Academic literature on the topic 'Concrete canvas'
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Journal articles on the topic "Concrete canvas"
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Pasnur, Pallavi K., and Ansari Umair Ahmad. "Experimental Study on Concrete Canvas." Journal of Advances and Scholarly Researches in Allied Education 15, no. 2 (2018): 648–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.29070/15/56945.
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Abdrazakov, Fyarid Kinzhaevich, Andrei Alekseevich Rukavishnikov, and Emil Edikovich Safin. "Development of adaptive technologies for the operation of irrigation canals covered with a concrete canvas." Agrarian Scientific Journal, no. 11 (November 25, 2022): 4–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2022i11pp4-8.
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The relevance of the study is to expand and obtain new theoretical knowledge on the application of adaptive technologies of irrigation canals operation depending on the type of facing materials, namely geosynthetic materials. The object of the study is a concrete canvas. The analysis included methods of empirical and experimental-theoretical level. The work considered and compared such cladding materials as geomembrane, bentonite mats and concrete cladding as a traditional cladding material. The given theoretical provisions of the work allow for the possibility of applying small mechanized equipment when carrying out works on cleaning the canal beds covered with concrete canvas from sediments.
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Liu, Shuai, Xiaotao Ma, Yuntong Ma, Zijie Chen, Zhijia Dong, and Pibo Ma. "Review on the design and application of concrete canvas reinforced with spacer fabric." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 18 (January 2023): 155892502311525. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15589250231152591.
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Concrete canvas reinforced with spacer fabric has increasingly gained popularity due to its lightweight, great flexibility, high strength and low contamination compared to ordinary concrete. In order to fully explore the structure and performance of this novel composite, this review illustrates how to design high-performance concrete canvas and presents a summary of recent application status of it. Firstly, the structure and properties of knitted and woven spacer fabric and concrete material that comprise concrete canvas is introduced. Secondly, internal and external mechanisms affecting the properties of concrete canvas have been described. To illustrate how to evaluate and test the mechanical behavior of concrete canvas, typical mechanical experiments such as tensile and flexural experiment and failure mechanisms are explained. In terms of the characteristics of concrete canvas, the present article reviews current applications of it in disaster relief tent, slope protection, ditch lining and furniture design areas. Nevertheless, its practical applications are still in the preliminary stage, it is of great necessity to expand its application from the point of view of replacing traditional materials, changing structural design, external reinforcement and perfecting performance evaluation system.
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Abdrazakov, F. K., A. A. Rukavishnikov, A. V. Povarov, and Y. E. Trushin. "Intensification of melioration through decreasing maintenance load on irrigation canals." E3S Web of Conferences 140 (2019): 09009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201914009009.
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The article presents current problems of irrigation canals. We list research methods while specifying the methods and work processes used. We have schematically depicted and theoretically described the necessary operations for the construction, reconstruction and repair of irrigation canals. Additionally, we have substantiated the economic losses arising from using concrete facing materials, and proposed modern facing materials designed to solve the main issues of irrigation canals. The article demonstrates the results of work on laying concrete canvas and geosynthetic materials. We have described and clearly classified the proposed facing materials and systemically listed advantages and disadvantages of modern facing materials compared to standard concrete canvas. On the basis of the study, the technological intensification of melioration was presented by reducing the construction and maintenance load on irrigation canals. We have theoretically and visibly demonstrated the efficiency of proposed materials and mathematically proven the intensification of melioration by reducing the maintenance load on irrigation canals. The findings indicate that the use of the proposed materials should increase the performance of irrigation grids, as well as reduce the maintenance load on them.
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Zhukov, A. D., M. B. Caddo, I. I. Popov, and P. R. Sagar. "Composite Materials as the Basis of Concrete Canvas." Russian Journal of Building Construction and Architecture, no. 2(62) (May 15, 2024): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.36622/2542-0526.2024.62.2.005.
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Statement of the problem. Composite materials based on mineral components and organic and mineral systems are gradually expanding their presence in the domestic market of materials and building techno-logies. Concrete fabric, as one of the varieties of textile-concrete, can be considered as a composite material whose properties depend both on those of polymeric materials that form its enclosing surfaces and those of the core material, and on the nature of the interaction between the facing and core materials. The purpose of the research presented in the article is to evaluate the main strength characteristics of the concrete canvas, as well as to study the effect of the content of Portland cement, plasticizer and modifying additive on the properties of fine-grained concrete as the basis of the concrete canvas, as well as to evaluate the possible areas of application of the concrete canvas with the obtained properties. Results. In the process of processing the results of the experiment and analytical optimization of the response functions, the fundamentals of the methodology for selecting the composition of modified fine-grained concrete as the basis of the concrete canvas were developed. As a result of the tests, the following characteristics of the material were established: average density ––1450––1500 kg/m3; compressive strength –– not less than 36––38 MPa, puncture strength –– not less than 3 kN; ultimate strength in ben-ding 16––20 MPa. Conclusions. Despite the fact that the thickness of the concrete canvas in the hardened state does not exceed 10 mm, its properties are not inferior to those of other types of textile concrete, i.e., they have high strength characteristics with a relatively small thickness. The most promising areas of application of the concrete canvas are the repair and waterproofing of reinforced concrete structures of hydraulic structures, and the strengthening of slopes.
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Zhou, Lin, Guangya Ding, Jie Tan, Xiaoxia Zhao, and Jun Wang. "Seismic Response of Concrete-Canvas Reinforced Slopes: Influence of Tilt Degrees for Reinforcement." Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami 14, no. 03 (2020): 2050011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793431120500116.
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A series of shaking table tests were conducted on reinforced slopes to study the slope dynamic characteristics. The influence of concrete-canvas tilt degrees on the seismic response was studied. By considering the effects of different concrete-canvas tilt degrees, the seismic responses of the reinforced slopes were analyzed, along with the accelerations, crest settlements, and horizontal displacements. The failure patterns of different model slopes were compared using white coral sand marks placed at designated elevations to monitor the internal slide of the reinforced slopes. Several round markers were placed on the slope surface to compare the deformation before and after shaking with different amplitudes. The results indicated that with the increase in concrete-canvas tilt degrees, a better reinforcing effect was obtained, and 30° reinforcement reached a threshold level, the slide-out point shifts from the crest of the slope to the middle of the reinforced model. The bottom 2/7th zone of the slope was relatively stable during the earthquake and the reinforcement was ineffective at the bottom of the slope. When both considered the influence of reinforcing effect and construction difficulty, 20° is the suitable tilt degree in concrete-canvas reinforced slopes. The characteristics of increasing strength of the concrete canvas make it suitable for the application in slope protection.
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Abdrazakov, Fyarid Kinzhaevich, and Andrey Alekseevich Rukavishnikov. "Elimination of unproductive losses of water resources from the irrigation network through the use of modern facing materials." Agrarian Scientific Journal, no. 10 (October 23, 2019): 91–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2019i10pp91-94.
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The article presents the actual problems of irrigation canals. Unproductive losses of water from the irrigation network are justified. The classification of innovative facing materials for covering irrigation canals is presented. A comparative analysis of innovative materials on the basic parameters is carried out. A typical technological process of using a concrete canvas and geosynthetic materials for use on irrigation canals is considered.
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Eller, B., S. Szalai, M. Sysyn, D. Harrach, and J. Liu. "Advantages of using CONCRETE CANVAS materials in railway track construction." Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu, no. 1 (February 29, 2024): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/nvngu/2024-1/050.
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Purpose. Justification of the feasibility of using new types of drainage materials, such as Concrete Canvas (CC), under the upper structure of the railway permanent way. Methodology. The tasks were solved by a complex research method, including analysis and generalization of literary and patent sources, analytical, experimental studies, using computer and mathematical modeling methods. Tests were conducted with and without the CC layer in a multi-level shear box. After the shear test, the specimens were also tested for load-bearing capacity (E2, according to the Hungarian standard) and particle breakage. The contact surface between the bottom of the ballast and the CC was measured using a precision 3D laser scanner (GOM ATOS) and visualized graphically using AutoCAD software. Findings. Experimental testing of the vertical load during connection and analysis compared with the test results of geocomposite/geogrid structures, internal shear resistance, and other parameters proved the structure’s higher load-bearing capacity with the CC layer. Based on the results, the Concrete Canvas structure provides higher reinforcement than the average geogrid type. Originality. The advantages of using new Concrete Canvas materials in the structure of a railway track have been demonstrated for the first time to provide greater internal shear resistance than the average for geogrids. Practical value. These results may provide primary data for using Concrete Canvas in railway tracks and superstructures in the future.
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Жуков, А. Д., М. Б. Каддо, И. И. Попов, and С. П. Рави. "Composite Materials as the Basis of Concrete Paving." НАУЧНЫЙ ЖУРНАЛ СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВА И АРХИТЕКТУРЫ, no. 4(72) (December 22, 2023): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.36622/vstu.2023.72.4.006.
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Постановка задачи. Композитные материалы на основе минеральных компонентов и органоминеральных систем постепенно расширяют свое присутствие на отечественном рынке материалов и строительных технологий. Бетонное полотно как одна из разновидностей текстиль-бетона может рассматриваться в качестве композиционного материала, свойства которого зависят как от свойств полимерных материалов, формирующих его ограждающие поверхности, и свойств материала сердечника, так и от характера взаимодействия материалов обкладки и сердечника. Целью исследований, изложенных в статье, является оценка основных прочностных характеристик бетонного полотна, а также изучение влияния содержания портландцемента, пластификатора и модифицирующей добавки на свойства мелкозернистого бетона как основы бетонного полотна, а также оценка возможных областей применения бетонного полотна с полученными свойствами. Результаты. В процессе обработки результатов эксперимента и аналитической оптимизации функций отклика разработаны основы методологии подбора состава модифицированного мелкозернистого бетона как основы бетонного полотна. В результате проведения испытаний установлены следующие характеристики материала: средняя плотность — 1450…1500 кг/м3; прочность при сжатии не менее 36…38 МПа, прочность на прокол — не менее 3 кН; предел прочности при изгибе 16…20 МПа. Выводы. Несмотря на то, что толщина бетонного полотна в затвердевшем состоянии не превышает 10 мм, его свойства не уступают свойствам других видов текстиль-бетонов, то есть обладают высокими прочностными характеристиками при относительно малой толщине. Наиболее перспективными областями применения бетонного полотна являются ремонт и гидроизоляция железобетонных конструкций гидротехнических сооружений, а также укрепление склонов. Statement of the problem. Composite materials based on mineral components and organomineral systems are gradually expanding their presence in the domestic market of materials and building technologies. Concrete fabric, as one of the varieties of textile-concrete, can be considered as a composite material whose properties depend both on the properties of polymeric materials that form its enclosing surfaces and the properties of the core material, and on the nature of the interaction between the facing and core materials. The purpose of the research presented in the article is to evaluate the main strength characteristics of the concrete canvas, as well as to study the effect of the content of Portland cement, plasticizer and modifying additive on the properties of fine-grained concrete as the basis of the concrete canvas, as well as to evaluate the possible areas of application of the concrete canvas with the obtained properties. Results. In the process of processing the results of the experiment and analytical optimization of the response functions, the fundamentals of the methodology for selecting the composition of modified fine-grained concrete as the basis of the concrete canvas were developed. As a result of the tests, the following characteristics of the material were established: average density — 1450…1500 kg/m3; compressive strength not less than 36…38 MPa, puncture strength — no less than 3 kN; ultimate strength in bending 16…20 MPa. Conclusions. Despite the fact that the thickness of the concrete canvas in the hardened state does not exceed 10 mm, its properties are not inferior to those of other types of textile concrete, that is, they have high strength characteristics with a relatively small thickness. The most promising areas of application of the concrete canvas are the repair and waterproofing of reinforced concrete structures of hydraulic structures, and the strengthening of slopes.
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Eller, B., S. Szalai, M. Sysyn, D. Harrach, J. Liu, and S. Fischer. "Inner shear resistance increasing effect of Concrete Canvas in ballasted railway tracks." Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu, no. 2 (April 30, 2023): 64–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/nvngu/2023-2/064.
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Purpose. To prove that the GCCM (geosynthetic cementitious composite mat) – type Concrete Canvas (CC) – is an adequate supplementary layer on the top of the subgrade. As its drainage function is known, this article tries to prove the reinforcement possibility. This layer is relatively thin; nevertheless, it can behave like the geogrids. It is the main path to finding out the opportunity of the interlocking effect and its impact on the railway ballast’s inner shear resistance. Methodology. The laboratory measurements were performed in a multi-level shear box, which allows simulating the multi-level shift of the ballast layer. The tests were planned with and without the CC layer. After shearing, the samples were also tested for load-bearing capacity (E2; according to the Hungarian Standard) and particle breakage. On the other hand, the contact surface between the lowest part of the ballast and CC was also measured by a sophisticated 3D laser scanner (GOM ATOS) and graphically by AutoCAD software. Findings. After the results of the laboratory experiments are analyzed, the following parameters are calculated and determined: 1) the reinforcement ratio as the tangent of the inner shear resistance curves in the 5–15 mm horizontal shearing interval as well as the area under graphs by integration in the 0–40 mm interval; 2) the change in load-bearing capacity of the layer-structure with and without CC; 3) the amount of the cement particles; 4) the amount of the broken particles; 5) contact surface between the lowest layer of ballast and CC; 6) flatness of CC sheets after shearing. Based on the results, the Concrete Canvas provides significant reinforcement to the railway ballast. Originality. Any other type of measurement with Concrete Canvas in a multi-level shear box is unknown. The topic is unique. Practical value. In the future, these results may provide baseline data to verify the suitability of the Concrete Canvas in the railway sub- or superstructure for various types of transport.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Concrete canvas"
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Basson, Rozanne. "Canvas : colour production hub." Diss., Pretoria :[s.n.], 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11212007-205438.
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Canaval, Júnior Henrique. "Estudo experimental do comportamento de vigas de concreto armado reforçadas à flexão por meio de graute, armaduras e conectores / Júnior Henrique Canaval." Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 2016. https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/17853.
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Universidade Federal de Uberlândia<br>Este trabalho é relativo a uma investigação experimental sobre reforço à flexão de vigas de concreto armado e a influência de um tipo de conector. O programa experimental foi constituído de 8 conjuntos de blocos de concreto e de 15 vigas. Os blocos para ensaios de cisalhamento direto com seção transversal de 15 cm x 15 cm, sendo 4 conjuntos sem conectores e 4 com conectores. As vigas para ensaio à flexão possuíam seções transversais de 12 cm x 22 cm e comprimento de 200 cm, distribuídas em três séries de ensaio, cada uma envolvendo cinco vigas: 5 vigas utilizadas para referência, ou seja, sem reforço, 10 vigas reforçadas com superfície do substrato de textura escovada, sendo 5 delas com conectores metálicos colados no substrato. Para a confecção das vigas foi utilizado concreto usinado auto adensável de 20 MPa, 2ø12,5 mm na armadura longitudinal inferior e 2ø5 mm na armadura longitudinal superior. Os estribos foram de ø5 mm, espaçados a cada 10 cm. As vigas foram submetidas à aplicação de uma força aplicada em dois pontos, distantes de 60 cm dos apoios. Previamente a ruptura e ao serviço de reforço, todas as vigas foram submetidas à carga de projeto até a estabilização de flecha, posteriormente, a carga foi reduzida para 80 % sendo executado o reforço e finalmente ensaiadas até a ruptura. O reforço foi composto do acréscimo de 5 cm de graute nas laterais e fundo da viga em uma extensão de 140 cm, simetricamente ao centro do vão. As armaduras acrescentadas foram similares a existente na viga. A força aplicada, os deslocamentos, as deformações no aço e no concreto foram medidas. Nos ensaios de cisalhamento direto em blocos, os conectores contribuíram para o aumento da tensão média de ruptura em 70,8%. As vigas de referência romperam por flexão com cargas próximas às calculadas. Pelos resultados, o reforço à flexão foi eficiente, elevando a capacidade portante em 44 % e mudou o mecanismo de ruptura para cisalhamento no trecho sem reforço. Nas vigas com conectores o aumento foi de 47%, somente um pouco superior, pois eles não foram totalmente solicitados.<br>This work is based on an experimental investigation of reinforced concrete beams strengthened to flexure and the influence of a type of connector. The experimental program consisted of 8 sets of concrete blocks and 15 beams. The blocks used in shear tests with cross section of 15 cm x 15 cm, 4 sets without connectors and 4 with connectors. The beams for flexure testing had cross sections of 12 cm x 22 cm and length of 200 cm, divided in three series of the tests, each involving five beams: 5 beams was used for reference, that is, without reinforcement. 10 beams reinforced with surface brushed texture substrate, 5 of them with metal connectors bonded to the substrate. Beams were made with self-compacting concrete of 20 MPa, 2ø12,5 mm to longitudinal bottom reinforcement and 2ø5 mm at longitudinal top. The stirrups were ø5 mm and 10 cm long run. The beams were submitted to four-point load bending test. Previously to the rupture and reinforcement, all the beams were submitted to the project load up to its deflection's stabilization, later, the load was reduced to 80% and executed the reinforcement and finally tested to rupture. The reinforcement was composed of 5 cm grouting increase on the sides and bottom of the beam in a length of 140 cm, symmetrically of the center. The additional reinforcement was similar to the used in the beam. The applied force, the displacement, deformations in steel and in concrete were measured. In direct shear tests in blocks, the connectors contributed to increase in the rupture average stress in 70.8%. The reference beams broken by flexure with loads next to those calculated. The results, the flexure reinforcement was efficient, increasing the load capacity by 44% and changed the rupture mechanism to shear at the unreinforced section. At the beams with connectors the increase was of 47%, a little superior because they had not only been total requested.<br>Dissertação (Mestrado)
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de, Andrade Luna Hugo. "Manutenção em canais de irrigação revestidos em concreto." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2013. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/11572.
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Previous issue date: 2013-02-28<br>FACEPE<br>Os canais revestidos em concreto correspondem a alternativa mais econômica e, portanto, usual de condução de água nos perímetros de irrigação. Ainda assim, os custos construtivos destas estruturas chegam a alcançar 50% dos investimentos totais da infraestrutura hídrica dos perímetros, representado valores de até US$ 5.000,00 (Cinco mil dólares) por hectare irrigável. Deficiências construtivas e/ou de manutenção ocasionam vazamentos que, além do risco ambiental de salinização do solo e redução da capacidade de atendimento de área irrigável pela redução da vazão transportada, provocam desperdício significativo da água em si. Estas perdas são bastante danosas ao meio ambiente além de estarem associadas a prejuízos econômicos decorrentes do custo de bombeamento de recalque, notadamente energia elétrica e pela cobrança do uso da água. Construções e/ou manutenções inadequadas podem, ainda, comprometer a integridade da obra com a ocorrência de sinistros que, além do custo de recuperação, causam graves prejuízos econômicos na produção agrícola com a interrupção do fornecimento de água para a irrigação. Por outro lado, a manutenção dos canais responde por até 30% do total da manutenção da infraestrutura hídrica, representando valores de até US$ 4/ha/ano, refletindo significativamente na tarifa de água cobrada aos usuários irrigantes ou nos recursos portados pela entidade governamental responsável pelo perímetro. Desta forma, a decisão quanto a execução de determinada manutenção em um canal, deve basear-se na análise econômica da relação custo benefício entre o gasto com a intervenção e a economia de água a ser obtida, considerando também os fatores ambientais associados. É comum em engenharia que determinado problema tenha várias soluções possíveis, ficando a escolha desta, na maioria das vezes, a cargo de questões econômicas, temporais e/ou ambientais. No caso de manutenção em canais de irrigação revestidos em concreto não é diferente, a maioria dos problemas decorrentes de execução e/ou manutenção inadequada apresentam uma gama de soluções possíveis. Diante disso o presente trabalho apresenta as principais patologias e suas respectivas técnicas de reparo e manutenção explanando e discutindo as principais vantagens e desvantagens de cada técnica. Como uma significativa demanda por manutenção se dá em decorrência de uma má execução do canal na fase de construção, este trabalho trás diretrizes, especificações e recomendações sobre as etapas de construção a fim de que se possa reduzir a demanda por manutenção associada a esta fase.
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Saito, Eduardo. "Caracterização de concretos refratários bombeáveis para aplicação em canais de corrida e carros torpedo e determinação dos mecanismos de desgaste." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/97/97134/tde-26092012-171135/.
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Para atender os altos níveis de produção exigidos dos Altos Fornos, a disponibilidade dos Canais de Corrida e dos Carros Torpedo torna-se um fator estratégico. Dentre as propostas de manutenção e reparo disponíveis pela indústria de refratários, a utilização de concretos refratários bombeáveis desponta como um recurso que possibilita, sinergicamente, realizar o reparo de forma localizada e em curtos tempos de parada. Utilizando esse tipo de material, existem, basicamente, dois tipos de aplicação: a realizada por \"Gunning\" e por \"Shotcrete\", cuja principal distinção para o usuário ocorre em função do teor de rebote, sendo os valores médios típicos de 15 % para o primeiro caso e de 5 % no segundo. Este estudo visou comparar o desempenho de concretos refratários para aplicação por bombeamento, destinados como revestimento refratários de Canais de Corrida e/ou de Carros Torpedo. As principais conclusões revelaram que dentre os concretos aplicados nos Canais de Corrida, o mais resistente à corrosão pelo ferro gusa liquido/escória é o concreto A-CLE por apresentar a fases espinélio (MgAl2O4) e não possuir SiO2 livre em sua matriz. Dentre os concretos indicados para aplicação em Carros Torpedo, o que teve melhor desempenho é o concreto C-CT seguido, em segundo lugar, pelo concreto B-T15 e, por fim, B-T85. Nesse caso a presença simultânea da fase SiC, de agentes redutores de molhabilidade (Cgraf), aditivos metálicos (Al0) , da ausência de aluminatos de cálcio, entre outros fatores, resultou em melhor desempenho.<br>The high productivity of blast furnaces and the availability of Torpedos Ladles and Blast Furnace Runners has a strategic factor for hot metal producers. Considering this, maximizing the refractories performance in a integrated siderurgic Plant must be achieved at a minimal cost. Among the available technologies for repairs and maintenance in the refractories Industry, the pumpable castables appear as a solution that allows, sinergically, do the repair and save valuable time. Basically there are two kinds of application : Gunning and Shotcrete technlogy. The main difference is the rebound index, around 15% for the first and 5% for the last one. This work compared the wear resistance performance of five pumpable refractory castables suggested by the suppliers for application in Blast Furnace Runners and/or Torpedo Ladle. The conclusions of this study revealed that amongst the available castables for the lining application, the A-CLE product is the most resistant against the molten hot metal/ slag bath at laboratorial Finger Test because , between other variables , it has the MgAl2O4 phase and is not free of SiO2 phase in the matrix. And regarding the castables indicated for Torpedo ladles application, C-CT product showed, comparatively a lower wear than the other ones (B-T15 and B-T85) since it has phases as SiC, C, and Alº in its composition.
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Lai, Jun-Cheng, and 賴俊程. "The Hydraulic Analysis of Pre-cast Ecological Concrete Blocks for Irrigation and Drainage Canals." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/18796139541068457466.
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碩士<br>中原大學<br>土木工程研究所<br>94<br>Abstract
The agricultural irrigation and drainage canals considered the efficiency of supply water and reduce supply water losses and security of structure. Majority canals are designed by the reinforced concrete. The irrigation ditches and soil revetments are replaced by a lot of reinforced concrete lining. The smooth non-porosity surface make the biology survive with difficulty and cause the flow monotonous. This research is planned to propose using pre-cast ecological concrete blocks without influencing to supply water efficiency. The pre-cast ecological concrete blocks use the height of 4 kinds of projection, by the hydraulic model test to get the hydraulic characteristic of pre-cast ecological concrete blocks. The experimental results show that, under the same flux and the manning coefficient lying between 0.0167~0.0437 bigger than pile up cobblestone of concrete, the manning coefficient and the slope are in direct proportion. Another results show that, under different flux, the manning coefficient and water depth are in inverse proportion. When the height of projection of the model is 2.5~7cm, the roughness lies between 0.446~1.17. After regression analysis, the Height D and roughness fr relational expression are fr=0.1723D+0.0126. The roughness fr of a stone and the Manning n value relational expression are n=n0+n*(1-e-1.854fr).The analyses of hydraulic characteristic and estimate of manning coefficient through hydraulic model test will be helpful for the construction improvement of irrigation and drainage canals.
Books on the topic "Concrete canvas"
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Waterhouse, Jo. Concrete to canvas: Skateboarders' art. Watson-Guptill Publications, 2006.
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Rayo, Omar. Omar Rayo: Exposición antológica : veinte años, cien obras : Museo del Palacio de Bellas Artes Sala Nacional, México D.F. México julio 7-agosto 7, 1994. Colcultura, 1994.
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Morellet, François. François Morellet: Interventionen : Münster, 1989 : Westfälisches Landesmuseum für Kunst und Kulturgeschichte Münster, Landschaftsverband Westfalen-Lippe, 23. April-11. Juni 1989. Das Museum, 1989.
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Morellet, François. François Morellet: Géometrée : Abbaye royale de Fontevraud, 30 novembre 1985-18 janvier 1986. Fonds régional d'art contemporain des Pays de la Loire, 1985.
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Morellet, François. François Morellet: Neonly : 22. Februar-1. Mai 1995, Lenbachhaus. Städtische Galerie im Lenbachhaus, 1995.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Concrete canvas"
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Kadam, Kaustubh A. "Development of Concrete Canvas for Structural Applications." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6463-5_62.
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Mayor, Beatriz, Elena López Gunn, Pedro Zorrilla-Miras, Kieran Dartée, Thomas Biffin, and Karina Peña. "NAS Canvas: Identifying Business Models to Support Implementation of Natural Assurance Schemes." In Water Security in a New World. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-25308-9_8.
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AbstractThe Natural Assurance Schemes (NAS) canvas framework and tool have been developed to analyse the process of value generation linked to NBS aimed at reducing risks from the assurance value of ecosystems and co-benefits, when providing climate adaptation services. The NAS canvas identifies the elements, agents and roles involved along the NASs’ services and values delivery process, as well as the associated economic streams. Therefore, it allows identifying and structuring, in a logical and visual way, the components of a business model to deliver a natural assurance service into concrete schemes, compiling the required information on actors, costs, impacts and possible funding models needed to attract investors. The process of business model identification using the NAS canvas has been applied in all NAS strategies in NAIAD case studies, providing useful individual and comparative insights. This process – often supported by a co-design stakeholder engagement approach (see Chap. 3 and 19) – can be applied to any NAS regardless of the context and the project stage, and replicated by adjusting the depth and detail of the information. Although a quantitative description is preferred to build the business case to attract investors, a qualitative description can also provide very valuable insights on information needs, specific elements or context difficulties (e.g. regulatory). Graphical Abstract
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Parker Stefan, Nussbaum Gerhard, and Pölzer Stephan. "The WebACS – An Accessible Graphical Editor." In Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. IOS Press, 2017. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-798-6-890.
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This paper is about the solution to accessibility problems met when implementing a graphical editor, a major challenge being the comprehension of the relationships between graphical components, which needs to be guaranteed for blind and vision impaired users. In the concrete case the HTML5 canvas and Javascript were used. Accessibility was reached by implementing a list view of elements, which also enhances the usability of the editor.
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"Mass concrete lining." In Hydraulic Canals. CRC Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482265644-11.
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"Construction of concrete linings." In Hydraulic Canals. CRC Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482265644-12.
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Kriegel Johannes and Auinger Klemens. "AAL Service Development Loom – From the Idea to a Marketable Business Model." In Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. IOS Press, 2015. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-524-1-125.
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The Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) market is still in an early stage of development. Previous approaches of comprehensive AAL services are mostly supply-side driven and focused on hardware and software. Usually this type of AAL solutions does not lead to a sustainable success on the market. Research and development increasingly focuses on demand and customer requirements in addition to the social and legal framework. The question is: How can a systematic performance measurement strategy along a service development process support the market-ready design of a concrete business model for AAL service? Within the EU funded research project DALIA (Assistant for Daily Life Activities at Home) an iterative service development process uses an adapted Osterwalder business model canvas. The application of a performance measurement index (PMI) to support the process has been developed and tested. Development of an iterative service development model using a supporting PMI. The PMI framework is developed throughout the engineering of a virtual assistant (AVATAR) as a modular interface to connect informal carers with necessary and useful services. Future research should seek to ensure that the PMI enables meaningful transparency regarding targeting (e.g. innovative AAL service), design (e.g. functional hybrid AAL service) and implementation (e.g. marketable AAL support services). To this end, a further reference to further testing practices is required. The aim must be to develop a weighted PMI in the context of further research, which supports both the service engineering and the subsequent service management process.
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Solomon Fitsum and Ekolu Stephen. "Effect of surface treatments on abrasion and permeation properties of clay concretes." In Construction Materials and Structures. IOS Press, 2014. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-466-4-848.
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The resistance of concrete surfaces to various types of wear can be a defining performance characteristic in certain applications. Some concrete structures are required to be abrasion-resistant; among them are dams, canals, roads, floors, footpaths, parking lots, and paths in parks.
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Broughton, Chad. "Boom Days in Appliance City." In Boom, Bust, Exodus. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199765614.003.0004.
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Packing Insulation Was Mike Patrick’s first job at Midwest Manufacturing. He was one of 300 men, mostly young, hired in January 1959 to help Admiral, a Chicago-based company that owned the Galesburg factory, meet America’s seemingly insatiable postwar appetite for appliances. He had failed an eye test during the nurse’s exam at the factory and had to get glasses before he started. Patrick had suspected he needed glasses because he always had trouble seeing the chalkboard from the back of the room in high school. But because he was an athlete, he didn’t want to tie glasses around his head during basketball games. New hires got the nastiest, most grueling jobs, and stuffing insulation— which was like prickly cotton candy—into bare metal cabinets was one of them. The cabinets came from the metal-cutting area of the factory known as the “black line,” because the steel, darkened with oil, hadn’t yet been painted. The black line was the birthplace of these early Admiral refrigerators. Flatbed semis unloaded massive rolls of thick steel from Chicago—the plant used 10 rolls a day, 50 million pounds a year—that cutters and folding machines would shape into five sides. Gun welders then joined what would become the back, the two sides, and the top and bottom of the refrigerator. They left the door for later. The fused steel cabinet dangled from an overhead conveyor as it rode to the paint shop to be cleaned of its oily residue and painted. It would continue on the conveyor to a cabinet bank, where the empty cabinets gathered until they were needed on the line. When the scheduler called for them, men would slide the cabinets to the line across a concrete floor, which had been treated with a smooth, protective coating to prevent damage. A young man then spread scalding, gooey tar into the corners and up and down the creases of the bare metal cabinets. He shot the tar out of a pistol-gripped nozzle attached to a long canvas hose that he snaked in and around the metal shell.
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Solomon Fitsum and Ekolu Stephen. "Effect of clay-concrete lining on canal seepage towards the drainage region – an analysis using Finite-Element method." In Construction Materials and Structures. IOS Press, 2014. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-466-4-1331.
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For proper design of a drainage system that utilizes lined canals, knowledge of the seepage into a soil substrate/drainage region is necessary so that the drainage blanket and /or filter type and thickness, and the size of collector pipes can all be designed. The work presented in this paper is based on the problem of steady-state seepage from a hypothetical irrigation canal into the substrate/drainage region towards asymmetrical trapezoidal concrete-lined canal. The problem is solved using a finite element based software program to determine the flow volume into the drainage region.
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Hamilton, Gary G. "Patterns of Asian Network Capitalism, The Cases of Taiwan and South Korea." In Networks, Markets, And The Pacific Rim. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195117202.003.0009.
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Abstract A passage from Perry Anderson’s excellent essay on “The Asiatic Mode of Production” sets the tone for this chapter. After lengthy discussion of the literature on the Asiatic mode of production, Anderson (1974, p. 549) concluded with the following “procedural lesson”: Asian development cannot in any way be reduced to a uniform residual category, left over after the canons of European evolution have been established. Any serious theoretical exploration of the historical field outside ... Europe will have to supersede traditional and generic contrasts with it, and proceed to a concrete and accurate typology of social formations and State systems in their own right, which respects their very great differences of structure and development. It is merely in the night of our ignorance that all alien shapes take on the same hue.
Conference papers on the topic "Concrete canvas"
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Hejji, Jasim A., D. Gareth John, and Raymond K. Sullivan. "Protection of the Reinforced Concrete Seawater Cooling System at Jubail, Saudi Arabia." In CORROSION 1989. NACE International, 1989. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1989-89388.
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Abstract The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has the largest deposits of petroleum in the world. Gas associated with lifting crude oil had been flared from wells for decades but in the early 1970's the Saudi government decided to launch a massive industrialization program using oil field gas as both the energy and feedstock for giant petrochemical plants. These plants were to be sited in two entirely new industrial cities: Jubail on the Arabian Gulf, oriented to Asian markets, and Yanbu on the Red Sea with its proximity to Europe. The Royal Commission for Jubail and Yanbu was established on 21 September 1975 with the authority and responsibility to plan, construct and manage the infrastructure and communities necessary for the development and operation of the industrial complexes and their support facilities. This paper addresses the corrosion problems and remedial actions involved in Jubail's Seawater Cooling System, an extensive canal system that serves as a sink for the waste heat generated by the industrial activity of the fourteen large petrochemical plants now in operation. Corrosion problems were first noted in 1982 when the first compartment was dewatered for inspection. While repairs were undertaken, a program was implemented to explore alternative means to arrest corrosion. The effect of coatings, sacrificial anodes and conductive coatings were measured by embedded probe, three electrode linear polarization techniques. During installation of sacrificial anodes to protect the canal system below the waterline which resulted from this program, an additional program was undertaken to demonstrate compatibility of impressed current with sacrificial anodes and to provide design data for a system to protect reinforcement above the waterline. Material that follows covers the nature and extent of the corrosion encountered in the concrete walls of the canal system, the elements comprising the corrosion control program, test instrumentation and results obtained from each alternative method used to cope with the problem.
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Shah, Naseeb, and Majid Ali. "An Insight into Pavement Maintenance with Fiber Concrete Overlays." In Technology Enabled Civil Infrastructure Engineering & Management Conference. Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4028/p-2mid1n.
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In the realm of civil engineering, scientists and engineers are striving to enhance the performance of Portland cement concrete (PCC) by incorporating organic waste materials, particularly wheat straw fibers. These fibers, alongside polymers, are key components in reinforcing cementitious concrete. They have been extensively studied and found to positively impact plain concrete, leading to the development of fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC). This study innovates construction through unique random fiber inclusion, diverse types, and addressing maintenance overlays of rigid pavements. This concept resembles a two-sided coin, with one side involving the random integration of fibers into the matrix, commonly seen in applications like Portland cement concrete pavement slabs and canal lining. Extensive research efforts were undertaken to gather insights into the significance of fiber composites in the field of construction. This literature review examines papers published by well-regarded publishers, encompassing the latest and essential research findings. Consequently, the primary aim of this study is to consolidate the outcomes and hurdles associated with fiber-reinforced composites for rigid pavement overlays, offering practical solutions to optimize concrete for enhanced pavement performance and sustainability. Our study's primary goal is to investigate the alterations in wheat straw fiber-reinforced concrete (WSFRC) materials through random fiber inclusion and explore the implications of different fiber types, mixing procedures, and construction challenges. A comprehensive literature review reveals three main objectives for incorporating fibers into concrete pavement overlays: enhancing mechanical properties, developing electrically conductive mixtures, and providing a sustainable solution for waste fiber management. This research paves the way for improving the performance and sustainability of concrete pavements in civil engineering.
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Smith, Greg. "Complicated Siphon Rehab Challenges Pre-Job Planning Process." In Coatings+ 2020. SSPC, 2020. https://doi.org/10.5006/s2020-00062.
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Abstract The Jim Creek siphon is located in the Arapahoe National Forest in Winter Park, Colorado, elevation 9,000 feet. The siphon was constructed as part of the original Moffat Collection System in approximately 1935/1936, commencing operation in 1937. It is a 54-inch diameter steel pipeline that conveys Fraser River water from the Fraser Canal on the south side of the Jim Creek valley to the Jim Creek-Fraser Creek Canal on the north side of Jim Creek valley. The Jim Creek valley floor includes a significant wetlands complex with sensitive terraced beaver ponds, which require protection during any rehabilitation work. The contractor was awarded part of the project scope which consisted of; cleaning and re-lining the interior of the steel pipe, completing spot repairs, making linear tape repairs on exterior coating of steel pipe, repairs to concrete supports, and, external coating of pipe at different locations. Completing this project required the navigation through 1,800’ of pipeline that sloped steeply in some areas, protecting sensitive wetlands, staging and moving equipment along mountain terrain, and applying a 100% volume solids interior coating while dealing with the restrictions of pipe diameter and working with potentially hazardous materials. This paper will outline the challenges and unique requirements of the project and their outcomes.
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Malnar, Leo, Bruno Matjašić, and Boris Kereš. "Concrete Canvas application." In 6th International Conference on Road and Rail Infrastructure. University of Zagreb Faculty of Civil Engineering, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5592/co/cetra.2020.1235.
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This presentation reviews few different applications of Concrete Canvas and Concrete Canvas Hydro material. Concrete Canvas is a flexible, concrete filled fabric which provides a thin durable concrete layer when hydrated or fully waterproof layer in it's Hydro variant. It's possible to apply concrete Canvas in many different ways, some of them are slope protection, weed suppression, canal lining, lagoon lining and erosion control. We are going to present our application of material at 3 different projects: securing waterproofness of area around gas tanks in luka Ploče, preventing fire outbreaks along railway in Slovenia and water drainage at hardly accessible locations in Serbia. Each project had it's problems where we found Concrete Canvas suitable replacement for conventional concrete solutions. In that way we delivered Investor faster and high quality solution which in the end resulted in lower expanses. We will show comparison between Concrete Canvas and standard methods that are usually used.
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Vidal Laguna, Francis Alchesti, Percy Benigno Tinco Aspilcueta, and Ruben Esau Mogrovejo Gutiérrez. "Application of concrete canvas to optimize channel construction processes." In 21st LACCEI International Multi-Conference for Engineering, Education and Technology (LACCEI 2023): “Leadership in Education and Innovation in Engineering in the Framework of Global Transformations: Integration and Alliances for Integral Development”. Latin American and Caribbean Consortium of Engineering Institutions, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18687/laccei2023.1.1.961.
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Kurochkin, Aleksandr Sergeevich, Issa Togo, and ictor Vyacheslavovich Antropkin. "NUMERICAL AND ANALYTICAL CALCULATION OF AERATION AT THE GROUND AND CONCRETE DISCHARGE CANALS." In Региональные аспекты развития науки и образования в области архитектуры, строительства, землеустройства и кадастров в начале III тысячелетия. Комсомольский-на-Амуре государственный университет, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17084/978-5-7765-1447-0_2020_227.
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Domiciano, Vitor Guarnier, Aloísio Simões Ribeiro, Rogério Diogo Araújo, Alexander Rabello Ollmann, Humberto Chiaretti Bassalo, and Modestino Alves de Moura Brito. "CONCRETOS REFRATÁRIOS PARA CONDIÇÕES OPERACIONAIS CRÍTICAS DE CANAIS DE CORRIDA DE ALTOS-FORNOS." In 45º Redução / 16º Minério de Ferro / 3º Aglomeração. Editora Blucher, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/2594-357x-26929.
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Bakiev, Masharif, Bakhodir Kulumbetov, Kuvonchbek Yakubov, Azat Khalimbetov, and Umidbek Masharifov. "Free swelling of soil and its role in the formation of cracks on concrete slopes of canals." In VI INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE CONSTRUCTION MECHANICS, HYDRAULICS & WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING (CONMECHYDRO 2024). AIP Publishing, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0280328.
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Abdrazakov, F. K., A. A. Rukavishnikov, A. A. Khalmetov, A. V. Povarov, and F. K. Abdrazakov. "Problems of Irrigation Canals and Modern Methods of Their Technical Improvement due to Innovative Concrete Materials and Technologies." In Proceedings of the International Symposium "Engineering and Earth Sciences: Applied and Fundamental Research" dedicated to the 85th anniversary of H.I. Ibragimov (ISEES 2019). Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/isees-19.2019.73.
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Nogueira, Anderson Carvalho. "UTILIZAÇÃO DE CONCRETO REFRATÁRIO DE SECAGEM RÁPIDA PARA REDUÇÃO DA CURVA DE SECAGEM DE CANAIS DE CORRIDA." In 51º Seminário de Redução de Minérios e Matérias-Primas. Editora Blucher, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/2594-357x-39656.
Full textReports on the topic "Concrete canvas"
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Wadman, Heidi, and Jesse McNinch. Use of chirp sub-bottom acoustics to assess integrity of water-control structures : Inner Harbor Navigation Canal Lock, New Orleans. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/49198.
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The US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE)-maintained lock on the Inner Harbor Navigation Canal serves as a critical navigation link between Lake Pontchartrain to the north and the Mississippi River to the south. Extensive slumping has been observed on the earthen embankment on each side of the lock, suggesting that internal pathways for water to escape through the lock’s concrete walls or joints are present. Unfortunately, traditional methods often used to identify cracks in the concrete (e.g., sidescan sonar) or water-filled voids under or behind the structure (e.g., ground-penetrating radar) did not identify any structural issues at this site. Prior to dewatering and repair, the USACE New Orleans District requested that the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center conduct a sub-bottom survey at the lock to identify water-filled voids and better prepare for potential repairs during dewatering. A unique sled was constructed that allowed a small vessel to tow the sub-bottom profiler at an angle to direct more acoustic energy into the structure. Low-frequency, chirp acoustic energy successfully penetrated the concrete walls and identified several water-filled voids on both sides of the lock. A later post-dewatering walkthrough indicated that the chirp imaged voids spatially adjacent to cracks, and cracks were not found in any other locations. Additional work is needed to further develop this methodology in other USACE structures.
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Clark, Ximena, Danielle Zaror, and José Antonio Mejía-Guerra. Marcos legales estadísticos en América Latina: Realidades, mejores prácticas y recomendaciones. Inter-American Development Bank, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002938.
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Este trabajo hace un análisis comparativo de los marcos legales que rigen las Oficinas Nacionales de Estadística (ONEs) de 18 países de América Latina, contrastándolos con las recomendaciones internacionales existentes. Concluye que los marcos son en muchos casos obsoletos, debilitando la institucionalidad y el nivel técnico de las oficinas e impidiendo su habilidad para comunicar sus productos. En casi todos los países, el marco no reúne por lo menos una de las condiciones necesarias para facilitar la producción, el intercambio y la difusión de información, la transparencia, la confidencialidad y protección de datos, o contener las presiones externas que busquen influir en la información producida por la ONE. Un marco legal obsoleto puede ser el canal de conducción de políticas de debilitamiento institucional. No hay leyes perfectas y la legislación requiere ser actualizada para ajustarse a los tiempos, pero está claro que la estabilidad institucional de una ONE no puede estar sujeta a usos y costumbres, sino que debe estar propiamente legislada. El documento identifica áreas de oportunidad y mejores prácticas, y ofrece propuestas concretas en la forma de una ley modelo alineada con las recomendaciones internacionales. La investigación también explora la interacción de la legislación estadística con las legislaciones de acceso a la información pública y de protección de datos personales.
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Flores Arenas, Bárbara, and Paul Rodríguez Lesmes. Abierta configuration options Fallas en el mercado de medicamentos genéricos en Chile y recomendaciones para mejorar la competencia. Inter-American Development Bank, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003979.
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Esta nota técnica analiza el mercado de medicamentos genéricos y su nivel de competencia en Chile. Existe consenso sobre los beneficios generados por la existencia e incremento en la disponibilidad de genéricos, cuando caduca la patente del original, aumentan las alternativas de sustitutos disponibles en el mercado, disminuyendo los precios y mejorando la asequibilidad de medicamentos. Sin embargo, en la práctica, el funcionamiento del mercado de medicamentos presenta fallas que limitan los niveles de competencia aun cuando se han vencido las patentes. Adicionalmente, la nota indaga en las causas que limitan la competencia y su efecto sobre el precio final que enfrentan los consumidores. Para proponer recomendaciones concretas de política pública para el contexto chileno. En particular, el estudio presenta tres análisis cuantitativos de concentración de mercado: a nivel de los hogares, a nivel de las compras públicas y a nivel de las farmacias. Esta desagregación es importante, ya que, el nivel de competencia y las políticas para fomentarla suelen variar según el canal de adquisición de medicamentos. A partir de los resultados obtenidos y de un análisis cualitativo de entrevistas a actores clave, surgen recomendaciones que se clasifican en torno a un nivel macro o sistémico y según actor: distribuidores, prescriptores y pacientes. Más allá de que cada uno, presenta sus propias particularidades, para lograr eficiencia en el gasto público y privado en medicamentos se requiere de esfuerzos colectivos y de políticas complementarias entre los diferentes niveles del mercado.
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Salas, Humberto. Medición de la confianza empresarial: un enfoque regional desde la Araucanía. Universidad Autónoma de Chile, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32457/2050012728/975520193.
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Toloza et al. (2018) describen una dificultad contingente al indicar que en nuestro país no se cuenta con “información robusta” a nivel regional y sectorial para el uso de los distintos agentes económicos. El autor resalta la insuficiente información para la toma de decisiones a nivel territorial y señala que esta es una limitante y un desafío país, por lo que es necesaria la “creación de sistemas regionales integrados de información territorial” (p. 194) para estos fines. El problema anterior, sumado al dilema de comprender el mecanismo bajo el cual estos agentes (empresas, familias y gobierno) forman sus expectativas, representa uno de los desafíos más importantes de la macroeconomía moderna, fundamentalmente en lo que refiere a los ciclos de negocios. Esto, dado que la gran dificultad para estudiar este fenómeno con mayor nivel de desagregación se centra en la disponibilidad de información (Borraz y Gianelli, 2011). Considerando el carácter social que tiene la economía, su comportamiento se ve influenciado por las percepciones de los agentes económicos, respecto de los escenarios futuros. Estas percepciones guardan relación con la coyuntura económica, la política, el resto del mundo y el marco jurídico en un país, entre otros elementos. Es en este contexto en que los gobiernos y el sector privado deben alcanzar un consenso sobre políticas económicas y sociales que produzcan un entorno estable para las regiones (Después de la crisis, 2010). La experiencia internacional indica que una consolidación y un buen manejo de la política fiscal influye fuertemente en el corto plazo en el “sentimiento empresarial” (Michail, et al., 2018). Esta tesis la refuerzan Bachmann y Sims (2012), quienes plantean que una política económica orientada a la consolidación tiene un impacto potente en la economía, a través del canal de confianza empresarial, con efectos que no deben ser subestimados. Considerando que en la Araucanía este componente es importante, la política fiscal juega entonces un papel relevante en las expectativas del empresariado. Es así como en la región, las empresas, gremios, consumidores, comerciantes, agricultores e inversionistas poseen visiones relativas de lo que podría acontecer, considerando su experiencia y apreciaciones, que son muchas veces subjetivas. Se formulan así, período a período, supuestos sobre acontecimientos que buscan explicar escenarios futuros; a este proceso mental colectivo lo llamamos expectativas. No cabe duda de que estas determinan el comportamiento futuro del consumo, del ahorro y la inversión, e incluso de la orientación de la política pública, al impactar directamente en la actividad económica y, más importante, en la generación de empleo e ingresos de la fuerza de trabajo. En consecuencia la situación en la Araucanía no es difiere del problema de cómo los agentes económicos se forman expectativas y cómo logran interactuar con la estructura institucional de la economía, habiendo históricamente interés de los investigadores por incursionar en estas temáticas (Rosser, 2001). La utilización de indicadores que reflejan las expectativas de agentes económicos levantados por medio de encuestas es desarrollada en muchos países que cuentan con un sistema de estadísticas avanzado. Lanzilotta (2014) establece que los indicadores de este tipo son ampliamente utilizados en investigación aplicada, con el fin de capturar y anticipar los movimientos de numerosas variables, para así dar cuenta de la formación de expectativas y los planes de las empresas. El autor plantea que los indicadores de expectativas elaborados a partir tanto de encuestas a empresarios como a consumidores son ampliamente divulgados, principalmente con dos objetivos: explorar los mecanismos de formación de expectativas e identificar su poder predictivo. Es válido, entonces, examinar la forma en que las expectativas locales tienen efectos concretos para la comunidad y los mecanismos en que estas perspectivas afectan realmente el desempeño económico de un territorio. Es en este contexto que según lo expuesto por Salas (2018), la Facultad de Administración y Negocios de la Universidad Autónoma de Chile —con metodología de la Universidad del Desarrollo y el apoyo de la Multigremial de la Araucanía, representante de SOFOFA en la zona— ha aunado esfuerzos para medir la confianza empresarial en la región, desde junio de 2017, creando así el primer Índice de Confianza Empresarial de la Araucanía (ICE Araucanía). Esta iniciativa es relevante, considerando la escasa información para la toma de decisiones del empresariado local en la zona y que la disposición de esta permite a los distintos sectores competir en entornos cambiantes. Así se busca contribuir y hacernos cargo en parte de un problema general que dejó la última crisis económica mundial. Esta manifestó la debilidad de América Latina y de las regiones para competir en una economía global y compleja, debido a la poca información disponible para la toma de decisiones empresariales (Después de la crisis, 2010).