Dissertations / Theses: 'Concrete asphalt'

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Gudmarsson, Anders. "Resonance Testing of Asphalt Concrete." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Väg- och banteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-155906.

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This thesis present novel non-destructive laboratory test methods to characterize asphalt concrete. The testing is based on frequency response measurements of specimens where resonance frequencies play a key role to derive material properties such as the complex modulus and complex Poisson’s ratio. These material properties are directly related to pavement quality and used in thickness design of pavements. Since conventional cyclic loading is expensive, time consuming and complicated to perform, there has been a growing interest to apply resonance and ultrasonic testing to estimate the material properties of asphalt concrete. Most of these applications have been based on analytical approximations which are limited to characterizing the complex modulus at one frequency per temperature. This is a significant limitation due to the strong frequency dependency of asphalt concrete. In this thesis, numerical methods are applied to develop a methodology based on modal testing of laboratory samples to characterize material properties over a wide frequency and temperature range (i.e. a master curve). The resonance frequency measurements are performed by exciting the specimens using an impact hammer and through a non-contact approach using a speaker. An accelerometer is used to measure the resulting vibration of the specimen. The material properties can be derived from these measurements since resonance frequencies of a solid are a function of the stiffness, mass, dimensions and boundary conditions. The methodology based on modal testing to characterize the material properties has been developed through the work presented in paper I and II, compared to conventional cyclic loading in paper III and IV and used to observe deviations from isotropic linear viscoelastic behavior in paper V. In paper VI, detailed measurements of resonance frequencies have been performed to study the possibility to detect damage and potential healing of asphalt concrete. The resonance testing are performed at low strain levels (~10^-7) which gives a direct link to surface wave testing of pavements in the field. This enables non-destructive quality control of pavements, since the field measurements are performed at approximately the same frequency range and strain level.

QC 20141117

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Meneguini, Eduardo Cesar Antonelli. "Avaliação de concreto asfáltico com incorporação de pó de borracha reciclada de pneus, tratada superficialmente com hidróxido de sódio comercial." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/258506.

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Orientador: Vladimir Antonio Paulon
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T19:32:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Meneguini_EduardoCesarAntonelli_D.pdf: 4162044 bytes, checksum: 987787614d2ef9437a3937a43815bde9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011
Resumo: O principal objetivo deste trabalho é a determinação das principais propriedades do asfalto borracha e das propriedades mecânicas de um concreto asfáltico, tendo, como adição, o uso de borracha moída de pneus usados, tratada com solução de hidróxido de sódio comercial. Obtivemos, com o tratamento superficial da borracha de pneus usados, melhor interface entre a borracha e asfalto, assim como com o concreto asfáltico e a borracha, alcançando sensível aumento da durabilidade do asfalto-borracha. Realizamos, primeiramente, ensaios para caracterizar o asfalto-borracha tratado de acordo com as Normas vigentes, ensaios de durabilidade e, em seguida, ensaios mecânicos do concreto asfáltico. A recuperação elástica do asfalto-borracha utilizando pó de borracha tratada com hidróxido de sódio aumentou em 10% quando comparados com asfalto-borracha sem tratamento. Os resultados demonstraram melhora da estabilidade à estocagem em 42% nos ensaios realizados. Os ensaios de envelhecimento demonstraram que o tratamento do pó de borracha com hidróxido de sódio aumentou sensivelmente sua durabilidade. O ensaio de variação de massa, após o ensaio de envelhecimento, demonstrou que a perda de massa dos corpos de prova utilizando pó de borracha tratada com hidróxido de sódio foi 111% melhor quando comparados com os corpos de prova utilizando pó de borracha sem tratamento. Concluímos que há grande aplicabilidade deste asfalto-borracha na construção civil
Abstract: The main objective of this study is to determine the main properties of the asphalt-rubber and the mechanical properties of an asphalt concrete, with the addition of ground rubber from second-hand tires, treated with a sodium hydroxide commercial solution. We obtained, with the superficial treatment of rubber from second-hand tires, a better interface between the rubber and the asphalt, as well as with the asphalt concrete and the rubber, achieving significant increase in the durability of the asphalt-rubber. We undertake tests to characterize the treated asphalt-rubber according to current standards, durability tests, and then mechanical tests of the asphalt concrete. The elastic recovery of the rubber asphalt with rubber powder treated with sodium hydroxide increased by 10% compared to the untreated rubber asphalt. The results showed an improved stability to storage in 42% in the tests. The aging tests showed that the treatment of the rubber powder with sodium hydroxide significantly increased their durability. The mass change test after the aging test showed that the mass loss of the specimens with rubber powder treated with sodium hydroxide was 111% better when compared to the specimens with rubber powder without treatment. We conclude that there is great use of this rubber asphalt in the construction industry
Doutorado
Saneamento e Ambiente
Doutor em Engenharia Civil

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3

Gudmarsson, Anders. "Laboratory Seismic Testing of Asphalt Concrete." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Väg- och banteknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-104236.

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Nondestructive laboratory seismic testing to characterize the complex modulus and Poisson’s ratio of asphalt concrete is presented in this thesis. These material properties are directly related to pavement quality and the dynamic Young’s modulus is used in thickness design of pavements. Existing standard laboratory methods to measure the complex modulus are expensive, time consuming, not truly nondestructive and cannot be directly linked to nondestructive field measurements. This link is important to enable future quality control and quality assurance of pavements based on the dynamic modulus.Therefore, there is a need for a more detailed and accurate laboratory test method that is faster, more economic and can increase the understanding and knowledge of the behavior of asphalt concrete. Furthermore, it should be able to be linked to nondestructive field measurements for improved quality control and quality assurance of pavements. Seismic testing can be performed by using ultrasonic measurements, where the speed of sound propagating through a material with known dimensions is measured. Seismic testing can also be used to measure the resonance frequencies of an object. Due to any excitation, a solid resonates when the frequency of the applied force matches the natural frequencies of the object. In this thesis, resonance frequency measurements have been performed at several different temperatures by applying a load impulse to a specimen while measuring its dynamic response. The measured resonance frequencies and the measured frequency response functions have been used to evaluate the complex modulus and Poisson’s ratio of asphalt concrete specimens. Master curves describing the complex modulus as a function of temperature and loading frequency have been determined through these measurements.The proposed seismic method includes measurements that are significantly faster, easier to perform, less expensive and more repeatable than the conventional test methods. However, the material properties are characterized at a higher frequency range compared to the standard laboratory methods, and for lower strain levels (~10-7) compared to the strain levels caused by the traffic in the pavement materials. Importantly, the laboratory seismic test method can be linked together with nondestructive field measurements of pavements due to that the material is subjected to approximately the same loading frequency and strain level in both the field and laboratory measurements. This allows for a future nondestructive quality control and quality assurance of new and old pavement constructions.

QC 20121120

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Ganesan, Viswanathan Anu. "Investigation of moisture sensitivity of hot mix asphalt concrete." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2005. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4307.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2005.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 78 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 69-71).

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Hypes, Matthew. "An evaluation of the effects of various design parameters on the air voids of asphalt concrete specimens." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2008. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5558.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2008.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 58 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 40).

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Kanneganti, Vasavi. "Comparison of 19mm Superpave and Marshall base II mixes in West Virginia." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2002. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2433.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2002.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 70 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 43-45).

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Reyes, Carlos H. "Evaluation of the effect of fines on asphalt concrete." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2003. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2953.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2003.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 98 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 62-63).

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Diazgranados, Delaskar David. "Evaluation of 4.75 mm Superpave mix criteria for West Virginia." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2003. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=3122.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2003.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xiv, 146 p. : ill. (some col.), maps. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 107-109).

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Rafferty, Sean P. "Evaluation of the compacted aggregate resistance test." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2004. https://etd.wvu.edu/etd/controller.jsp?moduleName=documentdata&jsp%5FetdId=3327.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2004.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 57 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 40-42).

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Srinivasan, Geetha. "Evaluation of indirect tensile strength to identify asphalt concrete rutting potential." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2004. https://etd.wvu.edu/etd/controller.jsp?moduleName=documentdata&jsp%5FetdId=3477.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2004.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 65 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 52-53).

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Patino, Gabriel E. "Evaluation of Superpave mixtures in West Virginia using the asphalt pavement analyzer." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2005. https://etd.wvu.edu/etd/controller.jsp?moduleName=documentdata&jsp%5FetdId=3853.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2005.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 121 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 93-99).

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Nelson, Jason W. "Comparison of 9.5 Superpave and Marshall Wearing I mixes in West Virginia." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2005. https://etd.wvu.edu/etd/controller.jsp?moduleName=documentdata&jsp%5FetdId=3879.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2005.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 82 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 62-63).

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13

Giompalo, Joseph A. "Permeability of hot mix asphalt concrete as affected by binder content." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10450/10896.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2010.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 55 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 54-55).

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Montazeri, Sara. "Assessing repeatability of four-point bending method for estimating fatigue cracking of hot mix asphalt." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2009. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.

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Loria-Salazar, Luis Guillermo. "Reflective cracking of flexible pavements literature review, analysis models,and testing methods /." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2008. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1453593.

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Panneerselvam, Dinesh. "Mechanics of Asphalt Concrete: Analytical and Computational Studies." online version, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=case1106341613.

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17

Zelelew, Habtamu Melese. "Simulation of the permanent deformation of asphalt concrete mixtures using discrete element method (DEM)." Online access for everyone, 2008. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Spring2008/h_zelelew_031908.pdf.

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18

In, Chi-Won. "Defect characterization in heterogeneous civil materials using ultrasound." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/47545.

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Asphalt and Portland cement concrete constitutes a significant portion of the total infrastructure all over the world. It has been reported that much of this concrete infrastructure is now approaching or has already passed its original design life. Thus it is critical to be able to quantitatively assess the condition of these concrete components. In order to rehabilitate or repair the civil infrastructure, nondestructive evaluation (NDE) techniques have been of great interest for infrastructure management agencies. However concrete components present several specific NDE challenges that must be addressed. . Concrete naturally exhibits large scale heterogeneous microstructure with a great deal of local material property variability, For this reasons, many conventional NDE techniques that work well for steel and other homogeneous materials cannot be applied to concrete; concrete is unable to transmit high frequencies, as the heterogeneity of the concrete causes signals of smaller wavelengths or wavelengths equal to the nominal aggregate size to be scattered and severely attenuated. Nevertheless, progress has been made towards accurate and reliable in-place NDE of concrete structures and materials, for example impact echo, ultrasonic pulse velocity method, and the ultrasonic wave transmission method. However, the detection of smaller sized defects or remote defects that are located away from the testing location still pose problems. In addition, the large size and potential limited access conditions of civil structures raise additional challenges. To overcome the limitations of current NDE techniques for concrete, this research considers two different types of ultrasonic waves (coherent and incoherent wave) to quantitatively characterize and monitor defects in heterogeneous concrete materials. The global objective of this research is to determine the feasibility and applicability of using these ultrasonic waves as a global, rapid, reliable, and non-biased technique for the routine screening of defects or monitoring of concrete structures and materials. Three different problems are considered: 1) characterization of segregation in asphaltic concrete, 2) crack depth determination in pier cap of concrete bridge structure, and 3) monitoring of self-healing process in cement-based concrete.

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19

Tashman, Laith. "Microstructural viscoplastic continuum model for asphalt concrete." Diss., Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/313.

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This dissertation presents the development of an anisotropic viscoplastic continuum damage model to describe the permanent deformation of asphalt pavements. The model is developed to account for several phenomena that influence the permanent deformation of Asphalt Concrete (AC) at high temperatures. These phenomena include strain rate dependency, confining pressure dependency, dilation, aggregate friction, anisotropy, and damage. The model is based on Perzyna's theory of viscoplasticity with Drucker-Prager yield function modified to account for the microstructure anisotropy and damage. A parametric study was conducted to study the effect of key factors such as inherent anisotropy and damage on the model response. A preliminary investigation was conducted to demonstrate the capabilities of the model and its sensitivity to changes in the microstructure distribution and loading conditions. The model was used to describe laboratory experimental measurements obtained from the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Accelerated Loading Facility (ALF). The model had a good match with these experimental measurements. In particular, using the damage parameter, the model was able to capture the point at which AC experienced tertiary creep in a static creep test. A comprehensive experiment was conducted to systematically determine the model parameters and the evolution laws that describe AC hardening, anisotropy, and damage. The experiment consisted of a set of compressive triaxial strength tests conducted at three confining pressures and five strain rates. Based on these experimental measurements, the model was modified to include a nonassociated flow rule. The model was shown to capture the experimental measurements very well. Furthermore, an experiment was conducted to capture and characterize damage evolution in AC due to permanent deformation. AC specimens were loaded using a triaxial compression setup to four predefined strain levels at three confining pressures. X-Ray computed tomography and image analysis techniques were used to capture and characterize the evolution of cracks and air voids in the deformed specimens. Damage was found to be a localized phenomenon in the sense that there exists a critical section in an AC specimen that is mainly responsible for failure. The results of the damage experiment supported the damage evolution function proposed in the viscoplastic model.

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Garba, Rabbira. "Permanent deformation properties of asphalt concrete mixtures." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering Science and Technology, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-967.

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Rutting is recognized to be the major distress mechanism in flexible pavements as a result of increase in tire pressures and axle loads. Rutting is caused by the accumulation of permanent deformation in all or some of the layers in the pavement structure. The accumulation of permanent deformation in the asphalt surfacing layer is now recognized to be the major component of rutting in flexible pavements. This is a consequence of increased tire pressures and axle loads, which subjects the asphalt surfacing layer nearest to the tire-pavement contact area to increased stresses. Thus the study of permanent deformation properties of asphalt mixtures has become the focus of research, which aim to mitigate or reduce rutting in flexible pavements. The research work reported in this thesis aims to contribute towards understanding of the material properties and factors affecting permanent deformation in asphalt mixtures, mechanisms of the permanent deformation, and methods of its prediction.

The specific objectives of this research work include; review and evaluation of available models for permanent deformation of asphalt concrete mixtures, investigation of the effect of volumetric composition, loading and temperature conditions on the permanent deformation of asphalt concrete, and the identification and definition of simple measures of resistance to permanent deformation. To meet the objectives of the study a laboratory investigation is conducted on several asphalt concrete specimens with varying volumetric composition. Two testing procedures are adopted; the repeated load triaxial and triaxial creep and recovery tests. The tests were conducted at two temperature levels of 25 and 50oC under varying stress conditions. A review of literature on factors affecting permanent deformation and available models for prediction of the permanent deformation is also conducted.

The literature review indicated that most of the research work done so far concentrated on evaluation of the effect on permanent deformation response of component material properties such as aggregate gradation, aggregate angularity and binder type (or grade). Most of the studies conducted on permanent deformation properties of asphalt mixtures were also found to be based on different testing procedures and methods of evaluation, which makes it difficult to compare them and draw firm conclusions. The literature also indicated that, as yet, there is no comprehensive model for deformation of asphalt concrete.

Results of tests conducted in this study are analysed to investigate the effect of volumetric composition, particularly binder content and void content, and loading conditions on the permanent deformation response of the mixture. Both the binder content and void content are found to significantly influence the permanent deformation characteristics. The effect of loading conditions, i.e., the confining stress and the deviatoric stress, is also found to be significant.

Throughout this study emphasis is placed on methods and parameters that are used to evaluate mixtures for their resistance to permanent deformation.The traditionally used parameters such as the slope and intercept of the power model are evaluated for their sensitivities to changes in volumetric composition. This evaluation is based on the premises that any measure of resistance to permanent deformation should be sensitive to changes in volumetric composition to be good enough. It is found that most of these parameters are not sensitive to changes in volumetric composition and therefore are not suitable for comparison of mixtures made from the same materials but with varying proportion of the components.

Permanent deformation in asphalt concrete is caused by both densification and shear deformation. The mode of deformation in asphalt concrete pavements, for greater part of their service life, is considered to be the shear deformation. Therefore it is necessary to evaluate mixtures for their susceptibility to shear deformation. The shear deformation manifests itself in the form of large lateral deformation relative to axial deformation. It is found that one dimensional analysis, which does not take the lateral deformation into account may lead to misleading results regarding the resistance to permanent deformation of mixtures. Therefore parameters which include volumetric and lateral strain are proposed for use in evaluation of mixtures.

Substantial effort is put into modelling the accumulation of permanent deformation under repeated loading. For this purpose two approaches were selected: the cyclic hardening model based on bounding surface plasticity concept and an elasto-viscoplastic model based on strain decomposition approach. The bounding surface plasticity approach is found to be a convenient method to model the accumulation of permanent deformation. It is demonstrated that deformations calculated using cyclic hardening model based on bounding surface plasticity fits the measured deformation quite well. The elasto-viscoplastic model, which is based on strain decomposition approach, provides a suitable method for analysis of creep and recovery test results. Deformations calculated using this model also fit the measured deformation quite well.

Finally a new composite measure of resistance to permanent deformation is developed. The resistance index is based on strain decomposition approach and is simple to calculate. The index incorporates a parameter related to shear susceptibility of mixtures and is sensitive to changes in volumetric composition. It is believed that this index can be used to compare and select mixtures at mixture design stage. If its applicability to other materials is proved by further research, it can also be linked to performance related specifications, as a simple measure of performance with regard to rutting.

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Penny, Julie Elizabeth. "An evaluation of heated reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) material and wax modified asphalt for use in recycled hot mix asphalt (HMA)." Worcester, Mass. : Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 2007. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-010807-113145/.

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22

Perng, Jia-Der. "Analysis of crack propagation in asphalt concrete using a cohesive crack model." Connect to this title online, 1989. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1094737677.

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23

Padula, Martin. "Automation of the Superpave mix design process for the West Virginia Division of Highways." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2002. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2678.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2002.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 145 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 63-65).

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Nallamothu, Sri Harsha. "Evaluation of binder grades on rutting performance." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2003. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=3011.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2003.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 69 p. : ill. (some col.), col. maps. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 55-58).

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Gul, Waqar Ahmed Waqar. "Effect Of Recycled Cement Concrete Content On Rutting Behavior Of Asphalt Concrete." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12609765/index.pdf.

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Disposed waste materials remained from demolished buildings have been an environmental problem especially for developing countries. Recycled Cement Concrete (RCC) is one of the abundant components of waste materials that include quality aggregates. Use of RCC in asphalt concrete pavements is economically a feasible option as it not only helps in recycling waste materials but also preserves natural resources by fulfilling the demand for quality aggregate in pavement constructions. However, due to variability in RCC characteristics, a detailed evaluation of its effect on asphalt concrete performance is required. In this study, effect of RCC content on rutting potential of asphalt concrete is investigated using laboratory prepared specimens. Rutting susceptibility of the specimens is determined using repeated creep tests performed in the uniaxial stress mode. Because of the aspect ratio requirements for the repeated creep test, the standard Marshall mix design procedures were modified based on the energy concept by changing the compactor device and the applied design number of blows. The modified specimens were tested to determine a number of parameters that can describe the rutting behavior of the tested mixes. The findings indicate that slope constant and flow number give relatively stronger relationships with rutting behavior as compared to the other rutting parameters. While increasing the RCC content yields improved rutting performance for coarse graded specimens, it dramatically reduces the performance for fine graded specimens.

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Shah, Brij D. "Evaluation of moisture damage within asphalt concrete mixes." Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969/209.

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Vaccari, Elisa. "Meso mechanical analysis of asphalt concrete mixture response." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/3299/.

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28

Gouru, Harinath. "Laboratory evaluation of asphalt-portland cement concrete composite." Thesis, This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-12232009-020518/.

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Nguyen, Tom P. "MITIGATING MOISTURE SUSCEPTIBILITY IN HOT-MIX ASPHALT CONCRETE." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2011. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/467.

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Moisture damage in asphalt pavement has always been a problem for drivers, bicyclists, and pedestrians. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate moisture susceptibility of Hot-Mix Asphalt (HMA) and to investigate mitigation techniques using different antistripping agents. Three types of antistripping agents were used in this research investigation. Two of which are chemical based and the other is hydrated lime. The two types of liquid antistripping agents used in this study include Arr Maz CC LOF-6500 and Arr Maz CC XL-9000. These two liquid antistripping agents were tested at 0.25%, 0.50%, and 0.75%. Hydrated Lime was tested at 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0%. The binder used in this study is Asphalt Performance Grade (PG) 64-16 provided by Oxnard Refinery. The crushed stone aggregate used in this study was provided by Cal Portland. This study follows the guidelines of standardized AASHTO, ASTM, and SuperPave mix design for all preparation and test procedures. A total of 120 4-inch by 2.83-inch core specimens with void ratios between 6 to 8 percent were created to test for moisture susceptibility in accordance with the Modified Lottman Test, which tested for Indirect Tensile Strength and Immersion Compression Test, which tested for Compression Strength and Elasticity. During the test, half of these specimens were placed in a hot water bath for 24 hours to condition the sample to represent field performance and the other half were unconditioned. Based on the results, the best liquid antistripping agent is XL-9000 at 0.50% and hydrated lime is most efficient at a dosage rate of 1.5%. The best performing antistripping additive for the value is hydrated lime at 1.5%.

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Hanson, Jon Russell. "Cracking and roughness of asphalt pavements constructed using cement-treated base materials /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2006. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1233.pdf.

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Mason, Craig. "An evaluation of the Bailey method to predict voids in the mineral aggregate." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2006. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4899.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2006.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 75 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 61-62).

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Adams, Thomas W. "Evaluation of quality control parameters for Superpave hot mix asphalt." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2005. https://etd.wvu.edu/etd/controller.jsp?moduleName=documentdata&jsp%5FetdId=3838.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2005
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 61 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 51).

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Gaber, Ahmed Yaseen 1962. "Pore-water pressure debonding of asphaltic concrete." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277077.

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The report presents an evaluation of a modification to an asphalt-debonding test procedure when used with a water debonding apparatus developed at the University of Arizona, the Pore-Water Pressure Debonding Device. The method being modified is that outlined by Jimenez in his report "Testing for Debonding of Asphalt from Aggregates". A regular test specimen, 4 inches in diameter by 2½ inches high, is water-saturated at 122°F and subjected to repeated pore-water pressure varying from 5 to 30 psi. The above factors are kept constant and the following ones are varied: air void content, stress frequency, stress repetition, stress duration and testing temperature. Test results of the modified testing procedure demonstrated the following trend: the higher the value of any of the aforementioned test variables, i.e., the void content, stress frequency, stress repetition, or stress duration, or any combination of these variables, the greater the loss of the mix resistance to stripping.

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34

Akkinepally, Radha. "Quality control and quality assurance of hot mix asphalt construction in Delaware." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file 2.68Mb, 136p, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/1428173.

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35

Luo, Jheng-He, and 羅正和. "Development of Sustainable Asphalt Concrete." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/51192835351642496279.

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碩士
中臺科技大學
安全與防災科技研究所
99
The study focuses on developing new pavement materials- "Sustainability of conventional asphalt concrete", the bonding material system for the combination are cement and asphalt, mix in cement asphalt mastic, the mastic was added to industrial by-products (fly ash and slag) and environmentally-friendly nature, without heating, temperature can be construction. The rigidly of consolidation of the mixture was between the asphalt concrete and concrete. The pavement may be improved engineering properties and extend the service life, therefore meet with the concept of sustainability. This study added pozzolan materials (fly ash, slag) to reduce the amount of cement. Due to pozzolan materials and cement hydrates in the role of calcium hydroxide and water produced pozzolan reaction, and thus enhance the mechanical properties of concrete and durability. The results showed that: the asphalt concrete added fly ash and slag. It’s superior mechanical properties of asphalt concrete without added. Durable of each set of data were in line with standard retention index of 75% strength requirements, added pozzolan material displayed on the cement asphalt mastic in the cement asphalt concrete engineering properties and behavior of help.

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36

Yan-FengSU and 蘇彥丰. "Effect of Trinidad Lake Asphalt on Dense Grade Asphalt Concrete." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/42262429968080321430.

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碩士
國立成功大學
土木工程學系
103
Summary Trinidad Lake Asphalt(TLA) is a natural asphalt with high stiffness and viscosity. It was initially found in the 16th century and started to be used for road construction and bridge-deck works since 19th century. In Taiwan, TLA is applied in Guss Asphalt. Dense grade asphalt concrete, which is most widely used pavement in Taiwan. TLA was mixed with AC10 and used in the dense grade asphalt concrete in this research. Marshall specimens were made to evaluate the influence of TLA. The results show that TLA can increase engineering properties of dense grade asphalt concrete. However, in terms of water resistance, the residual strength can meet the requirement after soaking 24 hours. But compared with other mechanics tests, adding TLA is just slightly rise, not significantly. From the above tests, it shows that adding TLA has positive effect on the experiment results and it can be a material to use in dense grade asphalt concrete.

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37

Jih-ZanWang and 王志仁. "Performance Evaluation of Porous Asphalt Concrete and Stone Mastic Asphalt." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/gary9b.

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38

Siang-JenJheng and 鄭翔仁. "Effect of Trinidad Lake Asphalt (TLA) on Porous Asphalt Concrete." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/37640848822478966048.

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碩士
國立成功大學
土木工程學系碩博士班
101
Trinidad Lake Asphalt(TLA), which is originated from Trinidad island, is a natural asphalt with high stiffness and viscosity. It was initially found in the 16th century and started to be used for road construction and bridge-deck works since 19th century. In Taiwan, TLA is applied in Guss Asphalt. Porous asphalt concrete, which has the function of rapidly drain, is the road form for adapting the rainy climate in Taiwan, which is located in the monsoon climate zone. The research is applied TLA to porous asphalt concrete by using Pen60/70 asphalt and collocate different TLA ratio to blend into mix asphalt. And then make Marshall specimens to evaluate the influence of TLA. The results show that under the Marshall stability test, Marshall flowing test, resilient modulus test, rutting test, and indirect tension test, the strength of specimens significantly rise with the increasing of TLA proportion, and this reveals that TLA can increase engineering properties. However, in abrasion test, performance has inverse tendency with the quantity of TLA ; but the loss won’t surpass 20%. In terms of water resistance, residual strength can meet the requirement after soaking 24 hours, but adding TLA is less notable, only slightly rise compared with mechanics test. From the abovementioned test, it is found that adding TLA has positive effect on the experiment results and it can be applied in porous asphalt concrete.

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39

Chin, Rung Chiou, and 邱欽融. "Lean Management of Asphalt Concrete Industry." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/33572804312030585826.

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博士
國立中央大學
土木工程學系在職專班
102
The asphalt pavement industry is a foundation of traditional construction industry, also an industry that most close to the populace.Lean management is a brand new theory, from a concept to the actual practice. It becomes an effective management model during continual corrections and improvements. Under the theory of Lean management, this research includes the comprehensive factors, such as the construction bidding strategy, the Lean management method, the optimization of ingredient dispatching, and risk management of production and construction. This research collects all of the affects above to build data base on going through analyzing asphalt mixing facility with the condition of construction side. This research investigates the problems that often happen in asphalt mixing facility and construction side, manages the risks from production and construction under the Lean Management. Therefore, it develops the solving problem methods and minimizes the damage. This research combines GPS signals with the shipping trucks in order to obtain better distribution to customers. This research is based on airport project and build the practice on the Lean Management, collects all the data from such as survey and expert interviews. It focus on analyzing all situations to create an affective managing process and lower management cost.

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40

Hu, Ching-Yu, and 胡謦宇. "Tensile Characterization of Rubberized Asphalt Concrete." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/36tn3h.

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碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
營建工程系
107
The application of waste tire rubber powder is an issue of concern for paving material researchers. There is involved in resource recycling and engineering performance. Currently, the specification of asphalt rubber binder is also limited to basic physical properties. There is not a complete prediction model for the mechanical properties of asphalt binders and neither the specifications for asphalt concrete in service. In this study, crumb rubber powder was used as asphalt modifier, and physical property test and toughness test were carried out on the asphalt-rubber binders. The empirical test results showed that the performance of penetration, softening point, viscosity, elastic recovery, and temperature-susceptibility were improved by rubberized modification. However, aging of asphalt binder may result in loss of durability of the pavements. The pavement deterioration such as fatigue cracking and permanent deformation should not be negligible and important material properties in paving design. In this study, rubberized asphalt concrete was subjected to three different types of conditions: unaging, short-term aging and long-term aging. The temperature and loading rate of the test were varied to investigate the physical and mechanical tests of the material. In addition, the dense-grade asphalt concrete was used as a control mix. The results show that the asphalt binder properties are related to the mixture. The results of indirect tension values show that rubberized asphalt concrete has lower temperature sensitivity than conventional asphalt concrete, and it also shows a stable trend after aging. The failure strain is higher for rubberized asphalt concrete than conventional concrete, indicating that the ruberized asphalt has better ductility. Additionally, the failure strain energy is the area of the load-deformation curve before the maximum failure point, and the value of the rubberized asphalt concrete decreases, resulting in a trend related to the indirect tension value. The toughness property is higher for rubberized asphalt concrete than conventional asphalt concrete. Therefore, rubberized asphalt concrete has sufficient toughness to resist cracking damage due to the rubber particles presenting in the binder at intermediate temperatures. It is beneficial to long-term pavement performance.

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41

Yun-CiYang and 楊允祺. "Engineering Properties of Porous Asphalt Concrete." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/32866029899390804274.

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碩士
國立成功大學
土木工程學系碩博士班
98
Porous asphalt concrete is an alternative to traditional hot mix asphalt and is produced by eliminating the fine aggregate from the asphaltmix. Rain that falls on the friction course drains through the porous layer to the original impervious road surface at which point the water drains along the boundary between the pavement types until the runoff emerges at the edge of the pavement. Porous asphalt concrete overlays are used to improve drivability in wet weather conditions and to reduce noise from highway traffic. The void space in porous asphalt concrete overlay layer generally is 15-25%. Taiwan special climatic environment, enables porous asphalt concrete to have the opportunity to be at the moist condition for a long time. This research uses the same porous asphalt concrete mix design result, coordinates three kind of different asphalt to make the mixture: AR-8000 asphalt, high viscosity asphalt and modified III asphalt. And soaks mixtures in water on 60℃ several days: 0, 1, 3 and 7 days. Mixtures after the immersion condition function carries on the project experiment: The indirect tensile test, the static creep test, the dynamic creep test, the track test, and the resilient modulus test, to appraise the different immersion condition function to influence of the porous asphalt concrete mixture. This ratio of parameters affected by moisture conditioning to the control state is referred to moisture damage ratio. Demonstrated according to the result that without immersion condition, three kind of mixture's indirect tensile are close. After immersing 1 day-long condition function, the indirect tensile of AR-8000 asphalt mixture drop is 0.8 time, the indirect tensile of modified III asphalt mixture drop is 0.86 time, the indirect tensile of high viscosity asphalt mixture drop is 0.89 time. And immerses 3, 7 day-long condition functions to present the same tendency, the high viscosity asphalt mixture has the higher moisture damage ratio, and the AR-8000 asphalt mixture has the lower moisture damage ratio. Other test result all presents the same tendency. Synthesizes each result, the high viscosity asphalt mixture and modified III asphalt mixture are highly resistant to moisture damage, and AR-8000 asphalt is lowly. In addition antistrip additive was effective to decrease the moisture damage in AR-8000 asphalt mixture.

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42

Liane, Shye-Sheng, and 梁協勝. "Large Size Aggregate In Asphalt Concrete To Evaluate Properties Asphalt Mixture." Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/81912436433082492920.

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43

Sie, Jie-Long, and 謝傑龍. "The Study of Warm Mix Asphalt Used in Pervious Asphalt Concrete." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/32847869490590498003.

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碩士
國立中央大學
土木工程學系
101
This objective of the study was to assess the Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) by adding two different agents, Sasobit® and Advera®, to design and evaluate the Pervious Asphalt Concrete (PAC). The research scope was to design and mix PACs while it was added with 2.0%, 2.5% and 3.0% of Sasobit® and 5.0%, 6.0%, and 7.0% of Advera® by weight of total asphalt. The PAC specimens designed in the light or intermediate traffic loading were subject to the performance tests to evaluate the feasibility of using WMA agents in PAC. The laboratory results show that there was a 10℃ and 5℃of reduction in mixing temperature, while adding 2.5% of Sasobit® and 5.0% of Advera® by weight of total asphalt, respectively. The analysis of binder rheology show that the rutting resistance can be improved by adding these two agents, while both performance results of Marshall stability and flow fit the design code. Moreover, the aging and moisture susceptibility analysis present a fairly compatible result with traditional PAC mixtures. However, the cost-effective analysis indicates that each tonnage will cost NTD 147.64 and NTD 45.14 more, while adding Sasobit® and Advera®, respectively, than that mixed only with AC-20. It is concluded that it is feasible to mix PAC with these two WMA agents with a satisfaction outcome of evaluated performance tests.

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44

Chang, Yung-Chih, and 張詠智. "Assessing Active Asphalt Content and Rutting Potential of Reclaimed Asphalt Concrete." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/vfxq8b.

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碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
營建工程系
106
To help address the built environmental issues of asphalt recycling and pavement sustainability, strategies that make asphalt pavements recyclable and renewable have been investigated through laboratory measurements. In this study, the effects of asphalt rheology and reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) content on the engineering properties and permanent deformation of the recycled asphalt concrete (RAC) were investigated. In addition, a new method was developed to obtain the active asphalt binder content within the aged asphalt based on the TRL (Transportation Research Laboratory) best practice guide for recycling. The frequency sweeps testing using a dynamic shear rheometer was also conducted on the recycled asphalt binders to evaluate the rutting potential of the RAC. Test results showed that the RAC incorporating 40% RAP possessed the higher active asphalt binder content in terms of the Marshall stability. For the rutting performance of the RAC, air void content as well as the aggregate gradation played important roles on the densification and creep stages. The rheological behavior of the asphalt binder considerably affected the tertiary stage during the testing. It was also found that the aggregate gradation tended to be finer when the RAP content was added up to 70%, leading to the worst rutting performance of the RACs. In addition, the photogrammetry technique could be employed to measure the deformation depth and clearly interpret the distress modes of the RAC specimens during the wheel track testing.

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45

LAI, YI-ZHEN, and 賴宜貞. "Feasible Assessment of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Applied to Permeable Asphalt Concrete." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/a7dgec.

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碩士
國立高雄科技大學
土木工程系
107
In this study, two kinds of different asphalt cements (AC-20, modified type III) were mixed with the water-permeable asphalt concrete pavement designed by the original medium-weight traffic volume, and the natural pellets in the original ratio were replaced. %, 30%, 40%, 50% Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP), designed by Marshall, and passed the experimental results of stability value, fluidity, retention strength, water permeability and burger wheel related effectiveness analysis. The research results show that the application of RAP in permeable asphalt concrete pavement can indeed achieve the effect of resource recycling, and the amount of addition must be paid attention to. The results of the retention strength test of the modified type III showed that when the RAP substitution amount was 30%, the retention strength result was 90.12% when the percentage of the control group was 0%, and the retention strength was 30% when the RAP substitution amount was 30%. It is 90.59%. When the RAP substitution amount reached 50%, the retention strength was 93.73%, which was about 3.61% higher than that of the control group. The reason was estimated that the asphalt content of the ratio was 5.24%, and the asphalt of the control group. The content is 0.27% higher, so its ability to invade water will have better results than other substitutions and control groups. The water permeability of the modified type III was better than that of the AC-20, and the result of the modified type III RAP substitution of 20% was the best, followed by 50%, 30%, and 40%. The best RAP substitution for the AC-20 water permeability test was 50%, followed by 20%, 40% and 30%. As the amount of RAP substitution increases, the burger wheel test value will increase, indicating that its ability to resist rutting and underwater damage is superior. The physical properties of different asphalt cements will also have an impact on the amount of RAP added. It is recommended that in addition to the relative requirements for the addition amount, the relevant standard values or asphalt cement should be established and used as the basis for future implementation.

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46

Guan, Kun-Fu, and 管崑甫. "Performance Evaluation of Recycled Asphalt Concrete by using Different Grade Asphalt." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/45915886147147406943.

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碩士
高苑科技大學
土木工程研究所
102
Asphalt concrete materials with the use of recyclable characteristics, after stringent quality control can be re-paving on the road, not only can effectively increase the performance of each performance, and more in line with environmental requirements. In this study, the use of regeneration agent and add different viscosity of the fresh asphalt AC-20, AC-10 and AC-5, recycled asphalt concrete is formulated to target viscosity 5000 Poise for 40% and 60% the proportion of reclaimed asphalt pavement(RAP). Those are based optimum asphalt content of dense graded asphalt concrete to execute stable value test, indirect tensile test, retention strength test, immersion stripping test, resilient modulus test, and static creep test. The test results show that the performance of a comprehensive assessment for its mechanical properties of asphalt concrete adding a renewable 40% and 60% RAP is the best of AC-20, AC-10 for the second, and the poor of AC-5.

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47

CHIEN-HUAWU and 吳健華. "Aging Effect of Trinidad Lake Asphalt (TLA) on Porous Asphalt Concrete." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/97674983318825680698.

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碩士
國立成功大學
土木工程學系
102
Porous Asphalt Concrete (PAC) can exclude water rapidly. In recent years, PAC is used for adapting the rainy climate in Taiwan. However, higher air void may accelerate the effect of aging and destruct the pavement. Trinidad Lake Asphalt (TLA), which is originated from Trinidad Island, is natural asphalt with high stiffness and viscosity. In this research, TLA was used in porous asphalt concrete. Mixing TLA into PEN60/70 and then made Marshall specimens to conduct tests. Finally, evaluate the influence of TLA and the effects of aging. The results show that TLA can increase the strength of specimens. However, adding TLA can increase the abrasion of the specimens. For aging test, mixtures with TLA have less influence on the long-term aging than on the short-term aging. According to Retained Penetration and Aging Index tests, specimens have less aging effect. Based on the research results, it is found that use of TLA can improve strength and life of the pavement.

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48

Hung, Guo-Neng, and 洪國能. "Performance Evaluation on Porous Asphalt Concrete between Asphalt Rubber Modifier and AR-80 Asphalt Cement." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/34337701436802422999.

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49

Al-Joaib, Ali Abdulla. "Evaluation of water damage on asphalt concrete mixtures using the environmental conditioning system." Thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/35390.

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Asphalt concrete pavement is subjected to several damaging actions from traffic loads, water (from precipitation and/or groundwater sources), and temperature. The durability of the asphalt-aggregate mixture, its ability to withstand these damaging actions for long periods, is a very important engineering property. While the durability of the asphalt-aggregates mixture depends on several factors such as the mixture's properties, construction methods, traffic loads and environmental conditions, they have to be evaluated to predict their field performance. Based on mixture evaluations, the mixtures that fail the test would have to be modified by additives or by changing the materials. The first objective of this thesis was to evaluate asphalt-aggregate mixtures for water damage using the Environmental Conditioning System (ECS), and rank the asphalt and aggregate types based on water sensitivity. The second objective was to relate the ECS ranking of the asphalt and aggregate types to Oregon State University (OSU) and University of Nottingham, UK (SWK/UN) wheel tracking test results, and to Net Adsorption Test (NAT) results. The third objective was to evaluate open-graded mixtures and rubber modified mixtures for water sensitivity using the ECS. The ECS test results indicate that performance ranking of mixtures by asphalt type or aggregate type alone cannot be made for the ECS test results due to the significant interaction between asphalt and aggregate. Water sensitivity in the ECS is significant for combinations of asphalt and aggregate. The ECS test results have shown that ECS performance ranking after one cycle is not statistically significant and does not correlate with ranking after three cycles. The results show that the ECS test program has similar aggregate rankings to those of the NAT and SWK/UN test program, while good agreement exists between SWK/UN wheel tracking results and the NAT test program results. However, poor agreement exists between the OSU wheel tracking results and those of the other two tests. Poor or very little agreement exists among the wheel tracking test results, ECS, and NAT test results in terms of asphalt type rankings. When considering the comparisons of materials ranking by different test procedures, one must keep in mind that the mechanisms leading to varying "performance" are not the same. The testing reported herein was aimed at measuring water sensitivity, but all the tests do not do so directly. The NAT procedure addresses only the potential for stripping (adhesion) and is not capable of evaluating cohesion loss. The other tests (ECS, OSU and SWK/UN wheel tracking) included all the mechanisms simultaneously, and these provided a gross effect without clearly separating the cause of failure in each case. Open-graded mixtures used by Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT) performed well in the ECS in terms of water sensitivity. In the ECS evaluation, six mixtures passed the criteria of 75 % established for Indirect Retained Strength (IRS) test by ODOT, and one mixture was marginal. However, only one mixture passed the IRS evaluation, and another mixture was marginal. This confirms that the IRS test is a very severe test and is not suitable for water sensitivity evaluation of open-graded mixtures. Finally, the IRS test evaluation would suggest that these mixtures would fail prematurely after construction, but all of these mixtures have been used in projects which have been in service for more than three years with no visible signs of distress, or failures.
Graduation date: 1994

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50

Chen, Huei-Hsiang, and 程惠祥. "The influence of non-preheated reclaimed asphalt pavement on recycled asphalt concrete." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/15434319115509919671.

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碩士
國立成功大學
土木工程學系碩博士班
95
With　the　development　of　recycled　asphalt　concrete　pavement,　the　current　trend　is　towards　recycled　engineering　methods.　Theimproper　preheated　temperature　may　cause　a　worse　pavementperformance　and　lower　service　life.　In　order　to　avoid　this　kind　ofsituation,　some　factories　use　original　aggregate　with　hightemperature　to　heat　the　non-preheated　reclaimed　asphaltpavement　(RAP)　to　reach　the　proper　mixing　temperature.　It　couldreduce　the　waste　of　resources　and　solve　the　aging　question　ofreclaimed　asphalt　pavement.　　　This　paper　use　the　reclaimed　asphalt　pavement　to　be　themain　materials.　Use　0%、10%、20%　and　30%　RAP　content　ofmixture　to　investigate　the　influences.　First,　use　infraredthermography　in　different　mixing　time　and　water　content　ofmixture,　to　analyze　the　uniformity　of　mixture　temperature　degreeand　distribution.　Second,　asks　for　the　basic　mechanical　tests,such　as　air　voids,　stability　value　and　the　indirect　tension　strength.This　research　investigates　the　influence　of　different　mixing　time.　　　Test　results　indicate　that　the　increase　of　RAP　content　will　reduce　the　uniformity　of　preheated　recycled　asphalt　concrete.　It　isunable　to　reach　a　proper　uniformity　of　test　samples　in　a　shortmixing　time.　From　the　results　of　mechanical　tests,　Marshallstability　value　have　better　behavior　in　10%　of　RAP　content.　Theinfluence　of　mixing　time　on　stability　value　is　unapparent.　When　the　RAP　content　is　too　high　or　mixing　time　is　insufficient,　the　abilitythat　RAC　opposes　water　is　obviously　reduced.　Finally,　this　paperhas　an　highest　optimum　content　of　non-preheated　RAP　that　isfound　to　be　20%　in　the　recycled　asphalt　concrete.

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