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Journal articles on the topic 'Conciliary behaviour'
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LaMotte, Adam D., Nancy A. Remington, Casey Rezac, and Christopher M. Murphy. "Examining Positive and Negative Reactions and Conciliatory Behaviors After Partner Violence Perpetration." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 34, no. 3 (2016): 599–620. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260516644596.
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This study investigated positive and negative reactions and conciliatory behaviors after perpetration of intimate partner violence (IPV). The goals were to examine the rates of these reactions and their associations with key attitudinal and personality factors. During program intake at a community agency, 172 partner violent men completed assessments of positive reactions (e.g., feeling justified) and negative reactions (e.g., feeling ashamed) after IPV, conciliatory behaviors after IPV (e.g., buying flowers for the partner), frequency of physical assault and abuse perpetration, and motivational readiness to change. In addition, a subset of participants ( n = 64-71) completed assessments of outcome expectancies of IPV and borderline, antisocial, and psychopathic personality characteristics. The vast majority of participants (89.8%) reported negative reaction(s) after IPV; 32.7% reported positive reaction(s), and 67.5% reported conciliatory behavior(s). Positive reactions after IPV were associated with positive outcome expectancies of IPV, more frequent abuse perpetration, and antisocial features. Negative reactions after IPV were associated with greater motivation to change, more frequent abuse perpetration, and borderline features, and were inversely linked to psychopathic traits. Conciliatory behaviors were associated with motivation to change, borderline characteristics, and lower levels of psychopathic traits. Cognitive, emotional, and behavioral reactions to IPV may be important for stimulating clinical discussion of motivations and barriers to change, and can inform the functional analysis of IPV.
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Schrage, Jana, Bettina Schwörer, Nora Rebekka Krott, and Gabriele Oettingen. "Mental contrasting and conciliatory behavior in romantic relationships." Motivation and Emotion 44, no. 3 (2019): 356–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11031-019-09791-9.
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Carpenter, Thomas P., Robert D. Carlisle, and Jo-Ann Tsang. "Tipping the scales: Conciliatory behavior and the morality of self-forgiveness." Journal of Positive Psychology 9, no. 5 (2014): 389–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2014.910823.
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Rangganadhan, Anita R., and Natasha Todorov. "Personality and Self-Forgiveness: The Roles of Shame, Guilt, Empathy and Conciliatory Behavior." Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 29, no. 1 (2010): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2010.29.1.1.
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Shuman, Eric, Eran Halperin, and Michal Reifen Tagar. "Anger as a catalyst for change? Incremental beliefs and anger’s constructive effects in conflict." Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 21, no. 7 (2017): 1092–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1368430217695442.
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The traditional understanding of the role of anger in conflicts is that it leads to aggressive actions that escalate conflict. However, recent research has found that under certain circumstances anger can have constructive effects such as increasing support for more risky conciliatory steps in negotiation. The current study aims to identify a psychological moderator that determines whether anger has such destructive or constructive effects. We propose that people’s beliefs about the malleability of groups (i.e., implicit theories about groups) moderate whether anger leads to conciliatory, constructive behaviors or destructive, aggressive behaviors. We test this hypothesis in two different contexts (a) race relations in the US in the context of recent protests against police brutality, and (b) the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. Results indicated that induced anger (compared to control condition) increased support for aggressive policies for participants who believed that groups cannot change. In contrast, for those who believed groups can change, inducing anger actually increased support for conciliatory policies compared to a control condition. Together, this indicates that anger can have constructive effects in conflict when people believe that groups can change.
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Nincic, Miroslav. "The United States, the Soviet Union, and the Politics of Opposites." World Politics 40, no. 4 (1988): 452–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2010314.
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The notion that the attitudes of the American public vis-a-vis the Soviet Union are driven essentially by emotion, and that they are more extreme and volatile than those of the government itself, is widely believed but may not be valid. While the public typically desires a combination of tough and conciliatory policies, it also tends to express, at any given moment, particular concern about whichever of the two it feels is most slighted in U.S. policy. Thus, the public will tend to seek conciliatory behavior from hawkish administrations while preferring a tough stance from administrations it deems dovish. By so doing, the public is likely to have a moderating effect on official behavior toward Moscow. The proposition is tested with reference to shifts in public approval of presidential Soviet policy, and certain implications are suggested for the manner in which political leadership perceives of its mandate.
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Araya Silva, Lorena. "El malestar en la teoría del sujeto de Guy Bajoit / The malaise in Guy Bajoit’s Theory of the Subject." Castalia - Revista de Psicología de la Academia 28, no. 4 (2017): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.25074/07198051.4.593.
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<p>La teoría del sujeto de Bajoit es una teoría que intenta explorar las conductas individuales, a partir de la capacidad de la persona para constituirse en un individuo-sujeto-actor mediante la conciliación de las expectativas relacionales que ha construido a lo largo del proceso de socialización. En este proceso el individuo va configurando su identidad personal que se constituye por las identidades asignada, deseada y comprometida. El malestar, en este marco teórico, surge de las tensiones existenciales que se provocan ante la imposibilidad del individuo para conciliar lo que cree que lo otros esperan de él y lo que él mismo desearía ser y hacer, impidiéndole convertirse en un sujeto y en un actor de su propia existencia.</p><p><strong>Palabras clave:</strong> sujeto, tensión existencial, malestar</p><p> </p><p class="Ttulo21"><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>The Bajoit’s theory of the subject is a theory that attempts to explore individual behaviors, starting from the person’s capacity to become an individual-subject-actor through the reconciliation of the relational expectations that has built throughout the socialization process. In this process, the individual shapes his personal identity, constituted by the assigned, desired, and committed identities. In this theoretical framework, the malaise arises from the existential tensions that are provoked by the person’s impossibility to conciliate what he believes others expect from him, and what he himself would like to be and do, which in turn does not allow him to become subject and actor of his own existence.</p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong><em> </em>subject, existential tension, malaise</p>
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Barkat, Johnston S. "Reaching for ripeness: promoting negotiation through unilateral conciliatory action." International Journal of Conflict Management 30, no. 2 (2019): 180–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcma-10-2017-0125.
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PurposeWhile the process of negotiation has been studied extensively, little research has been done on the factors that lead parties to the negotiation table. In light of this, the purpose of this paper is to examine effects of unilateral conciliatory initiatives (UCIs) (actions) on the willingness and preparedness of parties to negotiate.Design/methodology/approachThe study used a separate-sample posttest, 2 × 3 factorial design. Subjects were placed into simulated intractable resource- and identity-based conflicts. Groups then received UCIs (in the form of economic aid and apology) intended to benefit the other and contribute to a high commitment to de-escalation (ripeness). Ripeness was measured by increased empathy; and decreased distrust, escalatory behaviors (operationalized as aggression and autistic hostility), anger, win-lose/competitive orientation and negative attributions.FindingsUCIs were shown to impact both the state and the process of ripeness. Apology facilitated ripeness in an identity conflict and positively impacted five of the six resistance areas in a resource conflict. Economic aid likewise affected ripeness in an identity conflict but did not impact a resource conflict better than an apology. The offer of an apology affected empathy in both conflict types but economic aid did not do so in a resource conflict. It was also observed that an identity-based conflict produced less trust and increased negative attributions than did a resource conflict.Originality/valueThis suggests that identity and resource conflicts activate some resistance areas differently. It also reveals that similar interventions may be effective in both conflicts but that each UCI affects particular resistance areas differently. The findings suggest that there should be an increased emphasis on apology by conflict resolution practitioners. The practical and theoretical implications of apologies and resource sharing in de-escalation are discussed, to facilitate their appropriate use in resolution strategies that reduce tensions within conflict.
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Dugan, Laura, and Erica Chenoweth. "Moving Beyond Deterrence." American Sociological Review 77, no. 4 (2012): 597–624. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003122412450573.
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Rational choice approaches to reducing terrorist violence would suggest raising the costs of terrorism through punishment, thereby reducing the overall expected utility of terrorism. In this article, we argue that states should also consider raising the expected utility of abstaining from terrorism through rewards. We test effects of repressive (or punishing) and conciliatory (or rewarding) actions on terrorist behavior using the newly developed GATE-Israel dataset, which identifies events by Israeli state actors toward Palestinian targets on a full range of counterterrorism tactics and policies from 1987 to 2004. Results show that repressive actions are either unrelated to terror or related to subsequent increases in terror, and conciliatory actions are generally related to decreases in terror, depending on the tactical period. Findings also reveal the importance of understanding the role of terrorists’ constituencies for reducing violence.
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Mehsud, Muhammad Imran, Azam Jan, and Tariq Anwar Khan. "War or Peace on the Rivers of South Asia?" Liberal Arts and Social Sciences International Journal (LASSIJ) 4, no. 1 (2020): 242–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.47264/idea.lassij/4.1.21.
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The renowned water expert, John Briscoe, predicted a bleak future for India-Pakistan water relations across the Indus attributing it to Pakistan’s downstream anxieties vis-à-vis upstream regional hegemon-India. Do the other co-riparian states of India share the same bleak future across the South Asian rivers of the Ganges, Brahmaputra, and Meghna or are the water relations across these rivers peaceful as compared to the Indus? To answer this question, this study first explores India-Pakistan water disputes on the Indus and then analyses India-Bangladesh water disputes on the Ganges and Brahmaputra, India-Nepal, India-Bhutan, and Pakistan-Afghanistan water relations. The methodology adopted for this study is descriptive, historical, and analytical in its nature. The study concludes that India has not only failed to adopt a conciliatory approach towards Pakistan on the Indus but has generated mistrust amongst other neighbouring countries over water sharing due to its hegemonic hydro-behaviour. It recommends that India should adopt a conciliatory approach to have peaceful relations across the rivers of South Asia.
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Zagal Arreguín, Héctor. "The role of self-knowledge in aristotelian friendship." Kriterion: Revista de Filosofia 51, no. 121 (2010): 117–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-512x2010000100006.
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This paper discusses the capital role that friendship plays in moral self-knowledge within Aristotelian Ethics. It focuses on the different ways in which a friend may shed light on the understanding of our behavior. Great attention is paid to the accounts of certain commentators (especially, of Richard Kraut and Anthony Kenny) on this subject. The paper tries to provide a conciliatory interpretation between views on self-knowledge that are, only in appearance, irreconcilable.
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Colmenares, Fernando, and Fernando Silveira. "Post-Conflict Non-Aggressive Behaviours may be neither Friendly nor Conciliatory: Conflict Management of Male Hamadryas Baboons." Ethology 114, no. 11 (2008): 1101–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0310.2008.01559.x.
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CASTLES, DUNCAN L., FILIPPO AURELI, and FRANS B. M. DE WAAL. "Variation in conciliatory tendency and relationship quality across groups of pigtail macaques." Animal Behaviour 52, no. 2 (1996): 389–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1996.0183.
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Ku, Yangmo. "National Interest or Transnational Alliances? Japanese Policy on the Comfort Women Issue." Journal of East Asian Studies 15, no. 2 (2015): 243–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s159824080000936x.
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When and why does a perpetrator state take a contrite stance on its past wrongs? More specifically, why do Japanese behaviors differ over time in addressing apology and compensation with regard to the comfort women issue? In this article I address these questions by testing two hypotheses, utilizing an instrumentalist approach and a transnational-political activism model. The former posits a perpetrator state is more likely to take a contrite stance on its past misdeeds when it calculates such action is in its security and/or economic interests. The latter hypothesizes that when transnational activism is powerful and a perpetrator state is led by a progressive ruling coalition, the state is more likely to adopt conciliatory policies toward historical issues. I find that the transnational-political activism model possesses more explanatory power than instrumentalism for within-case variations in Japanese behavior toward the comfort women issue. The two approaches are not, however, mutually exclusive and are complementary in some regards. The effect of transnational activism is heightened when the target state is faced with other geopolitical incentives and/or when the target state is led by a progressive ruling coalition and has weak conservative reaction.
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Schino, Gabriele, and Claudia Marini. "Know your enemy: accessibility and danger modulate the use of conciliatory patterns in mandrills." Animal Behaviour 81, no. 5 (2011): 1009–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2011.02.004.
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Margolina, Tatyana I., and Polina A. Surovyatkina. "Barriers and incentives in the development of mediation (conceptional procedures) in the social sphere." Вестник Пермского университета. Философия. Психология. Социология, no. 3 (2020): 494–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2078-7898/2020-3-494-505.
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This article identifies barriers and incentives for the use of mediation (conciliation procedures) in dealing with conflicts arising in the social sphere. The study is based on the analysis of the literature, particularly scholarly works written by specialists in the field — mediators and intermediaries. Among the barriers revealed are the low level of public awareness of conciliatory procedures, negative psychological attitudes towards the conflict and the process of its peaceful settlement as well as barriers associated with the low level of mediators’ training, the absence of normative regulation for the out-of-court mediation procedure. The article substantiates how particular barriers hinder the development of conciliatory technologies. The identified incentives include saving resources, the possibility of maintaining and restoring relationships, the flexibility of the procedure, and the basic principles and rules of mediation. It is described how these incentives contribute to the spreading of this institution in Russia. The article also provides a description of the results of research (sociological survey) concerning the views of students, experts in the field of mediation, state and municipal employees and pensioners, about the obstacles in the development of mediation as well as factors stimulating this process. The empirical study results confirmed the theoretical conclusions about the existence of real barriers in the development of conciliation procedures in the social sphere, such as the lack of information about conciliatory technologies for resolving conflicts, the lack of regulations on their application out of court, the lack of salary standards for mediators in budgetary organizations, the predominant ideas in society about the competitive strategy of behavior in a conflict, the lack of information about educational programs in the field of conflictology and mediation. In conclusion, the authors provide some recommendations prepared based on the analysis of the literature and the empirical research results and containing possible measures aimed at removing the existing barriers.
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Yamane, Sk, S. Hosoishi, and S. Syaukani. "Taxonomic notes on rattan-inhabiting ants of the genus Camponotus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." Zoosystematica Rossica 30, no. 2 (2021): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.31610/zsr/2021.30.2.175.
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Camponotus megalonyx Wheeler, 1919 is an ant species nesting in rattan and represents the single member of the subgenus Myrmopalpella Stärcke, 1934. Camponotus (Tanaemyrmex) dracocephalus Stitz, 1938, syn. nov., described from a queen with a strangely shaped head is synonymised with C. megalonyx, based on the comparison of a queen from Sabah (Borneo), associated with a worker of C. megalonyx, with the images of the holotype of C. dracocephalus. Comparison of the type of C. dracocephalus with queens of other species from the subgenus Tanaemyrmex Ashmead, 1905 clearly confirms that this species should be excluded from the subgenus. Relationship of the species of the subgenus Myrmoplatys Forel, 1916, also inhabitants of rattans, with C. (Myrmopalpella) megalonyx is briefly discussed. Based on a number of characters of the worker and queen, C. (Myrmoplatys) korthalsiae concilians Forel, 1915 is upgraded to specific rank. An illustrated redescription of C. concilians stat. promotus is given.
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Chougrani, El Houcine, Naser Abdel Raheem Al Ali, and Vladimir Chebotarev. "Legal regulation of the safety of autonomous ships: environmental challenges and approaches." E3S Web of Conferences 296 (2021): 04006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202129604006.
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This study aims to explain the difficulty of the absence of legal regulation of the safety of autonomous and the effects of automation systems (ships in this study) on the human (jobs, skills, human behavior) and nature (pollution, loss of biodiversity, damage, etc). So the human should introduce a novel manner of thinking with the effect of the ethical and moral principle of automation. Our contribution will; focuses on the problem that how to conciliate between the huge positive technology evolution and the negative impact on the human and nature. This paper addresses the need to renew and positioning research in light of this contending.
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Ballano, Vivencio. "Catholic Social Teaching, Theology, and Sociology: Exploring the Common Ground." Religions 10, no. 10 (2019): 557. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel10100557.
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Drawing on some secondary literature and using sociological perspectives, in this paper, I trace the fundamental conflict and differences between sociology and theology as academic disciplines and draw some implications on why the contributions of sociological inquiries and their empirical assessments of society and human behavior are seldom used in literature and learning materials on Catholic social teaching (CST)—a body of moral principles based on papal, conciliar, and other official Church documents on the Christian faith and social concerns. I argue that despite methodological and theoretical differences, sociology and CST’s moral theology can share a common ground in dealing with the social order: the moral theologizing of CST begins where sociologizing ends. Sociology is a necessary tool to reformulate CST’s Christian message to the constantly changing historical and social contexts and provide empirical illustrations to its moral teachings.
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EL BOUAYADI, Ossama, Yann LAMY, Laurent DUSSOPT, and Brigitte SOULIER. "A New Approach for Reliable and Compact 3D Integration of mmW Transceivers on Silicon Using High-Impedance Surface Antennas." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2014, no. 1 (2014): 000810–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-thp21.
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3D integration of heterogeneous modules including RF and millimeter-wave (mmW) functionalities is opening new challenges for packaging developers to conciliate between electrical performance, thermal behavior and mechanical reliability using cost-effective technologies. This paper deals with innovative integrated antenna solutions within the particular context of 3D heterogeneous integration on silicon interposer using a disruptive design approach. Novel integration schemes of antennas using a high-impedance surface (HIS) reflector are presented. Then, the design steps of a 60-GHz folded dipole antenna for short-range communications are detailed. Simulation and measurement results show promising performances in terms of gain and radiation efficiency. Process and fabrication issues are addressed with specific Back-End processing developments and an experimental validation is proposed.
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Foucher, Roland, and Aziz Rhnima. "Les référentiels de compétences comme outils de gestion : concilier les apports déterministes et constructivistes." Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations 73, no. 4 (2019): 814–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1056978ar.
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Les démarches relatives aux « compétences », qui marquent la gestion des ressources humaines (GRH) depuis quelques décennies, recourent à des référentiels servant à établir les compétences à maîtriser et déployer. Ces outils de gestion s’inscrivent dans un contexte organisationnel évolutif et interactif suscitant des interrogations, particulièrement sur la façon de les déployer afin qu’ils traduisent les compétences valorisées par les parties concernées et celles effectivement déployées.Ce questionnement est à l’origine d’une recherche qualitative en deux étapes. La première, qui s’applique à des concepts liés à l’approche de la théorie ancrée, a permis de retracer cinq propositions qui proviennent d’écrits sur les outils de gestion et les référentiels de compétences : ces dernières font ressortir : 1-les limites d’une approche déterministe, 2-les interactions entre instruments et usagers, ainsi que 3- celles entre individus et travail effectué, 4-les appropriations sociopolitiques, psycho-cognitives et symboliques qu’elles suscitent, et 5- la pertinence de créer une rétroaction entre les expériences vécues et la révision des référentiels. En second lieu, l’analyse de différents courants de pensée appartenant à l’approche constructiviste a fourni un complément d’information pouvant servir d’assise aux mécanismes d’appropriation.Le cadre de référence résultant de ces deux apports a été illustré, lors de la seconde étape de la recherche, par quatre cas prenant racine dans des apports théoriques pertinents, logiquement reliés à un des processus d’appropriation et basés sur une méthodologie reconnue. Ainsi, la recherche montre qu’une complémentarité fructueuse est possible entre les approches déterministes et constructivistes lorsque l’on considère les rapports entre compétences inscrites dans un référentiel, compétences déployées et exigences du travail.
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Poulin, Michel. "Sea ice diatoms (Bacillariophyceae) of the Canadian Arctic. 2. A taxonomic, morphological and geographical study of Gyrosigma concilians." Nordic Journal of Botany 10, no. 6 (1991): 681–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.1991.tb02109.x.
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Samuel, B. John, and M. Raja Gughan. "MVEE: A Defence Mechanism against Code Injection Attacks." Applied Mechanics and Materials 573 (June 2014): 565–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.573.565.
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The growth of interconnected computer increases the amount and obscurity of attacks. Computer systems require apt security mechanism. Intrusion detection and prevention systems play an important part in detecting and preventing the attacks before they conciliate software. Multi-variant execution environment is an intrusion detection and prevention mechanism that executes several slightly different versions of a program, called variants, in concurrency. The variants are defined as more than 2 same instances. These variants contain the same operational unit of the original program. The variants are built to have indistinguishable manners under normal execution environment. If any of the variant is under attack, there are noticeable divergences in their execution behavior. A monitor compares the execution manners of the variants at specific synchronization points and raises an alarm when a variance is detected.
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Kortchmar, Estela, Maria Cristina Pinto de Jesus, and Miriam Aparecida Barbosa Merighi. "Experience of women with a school-age child with down syndrome." Texto & Contexto - Enfermagem 23, no. 1 (2014): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-07072014000100002.
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The aim of this study was to understand the experience and expectations of women having a school-age child with Down Syndrome. Participants were ten mothers of children with this syndrome who attended a mainstream school and were interviewed in June 2011. The following categories emerged from the testimonies: 'coping with challenges', 'search for balance', 'future projection of the child with Down Syndrome' and 'conciliation among being a woman, worker and mother to a child with Down Syndrome'. The women feel overburdened by the need to conciliate multiple roles. They are concerned with not knowing who will take care of their child in the future, do not have time to take care of themselves and everything related to the personal life is referred to as a postponed desire. Despite nuances of particularities, these women's experiences represent a typical behavior that characterizes the action of women having a child with Down syndrome.
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Rosentzveig, E., and C. G. Cozaru. "Psychopathological approach in interrelation of socially disabled people." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (2011): 682. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72388-4.
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Social disability at institutionalized young people is emerging as a disadvantage compared with non-institutionalized, produced by the absence of family environment, by inadequate extra-school influences, or emotional and behavioral disorders. These disorders, subsequent to institutionalization, may lead to their transformation into other types of mental disorders, such as mental deficiency and social maladjustment.Thus, we tried a psycho-pedagogical and psychopathological approach of depression found in individuals with social disabilities (abandoned and institutionalized children in orphanages), aiming, with specific means, a theoretical and experimental understanding of known or probable relationship between depressive symptoms and social disability for abandoned children, the practical need being to identify early manifestations of depression and begin rapidly the treatment in children abandoned.Our conclusion was that young people in institutions are less able to regulate dysphoric-aggressive affects, compared to non-institutionalized children, which often develop conciliatory behaviors and present higher levels of tolerance.
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Bezombes, Lucie, Stéphanie Gaucherand, Thomas Spiegelberger, Véronique Gouraud, and Christian Kerbiriou. "A set of organized indicators to conciliate scientific knowledge, offset policies requirements and operational constraints in the context of biodiversity offsets." Ecological Indicators 93 (October 2018): 1244–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.06.027.
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Fonton, Noël Houédougbé, Charles Chaffra Yabi, Jean Zinsou Dah-Dovonon, Fortuné Kokou Adoko, and Titilayo Dotchamou. "Modélisation du volume du fût d'arbre pour une gestion durable des écosystèmes forestiers soudaniens." BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 300, no. 300 (2009): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2009.300.a20418.
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La difficulté de disposer d¿un tarif de cubage de chaque essence en forêt naturelle a conduit les aménagistes à utiliser le coefficient de forme proposé par Dawkins. Cette note propose une méthode conciliant les exigences écologiques (aspect non destructif du cubage des arbres sur pied) et la mise à disposition d¿outils adéquats d¿estimation du volume des arbres sur pied. Trois essences ont été choisies dans la forêt classée de Wari-Maro au Bénin pour mener l¿étude: Isoberlinia spp., Anogeissus leiocarpa et Daniellia oliveri. Il ressort que la meilleure équation de cubage du volume du fût est de la forme V = a + bD2 H quelle que soit l¿essence. L¿étude comparative révèle une amélioration de l¿estimation du volume fût de l¿ordre de 10% sur le modèle de Dawkins. (Résumé d'auteur)
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Coutinho, Luciano R., Anarosa A. F. Brandão, Olivier Boissier, and Jaime S. Sichman. "Towards Agent Organizations Interoperability: A Model Driven Engineering Approach." Applied Sciences 9, no. 12 (2019): 2420. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9122420.
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In the research and development of multiagent systems (MAS), one of the central issues is how to conciliate the autonomy of the agents with a desirable and stable behavior of the MAS as a whole. Agent organizations have been proposed as a suitable metaphor for engineering social order in MAS. However, this emphasis has led to several proposals of organizational models for MAS design, thus creating an organizational interoperability problem: How to ensure that agents, possibly designed to work with different organizational models, could interact and collectively solve problems? In this paper, we have adopted techniques from Model Driven Engineering to handle this problem. In particular, we propose an abstract and integrated view of the main concepts that have been used to specify agent organizations, based on several organizational models present in the literature. We apply this integrated view to design MAORI, a model-based architecture for organizational interoperability. We present a MAORI application example that has shown that our approach is computationally feasible, enabling agents endowed with heterogeneous organizational models to cooperatively solve a problem.
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Chen, Hong-wei, and Tadashi Aotsuka. "Survey of the genus Leucophenga (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from Iriomote-jima, Japan, with descriptions of three new species." Canadian Entomologist 135, no. 2 (2003): 143–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/n02-054.
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AbstractThirteen species of the genus Leucophenga were found from Iriomote Jima of Ryukyu Islands, Japan, including three new records and three new species: L. argentata (de Meijere), L. confluens Duda, L. digmasoma Lin et Wheeler, L. concilia Okada, L. maculata (Dufour), L. meijerei Duda, L. ornata Wheeler, L. orientalis Lin et Wheeler, L. regina Malloch, L. umbratula Duda, L. iriomotensissp. nov., L. multipunctatasp. nov., and L. obscurasp. nov.Leuco phenga regina is redescribed and the three new species are described. A key to all species from Iriomote Jima is provided.
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JOH, GYEONGJE. "Distribution and frequent occurrence of diatom taxa (Bacillariophyta) inhabiting warmer oceans in Seogwipo coast of Jeju Island, southernmost Korea." Phytotaxa 517, no. 1 (2021): 1–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.517.1.1.
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The epiphytic diatoms attached to seaweeds and benthic diatom assemblages, have been collected along the Seogwipo coast in Jeju Island, South Korea. In the last three-year survey, 80 diatom taxa inhabiting warmer oceans have been found, including those in the tropical and subtropical regions such as the Pacific Ocean, the Caribbean Sea, the western Indian Ocean, and other warmer regions. These diatom flora shows a worldwide pattern that concentrated around the Tropic of Cancer. This survey of local areas reveals the existence of many rare or retrieved taxa that were not well known until recently. Furthermore, some of them, including Aulacodiscus affinis, Leudugeria janischii, Hyalosynedra lanceolata, Trachyneis velata var. ornata, Lyrella concilians have been reported for the first time since the first entry or haven been reported only once. Of the diatom flora described here, 48 taxa are new to South Korea and previously unrecorded in the local area.
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Baldwin, Carole C., and G. David Johnson. "Paxton concilians: A New Genus and Species of Pseudamine Apogonid (Teleostei: Percoidei) from Northwestern Australia: The Sister Group of the Enigmatic Gymnapogon." Copeia 1999, no. 4 (1999): 1050. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1447980.
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GRIMALDI, DAVID A., JEFFREY M. CUMMING, and ANTONIO ARILLO. "Chimeromyiidae, a new family of Eremoneuran Diptera from the Cretaceous." Zootaxa 2078, no. 1 (2009): 34–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2078.1.2.
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A new family of eremoneuran Brachycera, the Chimeromyiidae, is proposed for two genera and eight species of a distinctive, monophyletic group of flies in 125–100 myo amber. The new family is related to the Empidoidea and basal Cyclorrhapha. Four new species of Chimeromyia are described: C. pilitibia Grimaldi and Cumming (in Lebanese amber), C. mediobscura Grimaldi and Cumming, C. alava Arillo and Grimaldi (in Spanish amber), and C. burmitica Grimaldi and Cumming (in Burmese amber). A new genus, Chimeromyina Arillo and Grimaldi is also described, for a primitive new species C. concilia (in Spanish amber). New details of these flies are described, particularly of male and female terminalia, and the relationships between this and other eremoneuran families are discussed.
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Villaluenga de Gracia, Susana. "La remuneración y el control del servicio cultual en la Iglesia de Toledo (S. XVI)." Pecvnia : Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, Universidad de León, no. 8 (June 1, 2009): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/pec.v0i8.685.
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El propósito de este artículo es examinar el sistema de remuneración del clero en la catedral de Toledo en el siglo XVI. Su cabildo mantenía un sistema basado en las enseñanzas bíblicas y la normativa conciliar. Existía así una relación directa entre la remuneración de los sacerdotes y su misión de culto. Esto permitió establecer un salario justo en función a la presencia de los beneficiados a los oficios divinos y a las horas canónicas. Además, el cabildo garantizaba la correcta ejecución de este sistema retributivo a través de importantes mecanismos de control, apuntando de forma rigurosa las ausencias o irregularidades en el culto, que eran penalizadas a cuenta de su asignación y repartidas entre los beneficiarios cumplidores.<br /><br />The purpose of this articte is to explore the system of remuneration to priest on the cathedral of Toledo in the XVI century. Its chapter kept a system based on the biblical preaching and the canons of the ecclesiastical councils. There was thus a plug between the remuneration of the priest and their mission of cult to God. The belief system was a key factor to set an exact salary that was based on the presence of prebendaries at the divine offices and the canonical hours. Furthermore, the chapter kept an effective control system to report about the absences or irregular behaviour in the cult that were penalized. Then, on based to this information, it was set the salary. The fines were distributed to the prebenderies that fulfilled their obligations.
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Carrasco, Inmaculada. "Gender gap in innovation: an institutionalist explanation." Management Decision 52, no. 2 (2014): 410–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-07-2012-0533.
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Purpose – The aim of this paper is to contribute to knowledge on innovation from a gender perspective, and to investigate how environment affects the process of innovation by women. Design/methodology/approach – The empirical study uses a Structural Equations Model of a Partial Least Squared (PLS) technique. Data of 40 countries from around the world were collected from 2008. Findings – Institutional environment matters for innovative activity by women. An innovative thinking is required for integrating the gender perspective in innovative milieus in order to enrich, diversify and promote stronger innovation activities, mobilising unexploited opportunities for managers in the business sector, and for policy makers in the public one. Research limitations/implications – A new sex-disaggregated dataset will allow us to enlarge and improve upon this study. A longitudinal study would be extremely useful, but for the moment, there are no available data of this kind. Practical implications – Policies designed to reduce the gap for women in innovation activities have to fight against gender segregation in the job market and gender differences in education and training. They must increase flexibility in the workplace, provide more help to conciliate family and working lives, and reduce the gap in family responsibilities taken on by women. Originality/value – This paper contributes to the cross-over of knowledge between innovation and gender, and reduces the lack of information on how external factors may impact innovative behaviour by gender.
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Ziegler, Charles E. "Sanctions in U.S. - Russia Relations." Vestnik RUDN. International Relations 20, no. 3 (2020): 504–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-0660-2020-20-3-504-520.
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Given America’s leading position in the global economy, the U.S. government has frequently leveraged that power to punish “rogue states”, discourage nuclear proliferation, promote democratization, and create pressure for regime change. Washington relied on economic incentives in relations with Russia after 1991, but since 2012 the United States has utilized a broad range of economic sanctions against Russian side, leading to a significant deterioration in what was already a troubled relationship. In contrast to earlier comprehensive sanctions like those imposed on Iraq and Haiti, the U.S. is now crafting “smart” or targeted sanctions designed to exert maximum pressure on selected Russian elites and firms. Rather than evaluating the effectiveness of these measures on changing Russian behavior, the author explores the neglected domestic dimension of the U.S. sanctions process to improve understanding of U.S. foreign policy. This article draws on primary sources in the form of Congressional legislation, executive orders, and official statements to analyze U.S. sanctions imposed on Russia, and develops three brief case studies - the Magnitsky Act, post-Ukraine sanctions, and the Countering America’s Adversaries Through Sanctions Act - to explicate the main issues and actors driving U.S. sanctions. The author argues that domestic factors, including Congressional pressures and interest group activity, are critical to understanding U.S. sanctions regimes. While President Donald Trump has frequently resisted congressionally imposed sanctions, expectations for a more conciliatory approach towards Russia under the Trump administration have not materialized.
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Geraldes, Daniela, Ema Madeira, Vânia Sofia Carvalho, and Maria José Chambel. "Work-personal life conflict and burnout in contact centers." Personnel Review 48, no. 2 (2019): 400–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pr-11-2017-0352.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the moderating role of affective commitment in the relationship between work-personal life conflict (WPLC) and burnout in the contact center environment. Design/methodology/approach Data were obtained through the participation of a sample of Portuguese employees (n=2,055) of a large company in the contact center sector. Data were analyzed using the Process tool. Findings The results support the existence of a positive relationship between both dimensions of WPLC (i.e. time and strain) and burnout (i.e. exhaustion and cynicism). Moreover, the study confirms that the affective commitment moderates the relationship between both dimensions of WPLC and cynicism, buffering these relationships. Research limitations/implications The cross-sectional design and the reliance on self-report measures are the main limitations of this study, although no causality was claimed and method biases were controlled. Practical implications Contact center managers should develop human resources practices that aid employees to conciliate work and life. Furthermore, these work-life balance practices should be used together with high involvement human resources practices that promote employees’ affective commitment. Originality/value This study provides evidence for the need to reconceptualize the traditional work-family conflict, stressing the importance of considering the interference between domains of life, especially in sectors that tend to have young employees.
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Marques, Danielle Moreira, and Adriana Lemos. "Sexuality and breastfeeding: woman/mother’s dilemmas." Revista de Enfermagem UFPE on line 4, no. 2 (2010): 622. http://dx.doi.org/10.5205/reuol.806-7183-1-le.0402201022.
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ABSTRACTObjectives: to describe the influence of breastfeeding on women's sexuality; examine the plight of women to combine breastfeeding and sexuality and to discuss the issue of sexuality and breastfeeding from the perspective of professional nursing practice. Methodology: this is a descriptive study, from qualitative approach, based on the report of twenty mothers over two months postpartum, performed in July 2009 in a Healthcare Center in Rio de Janeiro city. The statements led to empirical categories and were worked from the perspective of thematic analysis. This study was approved by the Ethics in Research of the Municipal Health Department/RJ, registration number 97/09. Results: several changes were present in the sexual life of the mothers: decreased libido, poor vaginal lubrication, dyspareunia and lack of sex appeal of the breasts. Conclusion: the changes to the body with motherhood have sexual intercourse with a dilemma for the woman who can not always reconcile the role of wife and mother in the same body. Descriptors: sexuality; breastfeeding; milk ejection; sexual and reproductive rights; maternal behavior; prolactin; postpartum period.RESUMOObjetivos: descrever a influência do aleitamento materno na sexualidade das mulheres; analisar as dificuldades das mulheres em conciliar o aleitamento materno e a sexualidade; e discutir a questão da sexualidade e amamentação sob a perspectiva da prática profissional do enfermeiro. Metodologia: estudo descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa, baseado no relato de vinte nutrizes acima de dois meses de puerpério, realizado no mês de julho de 2009 em um Centro Municipal de Saúde, no Rio de Janeiro. Os depoimentos deram origem a categorias empíricas e foram trabalhados pela perspectiva da Análise Temática. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde – RJ, número de registro 97/09. Resultados: diversas modificações estiveram presentes na vida sexual das nutrizes: diminuição da libido, lubrificação vaginal precária, dispareunia e falta do apelo sexual das mamas. Conclusão: as mudanças ocorridas com o corpo junto a maternidade fizeram do ato sexual um dilema para a mulher que nem sempre conseguem conciliar o papel de mãe e esposa no mesmo corpo. Descritores: sexualidade; aleitamento materno; ejeção láctea; direitos sexuais e reprodutivos; comportamento materno; prolactina; período pós-parto.RESUMENObjetivos: describir la influencia de la lactancia materna sobre la sexualidad de la mujer; examinar la situación de las mujeres a combinar la lactancia materna y la sexualidad y para discutir el tema de la sexualidad y la lactancia materna desde la perspectiva de la práctica profesional de enfermería. Metodologia: un enfoque cualitativo, descriptivo, basado en el informe de veinte madres de más de dos meses después del parto, que se celebró en julio de 2009 en un centro de salud en Río de Janeiro. Las declaraciones llevaron a las categorías empíricas y se trabajó desde la perspectiva de análisis temático. El estudio fue aprobado por la Ética en la Investigación del Departamento de Salud Municipal - RJ, número de registro 97/09. Resultados: varios cambios estaban presentes en la vida sexual de las madres: disminución de la libido, la deficiente lubricación vaginal, dispareunia y la falta de atractivo sexual de las mamas. Conclusión: los cambios en el cuerpo con la maternidad tienen relaciones sexuales con un dilema para la mujer que no siempre se puede reconciliar el papel de esposa y madre en el mismo cuerpo. Descriptores: sexualidad; lactancia materna; eyección láctea; derechos sexuales y reproductivos; conducta materna; prolactina; periodo de posparto.
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Manuti, Amelia, Maria Antonietta Impedovo, and Pasquale Davide De Palma. "Managing social and human capital in organizations." Journal of Workplace Learning 29, no. 3 (2017): 217–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jwl-07-2016-0062.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discuss the role of communities of practice in organizations and their most beneficial effects for both individual and collective development. Design/methodology/approach Based on a literature review, from the first authoritative texts by Lave and Wenger until the most recent critiques, the paper has attempted to conciliate the individual and the organizational perspectives about this precious tool for knowledge management and creation. Findings Because of their distinctive features, a joint enterprise, a mutual engagement and a shared repertoire, if strategically managed, might resort to individual and organizational positive outcomes. From an individual perspective, communities could be beneficial in developing professional skills, a stronger sense of identity and finding continuity even during discontinuity and change. From an organizational perspective, communities of practice could help drive the strategy, start new lines of business, solve problems quickly and transfer best practices. Research limitations/implications Many limitations about this conceptualization have been presented. Therefore, future research should try to focus on communities within different socio-cultural contexts and within different kinds of organizations. Practical implications Practical implications about the use of communities of practice within organizational contexts are mainly linked to the enhancement of human and social capital seen as a strategic, although intangible, asset. Social implications The social implications of this paper are connected to the contribution to the discussion on the theme which is quite uncommon in human resource management research. Originality/value The value of this paper is the attempt to connect the communities of practice to human and social capital.
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Hounlonon, Montcho Crépin, Clément A. Kouchade, and Basile B. Kounouhewa. "PROPRIÉTÉS PHYSIQUES ET MÉCANIQUES DU BOIS DE TECK DE PROVENANCES TANZANIENNE ET LOCALE AU BÉNIN." BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 331 (July 21, 2017): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2017.331.a31325.
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Le teck (Tectona grandis L. f.) est une espèce ligneuse tropicale dont le bois est très demandé. Au Bénin, la provenance tanzanienne et la provenance locale sont les deux variétés de cette espèce les plus plantées. Pour contribuer à la caractérisa- tion du bois de teck du Bénin, nous avons déterminé et comparé, pour le bois de chaque provenance, les modules d’élasti- cité et de cisaillement, la longueur du fût, la circonférence et l’épaisseur d’écorce à hauteur d’abattage, le pourcentage de bois de cœur, la circonférence à une hau- teur de 1,30 m du sol et la masse volu- mique (ou la densité) à 12 % de teneur en eau. Les échantillons ont été préle- vés dans les plantations de la Lama sur des arbres de 20 à 25 ans (six billes de provenance locale et quatre billes de provenance tanzanienne). Les résultats obtenus sur la base de cet échantillon indiquent que, pour cette classe d’âge, les valeurs de ces propriétés pour le bois de teck de provenance locale sont supé- rieures à celles de la provenance tanza- nienne, sauf pour le pourcentage de bois de cœur. Sur la base de notre échantil- lonnage, le teck de provenance locale semble donc d’une certaine qualité, qu’il faut tendre à valoriser par la sélection bio- logique ou clonale des meilleurs sujets, aptes à s’adapter non seulement au chan- gement climatique mais aussi aux struc- tures des sols. Cela permettrait de favori- ser la production du bois de teck sur toute l’étendue du territoire national, voire de la sous-région. Toutefois, la mise en place d’une variété hybride conciliant les atouts des deux provenances pourrait aussi être une grande avancée dans l’amélioration des essences exploitées au Bénin.
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Stevenson, Tom. "Antony as ‘Tyrant’ in Cicero's First Philippic." Ramus 38, no. 2 (2009): 174–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0048671x00000576.
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This paper is concerned with the impact made on Mark Antony by Cicero'sFirst Philippic. Although the speech outwardly maintains a conciliatory attitude, it certainly upset Antony. Scholars have noted criticism of Antony in theFirst Philippic, both political and personal in character, which would not have pleased him. The following discussion argues that there are numerous associations with the stock figure of the ‘tyrant’ which would have been displeasing too. Such a vein of criticism in effect bridges the personal and political dimensions in potentially devastating fashion.TheFirst Philippicwas delivered in difficult circumstances. Brutus and Cassius sent a letter to Antony on 4 August 44 BCE and concluded with a stark warning:neque, quam diu uixerit Caesar, sed quam non diu regnarit, fac cogites(‘keep in mind not the length of Caesar's life but the short time he ruled [sc. as a tyrant]’, Cic.Fam.11.3). On 1 September, the senate met to consider a proposal which would have seen an extra day in honour of the deified Caesar added to all public thanksgivings (Cic.Phil.1.13, 2.110). Antony was angered by Cicero's failure to attend the meeting. He apparently left Rome later that day for Tibur. His consular colleague Dolabella summoned a meeting of the senate ‘for the next day, and this time Cicero attended. It was at the meeting of 2 September that Cicero delivered hisFirst Philippic. In comparison to later speeches in thePhilippicscorpus, theFirst Philippichas seemed to many a moderate and polite speech that concentrated upon Antony's political behaviour and left the door ajar for future cooperation. It certainly contrasts greatly with theSecond Philippic, which is well known for its bitter and sustained personal invective. Nonetheless, theFirst Philippicwas enough to make Antony angry and it is worth re-examining the reasons for this reaction. In particular, allusions inPhilippic1 to Antony as a tyrant and to death as the fate of tyrants, especially in the wake of Caesar's assassination, were probably interpreted by contemporaries as more sinister threats than they have generally been recognised to be by modern readers.
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CARRERA, Luiz Carlos Marque, Roberto Kern GOMES, Patrícia Del Castanhel CLAUMANN, and Eduardo ZANARDI. "OS BENEFÍCIOS E DIFICULDADES NA GESTÃO DA QUALIDADE DE VIDA NO TRABALHO." Administração de Empresas em Revista 1, no. 15 (2019): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21902/adminrev.2316-7548.v1i15.3656.
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RESUMO Vive-se atualmente a Era do Conhecimento, em que as organizações necessitam investir de maneira sistemática em seus recursos humanos, essencialmente pelo fato de que são as pessoas quem podem fazer a diferença nas organizações. Neste contexto, a Qualidade de Vida no Trabalho (QVT) adquire cada vez mais protagonismo no seio destas organizações visando conciliar expectativas pessoais aos objetivos e metas organizacionais. Neste contexto, este trabalho faz uma abordagem ampla sobre o atual estado de conhecimento da QVT, começando pela síntese de suas conceituações e do relato de seu desenvolvimento histórico, passando pela análise crítica de seus principais modelos, com ênfase no modelo de QVT de Walton, um dos mais difundidos no desenvolvimento dos Programas de Qualidade de Vida nas organizações. Assim, através de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, pretende-se identificar quais são estas principais dificuldades e quais os benefícios de se implantar um programa de qualidade de vida no trabalho. Finalmente, conclui-se que o sucesso destes programas se deve principalmente à incorporação de seus principais elementos à cultura organizacional da empresa. Palavras-Chave: Comportamento Organizacional. Qualidade de Vida no Trabalho. Satisfação no Trabalho. ABSTRACT We are now living the Knowledge Age, where organizations need to invest systematically in its human resources, first of all becouse it is people who can make difference in organizations. In this context, Quality of Work Life (QWL) acquires increasing function within these organizations aimed at reconciling personal expectations to organizational goals and objectives. Thus, this paper makes a comprehensive approach on the current state of knowledge of QWT, beginning with the synthesis of its concepts and shows its historical development, through critical analysis of its key models, with emphasis on the QWT model of Walton, one of the most widespread in the development of the Quality of Life Programs in organizations. Thus, through a literature search, we intend to identify what these major difficulties and the benefits of deploying a quality program of work life. Finally, it is concluded that the success of these programs is mainly due to the incorporation of its key elements to the organizational culture of the company. Keywords: Organizational Behavior. Quality of Work Life. Job Satisfaction.
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González-González, José María, Francisco D. Bretones, Rocío González-Martínez, and Pedro Francés-Gómez. "“The future of an illusion”: a paradoxes of CSR." Journal of Organizational Change Management 32, no. 1 (2019): 2–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jocm-01-2018-0018.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the psychological strategies as well as the rhetorical and discursive arguments developed in organizations and by individuals when they have to cope with the paradoxes and changes related to CSR.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses the perspective of the paradox as an analytical framework to parse strategies developed in organizations as they cope with tensions and changes related to CSR. The authors conducted 50 semi-structured interviews with stakeholders and the authors performed a qualitative analysis with the information compiled.FindingsThe main strategies for dealing with CSR paradoxes and changes consist of developing perceptual and motivational biases as well as explicative heuristic ones through which, from a discursive perspective, a coherent and conciliatory framework is presented with rhetoric that play a fundamental role in justifying CSR as a present hope over a future illusion regardless of the past reality.Originality/valueThe lesson to be drawn from the exploration is the following: managers and CSR officers need to leave behind fear, anxiety and defensive attitudes and accept the paradox by re-contextualizing the tension as a stimulus for conscious and reflexive confrontation with emotional equilibrium, this being defiantly motivating as a sensemaker. In this way, the approach to the present inconsistencies in CSR should not involve a dismissal of conflictive situations but rather the development of the capacity to transcend the tension emanating from them and to learn to manage organizations from this paradoxical reality.
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CHEUNG, SIU-KAU, and SYLVIA Y. C. KWOK. "HOW DO HONG KONG CHILDREN REACT TO MATERNAL I-MESSAGES AND INDUCTIVE REASONING?" Hong Kong Journal of Social Work 37, no. 01 (2003): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219246203000020.
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The study investigated the affective reactions (unhappiness, animosity and compassion) and behavioural tendencies (antagonistic and conciliatory) of Chinese children to four kinds of maternal communicative behaviours, namely, I-message revealing primary feelings, I-message revealing anger, You-message implying moralising, and You-message implying criticising. The sample was composed of 527 Chinese students studying at primary four to form three in Hong Kong. Participants rated their affective reactions and behavioural tendencies to videotaped parent disciplinary messages. Results showed that children are most receptive to mothers' I-messages revealing parental distress, next comes You-messages in the form of inductive reasoning, then I-messages revealing anger whereas they are most antagonistic towards You-messages implying criticising. Implications for parent education practice are discussed. 本 研 究 探 讨 本 港 儿 童 对 母 亲 在 管 教 时 所 采 用 的 不 同 说 话 方 式 的 情 绪 反 应 和 行 为 倾 向。 研 究 所 指 的 说 话 方 式 包 括 母 亲 向 子 女 表 达 内 心 困 扰 的 话 语、 母 亲 表 达 内 心 愤 怒 的 话 语、 母 亲 理 谕 教 诲 子 女 的 话 语 和 母 亲 批 评 子 女 的 话 语。 受 测 者 包 括 527 名 就 读 小 四 至 中 三 的 儿 童 青 少 年。 他 们 在 聆 听 一 名 母 亲 的 录 音 话 语 后， 评 估 自 己 的 情 绪 反 应 和 行 为 倾 向。 结 果 显 示， 受 测 者 对 母 亲 表 达 内 心 困 扰 的 话 语 最 为 正 面， 其 余 依 次 为 母 亲 教 诲 子 女 的 话 语、 母 亲 表 达 内 心 愤 怒 的 话 语 和 母 亲 批 评 子 女 的 话 语。 文 章 最 后 讨 论 结 果 对 亲 职 教 育 工 作 的 启 示 。
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Abugideiri, Hibba. "Editorial." American Journal of Islam and Society 13, no. 3 (1996): v—vi. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v13i3.2298.
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The feature articles in this issue of MISS constitute a foray into twodifferent, but related, topics: political authority, as discussed by TamaraSonn in “Political Authority in Classical Islamic Thought,” and by SalimMansur in “Constitutionalism and Ethnic Conflict: The Case of Pakistan,”and the interrelationships among God, humanity, and the universe, asfound in Yusuf Waghid‘s “In Search of a Boundless Ocean and NewSkies: Human Creativity is a Matter of A‘mdl, Jihad, and Ijtihad,” andMasudul Alam Choudhury’s ‘Toward Islamic Political Economy at theTurn of the Century.”In her article, Tamara Sonn analyzes the source of political authorityin the ideal Islamic state. Breaking up Islamic political authority betweenthe executive and the legislative-judicial branches, Sonn reveals how thelegislative-judicial branch, that is, the branch that ensured that the entiregovernment was functioning according to the laws of God, was dominantin classical Islamic political theory. Unlike Christianity, where theologywas the source of politics, Islamic legal thought constituted the source ofpolitical ideas, so much so that “the identity of a community as Islamic ornot lies not in the behavior of the leader but in whether or not Islamic lawprevails.” Far from espousing a theocracy, concludes SOM, the idealIslamic state is governed as a “nomocracy.”In a similar vein, Salim Mansur‘s article is a critical examination of therelationship between constitutionalism and ethnic conflict, with a focus onPakistan. Mansur challenges the analytical scheme that identifies developedsocieties with mature institutions of legitimate order that provide forpolitical stability, continuity of political authority, and established rules forconflict settlement as well as, conversely, identifies developing societieswith the weakness or absence of such institutions. Instead, he argues thatconstitutional norms, designs, and processes need not be separated fromissues of institution building and that “the idea of constitutionalism needsto be integrated into the study of developing societies in order to discoverhow it contributes to a conciliatory process of political participation andpluralism in a society that might be potentially open to fragmentation alongethnic lines.”The other two feature articles found in this issue address the complexquestion of the relationship among God, humanity, and the universe. Yusuf ...
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LHOEST, Simon. "Biodiversité et services écosystémiques en forêts tropicales : le rôle des affectations des terres forestières dans la région du Dja, Cameroun." BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 345 (November 2, 2020): 105–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2020.345.a31949.
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Des dizaines de millions de personnes dépendent des forêts tropicales pour leur subsistance en Afrique centrale. Ces écosystèmes abritent une biodiversité unique et fournissent d'importants services écosystémiques (SE), qui peuvent varier en fonction des stratégies de gestion. Dans cette thèse de doctorat, nous avons évalué la biodiversité et les services écosystémiques dans le paysage du Dja au Cameroun, dans trois affectations des terres forestières : une aire protégée, une concession forestière certifiée FSC et trois forêts communautaires. Tout d'abord, nous avons évalué la valeur de conservation des forêts sur la base de la richesse et de la composition en espèces de deux groupes taxonomiques : les mammifères et les bousiers. Les espèces les plus grandes et les plus menacées ont été détectées dans l’aire protégée et les zones les plus éloignées de la concession forestière, mieux préservées de l'influence humaine. En revanche, les forêts communautaires sont particulièrement défaunées et dégradées en raison de leur proximité avec les routes et les villages, mais elles couvrent des superficies beaucoup plus limitées et conservent une canopée fermée. Deuxièmement, des entretiens identifiant les perceptions de l'offre en SE ont montré que, contrairement aux services de régulation qui ont été rarement mentionnés, les services d’approvisionnement et culturels sont les plus importants pour les populations locales. Parmi ceux-ci, la viande de brousse est le seul service pour lequel l’offre de la forêt n’est pas suffisante pour les populations locales. Troisièmement, en combinant des entretiens et enquêtes de terrain, nous avons quantifié l'utilisation de huit SE d'approvisionnement et culturels par les populations locales. Nous avons constaté que le bois de feu et le bois d'œuvre sont utilisés de manière durable par les populations locales, tandis que la chasse et la consommation de viande de brousse dépassent les seuils de durabilité. Concilier la conservation de la faune sauvage, la sécurité alimentaire et les pratiques de chasse durable est un défi majeur en Afrique centrale. Pour ce faire, il est essentiel d’intégrer toutes les parties prenantes dans les stratégies de gestion forestière durable, permettant d’identifier les leviers sociaux qui sous-tendent les changements de comportement des utilisateurs des forêts.
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Kowalik, Izabela, Lidia Danik, and Tomasz Sikora. "Entrepreneurial orientation elements in the Polish international new ventures." Baltic Journal of Management 12, no. 2 (2017): 194–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bjm-03-2016-0070.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop the international entrepreneurship theory, by examining the entrepreneurial characteristics of international new venture (INV) originating in Poland. Furthermore, it is assessed in the study whether these characteristics relate to the performance of INVs, considering the role of the age of the company. Design/methodology/approach The data were collected via a CATI survey of 105 Polish small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), conforming to the early internationalization criteria, and 128 gradually internationalized SMEs. Student’s t-tests, correlation and, regression analysis were applied for group comparisons and relationship testing. Findings The Polish INVs are characterized by higher innovativeness and risk propensity than gradual exporters. Moreover, medium-strength correlations between entrepreneurial orientation (EO) elements and performance were found. The regression analysis proved that new product introduction, risk taking, and experience influence INV performance. Research limitations/implications The sample includes Polish SMEs from one sector. Moreover, most of the analyzed companies admitted being successful abroad, which may have influenced the study results. Practical implications Fast launching of new products and product development are important for quick expansion. A conciliatory approach to competitors is associated with better performance. Regarding the policy makers, the development of “breakthrough innovations” might not be as important as assisting the INVs in product launches. Originality/value An under-researched topic of EO of SMEs from a post-transformation market and its relationships with performance is explored. Moreover, the correlation of the company’s age and experience with success is studied.
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Nsah, Kenneth Toah. ""No Forest, No Water. No Forest, No Animals": An Ecocritical Reading of Ekpe Inyang’s The Hill Barbers // "Sin bosque, no hay agua. Sin bosque, no hay animales": Una lectura ecocrítica de The Hill Barbers de Ekpe Inyang." Ecozon@: European Journal of Literature, Culture and Environment 9, no. 1 (2018): 94–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.37536/ecozona.2018.9.1.1581.
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This article examines Ekpe Inyang’s play entitled The Hill Barbers (2010) using postcolonial ecocriticism. Combining postcolonial theory and ecocriticism - in order to foreground the author’s postcolonial Cameroonian/African society, the article investigates some of the numerous ecology-related issues raised in the play, among which deforestation, exploitation, capitalism, agency for nature, and the apocalyptic trope. It emerges, from both the play and article, that humans are destroying nature and are consequently suffering from this very destruction. Among the many effects of environmental destruction felt by the Mbungoe human community of the play are acute shortages of drinking water and dwindling animal species on their hills and mountains. One of the major findings of this article is the author’s ability to reconcile hitherto opposing ideologies and practices, such as Judeo-Christianity and African religions and Western science and African traditions, in seeking ways of redressing the increasing ecological problems faced within Cameroonian/African communities and elsewhere around the globe, advocating sustainable behaviour and respect for nature. The paper joins ongoing research attempts to apply ecocriticism in reading literature from postcolonial African societies. Resumen Este artículo examina la obra teatral de Ekpe Inyang titulada The Hill Barbers (2010) a través de la perspectiva de la ecocrítica postcolonial. Combinando teoría postcolonial y ecocrítica, el artículo analiza algunas de las numerosas cuestiones relacionadas con la ecología que se plantean en la obra, cuestiones como la deforestación, la explotación, el capitalismo, la preservación de la naturaleza y el tropo apocalíptico. De la obra y del artículo se desprende que los seres humanos están destruyendo la naturaleza y, por consiguiente, sufren los efectos de esta misma destrucción. Entre las muchas consecuencias de la destrucción ambiental sufridas por la comunidad Mbungoe en la pieza teatral están la escasez aguda de agua potable y la disminución de las especies animales en sus colinas y montañas. Uno de los principales hallazgos de este artículo es la capacidad del autor para conciliar ideologías y prácticas hasta entonces opuestas, como el judeocristianismo, las religiones africanas, la ciencia occidental y las tradiciones africanas, apara dar solución a los crecientes problemas ecológicos a los que se enfrentan tanto las comunidades camerunesas/africanas como otras en diversas partes del mundo. De esta manera, se aboga por un comportamiento sostenible y por el respeto hacia la naturaleza. El artículo supone una contribución a los intentos actuales de hacer una lectura de la literatura producida en las sociedades postcoloniales africanas a través del prisma de la ecocrítica.
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Raimbault, Juste, Eric Denis, and Denise Pumain. "Empowering Urban Governance through Urban Science: Multi-Scale Dynamics of Urban Systems Worldwide." Sustainability 12, no. 15 (2020): 5954. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12155954.
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Cities are facing many sustainability issues in the context of the current global interdependency characterized by an economic uncertainty coupled to climate changes, which challenge their local policies aiming to better conciliate reasonable growth with livable urban environment. The urban dynamic models developed by the so-called “urban science” can provide a useful foundation for more sustainable urban policies. It implies that their proposals have been validated by correct observations of the diversity of situations in the world. However, international comparisons of the evolution of cities often produce unclear results because national territorial frameworks are not always in strict correspondence with the dynamics of urban systems. We propose to provide various compositions of systems of cities in order to better take into account the dynamic networking of cities that go beyond regional and national territorial boundaries. Different models conceived for explaining city size and urban growth distributions enable the establishing of a correspondence between urban trajectories when observed at the level of cities and systems of cities. We test the validity and representativeness of several dynamic models of complex urban systems and their variations across regions of the world, at the macroscopic scale of systems of cities. The originality of the approach resides in the way it considers spatial interaction and evolutionary path dependence as major features in the general behavior of urban entities. The models studied include diverse and complementary processes, such as economic exchanges, diffusion of innovations, and physical network flows. Complex systems dynamics is in principle unpredictable, but contextualizing it regarding demographic, income, and resource components may help in minimizing the forecasting errors. We use, among others, a new unique source correlating population and built-up footprint at world scale: the Global Human Settlement built-up areas (GHS-BU). Following the methodology and results already obtained in the European GeoDiverCity project, including USA, Europe, and BRICS countries, we complete them with this new dataset at world scale and different models. This research helps in further empirical testing of the hypotheses of the evolutionary theory of urban systems and partially revising them. We also suggest research directions towards the coupling of these models into a multi-scale model of urban growth.
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Pandolfini, Valeria. "Work-life balance in a capability perspective: an Italian case study of ‘flexible couples’." Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 18, no. 1 (2012): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1024258911431050.
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This article discusses the practical basis of judgements about social justice, focusing on the quality of work-life balance in contemporary labour markets. After describing the main European and Italian work-life reconciliation policies, the article presents the results of qualitative research on young adult ‘flexible’ couples in Italy. Taking Amartya Sen’s ‘capability approach’ as the starting point, it analyses the ways in which external flexibility affects capabilities concerning the freedom to choose the balance between family, job and overall working life. The article concludes with some reflections on social justice in a resources-capabilities perspective, evaluating the effect of Italian work-life balance policies on the lives of flexible employees and providing some proposals for the effective enhancement of individual capabilities in this regard. L’article examine les fondements pratiques des jugements portés sur la justice sociale, en se focalisant sur la qualité de l’équilibre entre vie professionnelle et vie privée sur les marchés du travail contemporains. Après avoir décrit les principales politiques menées en Europe et en Italie pour concilier travail et vie privée, l’article présente les résultats d’une recherche qualitative concernant des couples de jeunes adultes « flexibles » en Italie. En prenant comme point de départ l’approche par les capacités proposée par Amartya Sen, il analyse la manière dont la flexibilité externe affecte ces capacités pour ce qui concerne la liberté de choisir un équilibre entre famille, travail et parcours professionnel. L’article conclut par certaines réflexions sur la justice sociale dans une perspective axée sur les ressources et les capacités, en évaluant l’impact des politiques italiennes d’équilibre travail-vie privée sur la vie des travailleurs flexibles, et en présentant des propositions d’amélioration effective des capacités individuelles à cet égard. Dieser Beitrag befasst sich mit der praktischen Grundlage zur Beurteilung sozialer Gerechtigkeit und insbesondere mit der Qualität des Verhältnisses zwischen Berufs- und Privatleben auf den Arbeitsmärkten von heute. Nach einer Beschreibung der wichtigsten europäischen und italienischen Maßnahmen zur Förderung der Vereinbarkeit von Arbeits- und Privatleben werden die Ergebnisse einer qualitativen Forschungsarbeit über junge “flexible” Erwachsenenpaare in Italien vorgestellt. Ausgehend vom Ansatz der Verwirklichungschancen im Sinne von Amartya Sen wird untersucht, wie sich externe Flexibilität auf die Verwirklichungsmöglichkeiten in Bezug auf Wahlfreiheit bei der Vereinbarung von Familienleben, Beruf und dem Arbeitsleben insgesamt auswirkt. Der Beitrag schließt mit Überlegungen zur sozialen Gerechtigkeit aus der Perspektive der Verknüpfung von Ressourcen und Verwirklichungschancen. Die Auswirkungen italienischer Maßnahmen für eine bessere Vereinbarkeit von Berufs- und Privatleben auf flexible Arbeitnehmer werden bewertet, und es werden Möglichkeiten vorgeschlagen, um die individuellen Verwirklichungschancen in diesem Bereich zu stärken.
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Chais, Cassiane, Alexandra Elvira Mazzochi Scopel, Claralucia Prates Machado, et al. "PRÁTICAS RELACIONAIS, MECANISMOS DE GOVERNANÇA E CONFIANÇA EM UMA REDE DE COOPERAÇÃO." Revista Visão: Gestão Organizacional 8, no. 2 (2019): 46–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.33362/visao.v8i2.2006.
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A concepção de redes abriu novas direções para as pesquisas que visam entender as diferenças de conduta e desempenho existentes entre as empresas. Assim, os novos tipos de arranjos organizacionais exigem formas de governança capazes de conciliar competição e cooperação, autonomia e interdependência para o desenvolvimento sinérgico das competências dos membros da rede. Agir coletivamente por meio das práticas relacionais, auxilia as empresas na redução dos custos em função da construção conjunta, tais como o compartilhamento de recursos físicos e desenvolvimento de mão-de-obra e Know-how. A pesquisa objetivou identificar a influência da prática relacional entre os associados e um fornecedor de uma rede de cooperação formada por restaurantes, sob a ótica da governança e confiança entre associados. O estudo abordou uma rede de cooperação composta por vinte empresas do setor de gastronomia da Serra Gaúcha. Adotou-se um método com abordagem qualitativa, objetivo exploratório e descritivo, como procedimento técnico utilizou-se o estudo de caso, e a técnica utilizada foi a análise de conteúdo. A obtenção dos dados se deu por meio da aplicação de um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturado, com três participantes da rede. Os principais resultados do estudo demonstraram que as práticas relacionais existentes configuram a geração de confiança e os mecanismos de governança geram segurança entre os associados e o fornecedor. A interligação dos aspectos citados colabora para a cooperação mútua e ganho na competitividade e no poder de barganha e negociação, gerando redução de custos nas transações.Palavras-Chave: Práticas Relacionais. Redes de Cooperação. Confiança. Governança. PRACTICAL RELATIONAL, GOVERNANCE MECHANISMS AND CONFIDENCE IN A COOPERATION NETWORKAbstract: The design of networks opened new directions for research aimed at understanding the differences in behavior and performance existing between the companies. Thus, new types of organizational arrangements require forms of governance able to reconcile competition and cooperation, autonomy and interdependence for synergic development of skills of the network members. Act collectively through relational practices, helps companies reduce the cost function in the joint construction, such as the sharing of physical resources and development of skilled labor and know-how. From the research aimed to identify the influence of relational practice between the partners and a supplier of a cooperation network formed by restaurants from the perspective of governance and trust among associates. The study addressed a cooperation network consisting of twenty companies from the gastronomic sector saw. For the construction of the study, we adopted the method with a qualitative approach with exploratory and descriptive purpose, the technical procedure use was the case study, and the technique used was content analysis. Data collection was through participant observation, application of an interview script with three participants investigated network. The main results of the study showed that the existing related practices constitute the generation of trust and governance mechanisms generate security among the members and the supplier. The interconnection between the aforementioned aspects contributes to mutual cooperation and gain competitiveness and bargaining power and negotiation, generating cost savings in transactions.Keywords: Relational Practices. Cooperation Networks. Trust. Governance.