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1
Diwan, Ishac. Voluntary choices in concerted deals: Mechanics and attributes of the menu approach. Washington, DC (1818 H St. NW, Washington 20433): International Economics Department, World Bank, 1990.
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2
Al-Hassan, Omar. The Kingdom of Bahrain: The mechanisms of international parties concerned with human rights. London: Gulf Centre for Strategic Studies Ltd, 2013.
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3
Schiller, Dan. Beyond a U.S.-centric Internet? University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038761.003.0013.
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This chapter examines the mechanism of the United States's internet control over the Domain Name System (DNS). The mechanism of U.S. internet control over the DNS was formalized after President Bill Clinton directed the Commerce Department to privatize the DNS in 1997. Legal contracts were drawn up, binding the Department to a for-profit corporation called VeriSign and to a private, not-for-profit corporation, the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN). The chapter considers the Commerce Department's DNS initiative as an example of the geopolitics of today's internet, an extraterritorial projection of U.S. policymaking that was extraordinary for transforming into a venue where other countries mounted a concerted diplomatic challenge to U.S. power. The chapter also discusses the multi-stakeholderism in U.S.-centric internet and Edward Snowden's revelations regarding the National Security Agency's surveillance of global internet traffic.
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Advances in Detailed Reaction Mechanisms: Radical, Single Electron Transfer, and Concerted Reactions : 1991 (Advances in Detailed Reaction Mechanisms). JAI Press, 1991.
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5
Williams, Andrew. Concerted Organic and Bio-Organic Mechanisms (New Directions in Organic and Biological Chemistry). CRC, 1999.
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6
Grand complimentary concert to Mrs. Godard at the Mechanics' Institute: Friday eve'g., Nov. 17 : programme. [Saint John, N.B.?: s.n., 1986.
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7
Association, Saint John Musical, ed. Concert!: The Saint John Musical Association will give a concert at the Mechanics' Institute, on Friday evening, 12th inst. .. [S.l: s.n., 1986.
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8
Saint John Oratorio Society (N.B.), ed. St. John Oratorio Society, Mechanics' Institute: Tuesday evening, July 10th, 1888 : Handel's sacred oratorio, Judas Maccabæus, with orchestra and chorus .. [S.l: s.n., 1987.
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9
New Brunswick Historical Society, ninth anniversary musical festival: Mechanics' Institute, Monday, Nov. 26th, at 8 p.m., for Centennial Arbor Day Fund. [S.l: s.n., 1986.
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10
Escudier, Marcel. Introduction to Engineering Fluid Mechanics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198719878.001.0001.
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Turbojet and turbofan engines, rocket motors, road vehicles, aircraft, pumps, compressors, and turbines are examples of machines which require a knowledge of fluid mechanics for their design. The aim of this undergraduate-level textbook is to introduce the physical concepts and conservation laws which underlie the subject of fluid mechanics and show how they can be applied to practical engineering problems. The first ten chapters are concerned with fluid properties, dimensional analysis, the pressure variation in a fluid at rest (hydrostatics) and the associated forces on submerged surfaces, the relationship between pressure and velocity in the absence of viscosity, and fluid flow through straight pipes and bends. The examples used to illustrate the application of this introductory material include the calculation of rocket-motor thrust, jet-engine thrust, the reaction force required to restrain a pipe bend or junction, and the power generated by a hydraulic turbine. Compressible-gas flow is then dealt with, including flow through nozzles, normal and oblique shock waves, centred expansion fans, pipe flow with friction or wall heating, and flow through axial-flow turbomachinery blading. The fundamental Navier-Stokes equations are then derived from first principles, and examples given of their application to pipe and channel flows and to boundary layers. The final chapter is concerned with turbulent flow. Throughout the book the importance of dimensions and dimensional analysis is stressed. A historical perspective is provided by an appendix which gives brief biographical information about those engineers and scientists whose names are associated with key developments in fluid mechanics.
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New Mechanics Hall, London: Monday evening, Oct. 29, 1877, reserved seats, 75 and 50 cents, for sale at Nordheimer's Store : Mendelssohn Quintette Club Concert .. [S.l: s.n., 1986.
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12
City Hall concert & readings: The directors of the London Mechanics' Institute, will hold a grand concert in the City Hall, on Friday, Feb. 14, 1873. [S.l: s.n., 1985.
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13
Grand concert!: Given at the Mechanics' Institute on Wednesday evening, October 28, by Mrs. G.H. Perley, assisted by a number of lady and gentlemen amateurs. [S.l: s.n., 1986.
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14
Mechanics' Institute of Saint John (N.B.), ed. Mechanics' Institute: Lecture season, 1871-'72, grand concert! the president and directors of the St. John Mechanics' Institute .. [S.l: s.n., 1987.
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15
Complimentary concert to Mr. W.E. Hiscott at the new Mechanics' Hall under the patronage of Lieut.-Col. Walker and officers of the battalion and garrison, on Friday evening, Dec. 21st. [S.l.]: Advertiser, 1985.
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16
Kresin, Vladimir, Sergei Ovchinnikov, and Stuart Wolf. Superconducting State. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198845331.001.0001.
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For the past almost fifty years, scientists have been trying to explain the phenomenon of superconductivity. The mechanism is the key ingredient of microscopic theory, which was developed by Bardeen, Cooper, and Schrieffer in 1957. The theory also introduced the basic concepts of pairing, coherence length, energy gap, and so on. Since then, microscopic theory has undergone an intensive development. This book provides a very detailed theoretical treatment of the key mechanisms of superconductivity, including the current state of the art (phonons, magnons, plasmons). In addition, the book contains descriptions of the properties of the key superconducting compounds that are of the most interest for science and applications. For many years, there has been a search for new materials with higher values of the main parameters, such as the critical temperature and critical current. At present, the possibility of observing superconductivity at room temperature has become perfectly realistic. That is why the book is especially concerned with high-Tc systems such as high-Tc oxides, hydrides with record values for critical temperature under high pressure, nanoclusters, and so on. A number of interesting novel superconducting systems have been discovered recently, including topological materials, interface systems, and intercalated graphene. The book contains rigorous derivations based on statistical mechanics and many-body theory. The book also provides qualitative explanations of the main concepts and results. This makes the book accessible and interesting for a broad audience.
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Engstrom, Par. Human Rights: Effectiveness of International and Regional Mechanisms. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.214.
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The issue of human rights presents a dilemma for the discipline of international relations (IR) in general and the literature on international institutions in particular. Since international human rights institutions are primarily, but not exclusively, concerned with how states treat their own citizens, they seek to empower individual citizens and groups vis-à-vis their own governments. A major concern is whether such institutions make a difference for the protection and promotion of human rights. This concern has spawned a series of research questions and some major lines of enquiry. The study of human rights regimes has developed at the interface between IR and international law, along with the norms and practices of global human rights institutions. In addition, human rights has been institutionalized globally through the United Nations system and the connections between the development over time of international human rights institutions on the one hand, and their relative effectiveness in shaping human rights behavior on the other. The development and impact of international human rights law and policy have also been influenced by regionalism. While the research on human rights regimes has provided important insights into the role of institutions in narrowing the gap between the rhetoric and practice of human rights, there are crucial areas that need further scholarly attention, such as the domestic actors and institutions that act and could potentially act as “compliance constituencies” and conduits of domestic implementation linking international human rights norms to domestic political and legal institutions and actors.
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Owen, Kenneth. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198827979.003.0007.
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The organizational mechanisms that lay behind the success of Thomas McKean’s gubernatorial campaign in 1799 would have been strikingly familiar to those who had formed county committees and military associations in the lead-up to independence. For all the political turbulence in Pennsylvania in the preceding two and a half decades, certain principles remained constant. These principles concerned the use of extra-governmental political mechanisms as a means through which the activism of ordinary Pennsylvanians could be closely connected to the formal political process....
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Programme of a concert to take place at the hall of the Saint John Mechanics' Institute, on Thursday evening, 17th February, 1842: In aid of the funds of the institution .. [S.l: s.n., 1986.
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20
William A, Schabas. Part 2 Jurisdiction, Admissibility, and Applicable Law: Compétence, Recevabilité, Et Droit Applicable, Art.17 Issues of admissibility/Questions relatives à la recevabilité. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198739777.003.0022.
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This chapter comments on Article 17 of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. Article 17 sets out the mechanism for ensuring that the Court is indeed complementary to national justice systems. It was carefully negotiated to ensure that States Parties would enjoy a level of confidence that their sovereign right to try crimes committed on their territory would not be encroached upon by the Court. Article 17 imposes three tests for admissibility: ‘complementarity’, double jeopardy (ne bis in idem), and gravity. The Court may not proceed with a case when the concerned States are investigating or prosecuting in good faith.
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Ivanovitch, Roman. The Brilliant Style. Edited by Danuta Mirka. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199841578.013.0013.
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The brilliant style, described loosely by Leonard Ratner as rapid passages for virtuoso display, has been a mainstay of modern topic theory, often invoked in conjunction with the singing style to account for the basic contrastive mechanism of the classical style. This chapter explores some contextual bases for the topic, suggesting that eighteenth-century linguistic usage can offer useful nuance and proposing a topical home in the genre of the concerto. Illustrations relate to the concerto, aria, symphony, and quartet, and examine both keyboard and string virtuosity. At the heart of the brilliant style is a set of propensities for public and theatrical modes, tied to a sense of occasion; it can highlight tensions between composer and performer, and relates directly to our constructions of the active “persona” in a composition or performance.
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Levien, Michael. From Primitive Accumulation to Regimes of Dispossession. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198792444.003.0003.
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In order to analyze land alienation in contemporary India, Shapan Adnan follows a theoretical approach in which mechanisms of primitive accumulation are not restricted to use of force, but include land transfer by agreement, as well as indirect mechanisms that are concerned with very different objectives. Reviewing evidence on land grabs, resistance, and workforce trends, he argues that primitive accumulation under neoliberal globalization has not been substantially followed by the absorption of the dispossessed in regular capitalist employment. Adnan puts forward a set of hypotheses to explain why the self-employed constituted at least half or more of the Indian workforce over 1999–2012. While such trends indicate a partial and short-run divergence from the classic Marxian schema of the transition to capitalism, Adnan argues that, given ongoing trends in the national and global economy, the long run outcome in India remains an open question.
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Leaver, Jane. Burns and plastic surgery. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642663.003.0024.
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A burn is a thermal insult to the skin and underlying tissue. A good understanding of the physiology of burns is essential to effectively manage the burn patient’s care, in order to optimize recovery from a potentially life-threatening injury. An ABCDE approach is used to assess the patient, along with gaining a comprehensive history, including mechanisms of injury, the time elapsed since the burn, and any treatment already initiated. Plastic surgery is concerned with correcting or restoring form and function. It can involve reconstructive surgery, the treatment of burns, the removal of lesions, and cosmetic surgical procedures.
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Colin, Bamford. 3 Payment. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198722113.003.0003.
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The chapter examines the process of payment, both as a description of the way in which a monetary obligation is discharged, and as a process by which money is transmitted from one person to another. In the former case, the chapter describes the operation of set-off, netting, consolidation of accounts, and the operation of running accounts. In the latter case, it deals with the mechanisms for payment in the UK, internationally and at the level of the EU through the TARGET2 system, focusing in each case on the process of clearing through the central bank of the currency concerned.
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Ferstman, Carla. International Organizations and the Fight for Accountability. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808442.001.0001.
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This book is concerned with reparation for human rights and international humanitarian law breaches committed by or attributed to international organizations. These breaches constitute internationally wrongful acts which, according to the International Law Commission’s Draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations, give rise to an obligation on the offending organization to afford reparation. However, in practice, the obligation to afford reparation is unimplemented. The book explores why this is. It considers how the law of responsibility intersects with the specialized regimes of human rights and international humanitarian law and, particularly, their application to remedies and reparation owed to individuals. It reviews the various gaps in the law and the limitations of existing redress mechanisms. The book analyses the cogency of the arguments and rationales that have been used by international organizations to limit their liability and the scope and functioning of redress mechanisms, included by the resort to lex specialis principles. It is postulated that the standards of reparation must be drawn from the nature of the breach and the resulting harms and not by who is responsible for the breach. In this respect the book is an exercise in the progressive development of the law. Having determined that existing redress mechanisms cannot afford adequate or effective remedies and reparation, the book explores how to move towards a model that achieves greater compliance.
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Stefan, Vogenauer. Ch.4 Interpretation, Introduction to Chapter 4 of the PICC. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198702627.003.0075.
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Chapter 4 of the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (PICC) deals with the interpretation of contracts, unilateral statements, and other conduct of the parties. The concept of contractual interpretation underlying the PICC is that of ‘determining the meaning to be attached to the terms of a contract’. In the context of dispute resolution, interpretation is concerned with establishing whether a given set of facts falls within the scope of application of a contractual term and therefore triggers the legal consequences spelt out in this term. The PICC seek to distinguish the process of interpretation from that of supplying omitted contractual terms and from that of implying obligations, although there is no clear line between these three mechanisms.
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Ott, Walter. The Dioptrique. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198791713.003.0004.
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Descartes’s treatment of perception in the Optics, though published before the Meditations, contains a distinct account of sensory experience. The end of the chapter suggests some reasons for this oddity, but that the two accounts are distinct is difficult to deny. Descartes in the present work topples the brain image from its throne. In its place, we have two mechanisms, one purely causal, the other inferential. Where the proper sensibles are concerned, the ordination of nature suffices to explain why a given sensation is triggered on the occasion of a given brain motion. The same is true with regard to the common sensibles. But on top of this purely causal story, Descartes re-introduces his doctrine of natural geometry.
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Frédéric Gilles, Sourgens, Duggal Kabir, and Laird Ian A. Part V Safeguarding the Process, 12 Evidence and Annulment. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198753506.003.0012.
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This chapter considers annulment in the context of the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID). Here, annulment controls the process of arbitral decision-making rather than its result. As a control mechanism, annulment is centrally concerned with the question whether a tribunal applied the principles of evidence codified in arbitral procedure or cast those same principles aside to make a decision on a completely different basis. Parties perceive the legitimacy of a process of dispute settlement in terms of the predictability with which decision-makers appraise their factual submissions. As such, principles of evidence are central to the mission of annulment to ‘maintain the vitality and integrity of a process of dispute resolution by providing the degree of supervision sufficient to correct violations of parties’ expectations in a way that sustains confidence in the efficiency and fairness of ICSID arbitration’.
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Stuart, Casey-Maslen, Clapham Andrew, Giacca Gilles, and Parker Sarah. Art.19 Dispute Settlement. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198723523.003.0023.
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This chapter analyses Article 19 of the ATT. The article establishes the process by which disputes between two or more states parties regarding the interpretation or application of the treaty should be settled. States parties are obliged to consult to pursue settlement of any such dispute. Beyond this, all peaceful means of dispute settlement are only obligatory to the extent that the concerned states parties mutually consent to the means in question. Paragraph 1 of the article obliges states parties to consult, and, by mutual consent, to co-operate to settle any dispute that may arise between them with regard to interpretation or application of the treaty. A non-exhaustive list of possible dispute settlement mechanisms is provided: negotiation, mediation, conciliation, judicial settlement, and other peaceful means.
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Salmon, Pierre. Yardstick Competition among Governments. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190499167.001.0001.
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When the existence of several jurisdictions (countries, regions, or cities) is acknowledged, the possibility arises that citizens compare what obtains in their own jurisdiction to what obtains in others. These cross-jurisdiction or yardstick comparisons can have an effect on citizens’ support of incumbents (yardstick voting) and, as a consequence, an effect on governments’ decisions, making them interact (political yardstick competition proper). Both effects have been mainly studied in the context of federalism and decentralization, with the policy variables concerned being mostly fiscal (taxes and expenditures). In that relatively simple setting, the two effects have been confirmed empirically. This book aims to document and analyze that achievement and also to extend the analysis to broader settings in terms of jurisdictions and policy domains. It is mostly in that broader context, especially when national governments are involved, that the systemic implications of yardstick competition come to the fore. With regard to electoral or downward accountability, the mechanism tends to re-empower citizens by mitigating the disabling effects of information asymmetry. With regard to policy-making, yardstick competition represents a force, latent or actual, that constrains or influences the decisions of governments. The mechanism is simple but the political settings in which it operates, crucial for its understanding, are definitely complex. A methodological justification of how the matter is treated is placed at the end of the book.
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Bucher, Taina. Life at the Top. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190493028.003.0004.
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Algorithms play a fundamental role in governing the conditions of the intelligible and the sensible online. If users provide the data, the techniques, and procedures to make sense of it, to navigate, assemble, and make meaningful connections among individual pieces of data is increasingly being delegated to various forms of algorithms. In the case of the world’s biggest and most used social media platform, Facebook, algorithmic mechanisms shape the concerted distribution of people, information, actions, and ways of seeing and being seen. The chapter investigates how this kind of algorithmic intervention into people’s information-sharing practices takes place and what are the principles and logics of Facebook’s algorithmic governance. Through an analysis of the algorithmic logics structuring the flow of information and communication on Facebook’s news feed, the argument is made that the regime of visibility constructed imposes a perceived threat of invisibility on the part of the participatory subject.
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Dabhoiwala, Faramerz. Writing Petitions in Early Modern England. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198748267.003.0007.
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Dabhoiwala explores the mechanics of claim-making and the emotional register in which that might be done, focusing on claims addressed not to a wide audience but to a specific and official one: he is concerned with private petitions addressed through the Master of Requests to Charles II. This channel, he argues, was primarily used by those below gentry rank. To make their case effectively, such people tended to turn to specialists with technical knowledge. Drawing on the papers of a scrivener whose services were valued, he examines how this process worked. The scrivener could advise his clients on what was expected, and in that context lived experience mattered less than its formulaic invocation.
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Trzebiatowska, Marta. Contributions from Sociology. Edited by Adrian Thatcher. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199664153.013.018.
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Sociologists are concerned with the way human behaviour is patterned. They look for plausible explanations of phenomena that strike them as important due to their objective prevalence in social life. This chapter outlines the social scientific tools for studying religion, gender, and sexuality. Drawing on a range of examples from sociology of religion it explores the significance of individuals’ dispositions on the one hand and opportunities they encounter in their everyday lives on the other. The overall argument emphasizes the need for more collaboration between social scientists and theologians, or religious studies scholars. It suggests that secular sociologists would do well to consider the possibility of change in gender relations within religious contexts, and religious scholars could learn from the sociological method of inquiry to understand better the structurally determined mechanisms which make the symbolic gender order so resistant to change.
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Bouchard, David-Étienne. The non-modality of opinion verbs. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198718208.003.0005.
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This chapter is concerned with the interpretation of predicates of personal taste and epistemic modals. Specifically, I argue that while there are some interpretive similarities between the two, they do not warrant the unified treatment that they receive in Stephenson (2007) and others. I show that the relevant judge for predicates of personal taste and the relevant knower for epistemic modals can only be assigned by non-overlapping syntactic means. More specifically, epistemic verbs do not necessarily shift the judge of their embedded clause, and opinion verbs are not licensed by the presence of an epistemic modal in the complement, only by a true predicate of personal taste. I therefore argue that the interpretation of epistemic modals should not contain any reference to a judge index, and that judge dependency should not be accounted for using the mechanisms of modal semantics.
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Ehrlich, Benjamin. Cajal and Dream Research. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190619619.003.0003.
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Cajal published a total of about three hundred and fifty scientific articles. The majority of these are concerned with the structure of the nervous system, six of them are on the subject of psychology, and only a single one is on dreaming. Although he did not value the content of dreams, Cajal was fascinated by their neurobiological mechanisms. During sleep, the cells throughout the brain that are hyperactive during daytime operations—especially those responsible for “the critical faculty”—are exhausted and rest; meanwhile, the fresh cells that store unused impressions are free to perform their gymnastics, randomly synthesizing their impulses. Through analysis of thousands of dreams through visual dreaming in a technique he referred to as “the introspective method,” he concluded that there was no involvement from any cells in the retina. This avant-garde finding reflects our contemporary thinking about dreaming.
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Rüfner, Thomas. Imperial Cognitio Process. Edited by Paul J. du Plessis, Clifford Ando, and Kaius Tuori. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198728689.013.20.
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Legal historians use the term cognitio process with reference to innovations introduced in the Roman system of court procedure during the Imperial epoch. In civil procedure, these innovations concerned the institution of proceedings, the trial procedure, the methods of forced execution, and the appellate review of judgements. The new mechanisms developed gradually and independently of each other. It took several hundred years, until a new and coherent system of civil procedure had formed and taken the place of the old formulary procedure. It is clear that the emergence of the cognitio process is linked to the constitutional changes in the Roman Empire and that some of the new rules enhanced the emperor’s control over the court system. At the same time, some changes in the procedural system tended to make civil justice in the Empire more effective and more accessible for litigants who were not members of the elites.
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Bestmann, Sven, Christian C. Ruff, Jon Driver, and Felix Blankenburg. Concurrent TMS and functional magnetic resonance imaging: methods and current advances. Edited by Charles M. Epstein, Eric M. Wassermann, and Ulf Ziemann. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198568926.013.0036.
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Transcranial magnetic stimulation is used for a wide range of applications in cognitive, clinical, and neuroscience. However, the precise physiological mechanisms by which TMS influences brain function are only partially understood. Combining TMS with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) provides a more complete picture of the neural underpinnings of TMS effects. This article gives an overview of methodology and technical aspects concerned with combining TMS with fMRI. Furthermore, it explains the challenges involved with the combination of TMS with fMRI and proposes solutions to the same. It also focuses on recent applications of concurrent TMS-fMRI. Combining TMS with fMRI may allow a new noninvasive probe technique for the human brain. TMS-fMRI can be used to compare TMS-evoked effective connectivity in health and disease. It can potentially be used to investigate connectivity changes during different states, with different degrees of involvement for interconnected brain regions during different tasks.
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Sahakyan, Lili, and Nathaniel L. Foster. The Need for Metaforgetting. Edited by John Dunlosky and Sarah (Uma) K. Tauber. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199336746.013.26.
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Theories of metamemory are primarily concerned with mechanisms that improve memory; they do not account for processes that reduce accessibility of unwanted information, as in intentional forgetting. The chapter proposes that introducing separate terms like metaremembering and metaforgetting highlights the distinction between remembering and forgetting as different dimensions of memory. It reviews empirical evidence from directed forgetting studies. List-method directed forgetting depends on engaging active forgetting strategies, indicating the importance of control in successful intentional forgetting. The decision to engage in forgetting strategies, in turn, is affected by memory monitoring as evidenced through preexisting confidence about one’s own memory ability, as well as judgments of learning solicited during the task. In item-method directed forgetting, participants control rehearsal by selectively retrieving earlier items believed to be more memorable, even when such beliefs are illusory. The chapter discusses the role of metacognitive monitoring and control in these active forms of forgetting.
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Dermot, Groome. Part II The Right to Know, A General Principles, Principle 2 The Inalienable Right to the Truth. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198743606.003.0006.
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Principle 2 is concerned with the inalienable right to truth, a right that arises from the right to know and obliges governments to establish mechanisms to facilitate the revelation of the truth about serious violations of human rights. The right to truth has been explicitly incorporated into several international instruments and, in 2010, became expressly guaranteed in the International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance (ICPPED). In practice, the right to truth is realized through laws enabling requests for state-held information; archives; truth commissions; national and international courts; and human rights commissions. After providing a contextual and historical overview of Principle 2, this chapter describes its normative (legal/ethical) foundation, focusing on how its interpretation is influenced by international law and how it relates to notions of transitional justice. It also analyzes the applications of the Principle in practice.
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Buhler, James. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199371075.003.0001.
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From its beginnings in the later nineteenth century, film—“moving pictures”—posed problems for critics, philosophers, and others concerned with the nature of art. At one level it was an abstract question: could film, a product of mechanical reproduction, be an aesthetic object at all? At another level, it was a matter of mechanics and effects: what did film do, and how did it do it? At still another level, it was a matter of cultural hierarchy: how did film as a popular art form relate to the very well-established categories of the theater, painting, opera, and so forth? This chapter lays out central issues such as the distinction between representation and reproduction, the nature of the sound film, the proper sound accompaniment for a film, and the question of the audiovisual hybridity of the medium.
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Holmes, Sean P. Ain’t No Peace in the Family Now. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037481.003.0007.
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This chapter focuses on new technology and its impact on acting as an occupation. It begins by describing how the advent of film transformed patterns of employment in the commercial entertainment industry. Returning to the theme of cultural hierarchy, it goes on to argue that even as the legitimate theater drifted toward the periphery of the nation's cultural life, the old theatrical elite continued to claim the right, through the mechanism of the Actors' Equity Association (AEA), to speak for the entire acting community. After examining working conditions in the motion picture studios, it turns its attention to the Equity campaign to organize the film industry, asserting that its architects were less concerned with negotiating a standard contract than with imposing their authority upon the men and women of the silver screen. The chapter argues that an overwhelming majority of motion picture actors reacted with hostility to what they saw as the AEA's attempt to “Broadwayize” Hollywood, interpreting it as a threat to their collective autonomy and a denial of the specificity of their work. By refusing to obey the strike call in the summer of 1929, they were declaring their independence from the traditions of the legitimate stage.
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Bueno, Otávio, and Steven French. Applying New Mathematics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198815044.003.0004.
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Here we present our first case study: the introduction of group theory into quantum mechanics in the 1920s and 1930s. It is helpful in this context to distinguish the ‘Weyl’ and ‘Wigner’ programmes, where the former is concerned with using group theory to provide secure foundations for the emerging quantum physics and the latter emphasizes its practical applications. We suggest the application of the mathematics to the physics depended on certain structural ‘bridges’ within the mathematics itself and also that both this mathematics and the physics were in a state of flux. Given those features, we argue that the partial structures approach offers a suitable framework for representing these developments. One can resist Steiner’s claim that the mathematics is doing all the work in these cases, as it is only because of prior idealizing moves on the physics side that the mathematics can be brought into play to begin with.
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Milbank, Alison. Black Books and Brownies. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198824466.003.0009.
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Scottish fiction about the Reformation is concerned with the mechanics of historical change, which are rendered through a series of enchanted books and people discussed in Chapter 8. In the novel, The Monastery, describing the Dissolution and Reformation, Scott gothicizes the Bible as a magic book and the White Lady as its guardian to dramatize the mysterious nature of religious change, the dependence of the future on a Gothic past, and the need for interpretation. In Old Mortality, Scott’s protagonist escapes the frozen dualities of Covenanter and Claverhouse, revealing historical change itself as problematic in Humean terms and requiring a leap of faith. James Hogg contests this presentation of the Covenanters by re-enchanting them as supposed brownies, as mediators of history and nature, and in his Three Perils of Man reprises Scott’s wizard Michael Scott pitted against Roger Bacon and his ‘black book’ the Bible to present the Reformation as an eternal reality.
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Simon, Gleeson, and Guynn Randall. Part III The EU Resolution Regime, 10 Direct Bail-in in the European Union. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780199698011.003.0010.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter describes how the EU regime permits bail-in to be implemented directly by varying the terms of the obligations of the institution in resolution. Bail-in, by definition, is a process which applies to some but not all of the senior creditors of an institution—not all, since the object of the process is to protect some of these creditors. The primary appeal of the bail-in structure is the fact that there is no necessity to establish a new entity and transfer assets to it. As FDIC’s history of resolution demonstrates, this is a relatively straightforward process where the assets are all in one country and governed by the laws of that country. The chapter considers the basic mechanics of a direct bail-in, its impact on the pricing of the debt of the bank concerned, the interaction of the regime with private recapitalization, with subordinated and contingent capital and asset transfers.
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Rueschemeyer, Shirley-Ann, and M. Gareth Gaskell, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Psycholinguistics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198786825.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
This handbook reviews the current state of the art in the field of psycholinguistics. Part I deals with language comprehension at the sublexical, lexical, and sentence and discourse levels. It explores concepts of speech representation and the search for universal speech segmentation mechanisms against a background of linguistic diversity and compares first language with second language segmentation. It also discusses visual word recognition, lexico-semantics, the different forms of lexical ambiguity, sentence comprehension, text comprehension, and language in deaf populations. Part II focuses on language production, with chapters covering topics such as word production and related processes based on evidence from aphasia, the major debates surrounding grammatical encoding. Part III considers various aspects of interaction and communication, including the role of gesture in language processing, approaches to the study of perspective-taking, and the interrelationships between language comprehension, emotion, and sociality. Part IV is concerned with language development and evolution, focusing on topics ranging from the development of prosodic phonology, the neurobiology of artificial grammar learning, and developmental dyslexia. The book concludes with Part V, which looks at methodological advances in psycholinguistic research, such as the use of intracranial electrophysiology in the area of language processing.
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Swain, James E., and Shao-Hsuan Shaun Ho. Parental Brain: The Crucible of Compassion. Edited by Emma M. Seppälä, Emiliana Simon-Thomas, Stephanie L. Brown, Monica C. Worline, C. Daryl Cameron, and James R. Doty. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190464684.013.6.
Full textAbstract:
All infants rely on parenting behaviors that provide what they need to be healthy. As “compassion” can be defined as feelings that are elicited by perceiving someone else’s suffering with a desire to help (Goetz, Keltner, & Simon-Thomas, 2010), parenting behavior in concert with compassion towards a child can be defined as “compassionate parenting.” A child who has received compassionate parenting will tend to provide compassionate parenting to his or her own offspring, and possibly to unrelated others. We postulate that compassionate parenting should have the following characteristics: (1) effective care-giving behaviors (behavioral contingency), (2) parental emotions that are coherent and connected with child’s emotions (emotional connection), and (3) awareness of own and other’s cognitions and emotions and other environmental factors (reflective awareness). In this chapter, a body of literature in neurobiological mechanisms underlying parenting is selectively reviewed in reference to the behavioral, emotional, and cognitive aspects of compassionate parenting.
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Ash, Susan. Funding Philanthropy. Liverpool University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5949/liverpool/9781781381397.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
This book investigates how Dr. Barnardo, the Victorian children’s philanthropist, operated as both story teller and showman, using mass media to create a globalised support network. His philanthropic ‘empire’ operated as an exceptional Victorian manifestation of promotional and branding mechanisms that are perceived as commonplace in the twentieth century. Metaphor and narrative modes normally associated with fiction such as Charles Dickens’s novels, as well as public spectacles associated with showmen such as P. T. Barnum, provide the organising principle for the book. Ultimately, however, the analysis reveals an overlapping concurrence of these three categories because, in practice, each tends to inflect the other. The book is also crucially concerned with affect, theorising how corporal responses such as excitement, shame and disgust operate in Barnardo’s figures of speech, ‘stories’ and spectacles to arouse sympathy and provoke ideological and financial support. Part One takes a long look at metaphor in order to tease out how ‘the open door’, Barnardo’s central institutional icon, operated as a multifaceted metaphor to characterize and promote his version of philanthropy in a crowded charity market. Part Two examines how Barnardo shaped perception of his brand by storytelling practices based on the ‘re-creation’ of direct, first-hand experience and feelings. Part Three considers how collective benevolence also depends upon spectacle for widespread success.
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Jaising, Indira, and Pinki Mathur Anurag, eds. Conflict in the Shared Household. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199489954.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005 (PWDVA) was enacted following a concerted campaign by the Indian women’s movement. The Lawyers Collective authored the law in consultation with women’s groups from across the country. Contributors to this volume address critical and hitherto less addressed areas pertaining to domestic violence and the law in India. The volume is divided into three parts. Part I includes chapters that cover the nature of structural inequality that perpetuates and condones domestic violence as a lesser ‘wrong’ or ‘crime’ and present the historical background to the fight against domestic violence in India, focusing on legislative developments. Part II presents essays around critical issues such as ‘right to residence’, marital rape, rights of cohabitees or ‘relationship in the nature of marriage’, secular nature of the PWDVA and its harmonious existence with personal law and criminal law. Analyses in this section reflect international standards in addressing domestic violence and present in-depth debates. Research studies in Part III engage with the expectations from the PWDVA and its enforcement through analysis of court orders that indicate the nature of relief sought by women, forms of domestic violence complained against, orders passed by courts and the multiagency response system created under the PWDVA, indicating the nature of services available to the domestic violence survivors. Areas where the PWDVA has been successful in providing protection and relief from domestic violence have been presented alongside challenges yet to be overcome, such as response mechanisms and budgetary constraints in its implementation.
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Pittock, A. Barrie. Climate Change. CSIRO Publishing, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643098381.
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It is widely accepted in the scientific community that climate change is a reality, and that changes are happening with increasing rapidity. In this second edition, leading climate researcher Barrie Pittock revisits the effects that global warming is having on our planet, in light of ever-evolving scientific research.
Presenting all sides of the arguments about the science and possible remedies, Pittock examines the latest analyses of climate change, such as new and alarming observations regarding Arctic sea ice, the recently published IPCC Fourth Assessment Report, and the policies of the new Australian Government and how they affect the implementation of climate change initiatives.
New material focuses on massive investments in large-scale renewables, such as the kind being taken up in California, as well as many smaller-scale activities in individual homes and businesses which are being driven by both regulatory and market mechanisms. The book includes extensive endnotes with links to ongoing and updated information, as well as some new illustrations.
While the message is clear that climate change is here (and in some areas, might already be having disastrous effects), there is still hope for the future, and the ideas presented here will inspire people to take action. Climate Change: The Science, Impacts and Solutions is an important reference for students in environmental or social sciences, policy makers, and people who are genuinely concerned about the future of our environment.
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Gensheimer, Maryl B. Decoration and Display in Rome's Imperial Thermae. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190614782.001.0001.
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Across the Roman Empire, ubiquitous archaeological, art historical, and literary evidence attests to the significance of bathing for Romans’ daily routines. Given the importance of bathing to the Roman style of living, imperial patrons enhanced their popular and political stature by endowing eight magnificent baths (the so-called imperial thermae) in the city of Rome between 25 B.C.E. and 315 C.E. This book presents a detailed analysis of the decoration of the best preserved of these bathing complexes, the Baths of Caracalla (inaugurated 216 C.E.). An interdisciplinary approach to the archaeological data, to the textual and visual sources, and to anthropological theories facilitates new understandings of the visual experience of the Baths of Caracalla for a diverse Roman audience and simultaneously elucidates the decoration’s critical role in advancing imperial agendas. This reassessment of one of the most sophisticated examples of architectural patronage in Classical antiquity examines the specific mechanisms through which an imperial patron could use architectural decoration to emphasize his sociopolitical position relative to the thousands of people who enjoyed his benefaction. The case studies addressed herein, ranging from architectural to freestanding sculpture and mosaic, demonstrate that sponsoring monumental baths was hardly an act of altruism. Rather, even while they provided recreation for elite and sub-altern Romans alike, such buildings were concerned primarily with dynastic legitimacy and imperial largess. The unified decorative program—and the messages of imperial power therein—adroitly articulated these themes.