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Journal articles on the topic 'Concrete box'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 February 2022

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1

Partners Architects, BCHO. "Casa Concrete Box." EN BLANCO. Revista de Arquitectura 11, no. 27 (October 30, 2019): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/eb.2019.12609.

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<span>Esta casa busca ofrecer un retiro de la agitada vida de Seúl. Asentada en una colina tranquila y con vistas a los serenos campos de arroz de <em>Yangpyeoung</em>, <em>Concrete Box House</em> es un edificio que pretende ser primitivo y acotado; protegido y másico por fuera, con aberturas mínimas, y suave y acogedor por dentro.</span>

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2

Shushkewich, Kenneth W. "Strengthening Concrete Box Girder Bridges." Journal of Structural Engineering 116, no. 6 (June 1990): 1734–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(1990)116:6(1734).

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3

Nakano, S., and H. Kabeya. "Light Concrete Box-Unit System." Batiment International, Building Research and Practice 13, no. 1 (January 1985): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09613218508551241.

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4

Yao, Guo Wen, Liang Zhou, Zhi Xiang Zhou, and Shi Ya Li. "Study on Pressure-Bending Stress Transfer in the Joint of the Steel-Concrete Composite Arch Bridge." Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (May 2011): 2053–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.2053.

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Effective combination and carry-loading together between steel and concrete play important roles for the steel-concrete composite structure. The steel-concrete composite joint decides the constructing safety and life-cycle performance as the key member for the steel-concrete composite arch bridge. The stress distribution in the steel-concrete composite joint was studied by model test under pressure-bending load. And the stress transfer was probed in the steel box, composite joint and reinforced concrete box. The result shows that the steel and reinforced concrete boxes are under elastic compression in the steel-concrete composite joint. The bearing plate can effectively reduce the stress in concrete and steel boxes. This plate and stiffener can smoothly transfer and scatter the stress from steel box to concrete box. The failure mode is concrete cracking near the interface between steel box and concrete box under large eccentric compression.

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5

Long, Yue Ling, and Jian Cai. "Ductility of Concrete-Filled Steel Box Columns with Binding Bars Subjected to Axial Compression." Advanced Materials Research 255-260 (May 2011): 2584–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.255-260.2584.

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Ductility of concrete-filled steel box columns with binding bars and those without binding bars were discussed based on the experimental study. Two current methods were used to assess the ductility of concrete-filled steel box columns with binding bars and those without binding bars. Results show that binding bars can increase ductility of concrete-filled steel box columns. Ductility of concrete-filled steel box columns with binding bars at closer spacing is considerably better than that of concrete-filled steel box columns without binding bars.

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6

Song, Chaojie, Gang Zhang, Wei Hou, and Shuanhai He. "Performance of prestressed concrete box bridge girders under hydrocarbon fire exposure." Advances in Structural Engineering 23, no. 8 (January 3, 2020): 1521–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433219898102.

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This article presents an approach for investigating performance of prestressed concrete box bridge girders under hydrocarbon fire exposure. A three-dimensional nonlinear finite element model, developed in computer program ANSYS, is utilized to analyze the response of prestressed concrete box bridge girders under combined effects of fire exposure duration and simultaneous structural loading. The model validation is performed using a scaled prestressed concrete box girder exposed to ISO834 fire in furnace. Subsequently, the validated model is used to investigate fire performance of prestressed concrete box bridge girders through taking into consideration some variables, namely concrete cover thickness to prestressing strands, prestress degree, load level, fire exposure length, and position. Through a case study, results from numerical analysis show that concrete cover thickness to prestressing strands and load level has significant effect on fire resistance of prestressed concrete box bridge girders. Increasing prestress degree in prestressing strands can speed up the progression of deflection (sudden collapse) in prestressed concrete box bridge girder toward the final fire exposure stage. Reducing fire exposure length or preventing fire exposure on mid-span zone can highly enhance the fire resistance of simply supported prestressed concrete box bridge girders. Failure of prestressed concrete box bridge girder, under hydrocarbon fire exposure conditions, is governed by rate of deflection failure criterion in particular cases.

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7

Sun, Wei Gang, Lai Jun Liu, Qun Hu Wu, and Jian Ping Feng. "Experimental Research on Hydration Heat Temperature of Concrete Box Girder in Low-Temperature Environment." Applied Mechanics and Materials 470 (December 2013): 1045–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.470.1045.

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The temperature stress is one of the main reasons for early age cracking of concrete under low temperatures,it has the actual value of reference for the design and construction of concrete structures to study the regularities of hydration heat temperature of concrete box girder in low-temperature environment. Therefore, through the test of concrete box girder hydration heat temperature, this paper analyses the temp-time curves of temperature of the concrete box-bridge cross section. The results can be used for concrete temperature control and/or cracking control of box girder in similar environmental area.

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8

Li, Pan Wu, and Zhen Xing Xue. "Prefabricated Box Girder Crack's Reason Analysis and Preventative Measures." Advanced Materials Research 255-260 (May 2011): 3543–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.255-260.3543.

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With its good spanning capacity and whole structural stress performance, the prestressed concrete box girder is widely used in modern large-span bridge structures. But, if the construction of box girder prefabricated control is inappropriate, cracks will appear easily, thereby the structure stability and durability will be greatly influenced. Through analysis of concrete box girder constituent materials, pouring temperature, construction process, and according to correlative concrete anti-cracking theories and analysis, there comes the prestressed concrete box girder crack preventative measures and repairing technic.

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9

Ma, Zhongguo (John), Maher K. Tadros, and Chuanbing Sun. "Prestressed Concrete Box Girders Made from Precast Concrete Unsymmetrical Sections." PCI Journal 49, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 80–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15554/pcij.01012004.80.90.

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10

Wu, Ming-Chang, Chien-Chung Chen, and Cheng-Cheng Chen. "Size effect on axial behavior of concrete-filled box columns." Advances in Structural Engineering 21, no. 13 (March 30, 2018): 2068–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433218766366.

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The use of concrete-filled box columns could provide an economical alternative to building and bridge construction. Past experimental results showed that current building codes provided an adequate accuracy in determining axial capacity of such composite members. However, the sizes of the previously studied test specimens were mostly smaller than those for practical applications. As the column size increases, the size effect may become significant. Therefore, the applicability of extrapolating those test results to larger concrete-filled box columns needs to be justified. This study was devoted to investigating the potential size effect on axial behavior of concrete-filled box columns. Six short square concrete-filled box columns, with cross-sectional dimensions ranging from 300 to 750 mm, were tested under axial loading. Comparisons between experimental and analytical results were presented. It was observed that the size effect was prominent for the concrete-filled box columns studied herein. The results of this study showed that current design codes overestimated the axial capacity of the test columns with a dimension of 750 mm. In addition, finite element simulations of the axially loaded specimens were conducted to investigate the stress–strain behaviors of the concrete enclosed in different sizes of steel box columns. Results from the finite element analysis suggested that the larger steel box columns were less effective in enhancing the compressive strength of the enclosed concrete than smaller steel box columns.

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11

Zhao, Li Cai. "Automatic Maintenance and Temperature Measurement System Prestressed Concrete Box Girder in the Use of Crack Control." Applied Mechanics and Materials 443 (October 2013): 303–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.443.303.

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In the Xiamen-Shenzhen Railway 32 m-span prestressed concrete box girder construction process, concrete box girder cracks always confused engineering and technical personnel, is a common and more difficult to solve quality problems, for box girder concrete surface cracks issues were discussed, and put forward a repair program to be applied in construction practice.

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12

Jiang, Rui Juan, Yu Feng Xiao, Xiao Wei Yi, Qi Ming Wu, and Wei Ming Gai. "Study on the Shear Lag Effect of the PC Box Girder Bridge with Corrugated Steel Webs under Concentrated Loads." Applied Mechanics and Materials 644-650 (September 2014): 5054–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.5054.

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There are few studies about the shear lag effect and the effective flange width of the PC (Prestressed Concrete) box girder bridge with corrugated steel webs throughout the world in current time. In the present paper, based on the three-dimensional finite element analysis for a long-span continuous PC box girder bridge with corrugated steel webs and the corresponding conventional box girder bridge with concrete webs, a comparative study on the shear lag effect under vertical loads are carryied out together with the analyslis on the coefficient of the effective flange width. The results show that in the PC box girder with corrugated steel webs, the transverse distributions of longitudinal normal stress on the section of the slabs are obviousely non-uniform and they are different with those in the conventional PC box girder with concrete webs. And moreover, the shear lag effects in top slab of the PC box girder with corrugated steel webs are almost less obvious than those of the conventional PC box girder with concrete webs. However, the shear lag effects in bottom slab of the PC box girder with corrugated steel webs are almost similar to those of the conventional PC box girder with concrete webs, no matter what kind of vertical bending moment the cross section is subjected to

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13

Lei, Xiao, Yue Yao, Shi Cao, and Zhi Gang Guo. "Research in Destruction of Concrete Bridge Expanded Joint Influenced by Temperature Difference." Applied Mechanics and Materials 744-746 (March 2015): 803–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.744-746.803.

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Destruction of bridge expanded joint is a serious problem for concrete bridge. Based on 5 years measured data, the temperature in the different positions of the concrete box girder was systemically analyzed to illuminate the cause of the bridge expanded joint damage. A method for predicting the extremum value of the temperature difference of concrete girder was proposed by use of the extrema analysis and curve fitting based on the temperature in the different positions of the concrete box girder. The relationship is quite useful in estimating the destruction of bridge expanded joint by effective temperature difference in concrete box-girder.

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14

Li, Shu Jin, Xiao Yu Xu, Wen Jie Lu, and Yi Gang Fu. "Non Shrinkage Self-Compacting Steel Box Concrete Application in a Landscape Tower." Advanced Materials Research 919-921 (April 2014): 164–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.919-921.164.

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According to the design and construction characteristics of steel box concrete girder of a large landscape tower, C40 grade non shrinkage self-compacting concrete meeting engineering requirements was produced. The fresh concrete workability, early age shrinkage are researched, construction technology and detection methods are discussed combined with the practical engineering of steel box concrete girder.

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15

Madhavi, T. Ch, M. Sekar, and V. Paramasivam. "Performance estimation of prestressed concrete box girders." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Engineering and Computational Mechanics 163, no. 1 (March 2010): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/eacm.2010.163.1.23.

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16

Yepes, Victor, E. Perez-Lopez, J. Alcala, and T. García-Segura. "Parametric study of concrete box-girder footbridges." Journal of Construction Engineering, Management & Innovation 1, no. 2 (2018): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31462/jcemi.2018.01067074.

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17

Lark, R. J., R. W. Howells, and B. I. G. Barr. "Behaviour of post-tensioned concrete box girders." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Bridge Engineering 157, no. 2 (June 2004): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/bren.2004.157.2.71.

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18

Moravcik, Martin, and Lukas Krkoska. "Thermal Effects on Box Girder Concrete Bridges." Key Engineering Materials 738 (June 2017): 273–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.738.273.

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Thermal load, especially vertical temperature gradient, is an important factor that should be considered during the bridge design procedure. In the world, several researches focusing on temperature gradient was made, mostly in USA and China, but only a few analyzed actual temperature gradients measuring at European bridges. In this paper, short overview of temperature loading of bridge structures is described. Then, the temperature measurement of prestressed concrete box girder bridge built by launching method is analyzed. Recorded temperature gradient has been compared with temperature gradients for the concrete box girder cross section recommended by Eurocode design specifications.

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19

Shushkewich, Kenneth W. "Approximate Analysis of Concrete Box Girder Bridges." Journal of Structural Engineering 114, no. 7 (July 1988): 1644–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(1988)114:7(1644).

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20

Uy, Brian. "High Strength Steel-Concrete Composite Box Columns." IABSE Symposium Report 88, no. 3 (January 1, 2004): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/222137804796302473.

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21

Wang, Jian, and Zhi Fang. "Temperature variation of concrete box girder bridge." Frontiers of Architecture and Civil Engineering in China 3, no. 4 (September 30, 2009): 407–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11709-009-0053-y.

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22

Tang, Fang-Fu. "Overlay for Concrete Segmental Box-Girder Bridges." Journal of Bridge Engineering 5, no. 4 (November 2000): 311–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1084-0702(2000)5:4(311).

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23

Mo, Y. L., and Yu-Lin Fan. "Torsional Design of Hybrid Concrete Box Girders." Journal of Bridge Engineering 11, no. 3 (May 2006): 329–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1084-0702(2006)11:3(329).

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24

Gaspar, Ricardo, and Fernando Rebouças Stucchi. "Web design of box girders concrete bridges." Engineering Structures 57 (December 2013): 267–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2013.09.012.

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25

Jiang, Rui Juan, Wei Ming Gai, Xue Feng He, and Yi Yan Chen. "Comparative Study on Seismic Performance of Prestressed Concrete Box-Girder Bridges with Corrugated Steel Webs." Applied Mechanics and Materials 178-181 (May 2012): 2418–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.178-181.2418.

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Prestressed concrete (PC) box-girders with corrugated steel webs are one of the promising steel concrete composite structures applied to highway bridges. Although the basic structural characteristics including bending, shearing and torsion, etc., have been paid much attention, few researches on the seismic performance of this type of bridges are found, especially when the span of this type of bridges becomes larger and larger. In this paper, the seismic performance of one long-span PC box-girder bridge with corrugated steel webs is studied and compared with a conventional box-girder bridge with concrete webs, based on response spectrum analysis using ANSYS. The results show that, the vertical and transverse displacements of the box-girder with corrugated steel webs are slightly less than those of the box-girder with concrete webs, but the longitudinal displacement reverses, under the same earthquake excitation. The bending moments of representative sections of the box-girder bridge with corrugated steel webs are only about 70% ~ 90% of those of the corresponding conventional PC girder bridge. The results indicate that the box-girder bridge will have better seismic performance if the corrugated steel webs are adopted instead of the concrete webs, but it could also fulfill the tasks such as displacement control which resulted from stiffness reduction.

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26

Zhou, Chun Li, and Qian Zhang. "Study on Bend Performence of Binding Bars Prestressed Steel Box Concrete Beam." Applied Mechanics and Materials 351-352 (August 2013): 990–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.351-352.990.

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Put forward binding bars prestressed concrete filled steel box girder and analyses it’s advantage, Study on the bending moment by the fiber model method to analyze the beam-Curvature and load-Relation curves of deflection theory.Through the finite element software analysis of prestressed concrete steel box beam prestressed concrete filled steel tubes and four ways to set binding bars the ultimate bearing capacity of the beam,Analysis of the influence of the thickness of the steel plate and rod diameter, constraint, constraint rod axial spacing on various beam flexural capacity.The results show that,Binding bar has more advantages for prestressed concrete steel box using a thin plate bending ability improvement,Diameter, spacing of the binding bars binding bars as long as not bending capacity of prestressed concrete with binding bars of steel box beam structure under the condition of impact.

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27

Pei, Weichang, Daiyu Wang, Xuan Wang, and Zhenyu Wang. "Axial monotonic and cyclic compressive behavior of square GFRP tube–confined steel-reinforced concrete composite columns." Advances in Structural Engineering 24, no. 1 (July 20, 2020): 25–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433220934557.

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Fiber-reinforced polymer tube–confined steel fiber–reinforced concrete column is a novel composite column proposed recently, which consists of a traditional steel-reinforced concrete column and an external glass fiber–reinforced plastic tube for lateral confinement. In order to investigate the axial compression behavior of steel fiber–reinforced concrete columns, a total of 16 square specimens were fabricated and tested under axial monotonic and cyclic compressive loading. Three different configurations of inner shaped steels, including cross-shaped, box-shaped with wielding, and box-shaped without wielding were considered. Two thicknesses of glass fiber–reinforced concrete tubes were also considered as the main experimental parameters. On the basis of test results, a thorough analysis of the failure process based on strain analysis was discussed. The test results showed that steel fiber–reinforced concrete columns exhibited higher ductility and load capacity compared with fiber-reinforced plastic–confined plain concrete columns. Two quantitative indexes were proposed to measure the confinement of steel fiber–reinforced concretes. The axial cyclic mechanical behaviors were discussed through comparative analysis with monotonic behaviors. The remnant strains and modulus of the cyclic behaviors were also discussed.

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28

Lim, Pei San Alice, Wen Yi Choo, Chuan Fang Ong, and See Hung Lau. "Stress Evaluation for Segmental Concrete Box Girder Diaphragm." E3S Web of Conferences 65 (2018): 08001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186508001.

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The box girder component is a major breakthrough in the construction field for its effective geometry behavior and high torsional rigidity. However, the analysis and design of the box girder are complex due to its three dimensional behavior i.e. torsion, distortion and bending in longitudinal and transverse direction. In this paper, the use of finite element model in evaluating the stresses behavior for segmental box girder diaphragm under static loading is demonstrated. The analysis is carried out for both permanent and variable actions based on Eurocode. Parametric study is carried out to evaluate the effects of different parameters on the stress behavior for box girder. This study contributes to a better insight of the stress behavior for box girder such that, under service, the stresses developed will not contribute to significance structural cracks that will affect the serviceability of the structure.

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29

Shan, Cheng Lin, and Ling Yan. "Creep Stress Analysis of PC Composed Box Girder Bridge with Corrugated Steel Webs." Advanced Materials Research 163-167 (December 2010): 1987–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.163-167.1987.

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According to the forced load-bearing characteristics of the prestressed concrete girder bridge with corrugated steel webs, the cross-section internal forces and stress redistribution of box-girder were studied under the influence of concrete creep. And the internal force redistribution formula on concrete creep was derived through the establishment of the compatibility equation of bending deformation; the stress redistribution formulas of the top slab and the bottom slab of box-girder at any time were also derived, through the establishment of the compatibility equation of the axial displacement and angular deformation of the top slab and the bottom slab of box-girder under the influence of concrete creep at any time. These show that the creep stress is only related to the box height and it’s the geometric properties of top slab and bottom slab concrete section, but not to the steel web’s size.

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30

Lu, Pengzhen, Changyu Shao, and Renda Zhao. "LINEAR ANALYSIS AND SIMULATION OF INTERFACIAL SLIP BEHAVIOUR FOR COMPOSITE BOX GIRDERS." Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics 44, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 79–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jtam-2014-0005.

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Abstract The slip at the steel-concrete interface in steel-concrete composite beams was studied analytically and numerically. A theoretical description for steel-concrete composite box beams with partial shear interaction based on the partial interaction theory was derived, and equilibrium of the rotation angle w′ was introduced to allow convenient computation of deformation of composite box beams. Numerical simulations of steel-concrete composite box beams subjected to concentrated load and/or uniformly distributed load were conducted. The analytical solutions show excellent agreement with the numerical results. For typical composite box beams used in practice, shear slip in partial composite box beams makes a significant contribution to beam deformation. Even for full composite box beams, slip effects may result in stiffness reduction. However, slip effects are ignored in many design specifications which use transformed section methods; an exception is the American Institute of Steel Construction [1] specifications, which recommend a calculation procedure in the commentary. Finally, the proposed method was extended to analyze the interface slip for shear connectors of different pitch and, to some extent, confirm the accuracy of the predictions.

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31

Zhu, Ming Qiao, Hai Qiang Huo, and Shao Hui Wu. "Numerical Analysis of Shear Lag Effect for Concrete Huge Section Box Grider." Applied Mechanics and Materials 130-134 (October 2011): 1630–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.130-134.1630.

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Through a lot of investigations and studies ,and refering to the current related technical specifications and relevant reference, and combining with the characteristics of the ordinary concrete box section component , single box double room concrete huge section box girder which can realize city bridges double traffic is devised creatively,considering of the need of structure and function. By choosing proper element type and material modle, the designed box grider is modeled by the nonlinear analysis software ANSYS. The shear lag effect of the concrete huge section box girder is studied by applying four load conditions including prestressed load, the upper and lower live load and double load. Parameter analysis are done, which include the load type and width-span ratio.And corresponding conclusions are drawn.

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32

Jiang, Li Zhong, Xin Kang, and Chang Qing Li. "Dynamics Analysis of Steel-Concrete Composite Box Beams." Applied Mechanics and Materials 528 (February 2014): 94–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.528.94.

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Steel-concrete composite box beams have been widely used in high rise buildings and long-span bridge structures. But so far, almost all researches have been aimed at the static behavior of the composite beams and dynamic behavior of steel and concrete composite beams have been rarely studied. In this paper, by using general finite element program ANSYS to analyze the dynamic performance of the composite box beam under different geometric parameters. Research is focused on the slip stiffness、width-to-thickness ratio、depth-span ratio and the height ratio of cross section to the vibration characteristics of composite box beam. The results indicate that these factors affect the seismic dynamic response of steel-concrete composite box beams most and they should be controlled according to different situations in seismic design stage.

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33

Zhang, Yan Ling, Wei Ge, and De Ying Zhang. "Experimental Research on Bending-Torsion Characteristics of Steel-Concrete Composite Box Beams." Advanced Materials Research 594-597 (November 2012): 785–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.594-597.785.

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Due to the axial curvature and the eccentric vehicle loads, bending-torsion couple effects will be generated in the curved steel-concrete composite box beam bridges. To study the bending-torsion couple characteristics, six steel-concrete composite box model beams are tested under the bending-torsion couple loads, with the initial torsion-bending ratios and shear connection degrees as the design parameters. The ultimate bearing capacity, section strain, and interfacial slip of the steel-concrete composite box beams are measured. The test results show that, the fully connected composite beams mainly express bending or bending-torsion failure modes, but the partially connected composite beams are mainly sliding failure modes. The existence of the torque doesn’t have great influence on the ultimate bearing capacity and bending moment of the composite box beams. Under the bending-torsion couple loads, there are not only the longitudinal slip between the steel girder and concrete slab of the composite box beam, but also the transverse slip perpendicular to the beam axis.

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34

Jia, Yan Min, Zhu Mei, and Dong Po He. "Study on Temperature Stresses in Concrete Box Girders Due to Heat of Concrete Hydration." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 1651–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.1651.

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The temperature distribution and strains due to heat of hydration of cement in a concrete box girder were measured on site during construction of the Harbin Songpu Bridge. The lateral and vertical temperature distributions and stresses in webs and slabs were analyzed. The study of the measured results shows that there are large temperature differences in the box-girder sections, and both the lateral and vertical temperature distributions and stresses are nonlinear. In some parts of the sections, the tensile stresses are even greater than the characteristic value of concrete tensile strength.

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35

Li, Xue Min, Er Yu Zhu, Yong Zheng Zhou, and Yue Hong Qin. "Experimental Study on the Maximum Allowable Hydration Temperature for 900t Box Girder of High-Speed Railway." Applied Mechanics and Materials 90-93 (September 2011): 964–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.90-93.964.

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Due to the usage of high-strength concrete, excessive hydration heat is generated in the whole span box girder of high-speed railway. The maximum allowable temperature should not exceed 60°C according to the Technical Guide on Railway Bridge Construction of Passenger Dedicated Line. However, according to the field measurement and simulation to the maximum temperature of box girder concrete, we find that the maximum hydration temperature of concrete is generally more than 60°C which is the limited value of the specification. The research results show that the limited value of maximum hydration temperature for box girder concrete can be relaxed to 65°C.

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36

Wang, Jun, Zi Qing Li, and Xian Wu Hao. "Optimization Design of Cross-Section of Prestressed Steel-Concrete Composite Box Girder." Advanced Materials Research 366 (October 2011): 207–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.366.207.

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According to the design specifications and structure theories of prestressed steel-concrete composite box girder, a mathematical model of optimization of cross-section of prestressed steel-concrete composite box girder was established. The nonlinear constrained optimization was adopted and the computer program was compiled with Matlab language. The efficiency optimization was achieved in the optimization design of the two different span bridge cross-section of a simply supported steel-concrete composite box girder. Numerical result illustrated that the optimization mathematical model of optimization was exact and the algorithm effective.

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37

Gupta, Mohit. "Self-Compacting Concrete Containing Plastic Bag Waste Fibers Partially Replace by Sand." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 8 (August 31, 2021): 2500–2505. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37767.

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Abstract: The production of self-compacting concrete SCC is a relatively new technology. Nowadays, the production of SCC is becoming more popular. However, the production of SCC requires more sensitive and efficient workmanship and equipment. This research presents the fresh and hardened properties of self-compacting concrete (SCC) containing plastic bag waste fibers (PBWF). Fibers were prepared by using waste plastic bags. Plastic bag waste fibers (PBWF) are used in varying percentages of fibers (0.5, 1, and 1.5%) replacement by weight of fine aggregate. L-box, U-box, and V-box tests were performed to assess the fresh properties of the prepared mixtures. The compressive strength of the concrete(M-30) was determined. Test results show that mixtures based on PBWF with 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% met the criteria of self-compactibility (evaluated by U -box, L-box, and V-box) regardless of the fibers content. This research consists of (i) the development of a suitable mix for SCC containing PBWF that would satisfy the requirements of the workability; (ii) casting of concrete samples and testing them for compressive strength for 7days, 14days, and 28days.

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Yu, Xian Lin, Jian Shu Ye, and Wen Qing Wu. "Spatial Stress Analysis of Long Span Prestressed Concrete Box Girder Bridges." Applied Mechanics and Materials 256-259 (December 2012): 1693–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.256-259.1693.

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A FEA program using 8 nodes and 40 freedoms degenerated solid shell element was developed to analyze the spatial stress of long span prestressed concrete box girder bridges during construction stage and finished stage. The maximum principal tensile stress positions on box girder section and shear lag coefficient were researched according to spatial stress results. It presented suggestions on prestressed concrete box girder bridges anti-crack design.

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Hu, Di, Lai Fa Wang, and Ji Ping Guo. "Calculation of Short-Term and Long-Term Behavior of Prestressed Concrete Box Girders Considering Effect of Shear Lag." Key Engineering Materials 400-402 (October 2008): 943–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.400-402.943.

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A set of formulae to calculate short-term behavior of simply supported prestressed concrete box girders under dead load and prestress are established based on energy method, in which shear lag and effect of prestressed steel and non-prestressed steel are taken into account. As the time-dependent relationship between stress and strain of concrete, equilibrium of sectional forces and compatibility equation are introduced, a novel approach to analyze long-term behavior of prestressed concrete box girders is presented, and the theoretical formulae considering the synthetic effect of creep and shrinkage of concrete, relaxation of prestressed steel, shear lag and restriction of steels are deduced, which can be used directly to calculate time-dependent deflection of box girder, stresses and strains of concrete and steel at any location at any time. Comparison of theoretical values shows that that the long-term deflection increases by shear lag while distribution of transverse concrete stresses become even by concrete creep and shrinkage.

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Zhu, Ming Qiao, Zhi Fang, Zhi Wu Yu, and Qi Zhi Wei. "Experimental Research and Analysis on the Flexible Behaviors of High-Strength Concrete Thin-Walled Box Girder." Key Engineering Materials 400-402 (October 2008): 295–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.400-402.295.

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A full test on the flexible behaviors of the long flanges and trapezoidal section high-strength concrete thin-walled box girder has been performed. The deflection horizontal distribution, strain and strain distribution of concrete and reinforced bars in the compressive flanges, strain distribution along rib height have been studied. The results demonstrate that reinforced concrete thin-walled box girder has fine flexible behavior and ductility, strain distribution along rib height agrees with the basic assume, i.e. Plane section before deforming remain plane, and the destructive experimental results disclosed the full process law of shear lag effect and equivalent calculated coefficient of compressed flange width at middle span section, which can be served as a reference for that applying elementary reinforced concrete beam theory settles the ultimate flexural capacity calculation of concrete thin-walled box girder.

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George, Norine, Kiran Umachagi, and Sunil Kumar Tengli. "Effect of Time Dependent Variables on Different Types of PSC Box Girder Bridges." SAMRIDDHI : A Journal of Physical Sciences, Engineering and Technology 11, no. 02 (December 25, 2019): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.18090/samriddhi.v11i02.6.

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Time dependent variables such as temperature gradient, effective temperature, creep, and shrinkage lead to long term deflection in prestressed concrete girders. This in turn effects the serviceability and sustainability of the bridge in the long run. Therefore, research and analysis is of paramount importance before deciding the type of girder to be used. A parametric study was carried out in order to determine the most desirable and efficient type of box girder to be used for a prestressed concrete bridge having a continuous span. Three prestressed concrete box girder bridge models of single, multi-cell rectangular and multi-cell trapezoidal cross section, having similar span, width and depth were taken into consideration. The finite element models were analysed using MIDAS Civil. The behaviour of the box girder cell types under various time dependent properties such as temperature, creep and shrinkage are presented in this paper. The results show that the prestressed concrete box girder bridge of multi-cell rectangular cross section exhibits greater forces and moments due to time dependent variables in comparison to the other two box girder cell types.

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Zhao, Pin, and Jian Shu Ye. "Research on the Installation Lengths of Zero Block Concrete Segment in Prestressed Concrete Box-Girder Beams with Corrugated Steel Webs." Advanced Materials Research 255-260 (May 2011): 1147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.255-260.1147.

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In order to study the reasonable installation lengths of zero block concrete segment in prestressed concrete box-girder beams with corrugated steel webs, a numerical analysis on the length of different zero blocks in PC box girder beams with corrugated steel webs is made by the finite element software ANSYS. The influence of the installation lengths of zero block concrete segment on the structure control section's internal forces and deformation is discussed. The results indicate: the impact of length changes of zero block on box girder deflection is greater than its impact on internal forces; in terms of deflection, the displacement influence in quarter-section in middle span is the largest; and in terms of internal forces, the internal forces influence of the junction section formed by zero block concrete segment and beam segment with corrugated steel webs is the largest. According to the above results and the relevant information of constructed bridges, the reasonable setting length of zero block concrete segment has been provided, that the ratio L0/L of installation lengths and span for zero block of box girder should be in the range of 0.05 to 0.10.

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Severson, Jean. "Sharing Teaching Ideas: The Real-Number Box." Mathematics Teacher 87, no. 7 (October 1994): 522. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mt.87.7.0522.

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The first lesson I taught in second-year algebra involved classifying real numbers. I wanted to take students from the concrete, to the pictorial, to the abstract. The pictorial and the abstract parts of the lesson seemed obvious. Diagram real numbers. Discuss and use classroom exercises. I wrestled with how to make the concepts concrete. My answer was the real-number box.

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Song, Taiyu, C. S. Walter Yang, David W. Scott, Yin Shen, and Guoping Li. "Novel Finite Element Analysis of Curved Concrete Box Girders Using Hybrid Box Elements." Journal of Structural Engineering 147, no. 1 (January 2021): 04020284. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)st.1943-541x.0002837.

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Li, Cheng Dong, and Hong Fa Yu. "Study on Recycle of Sawdust Sorel’s Cement Concrete Waste." Advanced Materials Research 113-116 (June 2010): 382–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.113-116.382.

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Magnesium oxychloride cement sawdust concrete box caused great harm to the environment. This article introduced the method to recycle the box. Magnesium oxychloride cement sawdust concrete was gradually heated, in the range of 0 ~ 800°C, and then the residue was calcined at 700 ° C. Studies showed that the 5•1•8 and sawdust in the box was decomposed into MgO in high temperature conditions. The X-ray diffraction examination results showed that the content of this MgO reached 90%. The application the MgO is very wide.

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Zheng, Dong, Zhen-dong Qian, De-xuan Liu, Xiang-fei Zhang, and Yang Liu. "Thermal Field Characteristics of Reinforced Concrete Box Girder during High-Temperature Asphalt Pavement Paving." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 41 (May 11, 2018): 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118768529.

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During high-temperature asphalt pavement paving, the bridge is subjected to significant temperature variations, and thereby the nonlinear thermal field distribution that occurs in the box girder might threaten the safety and serviceability of the bridge structures. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the thermal field characteristics of reinforced concrete box girder with steel fiber-reinforced concrete leveling layer during asphalt pavement paving. Firstly, a three-dimensional thermal field model of a reinforced concrete segmental box girder was developed and validated using the transient thermal field theory, and the dynamic paving process was simulated by the element deletion method. Secondly, the thermal field model was applied to analyze the vertical, transversal, and longitudinal temperature distribution during asphalt pavement paving. Thirdly, the effects of various sensitive factors on the thermal field of bridge components during asphalt pavement paving were evaluated. Finally, the extreme temperature load model was established through the statistical analysis method, in which the sensitive factors were introduced. Results demonstrate that the proposed numerical simulation method is feasible for thermal field characteristic analysis of reinforced concrete box girder during asphalt pavement paving. In addition, the research results can provide the theoretical foundation for temperature load selection and structural safety design of the concrete box girder during asphalt pavement paving.

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Zhou, Chong Yang, Jian Rong Yang, Xiao Dong Yang, and Zheng Chong Lai. "Steel-Concrete Composite Box Beam Linear Buckling Analysis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 620 (August 2014): 433–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.620.433.

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This article uses the finite element method for a particular steel - concrete composite box girder structures were linear buckling analysis and design optimization of web longitudinal stiffeners. By exploring the effects of longitudinal stiffeners geometry and bending stiffness of the composite box girder stability, drawn steel - concrete composite box girder factor of stability of this structure plays a key role. Meanwhile, the optimization of web stiffeners, stiffeners come to a reasonable arrangement for improving the overall stability of the structure, excellent performance play materials and construction economy plays an important role for the stability of the bridge structure similar to the design of future work provide a reference point.

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Yao, Xu Hui. "The Analysis of Temperature Field of Concrete Beam of Hydration Heat." Applied Mechanics and Materials 599-601 (August 2014): 179–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.599-601.179.

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This paper attempts to use the I-deas software to analysis the reinforced concrete box girder temperature field in early stage, focusing on the analysises under the action process of water thermal and reinforced concrete box girder variation law of temperature field under time histories.

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Zhong, Wei Chun, Xiao Yi Zhang, Hui Zhou, and Chuang Sheng Zheng. "Study on Early Cracking Resistance of PC Box Girder Bridge." Advanced Materials Research 163-167 (December 2010): 1786–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.163-167.1786.

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Early cracks of box girder are widespread during the construction stage of PC box girder bridges. The cracking resistance of a prestressed concrete continuous beam bridge was conducted from the point of construction technique. Experimental study on hydration heat and mechanical properties of box girder concrete at early age were carried out. The results shown that the casting temperature of the concrete, the peak temperature and the maximum temperature difference between inside and outside of the hydration heat were very low, which were 15.7°C, 8°C and 10.2°C, respectively. The strength development of the concrete was stable, and the mixture ratio was optimal. The concrete appearance quality was fairly good without visible cracks in the construction stage. The study reveals that the crack of girder bridges during the construction stage can be avoided by taking effective measures in the construction.

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Zaid, Abdullah, and David Collings. "Transverse assessment of a concrete box girder bridge." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Bridge Engineering 170, no. 1 (March 2017): 14–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/jbren.15.00018.

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