Relevant bibliographies by topics / Concertos (Cello)

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Concertos (Cello)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 26 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Concertos (Cello)"

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Palmer, Peter. "Swiss Cello Concertos." Tempo 60, no. 235 (January 2006): 39–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040298206270049.

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URS JOSEPH FLURY: Vineta; Concerto for Cello and Orchestra; Sinfonietta for Strings. Biel Symphony Orchestra; Pierre Fournier (vlc), Vienna Volksoper Orchestra; Vienna Chamber Orchestra c. Urs Joseph Flury. Musikszene Schweiz MGB CD 6184.SCHOECK: Concerto for Cello and String Orchestra, op. 61; Suite in A flat for Strings, op. 59. Julius Berger (vlc), South West German Chamber Orchestra of Pforzheim c. Vladislav Czarnecki. ebs 6145 (www.EBSMusikproduktion.de).
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Ma, Rong, and Professor Advisor. "Performer’s Guide for Luigi Boccherini’s Cello Concerto No. 9 in B-flat Major from a Pedagogical Point of View." Learning & Education 10, no. 5 (March 13, 2022): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.18282/l-e.v10i5.2734.

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Cello Concerto No. 9 in B-flat Major by Luigi Boccherini, edited by German cellist and composer Friedrich Grützmacher, is the bridge to lead amateur cellists to become professional, and it is essential for cellists in building a solid foundation before exploring other standard concertos. Similar to the major concertos, including the Elgar Concerto in E Minor, the Schumann Cello Concerto in A minor, or the Dvorak Cello Concerto in B minor, Boccherini’s Cello Concerto No. 9 contains virtuosic techniques, such as various bow strokes, vibrato, thumb position, shifting, rapid string crossings and double stops. However, compared to the major concertos, Boccherini’s concerto has an easier musical structure and a shorter music length, so it serves as a preparation before continuing on to the more standard concertos. This paper will provide a pedagogical approach to the Boccherini’s ninth concerto, along with analyzing other composers’ pedagogical approaches with supporting materials, such as etudes and cello exercises written by string pedagogue and violinist Shinichi Suzuki, and Bohemian cellist and composer David Popper.
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Kennaway, George. "Haydn's (?) Cello Concertos, 1860-1930: Editions, Performances, Reception." Nineteenth-Century Music Review 9, no. 2 (December 2012): 177–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479409812000274.

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While there exist numerous nineteenth- and early twentieth-century annotated editions of repertoire such as the violin sonatas of Beethoven, the repertoire for the cello was in general edited significantly less frequently. The cello concertos by or attributed to Haydn constitute an exception, both in the number of versions and the degree of editorial intervention. Three cello concertos were associated with Haydn's name: the well-known concerto in D Hob.VIIb:2, another concerto in D Hob.VIIb:4, and a concerto in C Hob.VIIb:5. The first is now known to be a genuine work of Haydn's although this attribution was not universally accepted in the nineteenth century. The second is an unattributable eighteenth-century concerto claimed to be by Haydn and accepted as such at its publication in 1895. The third was compiled by the cellist David Popper who claimed to have based it on Haydn's sketches, providing orchestration and linking material. This article discusses aspects of the five performing editions of Hob.VIIb:2 by Bockmühl, Servais, Becker, Klengel and Whitehouse, the two editions of Hob.VIIb:4 by Grützmacher and Trowell, and Popper's concerto, considering these texts, the reception of the concertos as compositions, and the reception of individual performances. This article surveys the period of the greatest diversity of editions, a period whose later limit is determined by the eventual entry of this work into the cello canon. It will be suggested that this diversity is a consequence of non-canonicity.
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Driver, Paul. "Gruber's Concertos." Tempo, no. 178 (September 1991): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s004029820001398x.

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The concerto evidently appeals to HK Gruber, as symphonies do not. He has so far written four works that are unambiguously in this form: ‘…aus schatten duft gewebt…’, a concerto for violin and orchestra of 1977–8; the concerto for percussion and orchestra Rough Music (Rauhetöne) of 1982–3; Nebelsteinmusik, for solo violin and string orchestra, of 1988; and the Concerto for Cello and Chamber Orchestra of 1989. Ambiguous examples of the form are his early Concerto for Orchestra (1960–64) – concertos for orchestra are by definition ambiguous – and Frankenstein!!, his ‘pan–demonium’ (rather than ‘concerto’) for baritone chansonnier and orchestra (on children's rhymes by H.C. Artmann), finalized in 1977. Then there are four works which remain in manuscript (withdrawn from circulation): Concerto No. l for flute, vibraphone, xylophone and percussion (1961); Concerto No. 2 for tenor saxophone, double bass and percussion (1961); ‘furbass’ for double bass and orchestra; and an unsatisfactory forerunner of the violin concerto, Arien (1974–5). The symphony he has not touched; and one is tempted to see in this reliance on solo/ensemble confrontation an attempt to hold together the self–splintered, all too globally diversified language of the late 20th century by an eloquent soloist's sheer persuasiveness, by musical force, so to speak, the soloist being dramatized as a kind of Atlas. In the same way Gruber's recourse to popular songs and idioms of ‘light music’ in these works can seem like a desperate attempt to find a tonal prop and sanction for a language so pervasively threatened by tone–deafness and gobbledygook.
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Bailey, Bert. "Concertos for the End of the Milennium." Tempo 59, no. 234 (September 21, 2005): 61–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040298205260321.

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‘Conciertos para el fin del milenio’. TOUSSAINT: Concierto No. 2 para violonchelo y orquesta (1999). MARQUEZ: Espejos en la arena (2000). SIERRA: Cuatro versos (Concerto for Cello & Orchestra) (1999). Carlos Prieto (vlc), Orquesta de las Americas c. Carlos Miguel Prieto, conductor. Urtext JBCC 047.
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Bandy, Dorian. "Beethoven's Rhetoric of Embellishment." 19th-Century Music 46, no. 2 (2022): 125–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ncm.2022.46.2.125.

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This article examines the communicative and interpretive significance of melodic embellishment in Beethoven's oeuvre, with a particular focus on multi-movement instrumental works from the period 1795–1824. Embellishment has received comparatively little attention in Beethoven studies; yet it formed a crucial part of his musicianship as both a performer and a composer. The article begins with a broad overview of Beethoven's embellishment practices, drawing examples primarily from his early piano trios and piano sonatas. It then goes on to examine a series of issues in more detail: first, the role of embellishments in the composition and performance of concertos (with a focus on the Piano Concertos Nos. 3–5); second, the role of embellishments in evoking musical character and expressive personae (with a focus on the Piano Sonata op. 31, no. 3, the Violin Sonata op. 30, no. 1, and the Cello Sonata op. 5, no. 1); and finally, the possibility of understanding embellishment as a musical topic in symphonic writing (with a focus on the slow movements of the Symphonies Nos. 4, 8, and 9). The article closes with reflections on the expressive function of embellishments in Beethoven's late style, arguing that melodic decorations, along with other rhetorical devices, provided a vehicle for the evocation of nostalgia and memory.
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Anderson, Martin. "A Conversation with Kalevi Aho." Tempo, no. 181 (June 1992): 16–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040298200015138.

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At the relatively young age of 43 (which his schoolboyish looks nonetheless belie), Kalevi Aho is one of the best-known of Finnish composers, with a substantial corpus of music to his credit – seven symphonies and other orchestral pieces, two operas and several smaller vocal works, three concertos (for violin, cello and for piano), and a healthy amount of chamber and instrumental music. I visited him in Helsinki last summer, in the offices of the Helsinki Festival, where he has a hand in the planning of the programmes, and remarked first on the richness and sheer vigour of Finnish musical life; anyone visiting Finland will be struck by the fact that it seems to have an awful lot of composers.
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Palmer, Peter. "Frédéric Rapin, Musik in Luzern, Rhapsodische Kammermusik aus der Schweiz’. ERNST LEVY, HERMANN SUTER." Tempo 58, no. 229 (July 2004): 58–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040298204350229.

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‘Frédéric Rapin: Concertos suisses pour clarinettes’. Works by HERBERT FRIES, ARMIN SCHIBLER, JEAN BINET, JEAN BALISSAT, ANDOR KOVACH and ALEXIS CHALIER. Frédéric Rapin (cl), Kammerorchester Arpeggione Hohenems c. Jean-François Antonioli. Musiques Suisses Grammont Portrait MGB CTS-M 80.‘Musik in Luzern: Kammermusik Duo Lang’. FRITZ BRUN: Sonata No. 1 for Violin and Piano. THÜRING BRÄM: Album ‘Goodbye Seventies’. With works by MENDELSSOHN and RACHMANINOV. Brigitte Lang (vln), Yvonne Lang (pno). GALLO CD-1084.‘Rhapsodische Kammermusik aus der Schweiz’. ERNST LEVY: Quintet in C minor for 2 violins, viola, cello and double bass1. HERMANN SUTER: Sextet in C major for 2 violins, viola, 2 cellos and double bass2. FRANK MARTIN: Rhapsodie for 2 violins, 2 violas and double bass3. Florian Kellerhals, Stefan Häussler (vlns), 2,3Nicolas Corti, 1,3Bodo Friedrich (vlas), Imke Frank, 2Matthias Kuhn (vcs), Andreas Cincera (db). Musiques Suisses MGB CD 6201.HERMANN SUTER: Symphony in D minor. HANS JELMOLI: Three Pieces for Orchestra from the comic opera Sein Vermächtnis. Moscow Symphony Orchestra c. Adriano. Sterling CDS-1052-2.
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Ossi, Massimo. "Musical Representation and Vivaldi's Concerto Il Proteo, ò Il mondo al rovverscio, RV 544/572." Journal of the American Musicological Society 69, no. 1 (2016): 111–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jams.2016.69.1.111.

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Vivaldi's concerto titles draw ambivalent reactions from historians, who see them as commercial hooks, rarely reflecting musical substance. But titles condition a work's reception, connecting it to a cultural context by which to steer a listener's reactions, both intellectual and affective. Eighteenth-century writers on aesthetics recognized the role of textual “ideas” in the reception of music. Vivaldi's Il Proteo, ò Il mondo al rovverscio is regarded as a “trick piece” in which the solo violin and cello parts are “reversed,” each being written in the other's clef. The concerto, however, invokes a deeper conception of the mundus inversus metaphor, in that it constitutes a remarkably sophisticated exploration of upside-down compositional practices. While the opening movement challenges notions of “correct” musical syntax, evoking the Carnival celebrations of the “world upside down,” the last presents a well-ordered example of Vivaldian ritornello form. Vivaldi included Il Proteo as the first concerto in a large group sold to Pietro Ottoboni in the mid-1720s, twelve of which bear titles. Some are as concrete as “The Four Seasons,” but others are more abstract, deriving from affective or intellectual subjects such as“Il riposo.” Il Proteo, in this context, seems especially sophisticated, cleverly satirizing some of the composer's own trademark compositional techniques. Its self-conscious treatment of style appears to address contemporary debates regarding music's ability to carry “meaning,” an ability that members of Ottoboni's Arcadian Academy seemed to deny but that others, such as the philosopher Antonio Conti, endorsed. Might Vivaldi have fueled these debates with a provocative set of concertos headed by Il Proteo?
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Schwartz-Kates, Deborah. "Alberto Ginastera, Cello Concertos. Mark Kosower, cello; Bamberg Symphony Orchestra, Lothar Zagrosek, conductor. Naxos CD 8.572372, 2011./Astor Piazzolla, Tangos for Violin, Brass Quintet, and Percussion, arr. Donato De Sena. Quintetto d'Ottoni e Percussioni della Toscana; Andrea Tacchi, violin. Naxos CD 8.572611, 2010." Journal of the Society for American Music 6, no. 4 (November 2012): 497–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752196312000429.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Concertos (Cello)"

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Kotsoni-Brown, Stavria. "The solo cello concertos of Antonio Vivaldi." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366973.

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Carpinteyro, Eduardo. "Pedagogical aspects in David Popper's four cello concertos." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2007. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ucin1195506444.

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Thesis (Dr. of Musical Arts)--University of Cincinnati, 2007.
Advisor: Lee Fiser. Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed Feb. 5, 2008). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
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CARPINTEYRO, EDUARDO. "PEDAGOGICAL ASPECTS IN DAVID POPPER'S FOUR CELLO CONCERTOS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1195506444.

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Yoo, Kyungjin. "Oration, Concerto Elegiaco by Frank Bridge: A Practical Guide for Performance." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2019. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1538701/.

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English composer Frank Bridge (1879-1941) is well known as Benjamin Britten's teacher and to a lesser degree for his chamber music. Because his mature creative period occurred between the First and Second World War, his works were not well studied or performed until the 1970s, well after his death. This dissertation discusses Bridge's life and his music, how World War I affected in this work, and specifically the work Oration Concerto Elagiaco. Oration is considered historically in terms of its meaning and delayed premiere. Additionally, the work's fantasy arch form, Bridge's signature compositional style, and the character of each section is discussed. Finally, this dissertation provides a practical guide to the work, providing practice and performance suggestions for the numerous complex and technically challenging portions of the concerto.
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Vivaldi, Antonio Hodges Brian D. "A transcription of Vivaldi's violin concerto RV 208 for cello." Greensboro, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 2007. http://libres.uncg.edu/edocs/etd/1454/umi-uncg-1454.pdf.

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Brian D. Hodges' thesis (D.M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 2007.
Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Oct. 22, 2007). Directed by John M. Fadial; submitted to the School of Music. Transcription includes cello part only. Includes bibliographical references (p. 34-37).
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Ko, Ching-Shin. "Cellists and the Dvořák cello concerto : the labyrinth of interpretation /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/11202.

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Cho, Hyun Mi. "Luigi Boccherini's Cello Concerto in B-Flat Major, G.482: Creating a Performance Edition through a Critical Study of the 'Original' Version and Friedrich Grützmacher's Edition." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2019. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1538651/.

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The Cello Concerto in B-flat major, G.482, by Italian composer Luigi Boccherini (1743-1805), is the composer's most beloved work for the instrument, as well as one of the most performed pieces in the Classical concerto repertoire. Historically, cellists performing this work have used an edition prepared by German cellist Friedrich Grützmacher (1832-1903). However, an 'original' version that was discovered in 1949 is significantly different from that of Grützmacher. A comparison of both editions has revealed that Grützmacher in fact made considerable modifications to Boccherini's 'original.' Along with the issue of having two editions, cellists that have played the 'original' edition have noted that there are certain practical and interpretative matters that are not favorable to the cellist, particularly in terms of the way the music is notated and how it lacks many details. This dissertation provides clarity to these issues by undertaking a comprehensive analysis of both editions in order to make cellists become aware of the differences between both editions by comparing musical elements from a performance practice viewpoint. In addition, I discuss relevant issues that are present in the 'original' version, ultimately providing an alternative performance edition to this score that is based on historically informed performance (HIP) practices. Finally, I hope to draw attention on how a performance edition like this can be useful as a rare critical source to one of the major works from the eighteenth-century cello repertoire.
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Hale, Jacquelyn. "Consonance, tertian structures and tonal coherence in Wladimir Vogel's dodecaphonic world." Thesis, connect to online resource, 2002. http://www.library.unt.edu/theses/open/20023/vogel%5Fwladimir/index.htm.

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Gillingham, Amy E. "Cultivating Perception: Bridging Schematic Patterns and Audience in Franz Joseph Haydn's Violoncello Concertos." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1275919165.

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Shen, Shuo. "The Controlled Indeterminacy in Lutoslawski's Cello Concerto." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1574713314501106.

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Books on the topic "Concertos (Cello)"

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Lazarof, Henri. Second cello concerto. Bryn Mawr, Pa: Merion Music, 1992.

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Rorem, Ned. Piano concerto no. 2: Cello concerto. [Hong Kong]: Naxos, 2007.

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Joseph, Haydn. Konzert in C für Violoncello und Orchester =: Concerto in C major for violoncello and orchestra. Kassel: Bärenreiter, 1988.

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Schoenberg, Arnold. Concerto for violoncello and orchestra. [New York]: G. Schirmer, 1989.

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Das Cellokonzert von Beethoven bis Ligeti: Ästhetische und kompositionsgeschichtliche Wandlungen einer musikalischen Gattung. Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang, 1992.

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Rudnyt︠s︡ʹkyĭ, Antin. Concerto for cello and piano, op. 29. Hastings on Hudson, N.Y: Henri Elkan, 1985.

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Bach, Johann Christian. Ensemble-Konzerte. Wiesbaden: Breitkopf & Härtel, 1985.

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Delius, Frederick. Concerto for violoncello and piano. Boca Raton, Fla: Masters Music Publications, 1998.

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Penderecki, Krzysztof. Cello concerto no. 2 ; The awakening of Jacob ; Adagietto ; Concerto for viola and orchestra. [Poland]: Muza, 1989.

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Casadesus, Henri Gustave. Konzert c-Moll für Viola und Orchester. Frankfurt/M: C.F. Peters, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Concertos (Cello)"

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Tewary, Arpan, and Chandan Upadhyay. "Fuel Cell Technology: The Future Ahead." In Environmental Concerns and Remediation, 249–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05984-1_18.

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Kalaskar, Deepak M., and Saiyyada Mohsina Shahid. "Human Embryonic Stem Cells and Associated Clinical Concerns." In Stem Cells in Clinical Applications, 181–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40073-0_9.

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Jing, Wei, Hai-Qing Gong, and Pei-Ji Liang. "Concerted Activities in Frog Retinal Ganglion Cells." In Advances in Cognitive Neurodynamics (II), 177–81. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9695-1_27.

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Eren, Erden, Erdogan Pekcan Erkan, Sermin Genc, and Kemal Kursad Genc. "Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Therapy and Safety Concerns in Age-Related Chronic Neurodegenerative Diseases." In Stem Cells in Clinical Applications, 23–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59165-0_2.

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Sinha, Garima, Sarah A. Bliss, Lauren S. Sherman, Oleta A. Sandiford, Vipul Nagula, and Pranela Rameshwar. "Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Pathotropism: Regenerative Potential and Safety Concerns." In The Stem Cell Microenvironment and Its Role in Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Pathogenesis, 13–21. New York: River Publishers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003339779-2.

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Segerdahl, Pär. "Debating Embryonic Stem Cell Research: Handling Moral Concerns More Gently." In Ethical Inquiries after Wittgenstein, 173–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98084-9_11.

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Mohamadi-Jahani, Fereshteh, Mina Abedi, Maryam Arabi, Akram Tayanloo-Beik, and Bagher Larijani. "Safety Concerns and Requirement of Cell-Based Products for Clinical Application." In Biomedical Product Development: Bench to Bedside, 81–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35626-2_8.

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Berkel, Theo J. C., Leen Harkes, J. Fred Nagelkerke, and J. Kar Kruijt. "Lipoprotein disposition by the liver: A concerted action of various cell types." In Molecular Biology of the Arterial Wall, 17–18. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83118-8_6.

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Mehta, Arpan R., Siddharthan Chandran, and Bhuvaneish T. Selvaraj. "Assessment of Mitochondrial Trafficking as a Surrogate for Fast Axonal Transport in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell–Derived Spinal Motor Neurons." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 311–22. New York, NY: Springer US, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1990-2_16.

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AbstractAxonal transport is essential for the development, function, and survival of the nervous system. In an energy-demanding process, motor proteins act in concert with microtubules to deliver cargoes, such as organelles, from one end of the axon to the other. Perturbations in axonal transport are a prominent phenotype of many neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Here, we describe a simple method to fluorescently label mitochondrial cargo, a surrogate for fast axonal transport, in human induced pluripotent stem cell–derived motor neurons. This method enables the sparse labeling of axons to track directionality of movement and can be adapted to assess not only the cell autonomous effects of a genetic mutation on axonal transport but also the cell non-autonomous effects, through the use of conditioned medium and/or co-culture systems.
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Cavagnaro, Joy A., and Steven R. Bauer. "FDA Perspective on the Use of Transgenic Animals in the Manufacture of Therapeutic Products Intended for Human Use: Safety Concerns." In Animal Cell Technology: Basic & Applied Aspects, 95–98. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0848-5_13.

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Conference papers on the topic "Concertos (Cello)"

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"Historical Importance of Two Cello Concertos by Joseph Haydn on the Development of Concerto Composing Tradition for Solo Cello." In May 2022 International Conferences. Dignified Researchers Publication, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.17758/dirpub11.dir0522424.

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Xiao, Lei, Ying-Ying Zhang, and Pei-Ji Liang. "Dynamic Concerted Activities among Retinal Ganglion Cells." In 2010 4th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (iCBBE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2010.5515002.

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Yan, Karen Chang, Pamela Hitscherich, and James Ferrie. "Effects of Process Parameters on Formation of Hybrid Tissue Constructs." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-66430.

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Tissue engineering is a promising aspect of regenerative medicine that is aimed at constructing functional tissues and organs. While progresses in tissue engineering have led successful clinic applications, challenges remain for more complex tissues/organs that require concerted efforts from multiple types of cells. One of the key issues in building replacements for complex tissues/organs is to mimic the organ’s complex natural organization using a mixture of engineered materials and living cells [1]. Electrospinning has shown promise as a technique to create the microenvironment necessary for cell growth and proliferation for tissue engineering applications[2–4], while multiple fabrication methods have been developed to manipulate live cells(e.g. cell printing) [5–7]. To this end, a system integrating polymer electrospinning technique and pressure-driven cell deposition method is currently under development for forming hybrid tissue constructs with living cells and polymers. This study focuses on examining morphology of electrospun fibers as function of processing parameters including working distance and solution flow rate.
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Dillard, David A., Shu Guo, Michael W. Ellis, John J. Lesko, John G. Dillard, Jay Sayre, and Bhima Vijayendran. "Seals and Sealants in PEM Fuel Cell Environments: Material, Design, and Durability Challenges." In ASME 2004 2nd International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2004-2520.

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Fuel cells have significant potential to improve energy utilization efficiency, but remain quite expensive due to the cost of key components, including the membrane of PEM fuel cells, the catalyst, and the bipolar plates. Due to the cost and significance of these items, extensive research has been devoted to reducing cost and improving the quality and performance of these components. By contrast, seals, sealants, and adhesives play a more mundane role in the overall performance of fuel cells, and yet the failure of these materials can lead to reduced system efficiency, system failure, or even safety concerns. Less attention has been given to the performance and durability of these products, yet as improvements in other fuel cell components are made, these seals are becoming a more critical link in the long term performance of fuel cells. This review paper highlights the importance and background of fuel cell seals; discusses the chemical, thermal, and mechanical environments to which fuel cell seals are subjected; and suggests design and testing protocol improvements that may lead to improved fuel cell system performance.
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McCurdy, Kerri, Arturo Vasquez, and Karla Bradley. "Development of PEMFC Systems for Space Power Applications." In ASME 2003 1st International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2003-1726.

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Space power applications historically include fuel cells due to the high energy storage density of hydrogen and oxygen compared to batteries. Fuel cells are continuously under development to incorporate latest technology and focus on specific details of fuel cells systems relevant to harsh space transportation environments. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is developing proton exchange membrane fuel cells systems for space power applications because of the potential for longer life, reduction in cost, and increase in safety compared to current alkaline fuel cell technology. Space fuel cell applications utilize oxygen instead of air, which introduces better performance but greater hazards. Circulation of reactants is beneficial for these systems to aid in removal of product water from the fuel cell stack and to humidify reactant fluid streams. Current space fuel cell prototype systems use a simple but effective pump for reactant recirculation known as a gas ejector. A gas ejector uses a high-pressure primary gas supply to produce suction to a secondary fluid at a lower pressure. A gas and water separator is then necessary to remove the fuel cell product water from the unutilized recirculated oxygen. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is analyzing and testing several different means to separate the oxygen gas and water in both microgravity and increased gravity conditions. This paper addresses specific components and design concerns for proton exchange membrane fuel cell systems for space power applications.
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Chen, Ching-Jen, Yousef Haik, and Jhunu Chatterjee. "Development of Nano-Microtechnology and Biomedical Applications." In ASME 2006 2nd Joint U.S.-European Fluids Engineering Summer Meeting Collocated With the 14th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2006-98332.

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Blood, air and water are not only most abundant but also the most important fluids on the earth. Each adult human carries almost a gallon of blood every moment. This paper concerns with the treatment of the blood and discusses in particular the blood cell separation (fluids engineering) and the safe elevation of the body temperature (thermal engineering). Unlike air and water the blood is a biological fluid. Therefore it comes with the complexity of blood composition and disorder of the blood affecting human life and health. This study presents applications of electro-magnetic field on nanomagnetic particles that attach to the blood cells in creating complex fluid dynamic cell separation from the whole blood and creating complex thermal heating, magnetic hyperthermia, for potential use in cancer treatment. In general, biological cells are weak paramagnetic or diamagnetic. Therefore nano-microtechnologies are developed to attach the nanoparticles to the selected cells and to enhance the magnetic susceptibility of the cells to interact with an applied magnetic field. The paper demonstrates that nano to micron size magnetic particles are tagged to the biological cells.
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Brushett, Fikile R., Adam S. Hollinger, Larry J. Markoski, and Paul J. A. Kenis. "Microfluidic Fuel Cells as Microscale Power Sources and Analytical Platforms." In ASME 2009 Second International Conference on Micro/Nanoscale Heat and Mass Transfer. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnhmt2009-18007.

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A continuously growing need for high energy density miniaturized power sources for portable electronic applications has spurred the development of a variety of microscale fuel cells. For portable applications, membrane-based fuel cells using small organic fuels (i.e., methanol, formic acid) are among the most promising configurations as they benefit from the high energy density and easy storage of the liquid fuels. Unfortunately, the performance of these fuel cells is often hindered by membrane-related issues such as water management (i.e., electrode dry-out / flooding) and fuel crossover. Furthermore, high costs of, for example, catalysts and membranes as well as durability concerns still hinder commercialization efforts. To address these challenges we have developed membraneless laminar flow-based fuel cells (LFFCs), which exploit microscale transport phenomena (laminar flow) to compartmentalize streams within a single microchannel. The properties of various fuel and media flexible LFFCs will be presented and novel strategies for improving fuel utilization and power density will be discussed. Furthermore, the performance of a scaled-out 14-channel LFFC prototype is presented. We have also developed a microfluidic fuel cell as a powerful analytical platform to investigate and optimize the complex processes that govern the performance of catalysts and electrodes in an operating fuel cell. This platform bridges the gap between a conventional 3-electrode electrochemical cell and a fuel cell, as it allows for standard electrochemical analysis (e.g., CV, CA, EIS) as well as fuel cell analysis (e.g., IV curves).
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DeLaney, Scott C., Mary B. Burbules, Mayank Garg, Adam S. Hollinger, and Christopher D. Rahn. "Design and Development of a Battery Internal Short Circuit Test Machine." In ASME 2017 11th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2017 Power Conference Joint With ICOPE-17, the ASME 2017 15th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2017 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2017-3407.

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The use of lithium-based batteries, due to their high energy density, has become popular for power sources in portable electronic devices. Safety concerns over lithium cell applications have arisen due to their lower abuse tolerance compared to standard battery designs. Internal short circuits present one of the more dangerous abuse situations since there is a great potential of thermal runaway leading to fire and explosion. Field failures and recalls associated with internal short circuits demonstrate the risks of lithium batteries. Understanding the response of lithium cells under internal short circuit conditions is of great importance to ensure the safe development of lithium battery application. In this work, an internal short circuit test machine was designed to conduct nail penetration tests of lithium chemistry cells. The test machine successfully provides the required force to allow for multi-cell penetration. The test machine also provides accurate control of the penetrating nail’s position and velocity. This testing will support the development of models to simulate the mechanism of internal short circuits of lithium cells.
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Mouli, Chandra, and Alessandro Calderoni. "Reliability concerns of yesterday — Emerging memory cells of tomorrow?" In 2013 IEEE International Integrated Reliability Workshop (IIRW). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iirw.2013.6804139.

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Tanim, Tanvir R., Mayank Garg, and Christopher D. Rahn. "An Intelligent Nail Design for Lithium Ion Battery Penetration Test." In ASME 2016 10th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2016 Power Conference and the ASME 2016 14th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2016-59073.

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Internal short-circuiting is the most dangerous abuse scenario for lithium ion batteries. A nail penetration test simulates the internal short circuit process by penetrating a test cell/pack with an electrically conductive nail. Pass or failure of the cell and/or chemistry is determined by the presence of smoke or flame following penetration. To understand and eliminate the safety concerns arising from the internal shorts, it is important to fully understand the cell/pack dynamics during the shorting process. Gathering useful data at the point of penetration during nail penetration tests is very challenging due to the inherent destructive nature of the test. This paper presents an intelligent nail (iNail) design consisting of four parts where multiple sensors (thermo-couples, strain gauges, etc.) can be conveniently placed for reliable and efficient data collection. The time history of temperature distributions through the cell/pack thickness can be recorded with the iNail without position control of the nail penetration tester, greatly simplifying the test. A prototype stainless steel iNail is manufactured with three embedded thermocouples. Nail penetration tests are conducted on fully charged 4 Ah gr/NCM pouch cells. The iNail successfully recorded the temperature time history at the penetration point during the tests. Pack level nail penetration tests (three pouch cells in parallel) were also performed with iNail temperature measurements.
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Reports on the topic "Concertos (Cello)"

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Choudhary, Ruplal, Victor Rodov, Punit Kohli, Elena Poverenov, John Haddock, and Moshe Shemesh. Antimicrobial functionalized nanoparticles for enhancing food safety and quality. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7598156.bard.

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Original objectives The general goal of the project was to utilize the bactericidal potential of curcumin- functionalizednanostructures (CFN) for reinforcement of food safety by developing active antimicrobial food-contact surfaces. In order to reach the goal, the following secondary tasks were pursued: (a) further enhancement of the CFN activity based on understanding their mode of action; (b) preparing efficient antimicrobial surfaces, investigating and optimizing their performance; (c) testing the efficacy of the antimicrobial surfaces in real food trials. Background to the topic The project dealt with reducing microbial food spoilage and safety hazards. Cross-contamination through food-contact surfaces is one of the major safety concerns, aggravated by bacterial biofilm formation. The project implemented nanotech methods to develop novel antimicrobial food-contact materials based on natural compounds. Food-grade phenylpropanoidcurcumin was chosen as the most promising active principle for this research. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements In agreement with the original plan, the following research tasks were performed. Optimization of particles structure and composition. Three types of curcumin-functionalizednanostructures were developed and tested: liposome-type polydiacetylenenanovesicles, surface- stabilized nanoparticles and methyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes (MBCD). The three types had similar minimal inhibitory concentration but different mode of action. Nanovesicles and inclusion complexes were bactericidal while the nanoparticlesbacteriostatic. The difference might be due to different paths of curcumin penetration into bacterial cell. Enhancing the antimicrobial efficacy of CFN by photosensitization. Light exposure strengthened the bactericidal efficacy of curcumin-MBCD inclusion complexes approximately three-fold and enhanced the bacterial death on curcumin-coated plastic surfaces. Investigating the mode of action of CFN. Toxicoproteomic study revealed oxidative stress in curcumin-treated cells of E. coli. In the dark, this effect was alleviated by cellular adaptive responses. Under light, the enhanced ROS burst overrode the cellular adaptive mechanisms, disrupted the iron metabolism and synthesis of Fe-S clusters, eventually leading to cell death. Developing industrially-feasible methods of binding CFN to food-contact surfaces. CFN binding methods were developed for various substrates: covalent binding (binding nanovesicles to glass, plastic and metal), sonochemical impregnation (binding nanoparticles to plastics) and electrostatic layer-by-layer coating (binding inclusion complexes to glass and plastics). Investigating the performance of CFN-coated surfaces. Flexible and rigid plastic materials and glass coated with CFN demonstrated bactericidal activity towards Gram-negative (E. coli) and Gram-positive (Bac. cereus) bacteria. In addition, CFN-impregnated plastic material inhibited bacterial attachment and biofilm development. Testing the efficacy of CFN in food preservation trials. Efficient cold pasteurization of tender coconut water inoculated with E. coli and Listeriamonocytogeneswas performed by circulation through a column filled with CFN-coated glass beads. Combination of curcumin coating with blue light prevented bacterial cross contamination of fresh-cut melons through plastic surfaces contaminated with E. coli or Bac. licheniformis. Furthermore, coating of strawberries with CFN reduced fruit spoilage during simulated transportation extending the shelf life by 2-3 days. Implications, both scientific and agricultural BARD Report - Project4680 Page 2 of 17 Antimicrobial food-contact nanomaterials based on natural active principles will preserve food quality and ensure safety. Understanding mode of antimicrobial action of curcumin will allow enhancing its dark efficacy, e.g. by targeting the microbial cellular adaptation mechanisms.
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Brown Horowitz, Sigal, Eric L. Davis, and Axel Elling. Dissecting interactions between root-knot nematode effectors and lipid signaling involved in plant defense. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7598167.bard.

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Root-knot nematodes, Meloidogynespp., are extremely destructive pathogens with a cosmopolitan distribution and a host range that affects most crops. Safety and environmental concerns related to the toxicity of nematicides along with a lack of natural resistance sources threaten most crops in Israel and the U.S. This emphasizes the need to identify genes and signal mechanisms that could provide novel nematode control tactics and resistance breeding targets. The sedentary root-knot nematode (RKN) Meloidogynespp. secrete effectors in a spatial and temporal manner to interfere with and mimic multiple physiological and morphological mechanisms, leading to modifications and reprogramming of the host cells' functions, resulted in construction and maintenance of nematodes' feeding sites. For successful parasitism, many effectors act as immunomodulators, aimed to manipulate and suppress immune defense signaling triggered upon nematode invasion. Plant development and defense rely mainly on hormone regulation. Herein, a metabolomic profiling of oxylipins and hormones composition of tomato roots were performed using LC-MS/MS, indicating a fluctuation in oxylipins profile in a compatible interaction. Moreover, further attention was given to uncover the implication of WRKYs transcription factors in regulating nematode development. In addition, in order to identify genes that might interact with the lipidomic defense pathway induced by oxylipins, a RNAseq was performed by exposing M. javanicasecond-stage juveniles to tomato protoplast, 9-HOT and 13-KOD oxylipins. This transcriptome generated a total of 4682 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Being interested in effectors, we seek for DEGs carrying a predicted secretion signal peptide. Among the DEGs including signal peptide, several had homology with known effectors in other nematode species, other unknown potentially secreted proteins may have a role as root-knot nematodes' effectors which might interact with lipid signaling. The molecular interaction of LOX proteins with the Cyst nematode effectors illustrate the nematode strategy in manipulating plant lipid signals. The function of several other effectors in manipulating plant defense signals, as well as lipids signals, weakening cell walls, attenuating feeding site function and development are still being studied in depth for several novel effectors. As direct outcome of this project, the accumulating findings will be utilized to improve our understanding of the mechanisms governing critical life-cycle phases of the parasitic M. incognita RKN, thereby facilitating design of effective controls based on perturbation of nematode behavior—without producing harmful side effects. The knowledge from this study will promote genome editing strategies aimed at developing nematode resistance in tomato and other nematode-susceptible crop species in Israel and the United States.
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Sessa, Guido, and Gregory B. Martin. molecular link from PAMP perception to a MAPK cascade associated with tomato disease resistance. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7597918.bard.

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The research problem: The detection of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by plant pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) is a key mechanism by which plants activate an effective immune response against pathogen attack. MAPK cascades are important signaling components downstream of PRRs that transduce the PAMP signal to activate various defense responses. Preliminary experiments suggested that the receptor-like cytoplasmickinase (RLCK) Mai5 plays a positive role in pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and interacts with the MAPKKK M3Kε. We thus hypothesized that Mai5, as other RLCKs, functions as a component PRR complexes and acts as a molecular link between PAMP perception and activation of MAPK cascades. Original goals: The central goal of this research was to investigate the molecular mechanisms by which Mai5 and M3Kε regulate plant immunity. Specific objectives were to: 1. Determine the spectrum of PAMPs whose perception is transmitted by M3Kε; 2. Identify plant proteins that act downstream of M3Kε to mediate PTI; 3. Investigate how and where Mai5 interacts with M3Kε in the plant cell; 4. Examine the mechanism by which Mai5 contributes to PTI. Changes in research directions: We did not find convincing evidence for the involvement of M3Kε in PTI signaling and substituted objectives 1 and 3 with research activities aimed at the analysis of transcriptomic profiles of tomato plants during the onset of plant immunity, isolation of the novel tomato PRR FLS3, and investigation of the involvement of the RLCKBSKs in PTI. Main achievements during this research program are in the following major areas: 1. Functional characterization of Mai5. The function of Mai5 in PTI signaling was demonstrated by testing the effect of silencing the Mai5 gene by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) experiments and in cell death assays. Domains of Mai5 that interact with MAPKKKs and subcellular localization of Mai5 were analyzed in detail. 2. Analysis of transcriptional profiles during the tomato immune responses to Pseudomonas syringae (Pombo et al., 2014). We identified tomato genes whose expression is induced specifically in PTI or in effector-triggered immunity (ETI). Thirty ETI-specific genes were examined by VIGS for their involvement in immunity and the MAPKKK EPK1, was found to be required for ETI. 3. Dissection of MAP kinase cascades downstream of M3Kε (Oh et al., 2013; Teper et al., 2015). We identified genes that encode positive (SGT and EDS1) and negative (WRKY1 and WRKY2) regulators of the ETI-associated cell death mediated by M3Kε. In addition, the MKK2 MAPKK, which acts downstream of M3Kε, was found to interact with the MPK3 MAPK and specific MPK3 amino acids involved interaction were identified and found to be required for induction of cell death. We also identified 5 type III effectors of the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonaseuvesicatoria that inhibited cell death induced by components of ETI-associated MAP kinase cascades. 4. Isolation of the tomato PRR FLS3 (Hind et al., submitted). FLS3, a novel PRR of the LRR-RLK family that specifically recognizes the flagellinepitope flgII-28 was isolated. FLS3 was shown to bind flgII-28, to require kinase activity for function, to act in concert with BAK1, and to enhance disease resistance to Pseudomonas syringae. 5. Functional analysis of RLCKs of the brassinosteroid signaling kinase (BSK) family.Arabidopsis and tomato BSKs were found to interact with PRRs. In addition, certain ArabidospsisBSK mutants were found to be impaired in PAMP-induced resistance to Pseudomonas syringae. Scientific and agricultural significance: Our research activities discovered and characterized new molecular components of signaling pathways mediating recognition of invading pathogens and activation of immune responses against them. Increased understanding of molecular mechanisms of immunity will allow them to be manipulated by both molecular breeding and genetic engineering to produce plants with enhanced natural defense against disease.
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Stern, David, and Gadi Schuster. Manipulation of Gene Expression in the Chloroplast. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7575289.bard.

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The steady-state level of a given mRNA is determined by its rates of transcription and degradation. The stabilities of chloroplast mRNAs vary during plant development, in part regulating gene expression. Furthermore, the fitness of the organelle depends on its ability to destroy non-functional transcripts. In addition, there is a resurgent interest by the biotechnology community in chloroplast transformation due to the public concerns over pollen transmission of introduced traits or foreign proteins. Therefore, studies into basic gene expression mechanisms in the chloroplast will open the door to take advantage of these opportunities. This project was aimed at gaining mechanistic insights into mRNA processing and degradation in the chloroplast and to engineer transcripts of varying stability in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cells. This research uncovered new and important information on chloroplast mRNA stability, processing, degradation and translation. In particular, the processing of the 3' untranslated regions of chloroplast mRNAs was shown to be important determinants in translation. The endonucleolytic site in the 3' untranslated region was characterized by site directed mutagensis. RNA polyadenylation has been characterized in the chloroplast of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and chloroplast transformants carrying polyadenylated sequences were constructed and analyzed. Data obtained to date suggest that chloroplasts have gene regulatory mechanisms which are uniquely adapted to their post-endosymbiotic environment, including those that regulate RNA stability. An exciting point has been reached, because molecular genetic studies have defined critical RNA-protein interactions that participate in these processes. However, much remains to be learned about these multiple pathways, how they interact with each other, and how many nuclear genes are consecrated to overseeing them. Chlamydomonas is an ideal model system to extend our understanding of these areas, given its ease of manipulation and the existing knowledge base, some of which we have generated.
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Davis, Eric L., Yuji Oka, Amit Gal-On, Todd Wehner, and Aaron Zelcer. Broad-spectrum Resistance to Root-Knot Nematodes in Transgenic Cucurbits. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7593389.bard.

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Root-knot nematodes (RKN), Meloidogyne spp., are extremely destructive pathogens of cucurbit crops grown in the United States and Israel. The safety and environmental concerns of toxic nematicides, and limited sources of natural cucurbit resistance to the four major species of Meloidogyne that threaten these crops in Israel and the U.S., have emphasized the use of biotechnology to develop cucurbits with novel RKN resistance. The U.S. scientists have identified over 40 unique RKN parasitism genes that encode nematode secretions involved in successful plant root infection by RKN, and they have demonstrated that expression of a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) complementary to a RKN parasitism gene (called 16DIO) in Arabidopsis thaliana induced RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated silencing of the RKN16DlO gene and produced transgenic plants with strong resistance to all four major RKN species. The expression 8D05 parasitism gene was found to coincide with the timing of upregulation of NtCel7 promoter (identified to be upregulated in giantcells by US scientists). NtCel7 promoter was used to express the genes at the right time (early stages of infection) and in the right place (giant-cells) in transgenic plants. US partners produced NtCel7 (nematode-induced promoter)-driven 16DlO-RNAi and 8DOS-RNAi constructs, pHANNIBAL 4D03-RNAi construct and modified 16DlO-RNAi construct (for increased RNAi expression and efficacy) for cucurbit transformation in Israel. In Arabidopsis, some 16DlO-RNAi plant lines show greater levels of resistance to M. incognita than others, and within these lines resistance of greater than 90% reduction in infection is observed among almost all replicates in US. The level of observed nematode resistance is likely to be directly correlated with the level of RNAi expression in individual plants. In Israel, all the RKN parasitism genes-RNAi constructs were successfully transformed into cucumber and melon. The transgenic lines were evaluated for expression of the transgene siRNA in leaves and roots. Those displaying transgene siRNA accumulation were passed on for nematode resistance analysis. Rl seedlings from different lines were subjected to evaluation for resistance to M. javanica. None of the lines was resistant to the nematode in contrast with US partner's results in Arabidopsis. This could be for the following reasons: a) The level of transgene siRNA was insufficient in cucumber and tomato to cause resislance. b) 111e nemalode species on cucwnber IIlay be different ur act in a different manner. c) The assay was performed in soil with a high level of nematode inoculation, and not in petri dish, which may not permit the observation of a low level of resistance.
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Tel-Zur, Neomi, and Jeffrey J. Doyle. Role of Polyploidy in Vine Cacti Speciation and Crop Domestication. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7697110.bard.

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1. Abstract: Over the past 25 years, vine cacti of the genera Hylocereus and Selenicereus have been introduced into Israel and southern California as new exotic fruit crops. The importance of these crops lies in their high water use efficiency and horticultural potential as exotic fruit crops. Our collaboration focused on the cytological, molecular and evolutionary aspects of vine cacti polyploidization to confront the agricultural challenge of genetic improvement, ultimately to improve success of vine cacti as commercial fruit crop plants. More specifically, we worked on the: 1- Identification of the putative ancestor(s) of the tetraploid H. megalanthus; 2- Determination of the number of origins of H. megalanthus (single vs. multiple origins of polyploidy); 3- Cytogenetic analysis of BC1 and F1 hybrids; 4- Determination of important agricultural traits and the selection of superior hybrids for cultivation. The plant material used in this study comprised interspecific Hylocereus F1 and first backcross (BC1) hybrids, nine Hylocereus species (58 genotypes), nine Selenicereus species (14 genotypes), and four Epiphyllum genotypes. Two BC1 hexaploids (BC-023 and BC-031) were obtained, a high ploidy level that can be explained only by a fertilization event between one unreduced female gamete from the triploid hybrid and a balanced gamete from the pollen donor, the diploid H. monacanthus. These findings are scientific evidence that support the possibility that “hybridization followed by chromosome doubling” could also occur in nature. Cytomixis, the migration of chromatin between adjacent cells through connecting cytoplasmatic channels, was observed in vine cacti hybrids and may thus imply selective DNA elimination in response to the allopolyploidization process. Evidence from plastid and nrDNA internal transcribed spacers (ITS) sequences support the placement of H. megalanthus within a monophyletic Hylocereus group. Furthermore, both plastid and ITS datasets are most consistent with a conclusion that this tetraploid species is an autopolyploid, despite observations that the species appears to be morphologically intermediate between Hylocereus and Selenicereus. Although the possibility of very narrow allopolyploidly (i.e., derivation from parents that are barely diverged from each other such as closely related species in the same genus) cannot be ruled out entirely based on our data (in part due to the unavailability of Hylocereus species considered to be morphologically the closest relatives of H. megalanthus), the possibility of H. megalanthus representing an intergeneric cross (i.e., Hylocereus × Selenicereus) seems extremely unlikely. Interestingly, the process of homogenization of ITS sequences (concerted evolution) is either incomplete or lacking in both Hylocereus and Selenicereus, and the inclusion of several artificial hybrids in the molecular study revealed the potential for biparental plastid inheritance in Hylocereus. The most important agricultural implication of this research project was the information collected for F1 and BC1 hybrids. Specifically, this project concluded with the selection of four superior hybrids in terms of fruit quality and potential yields under extreme high temperatures. These selected hybrids are self-compatible, avoiding the need for hand cross pollination to set fruits, thus reducing manpower costs. We recently offered these hybrids to growers in Israel for prioritized rapid evaluation and characterization.
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Bercovier, Herve, and Ronald P. Hedrick. Diagnostic, eco-epidemiology and control of KHV, a new viral pathogen of koi and common carp. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2007.7695593.bard.

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Original objectives and revisions-The proposed research included these original objectives: field validation of diagnostic tests (PCR), the development and evaluation of new sensitive tools (LC-PCR/TaqManPCR, antibody detection by ELISA) including their use to study the ecology and the epidemiology of KHV (virus distribution in the environment and native cyprinids) and the carrier status of fish exposed experimentally or naturally to KHV (sites of virus replication and potential persistence or latency). In the course of the study we completed the genome sequence of KHV and developed a DNA array to study the expression of KHV genes in different conditions. Background to the topics-Mass mortality of koi or common carp has been observed in Israel, USA, Europe and Asia. These outbreaks have reduced exports of koi from Israel and have created fear about production, import, and movements of koi and have raised concerns about potential impacts on native cyprinid populations in the U.S.A. Major conclusions-A suite of new diagnostic tools was developed that included 3 PCR assays for detection of KHV DNA in cell culture and fish tissues and an ELISA assay capable of detecting anti-KHV antibodies in the serum of koi and common carp. The TKPCR assay developed during the grant has become an internationally accepted gold standard for detection of viral DNA. Additionally, the ELISA developed for detecting serum anti-KHV antibodies is now in wide use as a major nonlethal screening tool for evaluating virus status of koi and common carp populations. Real time PCR assays have been able to detect viral DNA in the internal organs of survivors of natural and wild type vaccine exposures at 1 and 10³ genome equivalents at 7 months after exposure. In addition, vaccinated fish were able to transmit the virus to naive fish. Potential control utilizing hybrids of goldfish and common carp for production demonstrated they were considerably more resistant than pure common carp or koi to both KHV (CyHV-3). There was no evidence that goldfish or other tested endemic cyprinids species were susceptible to KHV. The complete genomic sequencing of 3 strains from Japan, the USA, and Israel revealed a 295 kbp genome containing a 22 kbp terminal direct repeat encoding clear gene homologs to other fish herpesviruses in the family Herpesviridae. The genome encodes156 unique protein-coding genes, eight of which are duplicated in the terminal repeat. Four to seven genes are fragmented and the loss of these genes may be associated with the high virulence of the virus. Viral gene expression was studies by a newly developed chip which has allowed verification of transcription of most all hypothetical genes (ORFs) as well as their kinetics. Implications, both scientific and agricultural- The results from this study have immediate application for the control and management of KHV. The proposal provides elements key to disease management with improved diagnostic tools. Studies on the ecology of the virus also provide insights into management of the virus at the farms that farmers will be able to apply immediately to reduce risks of infections. Lastly, critical issues that surround present procedures used to create “resistant fish” must be be resolved (e.g. carriers, risks, etc.). Currently stamping out may be effective in eradicating the disease. The emerging disease caused by KHV continues to spread. With the economic importance of koi and carp and the vast international movements of koi for the hobby, this disease has the potential for even further spread. The results from our studies form a critical component of a comprehensive program to curtail this emerging pathogen at the local, regional and international levels.
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