Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Concession française'
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Zhu, Xiaoming. "La police dans la Concession Française de Shanghaï (1910-1937)." Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENSL0723.
Full textThe existence of police forces in the French Concession was not planned under the basic articles that regulated the foreign settlements in China. The police came into existence at a time when Chinese local authorities were paralyzed during the Taiping and Small Sword rebellions in the city. The police came into being as a fait accompli. The French police underwent a process of militarization and professionalization under the leadership of Mallet, Fiori and Fabre to cope with the new challenges in Shanghai. At the end of this process, the police of the French Concession was fine and complex modern police force. The police were composed of officers from several nationalities, the four most important being French, Russian, Chinese and Vietnamese. Through a comparative study of recruiting conditions, training courses, salaries, welfare and job turnover, I establish that the police was a hierarchal institution based on a differentiated treatment according to race and nationality. The police forces adjusted their strategy of spatial control to the three successive expansions of the territory of the French Concession. By controlling the urban space, the police not only helped develop a civilized and ordered Shanghai Frenchtown, but it also created the special cultural character of the French Concession in Shanghai. From the 1920s to the 1930s, nationalism, communism and Japanese expansionism met in Shanghai and led to the creation and development of the Political Service of the French police force
Chabaille, Fleur. "La concession française de Tianjin : une histoire connectée de l 'expansion des concessions étrangères en Chine (1846-1946)." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO20153.
Full textThis thesis aims to further clarify the territorial deployment of foreign settlements in China in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Although the period examined extends from 1846 to the retrocession of the last concessions in 1946, special emphasis is placed on the 1910s, a decade which spelled the end of expansionist logic. The first part analyzes the project of expansion led by the French Municipality of Tianjin from 1902 to 1946 in the Laoxikai District 老西開. This symbolic example serves both as pillar and springboard for writing a connected history of the expansion of foreign settlements. The case study on Tianjin provides a clearer analysis that encompasses Shanghai and Hankou in the second part. Establishing a perspective on the three cities reveals the principles and conditions under which foreign imperialism evolved in China, where mutually competing forces played leading roles. Further, it captures and illustrates the mechanisms of exchange and compromise engaged with Chinese officials and urban citizens. It also discloses the difficult position and weakness of the Chinese State before and after the 1911 Revolution, and the complexity of the relationship between national and local authorities. Finally, it offers a unique vantage point from which to observe sections of Chinese society within the treaty ports whose forms of expression and protest experienced a significant turning point in the 1910s. Relationships between these intertwined evolutions challenge both the dominant historiographical narrative on Western triumphant imperialism and orthodox representations associated with Chinese "modern" nationalism
Rihal, Dorothée. "La concession française de Hankou (1896-1943) : de la condamnation à l'appropriation d'un héritage." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA070029.
Full textThe French concession of Hankow, the fourth and last French settlement established in China, was part of the five foreign settlements created in this city along the Yangtze River. Narrating the history of this neighbourhood from the first attempts at its creation to the retrocession through to the present shows the evolution of its place in urban space and of its representations. Its place being left poorly defined in the city confers to the concession a complex and ambiguous status. After the revocation, the district was neglected and discourses stigmatized the concession phenomenon. After disappearing from the preoccupations of urban development, this space reappears in the reflections of urbanists. Meanwhile, the political instrumentation of the concession's history changed radically. Discourses moved from denouncing imperialist invasion to bringing forward the precocious openness of the city. The perception of the concessions has changed. The phenomenon of rejection surrounding the concession has been replaced by its integration in the city's history. The analysis of historiographical production and heritage protection policy clearly demonstrates the passage of the concession from political instrumentation to economical exploitation
Glaise, Anne Frédérique. "L'évolution sanitaire et médicale de la concession française de Shanghai entre 1850 et 1950." Lyon 2, 2005. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2005/glaise_af.
Full textStudying the living conditions in the French settlement of Shanghai over a period of hundred years gives the possibility of observing a crucial moment of the confrontation between two equally rich cultures, Western and Chinese, cultures which evolved along side each other without any interpenetration. Differences in outlook become apparent, along with all their potential to produce instability; contrast between clean and dirty producing a seemingly moral appreciation and laying the foundation for a form of racism; incapacity to put into practice humanistic principles as expressed in the Declaration of Human rights, basis of any true democracy, resulting in escaping one's responsibilities by creating feelings of inferiority and drawing attention to the other's shortcomings; in this logic of fault-finding, benefits of education are perverted into propaganda, drawing those who seek the truth into an impasse. It is in this way that the Western vision of the world which sets up as rivals the north and south facing slopes of one unique mountain, the yin and the yang, considered logically by the Chinese as complementary, finds its most virulent form of expression
Major, Alexander. "Le Paris de l'Extrême-Orient la "Francité" de la Concession française de Shanghai, 1900-1912." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2011. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/2678.
Full textXu, Chong. "Construction d’une administration de sécurité : défense et maintien de l’ordre public dans la Concession française de Shanghai, 1849-1919." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019IEPP0011.
Full textThis doctoral thesis focuses on a question that has been little studied by the historiography of modern China but that is nevertheless fundamental to the understanding of imperialism in the modern history of this nation. By positioning itself at the intersection of three historiographical camps that are connected and yet distinct—urban history, the history of empires, and the history of the forces of law and order—this thesis will seek to emphasise the idea that the circulation of the skills and knowledge-base of a modern state were an example of “statecraft” within the city of Shanghai, which occupied an intermediary position between the European empires and the Chinese state. The primary focus of the thesis is the issue of defence and the maintenance of public order in the French Concession of Shanghai as being indicative of the relations that existed between the French and local authorities, the possible tensions between the empires, the administrative hierarchy of the French Empire on the ground, and the distribution of the power of military command between the civil and military authorities. The objective is to shed light on the shaping of the municipal administration of Shanghai before the establishment of the Kuomintang municipal authority in 1927 on three levels: what form did relations between the three municipalities within the city take? How did the French authorities build a security administration on the ground? Lastly, how did this security administration respond to the challenges of war and military conflict?
Piquet, Caroline. "La Compagnie Universelle du Canal Maritime de Suez en Égypte, de 1888 à 1956 : une concession française dans la tourmente d’une nation en marche." Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA040135.
Full textThe study examines the history of one of the biggest firm of Modern Egypt, the Suez Canal Company from 1888 to 1956. This period corresponds in Egypt to the emergence of the Nation-State and the build up of national economy. For over than a century, all the activity of the Suez Company set up on Egypt and its concession was a real preserve. Then, the economic and social impact of this Company on the region was enormous, especially on labour market, technology transfer and urban realisations; it can be considered as an actor of development of the Suez Isthmus. However, at the same time, the firm adopted a colonial attitude and denied the country any benefit from these infrastructures: the canal had to serve financial and strategic interests, not to serve local economy. In this context, Egyptian government, nationalist and unionist groups demanded return of the canal to national management. Suez reflects the role of the Egyptian State on foreign business and, in the widest sense, the contradictions of the European concession system in Egypt
Mossberg, Mari. "La relation de concession : Étude contrastive de quelques connecteurs concessifs français et suédois." Doctoral thesis, Växjö universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-907.
Full textWang, Fangfang. "Le port de Shanghai, porte maritime de la Chine, 1843-1912." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUL054.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the development of the Shanghai port from 1843 to 1912, with a particular emphasis on the history of foreign enterprises established in Shanghai during this period. At a time when China is promoting its Belt and Road Initiative, aimed at expanding its global influence by assisting participating countries in developing their public infrastructure, including ports, it is interesting to reexamine the history of the development of the Shanghai port during the concession period. The foreign concessions in Shanghai and the private enterprises established there between 1843 and 1912 played a crucial role in the construction of the port, which later became a development model for other Chinese port cities. The city of Shanghai as we know it today has its foundations in this period. This thesis seeks to demonstrate how the commercial competition among foreign enterprises in Shanghai drove the development of its port. It explores the historical context, key stages of port construction, planning and management, as well as Western imperialism and the emergence of Chinese national consciousness
Zhai, Yun. "La Compagnie française de tramways et d’éclairage électriques de Shanghai. De la construction à l’exploitation : performances, stratégies et structures (1901-1961)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUL043.
Full textAs the largest French public utilities operator in the first half of the twentieth century in China, the Compagnie française de tramways et d'éclairage électriques de Shanghai (abbreviated to CFTE) is a representative case of successfully applying the concession model abroad. The Franco-Belgian capital agreement enabled the company to monopolize the parallel services of electricity, water, and public transport (tramway, trolleybus and bus) in the Shanghai French Concession. However, the financial and technical operations of CFTE have been no less challenged by a series of local and global events. This thesis aims to study the firm's performances throughout its operation. Firstly, CFTE's success is attributable to the support and protection of the French Concession's public authorities. Secondly, the pricing and adaptation strategies employed by the company are key to its good performances. Thirdly, CFTE has taken a policy that is both cooperative and competitive with its Chinese and Anglo-Saxon counterparts based outside its zone of influence. Compared with its "bold" Anglo-Saxon competitor, CFTE has not escaped a trend toward mericanization which is particularly reflected in the evolution of its structural organization
Teng, Teng. "Le territoire de Kouangtchéou Wan : de sa concession à la France à sa rétrocession à la Chine, 1898-1945." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0092/document.
Full textOfficially conceded to France by the Franco-Chinese convention of November 16, 1899, the territory of Guangzhou Wan was, in the eyes of Paul Doumer, General Governor of Indochina at that time, an important and indispensable “machine” for achieving his ambitious political and economic project with regard to the southern China, and for the future French development in the Far East. The study on the history of France in Guangzhou Wan aims to reveal the evolution of a Chinese port city under the French administration, during the first half of the previous century. It’s about, at first, to discover the strategic and geo-political initiative that motivate the takeover of the territory, the administrative and judicial organization adopted, as well as the organic reforms that resulted from the changes of the local or neighboring circumstance, witch had more or less provoked the evolution of this city; then, to expose the hopes of France on this territory and its realized works; finally, to study the raisons why the hopes of France to Guangzhou Wan have been disappointed
Sekkat, Abdelrhani. "La concession de service public en droit administratif français." Bordeaux 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BOR10019.
Full textFrom all administrative contracts, the most important, and may be the most used, the one that is at the origin of may conflict and raises up great interest and ever passion, the contract that the doctrine and jurisprudence call a "concession of public service", is, without any boubt the most problematical, and sometimes the worst delimited. And nevertheless it would be important to define its most important caracteristics. It's the one that expresses the highest degree of collaboration between the administrating and a third party; it's the contracting parties that, on the occasion of inner litigation, made it often become a question of general orders. And still, the notion of concession isn't very clearely defined. The explaination of that enigma must be looked for in the attitude of the contracting parties and especially in the one of the conceding authority, in the fact that the administrative practice of concession made of it a contract that is different from the one which was described in the theoretical classical model ? if that's the right explanation (and why not), it explains an important , and may be a regrettable effect of the evolution of the notion, that evolution, mainly concerning the functions and the domain of use of the concession,is,however, far from having given only negative effects. The concession of public service, that means for the contracting parties rights and obligations, and gives rise to an important contentious matter, is often shows as a notion in crisis. If it seems hard to deny it, it will be necessary to give some explanations about the origins and the manifestations of that crisis, and also about the worth of the solutions proposed to solve it. Finally, it's possible to maintain that the concession problems could be solved by a come back to the first truths of that contract, that's to say, the gestion of the public service belongs to the concessionay, at his own risks, under the control of the conceding authority
Do, Thi Thu Trang. "Etude de la concession dans une perspective contrastive français - vietnamien à partir de corpus oraux." Thesis, Orléans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ORLE1152/document.
Full textThe aim of this PhD is a linguistic analysis of the concessive clause in a contrastive French/Vietnamese perspective based on a corpus of radio programs. Three complementary approaches (linguistic, logical and interactional) are used to define the functions and the properties of concessive clauses in French as in Vietnamese in order to observe the similarities and the differences toward a modelling
Waked, Rita. "La notion de contrat administratif international à travers l'exemple du contrat BOT (Build, Operate, Transfer) : étude comparée Droit français-Droit libanais." Thesis, Paris 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA020005.
Full textTạ, Thị Thúy. "Les Concessions agricoles françaises au Tonkin de 1884 à 1918." Paris, EHESS, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993EHES0104.
Full textThe history of the french agricultural concessions in tonkin between 1884 and 1918 is seen through the socio-economic perspective according the two point of views of economical structure and social structure. This contains the results and the consequences that the concessions had provoked withing colonial economy and rural society. As a result, we will deal with the following problems : - the historical and legal aspect of the topic : traditional rural life ; the agricultural areas and french occupation of the state domains ; regulating the concessions of lands. - incitement of administration for the creation of concessions and in favor of agriculture ; the process of the development of the sucessions and the first influence of rural colonisation. - the concession holders and the manpower : the people, the property and the socio-professional situation of the concession holders in tonkin, hiring, regulation, the three ways of employment of rural manpower. Exploitation of fields, production : concessions, worked surfaces, utilization of the ground, activities and their results. Conclusion : economic and social results
Akkaraphimarn, Bubpa. "La concession de service public : étude comparative en droit français et en droit thai͏̈landais." Toulouse 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU10046.
Full textWhen it is a question of managing the public service, the law relating to the concession process is linked to the law of the public service. It is the pursuit of the public interest which justifies the submission of the administration to these regulations of a private law nature. These regulations are made up of, at the same time, the prerogative of the administration, and restrictions more rigourous than those which concern private entreprise and are, in France as in Thailand, dominated by new requirements (transparency and international regulations). These new factors have equally influenced the contentions aspects of the concession process. The principle of separation between administrative and judicial autorities remains complex. The administrative juridiction is gaining territory in two countries. However the commercial considerations play a more important role in Thai͏̈lande than in France and arbitration, illegal in France, is permitted in Thailand
Soutet, Olivier. "L'expression de la concession en francais des origines a la fin du seizieme siecle." Paris 4, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA040132.
Full textThis study which is based on a wide diachrony, outlines in its preliminaries the grammatical notion of concession as related to the corresponding notion of rethoric. It then defines this notion taking into consideration two points of view : the semantic and the pragmatic. Postulating the continual of the concessive relation throughout history, it observes its impoverishment especially during the later period of latinity. In its first part, the study offers a description of the main concessive prepositions, particularly of por (pour), which constitutes the object of a close syntactical and semantical analysis. This is followed by a description of specific signs : malgre, en despit de, non obstant and non contrestant - finally , two argumentatives operators, meisme and neis are examined. The second part of the study deals with the paratactical expressions of concession : conjunctivus concessivus, alternative concessives, avoir beau and adverbial concessive relations. The third part establishes a classification of the main patterns of concessive subordination (relative and then conjunctive). In terms of theories, this study resorts to the notions of semantico- logical and psychomecanical analysis; a historical analysis reveals as demonstrated by this study, that
Chulakorn, Sirivan. "Etude de la concession en thaï à travers quelques traductions du français en thaï." Paris 5, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA05H054.
Full textSamir, Mohamed. "L'exclusivité territoriale dans le contrat de concession exclusive : étude comparée de droit français et égyptien." Montpellier 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON10043.
Full textAckad, Magued. "Le contrat de franchise en Egypte : étude comparée de droit français et égyptien." Montpellier 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON10042.
Full textKhater, Chérif. "Le contrat de concession de service public ou B. O. T. En droits français et égyptien : étude comparée de l'évolution contemporaine." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010269.
Full textAbdel, Baki Samy. "Les projets internationaux de construction menés selon la formule B. O. T. (Build, Operate, Transfer) : droit égyptien - droit français." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010312.
Full textPerez, Michèle. "Franchiseurs et franchises dans le commerce français : approche sociologique de l'organisation des réseaux de distribution en franchise." Paris 5, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA05H035.
Full textThis work attempts to determine the factors contributing to the low-outcome of the mode of partnership which constitutes franchising in France, particularly in the commercial sector. An introductory section describes the principal characteristics of commercial franchising, specifying the socio-economic conditions which, since 1958, allowed for the development of this mode of distribution. This is followed by a close analysis of the very mediocre results obtained so far. The analysis reveals the nearfailure of the mode of partnership as one caused by an organisational disorder springing from an imbalance which establishes itself between the franchisors and the franchisees. The main social supports work clearly in favour of the former and to the detriment of the latter. The second section proposes a typology of the franchisors and the franchisees and is devoted essentially to a study of the various disparaities and the sources of conflicts which exist between the two. A detailed view of the different manners in which these conflicts are resolved isn offered in the third section which closes with a few proposals for an ameliooration of the functioning of franchising
Aboudou, Amanda Djamiou. "Le contrat de concession exclusive de vente au regard de la réglementation de la concurrence en droit interne français et dans la communauté économique européenne." Orléans, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985ORLE0001.
Full textNuma, Guy. "Réglementations et concurrence dans les chemins de fer français 1823 - 1914." Paris 9, 2009. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2009PA090067.
Full textJanuary 1st 2010 marks the beginning of competition for the international traffic of passengers in the European Union. This deadline raises the problem of the regulation of the railroad industry. It underlines the relevance of studying the interplay between economic analysis, the development of the current events and the evolution of legislation. From a historical and comparative perspective, I examine the economic theories that justify how competition is practiced. Examining how the railroad industry was regulated in the 19th century, I unveil how economic analysis influenced legislation and, reciprocally, how the legislation stimulated the work of the theorists. Thus I shed light on the similarities in the regulations of the railroad industry in the 19th and 20th century. First I retrace the origins of the concession which was the main regulation method, analyzing the theoretical oppositions between the theorists about the way the concessions were granted and how it functioned. Second, I analyze the intramodal competition by comparing the regulation theories and practices in France, Great-Britain and the US. Finally I show that the competition between the inland waterways and the railroads constitutes a form of intermodal competition which failed to mitigate the growth of the railroad companies
McCormick, Gnuva Kathleen. "Le déséquilibre inhérent à la relation de franchise : étude comparative du droit français et du droit américain." Nice, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NICE0033.
Full textThe franchise relationship is complexe. It takes place in an economic context yet it's not like other commercial relationships. The parties sign a contract drafted solely by the franchisor which grants numerous discretionary rights to one party, the franchisor, and imposes important obligations on the other, the franchisee. In addition, the franchise contract, which must govern a long and evolving relationship, is necessarily "incomplete". Conflicts result when the franchisee believes that the franchisor has exercised his rights "opportunistically". The united states and France have had to confront the inherent inequality of the franchise relationship as franchising plays an important role in both their economies. Using different approaches, they attempt to achieve the same goal : allow the franchisor to exercise his rights so that he may control the quality of his system while at the same time insuring that the doesn't abuse the discretion allocated to him by the franchise contract
Hartani, Nahla. "Le modèle français du contrat de franchise et sa réception par les États du Maghreb : le cas de l'Algérie." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022COAZ0018.
Full textAppeared these last decades, an original contractual form - the franchising contract - has modified the structure of Algerian retail distribution.The present work has consisted in providing evidence that this contract was, in Algeria, in the line with of the modern contracts of distribution. Even if the contract is submitted to some adaptations because of the extra national character of the contract, it still contains all the essential elements. It is at the same time, a contract of distribution in network, a contract of reiteration of the know-how, a contract of financing and a contract of collaboration.However, this contractual form is still confronted to major restrictions that could affect its development in the future.An innominate contract, the exam of some Algerian contract law rules or contract clauses indicates that the franchising contract does not have all the necessary tools to provide protection to the franchisor and especially the franchisee.Other factors such as institutional, legal or reglementary requirements show that the current state of the Algerian law does not cover the questions that the fran-chising contract can ask for the development of this concept.This research helps to determine the importance of introducing a specific regulation for the franchising contract in order to ensure the durability of this contractual form. In this work, the input of French law appears indispensable
Bu, Abbas Ali. "Le Contrat de franchise en droit français et en droit koweïtien." Strasbourg, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010STRA4008.
Full textFranchising is a contract which is binding two legally independent persons in the purpose of collaboration, the franchiser giving to the franchisee his distinguished signs and know-how with a payment in return and the commitment of the franchisee to use them according to a uniform commercial technique. Franchising is the repetition of a commercial success beforehand experimented by the franchiser. The implementation of the franchising contract involves the application of an anthology of rights such as contract law, competition law, trademark law and others distinguished signs law. The franchiser must communicate to the franchisee all the precontractual informations imposed by the law. The franchiser and the franchisee have mutual bonds. Franchising takes consequences both towards the execution of the contract and towards its extinction. This thesis carries out a comparative analysis of the franchising contract between the French and the Kuwaiti law
Torbey, Karim. "Les contrats de franchise et de management à l'épreuve du droit des sociétés : étude de droit français et de droit libanais." Paris 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA020020.
Full textLicari, François-Xavier. "La protection du distributeur intégré en droit français et allemand : une contribution à l'étude de la compensation du déséquilibre contractuel dans les contrats de concession et de franchise commerciales." Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000STR30023.
Full textThis work aims at identifying and analysing the different institutions of contract law and of commercial law, which compensate or could compensate the imbalance of powers and values that characterizes this kind of contractual relation. The thesis deals with the questions of misrepresentatian, unfair clauses, certainty of price, but also with the importance of the principle of good faith and fair dealing (article 1134, al. 3 C. Civ. : § 242 BGB). The role of the rules of the commercial agency in unifying the "statute" of the tied distributorship is developped too
Lessassy, Koumou Léopold. "L'internationalisation des firmes de distribution : modes d'implantation et stratégies marketing à l'étranger, cas des distributeurs français." Dijon, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993DIJOE014.
Full textFrench retailers internationalization has just became important recently. Are pattern developed for internationalization of manufacturers able to explain retailers entry modes and their marketing strategies abroad ? This is the question we try to answer. This study identifies the variables that influence both entry modes and strategies. Internationalization strategies are concentration, multi-stores strategy, cooperation and investment. Opportunity and localization are the factors of contingency. Strategy, specific know how and environment have an impact upon respectively the choice of subsidiary, joint venture and franchising. Channels degree of integration depend on retailer uncertainty feeling and product role into a store. Because of the limits of existing literature, we suggest strategy opportunity view of host country, specific exportable know how, entry modes and channels flexibility within retailers typology
Lakroum, Monique. "Chemin de fer et réseaux d'affaires en Afrique occidentale : le Dakar-Niger, 1883-1960." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA070079.
Full textAt the end of the XIXth century, the building of the railway network in West Africa was not only an instrument of colonization but also, in the eyes of some french industrialists, the means to experiment with new techniques of exploitation. Thus the railway line from Dakar to the Niger answered economic and political purposes of various kinds but confliting with the pratices that had been inherited from african trade. Thanks to the spreading of road transport after world war i, the merchants gradually developed rival trade channels which enabled them to control the markets in Senegal and Sudan (Mali) previously linked by rail traffic. In so doing they were able to maintain the mechanisms of arbitrage based upon the local differences in price which the fall in the costs of rail transport was showing a tendency to reduce. Consequently, the growth that was started by railway investments did not spread to all the economic activities
Debelle, Daisy. "Les nouvelles dynamiques du tourisme et de la patrimonialisation en Chine : étude des anciennes concessions et du quartier français de Tianjin en particulier." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010630.
Full textThe topic of cultural heritage is now an important subject in Chinese cities, as the promotion of tourism has become a national priority. Our goal is to better understand the urban regeneration strategies in an historical city. We focus our dissertation on the French former concession of Tianjin, as a cultural and geographical enclave in China. Our objective is to examine the protection, restoration and development of the district and its economic, political and social impacts. Besides, we study the recent rise of Western‐inspired architectures in China, notably in the former concessions. As the globalization promotes the creation of cultural heritage, it creates renewed interest in studying tourism. Subsequently, we study the dissimilarities between the French and Chinese approaches to tourism. More precisely, we measure the geographic effects of these differences and the extent to which tourism development impacts the cultural heritage
Quessette, Laurent. "Au croisement de l'État, du service public et du marché : recherches sur les chemins de fer en droit administratif français." Toulouse 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOU10038.
Full textThe birth and the development of the railroads in France are understood at the same time by the continuation of the movement of centralization of the territory operated by the State, and the expansion without precedent of the capitalist economy, which saw emergence, as from the XIXth century, of the mode of the concessions and the intervention of the public power. With the explosion of the exchanges and ways, a political control of these flows appeared. As from IIIrd Republic, the role of the State evolving on social matters, the rail was gradually led to become a public line of business. Nationalization operated in 1937, by creating the National company of the railroads, and the passage, in 1983, of the statute of company of mixed economy to that of industrial and commercial public corporation, seems to reinforce this tendency. But the behaviour of company adopted by the SNCF, in particular starting from the reform of 1971, leads to a difficult conciliation between requirements which appear increasingly contradictory. In this direction, the influence of European integration was decisive being the questioning of the monopoly of the SNCF, the opening to the competition of the rail networks and the appareance of a new railway regulation. In this configuration, the maintenance of the railway public service seems to depend on the will of the regional councils, within the framework of railway regionalization, and the financial support of the State for the money-losing lines which continue to answer an general interest. These are theses movements that this thesis intends to analyze
Sejourne, Emmanuelle-Sophie. "L' application des droits français et communautaire de la concurrence par le Conseil d'Etat." Paris 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA020054.
Full textHuang, Ming. "Étude contrastive des tournures concessives en français et en chinois." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL063.
Full textThe concession is a “secondary” or “composed” linguistic concept since it combines many fundamental linguistic notions: hypothesis, temporality, causality, negation, intensity, subjectivity, etc. By relating all these crucial notions, our research examines the four most used concessive markers as well as their homologues derived from the same series in Chinese: ji shi "although" "even if", sui ran "although" "despite" (and zong ran "although" "even if"), na pa "although" "even if", jiu shi "even if" (and jiu suan "although" "even if"), as well as their equivalents in French based on previous theories and analyses in the two languages. The aim of the work is to explore the concessive mechanism in these two languages that are typologically distant and different. In the same line as A. Meillet (1912), R. Martin (1982 and 1987) and O. Soutet (1987, 1990 and 1992), etc., our research not only demonstrates the historical evolution of the studied concessive markers, but also highlights its rapprochements with certain French concessive connectors (such as cependant, alors, bien, si, ja, nonobstant, etc.) during their grammaticalization processes from semantic-logical and syntactic-discursive points of view. Our study involves various corpuses from archaic to contemporary Chinese and French, as well as technical linguistic methodologies to categorize and translate the extracted examples. The results of our present research show surprising similarities in terms of the concessive evolution despite the enormous etymological and cultural divergences of the two studied languages
Ngo, Quoc Chien. "Le contrat de franchise : étude comparative (droit français et droit vietnamien)." Thesis, Tours, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOUR1004/document.
Full textFranchising is based on the exploitation by a franchisee of a clientele associated with the franchisor’s trademark. The common interest of both parties in operating a class of customers justifies their mutual obligations: the franchisee mobilizes financial and human resources while the franchisor brings intangible assets. The implementation of a common work also justifies collaboration and mutual trust among the parties during the carrying out of the agreement.Beside their common interest, each of the franchisor and the franchisees has proper interests. Therefore, it is not astonishing to find that every party tries to obtain the best advantage at the lowest cost.The comparative approach of the relationship between the franchisor and franchised in light of their respective interests, under French Law and Vietnamese Law, is enriching. It enables to go thoroughly into the legal aspects of franchising under two legal systems which, in spite of their difference, have many common points
Diniz, Renata. "Le partenariat public-privé dans la mondialisation juridique : une analyse des modèles français et brésilien." Thesis, Paris 2, 2019. https://www-stradalex-eu.passerelle.univ-rennes1.fr/fr/se_mono/toc/PAPUPRIV.
Full textPublic-private partnership is an instrument for outsourcing public action that is part of the deep and lasting movement that is globalisation. This thesis proposes to analyse the trajectory taken by the model of public-private partnership adopted in Brazil in light of the mechanism set up in France, since their concomitant introduction into these two countries about fifteen years ago.Inspired by the British Private Finance Initiative model, France and Brazil have sought to import its benefits, in particular the ability to respond quickly to a need for infrastructure modernisation without compromising - at least in the short term - the balance of public finances. Attracted by a contractual technique that seemed relevant to each in order to implement their projects, the French and Brazilian governments made the necessary efforts to implement and develop this new contractual mode of action; but to varying degrees.The thesis analyses, in the first part, the difficulties of adapting this model faced by both France and Brazil, and secondly, how its implementation led to an adaptation specific to each national reality. Despite a consistent and widespread discourse presenting the partnership as a tool allowing the public and private sectors to "take the best of it", the socio-economic disparities as well as the institutional and legal differences between France and Brazil have produced quite different configurations. The distribution of the public-private partnership model in France and Brazil therefore proves to be heterogeneous, thus highlighting the limits of legal globalisation
Yernault, Dimitri. "L'Etat et la propriété: permanences et mutations du droit public économique en Belgique de 1830 à 2011." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209832.
Full textMalgré ces mutations, le droit public économique n’en présente pas moins une structure permanente qui s’articule autour de cinq grandes relations existant entre les institutions juridiques de l’État et de la propriété :1/ l’État dessine les régimes de propriété ;2/ l’État est lui-même propriétaire ;3/ l’État police et régule les usages de le propriété ;4/ l’État soutient selon les circonstances certaines catégories de propriétaires ;5/ l’État redistribue certains fruits et influences tirés de la propriété.
Si la thèse porte essentiellement sur la période qui court de l’Indépendance à la veille de la sixième réforme de l’État, d’une part, et alors que la Belgique connaît une crise des finances privées et publiques enclenchée en 2008, d’autre part, elle offre à la fois une histoire inédite de la législation économique et un examen minutieux des grandes questions contemporaines qui agitent le droit public économique. Elle aborde ces mouvements longs en trois grandes parties (de 1830 à 1919 aux temps du suffrage restreint ;de 1919 à 1980 de l’avènement du suffrage universel à la crise de la fin des Trente Glorieuses ;de 1980 à nos jours, soit depuis l’installation concomitante du fédéralisme et du primat de la concurrence).
S’intéressant au mouvement communal comme au droit colonial, au sauvetage des secteurs jugés systémiques comme à la fondation de grands organismes d’intérêt public, à la régulation comme à la soi-disant subsidiarité fonctionnelle de l’État, la dissertation vérifie l’hypothèse selon laquelle un droit qui a pour objet la politique économique repose sur l’ensemble des cinq grands rapports identifiés que nouent l’État et la propriété. Elle permet ainsi de mieux appréhender ce qu’est la vraie "Constitution économique" de la Belgique, laquelle est loin d’être portée par sa seule Constitution écrite.
Doctorat en Sciences juridiques
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished