from the past. In doing so, the article draws on existing theoretical frameworks, among others that of James Wertsch. Research into how history teachers used narrative templates in their lessons had not been done before.Sixteen history teachers, all holders of master’s degrees and having at least three years’ experience working in secondary school education, took part in this study. From a list of thirty historical events from the national past, each participant had to select what were, to them, the ten most important. In subsequent individual interviews they were asked about their selection method. From this, it appears that there was no dominant national master narrative present in the heads of the participating teachers. Instead, they demonstrated a strong European focus and applied a European narrative template, in which a parallel with the learning outcomes is clearly recognizable. In addition, the participants applied past- and present-oriented meanings to historical people and events in a balanced manner. It was noteworthy that the deconstruction of collective memory also served as a source of historical meaning, even if the learning outcomes do not encourage history teachers in this regard.
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Frezzato, Federica, Veronica Martini, Filippo Severin, Flavia Raggi, Marco Piccoli, Andrea Visentin, Edoardo Scomazzon, et al. "Calcium Mobilization in Unfavorable-Prognosis Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Patients Mediates Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) Cleavage, Thereby Its Activation." Blood 132, Supplement 1 (November 29, 2018): 5537. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-114492.
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Abstract INTRODUCTION Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) is the most common leukemia in the western world and is characterized by the accumulation of monoclonal B cells, due to both increased proliferation and apoptosis resistance. Although in the last years with the introduction of new kinase inhibitors blocking the pathways mediated by B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling we got an astonishing progress in the comprehension and treatment of this disease, CLL is still an incurable disease and many characteristics of its pathogenesis still remain unclear. Signaling events downstream the BCR engagement are central for the progression of CLL. Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK), one of the primary enzyme involved in the engagement of integrins and assembly of focal adhesions, plays a major role in cellular adhesion and metastasis of various cancers, being regulated by Calcium (Ca2+) flux and by Src-kinases (e.g. Lyn) through a Calpain-dependent manner following BCR triggering. FAK has been demonstrated to be over-expressed in many human cancers but a down-modulation of its expression has also been reported. Studies concerning FAK expression in CLL are lacking in the literature. However, since an interaction of FAK with molecules implicated in BCR signal transduction, such as the Src-kinase Lyn, has been demonstrated we hypothesize that this kinase could have a key role in CLL pathogenesis. METHODS FAK expression was analyzed in B-lymphocytes from 107 CLL patients and 10 healthy subjects by Western blotting (WB) and the obtained expression data were correlated with the clinical features of the patients. In 25 out of 107 patients studied, surface IgM and IgD expression has been evaluated by flow cytometry (FC). For Ca2+ mobilization assessment, 1x107 cells were incubated with 4μM Fluo-4-AM at 37°C for 30min and then analyzed by FC; after 30s of baseline acquisition, α-IgM F(ab')2 and α-IgD F(ab')2 (10μg/ml) were added and fluorescence intensity was recorded for 5min. Ionomycin was added as positive control. Phosphorylation at Tyr397 was assessed with a specific antibody. Leukemic B cells from patients were treated in vitro with 5μM Defactinib (FAK inhibitor) and the apoptosis induction was evaluated by Annexin V/Propidium Iodide flow cytometry test and by the presence of cleaved PARP by WB. RESULTS By WB analyses we demonstrated a slightly significant difference in FAK expression between patients and controls (p<0.05), the protein being particularly down-regulated in unmutated IGHV and del17p/del11q/12+ CLL patients. We observed that FAK down-modulation was limited to its whole form detected in WB at 125kDa, while bands related to FAK cleavage (92/94 and 84kDa) were detected also in those patients lacking full length-FAK. Cleaved-FAK is due to Calpain protease activity, when stimulated by the bond with Ca2+ ions. We then compared FAK expression with the capability of the cell to mobilize Ca2+ from intracellular stores, observing that patients with this capability had less amount of full length-FAK, which translated into a higher presence of cleaved/activated form of FAK. The cleavage bands infact were found phosphorylated at activatory Tyr397. Of note, only IGHV-unmutated patients showed these features. Lastly, we studied the effect of Defactinib, a specific FAK inhibitor, in CLL cells; this molecule was able to induce apoptosis in leukemic cell in a caspase-dependent way, as assessed by the presence of the cleaved PARP. CONCLUSIONS We herein propose that full length-FAK down-modulation could be considered as a new marker of unfavorable prognosis. In our model, poor prognosis CLL patients (particularly IGHV unmutated ones) presenting Ca2+ mobilization, are more prone to activate Calpain, which in turn activates FAK. Together with data from the literature, our results suggest that CLL cells missing the full length-FAK, not only are unaffected by the lack of it, but they rather present a cleaved/activated form of FAK that could favor cell migration and metastatic invasion. Moreover, since Defactinib can induce apoptosis in CLL cells, should these data be confirmed by in vivo studies, this FAK inhibitor could represent a new therapeutic approach for CLL. Disclosures Trentin: Gilead: Research Funding; Abbvie: Honoraria; Roche: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Janssen: Research Funding.
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T.M., Fanahei. "LEXICALISATION PECULIARITIES OF COGNITIVE FEATURES OF CONCEPTS “LANGUE”, «МОВА», «ЯЗЫК» IN FRENCH, UKRAINIAN AND RUSSIAN LANGUACULTURES." South archive (philological sciences), no. 86 (June 29, 2021): 116–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.32999/ksu2663-2691/2021-86-18.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose. The article aims to study the peculiarities of lexicalisation of cognitive features of concepts “langue”, «мова» and «язык» in French, Ukrainian and Russian languacultures by analysing phraseological units with representative words langue, мова and язык. The objects of the study are the concepts “langue” (language in French), «мова» (language in Ukrainian) та «язык» (language in Russian), and its subjects are phraseological units with lexicalised figurative features of these concepts. Methods. The article defines methodological features of the structure principle of selection of phraseological units, semiotic analysis and method of linguistic reconstruction. The article also provides definitions of key notions such as concept, conceptualisation and languaculture.Having performed the sample list of the research material, based on a structural principle, a semiotic analysis of the phraseological locutions was carried out to bring them to the corresponding domains of concepts “langue”, «мова» and «язык» and the method of linguistic reconstruction was used to correlate the figurative components of the phraseological locutions and their meaning with the corresponding lexicalised cognitive features of the concept. Further, a comparative study of the obtained results in French, Ukrainian and Russian languacultures was carried out.Results. All the results of the study are provided in the summary tables. It was revealed that all three studied languacultures have only one common cognitive feature – verbality, which proves that language in different languacultures is primarily a means of verbalisation and communication. Ukrainian and Russian languacultures also have (mis)understanding, identification and search among the common cognitive features, demonstrating that for the speakers of these languacultures, language is also a means of understanding and identification. Further, a number of specific for each languaculture cognitive features were singled out and analysed (Ukrainian – “mentality”, “periodicity”, “dynamism”, “desire”, “emotionality”, “ability”, “starting”, “control”, “successful conversation”, “spoiled conversation”, “logic”, “mysteriousness”, “topicality”, “precision”, “reticence”; Russian – “quantity”, “possession” and French – “motherhood”, “nationality”, “age” “reproductive preperty”, “dogmatism/stereotype”, “argotic”, “manner of expression”, “art”, “divinity”, “individual author’s style”, “use”, “tyranny”, “wood” and “green colour”).Conclusions. The performed research of phraseological units with words-representatives langue, мова, язык made it possible to identify a number of common and specific to French, Ukrainian and Russian languacultures domains and cognitive features of the concepts “langue”, «мова», «язык».Common domains of the studied concepts of Ukrainian and Russian languacultures are “language-ability” and “language-means”, and among the specific domains of the languacultures we can find Ukrainian “language-conversation” and French “language-type of language”, “language-code”, “language-lect/style” and “language-system”.Considering the results of the study, the conclusions were drawn concerning the specificity of conceptualisation of the language by French, Ukrainian and Russian native speakers. Language in all the analyzed languacultures is primarily the means of communication, and for the speakers of the studied Slavic languages it is also the means of understanding and identification in society. For the Ukrainians, the language also has a connection with thinking processes, emotions and feelings, as well as it is related to the concepts of competence, control and language/conversation character. For the speakers of Russian languaculture, cognitive features of the language like “quantity” and “possession” belong to the group of features about the language’s governance by speakers. And the French speakers conceptualise the language in connection with the concepts of motherhood, art and divinity and correlate the language with its use. The concept “langue” can also have the features of objects. Language for the French can be dogmatic and stereotypical, and its manner of expression can be specific (argotic or individual). For the speakers of French languaculture, language can also indicate the nationality and the age of its speakers, from which they began to use it.Key words: conceptualisation, phraseological units, concept domains, objectification, language. Мета. Стаття має на меті дослідження особливостей лексикалізації когнітивних ознак досліджуваних концептів у фран-цузькій, українській та російській лінгвокультурах за допомогою аналізу фразеологічних одиниць із словами-репрезентанта-ми langue, мова та язык. Об’єктом цього дослідження є концепти “langue”, «мова» та «язык», а його предметом виступають фразеологічні одиниці з лексикалізованими у них образними ознаками цих концептів. Методи. У статті визначено методологічні особливості структурного принципу відбору фразеологічних одиниць, семіо-тичного аналізу та методу лінгвокультурологічної реконструкції. Також наведені визначення таких ключових понять, як кон-цепт, концептуалізація та лінгвокультура.Після вибірки матеріалу дослідження за структурним принципом, проведено семіотичний аналіз виокремлених фразеологізмів для їх віднесення до відповідних доменів концептів “langue”, «мова» та «язык»; використано метод лінгвокультурологічноїреконструк-ціїдля співвіднесення образних компонентів фразеологізмів та їх значення із відповідними лексикалізованими когнітивними ознаками концепту. Далі проведено зіставний аналіз отриманих результатів у французькій, українській та російській лінгвокультурах.Результати. Усі результати дослідження наглядно представлено у підсумкових таблицях. Виявлено, що всі три дослі-джувані лінгвокультури мають тільки одну спільну когнітивну ознаку – вербальність, що доводить, що мова у різних лінг-вокультурах перш за все є засобом вербалізації та спілкування. Українська та російська лінгвокультури також мають серед спільних когнітивних ознак (не)порозуміння, ідентифікацію та пошук, які демонструють, що для носіїв цих лінгвокультур мова також є засобом порозуміння та ідентифікації. Далі виокремлено та проаналізовано низку специфічних для кожноїз трьох лінгвокультур когнітивних ознак (українські – «ментальність», «періодичність», «динамічність», «бажання», «емоційність», «здатність», «початок», «контроль», «успішна розмова», «зіпсована розмова», «логічність», «таємничість», «актуальність», «влучність», «небагатослівність»; російські – «кількість», «володіння» та французькі – «материнство», «національність», «вік», «репродуктивність», «догматичність/стереотипність», «арготичність», «манера висловлювання», «мистецтво», «боже-ственність», «індивідуальний стиль автора», «уживання», «тиранія», «деревина» та «зелений колір»).Висновки. Виконане дослідження фразеологічних одиниць із словами-репрезентантами langue, мова, язык дало змогувиявити низку спільних та специфічних французькій, українській та російській лінгвокультурам доменів та когнітивних ознак концептів “langue”, «мова», «язык». Спільними доменами досліджуваних концептів української та російської лінгвокультур є «мова-здатність» та «мова-засіб», а серед специфічних доменів ми знаходимо українську «мову-розмову» та французькі «мову-тип мови», «мову-код», «мову-лект/стиль» та «мову-систему». Зважаючи на результати дослідження, зроблено висновки щодо специфіки концептуалізації мови носіями французької, української та російської мов.Мова у всіх проаналізованих лінгвокультурах перш за все є засобом спілкування, а для носіїв досліджуваних слов’янських мов також засобом порозуміння та ідентифікації у суспільстві. Для українців мова також має зв’язок із мисленнєвими процесами, емоціями та почуттями, а також пов’язана із поняттями компетентності, контролю та характеру (роз)мови. Для носіїв російської лінгвокультури когнітивні ознаки мови «кількість» та «володіння» належать до групи ознак про урядування мови мовцями. А французи концептуалізують мову у зв’язку з поняттями материнства, мистецтва та божественності та співвідносять мову із її вживанням. Концепт “langue” також може мати предметні ознаки. Мова для французів може бути догматичною та стереотипною, а її манера висловлювання – специфічною (арготичною чи індивідуальною). Для носіїв французької лінгвокультури мова також може вказувати на національність та вік її носіїв, з якого вони почали її вживати. Ключові слова: концептуалізація, фразеологічні одиниці, концептуальні домени, об’єктивація, мова.
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Lapeña, José Florencio F. "On Research and Publication: the Specialty Society and its Scholarly Journal." Philippine Journal of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 28, no. 1 (June 18, 2013): 4–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.32412/pjohns.v28i1.489.
Full textAbstract:
“Research, no matter how ‘good’, is incomplete, until it has been published.”1
The Philippine Society of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery has been promoting research among Residents and Fellows through various fora (including research contests), even creating a research fund (albeit, with no takers). It has also supported the Philippine Journal of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery as its official scientific publication and primary forum for publishing research. This year, our Board of Trustees has finally taken concrete steps to merge our research and publication initiatives in order to streamline both processes. In effect, all papers submitted to the various research contests of the society will be reviewed and revised prior to oral presentation, through the editorial management system of our journal. In this manner, both the contests and the journal benefit, as pre-final papers chosen for oral presentation would have already been reviewed and revised for publication. Indeed, “publishing” means to make something public.2 If the ratio of research presentations to publications is taken, it is fair to conclude that we may not lack in research, but we certainly lag in publication. Why publish?
“Similar to others who write (historians and poets), scientists and those involved in research need to write … to leave behind a documented legacy of their accomplishments.”1 Whatever we discover or unearth in the laboratory, clinic or in the field; whether from samples, specimens, subjects, patients or participants; utilizing theoretical or applied instruments, materials and methods; simply “did not happen” unless it is documented and disseminated. In Filipino,“kung hindi nakasulat, hindi nangyari.” How often do we hear side-comments like “naisip ko na iyan,” or “na-presenta ko na iyan” or even “sinulat ko na iyan” at a scientific meeting where a speaker presents a study. The sad fact of the matter is many of these colleagues may indeed have had similar thoughts, or delivered previous oral presentations, or even written reports. But because not of these had been properly published, they remain inaccessible to subsequent scholars, and are therefore neither cited nor acknowledged.
“While ‘doing’ the research is important, ‘writing’ about why and how it was done, what was found, and what it means is far more important as it serves as a permanent record of scientific work that has been completed and accepted by peers.”1 And writing and publishing are an entirely different ball game from researching alone. Publication, or “making ideas public,” allows “scholars (to) provide each other with the opportunity to build on each other’s contributions, create dialogue (sometimes heated) with one another and join the documented and ongoing history of their field.”2 It is by participating in this “documented and ongoing history” of our field that we and our specialty society gain international recognition and become internationally competitive.
Taking your place in the history of scholarship starts where you are, as an author. Publication involves communication between the author and his or her audience via the written article.3 Unlike public speakers or performing artists, the author’s interaction with the audience is limited by the written and published work. Hence, “a successful researcher is usually a good communicator who has the ability to maximize the transmission of research findings to his or her chosen audience.”1 Our journal editors “go the extra mile” to maximize manuscripts for communication. Unlike most journals, we do not reject poorly-written submissions outright and often help rewrite them extensively. Aside from form- and content- editing, we even assist in revisions following the review process. Unfortunately, few authors seem to appreciate or understand this—and ironically, those who do are mostly overseas authors. Perhaps our local colleagues do not fully realize the career, professional, institutional and practical advantages that can be gained from writing and publication.4
Career benefits of publication “may have the most direct bearing on … appointment, promotion, tenure and advancement within your institution, organization and discipline.”2 This is especially true for those of us in academe, but it certainly should also be true as far as our specialty training and accreditation programs are concerned. For instance, publications of specialty board examiners and accreditors are integral to their appointment and retention in learned societies here and abroad.
Professional benefits include “applying for positions in foreign institutions, and when applying for competitive overseas fellowships”1 I have received numerous urgent requests from residents and young diplomates (unaware of the editing and peer review process) to publish research they undertook in training so they can fulfill publication requirements for overseas positions or fellowships. For more senior consultants, “gaining recognition as experts … at regional and international levels leads to invitations to lecture at scientific meetings … appointments as consultants to external agencies … and advisory boards.”1 Closer to home, publication “increases depth of knowledge in a particular subject that complements and hones clinical skills, and enables better teaching of students, clinical trainees and postgraduates.”1
Concerning institutional benefits, “publication in peer-reviewed journals is arguably the most important means to achieve international recognition for an individual, department, hospital, and university.”1 Moreover, “the author’s country, and even the region, may also derive benefit from published work, particularly if it is on a topic of major importance.”1 At least in the medical field, Filipino publications have made their mark, although sparsely.
Finally, the practical benefits gained from engaging in the research and publication process cannot be overlooked. The “inherent training gained during the process of manuscript preparation,” the “discipline of performing a thorough literature search, collating and analyzing data and drafting and repeatedly revising the manuscript”1 during the editing and review process, provide undeniable practical benefits to the author. Researchers who have published are much better positioned to evaluate scholarly publications, having themselves experienced the writing, editing and review process. In this era of “information overload” the published researcher can more effectively evaluate and utilize available evidence. This translates to elevating the scientific and scholarly milieu in our specialty society and training institutions.
Indeed, we are entering a new era for both the PSOHNS and PJOHNS. Hopefully, the streamlined submission and review process will facilitate presentation and publication, in quantity and quality for many years to come.