Journal articles: 'Concrete Concrete Ultrasonic testing'

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Fitzka, Michael, Ulrike Karr, Maximilian Granzner, Tomáš Melichar, Martin Rödhammer, Alfred Strauss, and Herwig Mayer. "Ultrasonic fatigue testing of concrete." Ultrasonics 116 (September 2021): 106521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultras.2021.106521.

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Gu, Jun Bin. "Analysis on the Nondestructive Testing Method of Concrete Strength." Applied Mechanics and Materials 578-579 (July 2014): 987–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.578-579.987.

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Preliminary study the damage of concrete beam by the ultrasonic-rebound method.The contents of the ultrasonic-rebound method are shown below: the concrete rebound value was determined by Rebound method and the ultrasound propagation time in concrete beam was determined by ultrasonic meter to calculate the ultrasonic velocity value in concrete, finally based on the concrete rebound value and the ultrasonic velocity value to confirm the strength of concrete beam.Because of a single rebounding or ultrasonic method is limit in theory and application, and lead to the defect in the application. But the ultrasonic-rebound synthetic method is much better than the above two methods respectively, and it improves the testing precision to apply to the engineering practice.

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Washer, G., P. Fuchs, B. A. Graybeal, and J. L. Hartmann. "Ultrasonic Testing of Reactive Powder Concrete." IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control 51, no. 2 (February 2004): 193–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tuffc.2004.1295394.

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Washer, G., P. Fuchs, B. A. Graybeal, and J. L. Hartmann. "Ultrasonic testing of reactive powder concrete." IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control 51, no. 2 (February 2004): 193–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tuffc.2004.1320767.

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Rizkiasari, Anggia Eta, and Abdul Rouf. "Analisis Hubungan Kecepatan Gelombang Dengan Kuat Tekan Beton Menggunakan Metode UPV." IJEIS (Indonesian Journal of Electronics and Instrumentation Systems) 10, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijeis.33414.

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Until now the use of concrete as a building material is still widely used for building structures. It is important to do concrete compressive strength testing as one of the factors to know the quality of a concrete. NDT (Non-Destructive Testing) is a method of solid quality testing without damaging the object. Testing with the NDT method is considered more efficient than the destructive test method. One method for performing NDT testing is by utilizing UPV (Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity).UPV is a method for estimating concrete compressive strength based on the ultrasonic pulse velocity relationship through concrete with the concrete compressive strength itself. UPV testing works by emitting ultrasonic pulses of 40 kHz through concrete to obtain the travel time of the pulse. Then the resulting time will be calculated the value of its speed and then will be converted into concrete compressive strength.Concrete compressive strength measurement system for high-quality concrete using UPV method can be designed by utilizing relation between ultrasonic pulse velocity with concrete compressive strength. Based on the test results, the average error value of concrete compressive strength testing is 3.04% with a maximum error of 6.63%.

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Camara, Letícia, Mayara Wons, Ian Esteves, and Ronaldo Medeiros-Junior. "Monitoring the Self-healing of Concrete from the Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity." Journal of Composites Science 3, no. 1 (February 2, 2019): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs3010016.

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Concrete has the ability to naturally heal its cracks, in a process called self-healing. This article aimed to analyze the self-healing of concretes, evaluating the influence of fly ash and the age of occurrence of cracks. Concrete specimens were submitted to cracking at 7 and 28 days. Subsequently, the samples were exposed to 12 wetting and drying cycles in order to favor the self-healing process. The phenomenon was evaluated through the ultrasonic pulse velocity testing, performed weekly on the specimens from the molding stage until the end of all cycles. The concretes showed a decrease in ultrasonic pulse velocity at the time they were cracked. This is due to the greater difficulty in the propagation of ultrasonic waves in the voids formed during cracking. This drop was higher for concrete with fly ash. Also, the results show that the fly ash concretes presented a more expressive self-healing process when cracked at 28 days, which may be related to the presence of pozzolanic reactions and the presence of more anhydrous particles. The concretes without fly ash had self-healing when they were cracked at 7 days. This is explained by the high hydration rate characteristic of ordinary Portland cement.

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Gao, Feng, Gui Ling Liu, and Feng Xian Wang. "Concrete Compression Strength Non-Destruction Detecting with Rebounding and Ultrasonic Synthesis Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 357-360 (August 2013): 1488–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.357-360.1488.

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Regional materials and mixing ratio in Datong region are used to make the concrete testing blocks. The rebounding and ultrasonic non-destruction detecting testing for concrete compression strength were done by using the six types of strength grades concrete standard specimens according to the technical regulation. By using the common software Matlab7.0, the mathematical models between rebounding values, ultrasonic velocity values, rebounding- ultrasonic method values and concrete compression strength were set up by three kinds of functions’ regression analysis. The error analysis showed that the rebounding-ultrasonic non-destruction detecting testing method had higher precision results and was used firstly when the conditions were permitted, compared with the rebounding testing method or the ultrasonic testing method.

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Rhim, Hong Chul, Dae You Kim, Chang Shik Cho, and Do Hyun Kim. "Effect of Steel Plates on Estimation of the Compressive Strength of Concrete via Ultrasonic Testing." Materials 13, no. 4 (February 17, 2020): 887. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13040887.

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The presence of embedded steel affects the estimates obtained for the compressive strength of concrete during ultrasonic testing, as it increases the ultrasonic wave velocity. Thus, if the presence of steel in concrete is inevitable, then a correction factor is required for an accurate estimation of the concrete strength. While previous studies focused on the effect of steel reinforcing bars on the speed of ultrasonic waves in concrete, this work expands on the significance of embedded steel from steel bars to include steel plates. The wave velocity was measured for varying dimensions of embedded steel plates from 15 mm to 150 mm using 54-kHz ultrasonic testing equipment. Through experiments, the effect of steel plates on the ultrasonic testing of concrete was quantified to derive proper correction factors. It was found that the thickness, depth, and height of the steel plates significantly affected the test results. These findings can be applied to ultrasonic testing to estimate the compressive strength of concrete consisting of a significant volume of steel, such as in steel-reinforced concrete structures.

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Abdel Rahim, Khalid Abdel Naser. "Evaluating Concrete Quality using Nondestructive In-situ Testing Methods." Revista Tecnología y Ciencia, no. 36 (October 10, 2019): 22–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33414/rtyc.36.22-40.2019.

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This manuscript investigate the quality of concrete using non-destructive in-situ testing.The in-situ testing is a process by which different test are carried out such as rebound hammer, ultrasonic pulse veloc-ity, initial surface absorption test and fig air, to determine thein-situ strength, durability and deterioration, air permeability, concrete quality control andperformance. Additionally, the quality of concrete was researched using test methods with experimental results. Moreover, this research has found that (1) the increase in w/c ra-tioleads to a decrease in compressive strength and ultrasonic pulse velocity. Thus, lower w/cratio gives a bet-ter concrete strength in terms of quality, (2) the quicker the ultrasonic pulse travels through concrete indicates that the concrete is denser, therefore, better quality, (3) the lower initial surface absorption value indicates a better concrete with respect to porosity and (4) the w/c ratio plays an important role in the strength and per-meability of concrete.

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Zhang, Weiguang, Muhammad Arfan Akber, Shuguang Hou, Jiang Bian, Dong Zhang, and Qiqi Le. "Detection of Dynamic Modulus and Crack Properties of Asphalt Pavement Using a Non-Destructive Ultrasonic Wave Method." Applied Sciences 9, no. 15 (July 24, 2019): 2946. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9152946.

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Non-destructive ultrasonic testing has attained popularity due to its robustness and cost-effectiveness in monitoring the structural health and performance evaluation of pavements, thus replacing traditional methods. This paper presents the application of an explicit finite element method for the modeling of ultrasonic wave propagation through asphalt concrete. Prior to modeling, non-destructive ultrasonic testing was conducted on four different types of asphalt concrete (AC-13, SMA-13, AC-20, and AM-20). Based on acoustic information (wave velocity) obtained in non-destructive testing (NDT) and density, the dynamic moduli of these asphalt concretes were evaluated and used in numerical modeling of ultrasonic wave propagation using the commercial software package ABAQUS. The ultrasonic wave results obtained by numerical modeling were compared with experimental results. This comparison showed a good fit between the finite element (FE) results and the experimental results and confirmed a good FE approach for ultrasonic wave propagation. In addition, the influence of varying dynamic moduli, density, varying location, and crack size/depth on ultrasonic wave propagation was analyzed.

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Gao, Feng, Gui Ling Liu, and Qing Guo Huang. "Ultrasonic Non-Destruction Detecting Method for Concrete Compression Strength." Advanced Materials Research 724-725 (August 2013): 1585–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.724-725.1585.

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Regional materials and mixing ratio of Datong area are used to make the concrete testing blocks. The rebounding and ultrasonic non-destruction detecting testing for concrete strength were done by using the six types of strength grades concrete standard specimens according to the technical regulation. On the basis of regression analysis with least squares technique, the mathematical models between rebounding values, ultrasonic velocity values, rebounding-ultrasonic method values and concrete compression strength were set up by three kinds of functions’ regression analysis. The error analysis showed that the rebounding-ultrasonic non-destruction detecting testing method has higher precision results and the practical value.

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Brožovský, Jiří, Lenka Bodnárová, Rudolf Hela, Rostislav Drochytka, and Vlastimil Hela. "Evaluation of Degradation of Concrete Exposed to High Temperature by Means of Ultrasonic Pulse Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 284-287 (January 2013): 1315–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.284-287.1315.

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Ultrasonic pulse method is a non-destructive testing method used for testing materials. For concrete, it is used mostly for determination of dynamic elasticity modulus, compressive strength, homogeneity, to determine depth of cracks or as a supportive method for testing frost resistance. Applicability of using ultrasonic pulse method for evaluation of degradation of concrete exposed to high temperature was proved. This method is unambiguously utilizable for rationalization of experimental work focused on optimization of composition of concrete resistant to high temperatures. Ultrasonic pulse method can be also used for mapping the degree of degradation of concrete elements and structures, which can be measured by means of direct sounding. Appropriateness of the use of ultrasonic pulse method for evaluation of degradation of concrete exposed to high temperature was proved. This method is unambiguously applicable for rationalization of experimental work focused on optimization of composition of concrete resistant to high temperatures. Ultrasonic pulse method can be also used for mapping degree of degradation of concrete elements and structures, which can be measured by means of direct sounding.

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Zhou, Shao Lin, Feng Zhang, and Yuan Cao. "The Experimental Study of Ultrasonic Testing Prestressed Bellows Pore Grouting Quality." Applied Mechanics and Materials 711 (December 2014): 461–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.711.461.

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The ultrasonic method can be used for testing and analyzing the pore size of concrete. By studying the spectrum curves which is formed by ultrasonic transmitting at different thickness concrete panels can we get different time regular patterns of head waves formed by ultrasonic going through homogeneous concrete, compact grouting pore, grouting incompact pore, not grouting pore. All these provide a basis for predicting prestressed bellows pore grouting quality and judging whether there is interspace in pore. By artificially setting defects in bellows pore, for example, filling the pore to completely empty, 1/4 compact, 1/2 compact, 3/4 compact, fully compact and then embedding them in a concrete slab for ultrasonic testing. Test results show that the ultrasonic method can effectively evaluate the grouting quality of prestressed bellows pore.

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Snezgkov, D. Yu, and S. N. Leonovich. "MULTI-WAVE ULTRASONIC CONTROL OF CONCRETE." Science & Technique 16, no. 4 (July 6, 2017): 289–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2227-1031-2017-16-4-289-297.

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The existing non-destructive testing system of structure concrete is actually orientated on the usage of longitudinal acoustical waves. This is due to simplicity of technical realization for measuring velocity (time) of acoustical pulse propagation in bulk concrete. But a reverse side of simple measuring procedure is a loss of additional information on concrete which is contained in the accepted acoustical signal. Therefore usage of an ultrasonic concrete testing method is limited by assessment of its strength. Joint usage of several wave types, so-called multi-wave testing, allows to refine metrology parameters of the ultrasonic method and to gain more information while determining physical and mechanical properties of concrete in laboratory and in situ conditions. The paper considers testing of elongated concrete elements and structures by an ultrasonic pulsing method on the basis of longitudinal subsurface and Rayleigh waves. It has been proposed to use methodology for time selection of wave components according to amplitude parameter and it has been applied for standard acoustical transformers with considerable reverberation time and not possessing spatial selectivity Basic principle of the proposed methodology is visual (according to oscillogram of the received signal) determination of characteristic time moments which are used for calculation of differential value of a propagation velocity in the Rayleigh wave impulse. The paper presents results pertaining to simulation of acoustical pulse propagation on the basis of 0.15 m and data of concrete ultrasonic in situ testing on measuring bases from 0.25 to 1.75 m. Advantage of large baseline for sonic test is a possibility for execution of a hundred percent inspection for surface of large-sized elements and structures, and so there is no need to make a selective inspection in some control areas as it is stipulated by provided by existing regulations. Responsivity of the Rayleigh wave parameters to near surface concrete defects permits quickly and efficiently to detect crack areas in a reinforced structure. Energy localization of a surface wave in a layer having width λ/2–λ provides a possibility to ignore reinforcement availability under appropriate selection of oscillation frequency. In addition to this, large measuring baseline makes it possible to lower effect of concrete structural inhomogeneity on statistical stability for pulse velocity assessment that ultimately reveals a possibility to register an appearance of concrete acoustical elasticity effect under in situ conditions.

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Mohammad, Iqbal Khan. "Non-Destructive Testing for Concrete: Dynamic Modulus and Ultrasonic Velocity Measurements." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 165–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.165.

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Nondestructive testing (NDT) is a technique to determine the integrity of a material, component or structure. The commonly NDT methods used for the concrete are dynamic modulus of elasticity and ultrasonic pulse velocity. The dynamic modulus of elasticity of concrete is related to the structural stiffness and deformation process of concrete structures, and is highly sensitive to the cracking. The velocity of ultrasonic pulses travelling in a solid material depends on the density and elastic properties of that material. Non-destructive testing namely, dynamic modulus of elasticity and ultrasonic pulse velocity was measured for high strength concrete incorporating cementitious composites. Results of dynamic modulus of elasticity and ultrasonic pulse velocity are reported and their relationships with compressive strength are presented. It has been found that NDT is reasonably good and reliable tool to measure the property of concrete which also gives the fair indication of the compressive strength development.

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Xu, Juncai, and Hai Wei. "Ultrasonic Testing Analysis of Concrete Structure Based on S Transform." Shock and Vibration 2019 (October 8, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2693141.

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Ultrasonic testing analysis is a crucial scientific component during the process and interpretation of the ultrasonic detection signal. Focusing on the ultrasonic testing characteristics, the time-invariant spectral analysis method cannot meet the processing requirements of the detection signal fully. Thus, S transform, the time-varying analysis method, was introduced into the ultrasonic testing data processing of the concrete structure. The acoustic wave phase velocity was derived based on the spectrum analysis, and the S transform time-frequency analysis method was established. Finally, based on the method of concrete experimental data set, studies show that the frequency energy spectrum with S transform can realize flexible and effective identification of defects in the concrete structure. Definitely, this analysis method can significantly improve the resolution and practicality of ultrasonic testing.

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Matysík, Michal, Ladislav Carbol, Zdenek Chobola, Richard Dvořák, and Iveta Plšková. "Comparison of Ultrasonic Methods for Thermally Damaged Concrete Nondestructive Testing." Key Engineering Materials 776 (August 2018): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.776.86.

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Behaviour of concrete under elevated temperatures is very complex. There is a change of mechanical and physical parameters with temperature. In this paper we study the relations of thermal damage processes in concrete and parameters obtained by different ultrasonic methods. The concrete specimens were heated in programmable laboratory furnace. Selected temperature (200°C, 400°C, 600°C, 800°C, 1000°C and 1200°C) were maintained for 60 minutes. The first ultrasonic measurement technique in this paper was Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity method. The pulse velocity in a concrete depends on its density and its elastic properties. Therefore, it is possible to deduce the quality and the compressive strength of the concrete from the ultrasonic pulse velocity. The second ultrasonic measurement technique in this paper uses broadband pulse-compression signal, with variable amplitude to measure the change of fundamental frequency. This method is based on Nonlinear Elastic Wave Spectroscopy. Nonlinear Elastic Wave Spectroscopy methods takes advantage of the fact, that nonlinearities in material manifest themselves as a resonant frequency shifts and harmonics or dumping coefficients changes. The progress of nondestructive testing parameters was confirmed by results from the destructive tests.

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Zou, Zhong Quan, Xu Wang, and Zhi Mei Wang. "Application of Ultrasonic Testing in Concrete Filled Steel Tubular Arch Bridge." Advanced Materials Research 639-640 (January 2013): 1025–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.639-640.1025.

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Concrete Filled Steel Tube(CFST) is widely used in civil engineering structures because of its superior mechanical performance. Yet the mechanical behavior of CFST is highly depended on the construction quality of the filled concrete. Hence it is very important for the inspection of the construction quality of the filled concrete in CFST structures. In this paper, the ultrasonic testing technique was used to detect the defect of the filled concrete of a CFST arch bridge. During the inspection, the ultrasonic transducer was moved along the circumference of the cross-section of the arch, and the defect of the concrete was comprehensively judged by detecting the change of sonic time, sonic amplitude and sonic frequency. Based on the analysis of the ultrasonic transmission path, the influences of different defects on the sonic time, sonic amplitude and sonic frequency were discussed. The detecting results were verified by core-drilling method. The verification showed that different kinds of defects defected by ultrasonic testing was in good accordance with the drilling samples, which demonstrates the adaptability of the ultrasonic detection technique in the construction quality inspection of CFST structures.

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Nie, Zhichao, Kui Wang, and Mingjie Zhao. "Application of Wavelet and EEMD Joint Denoising in Nonlinear Ultrasonic Testing of Concrete." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2018 (2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7872036.

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The health state of concrete is deteriorating during its service. Nonlinear ultrasonic detection based on the amplitude of the fundamental and the second harmonic is considered to be a powerful tool for the discovery of the microcrack in concrete. However, the research on processing the nonlinear ultrasonic signal is still insufficient. In order to highlight the real frequency domain components in the nonlinear ultrasonic signal, wavelet and ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) were joined to denoise the numerical and measured signal. The optimal wavelet base and the decomposition level were determined by the signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). Then, the wavelet threshold denoising signal was decomposed by EEMD, omitting the high-frequency components and ultimately achieving the desired denoising effect. The denoising result of the test signals demonstrates that this method is effective in denoising the details of the ultrasonic signal and improving the reliability and adaptability of the nonlinear ultrasonic testing. In this experiment, the concrete with the microcrack was tested by linear and nonlinear ultrasonic methods. Based on the variation regularity of the nonlinear ultrasonic coefficient β and velocity v, we can conclude that the nonlinear ultrasonic parameter β is more sensitive to the microcrack in concrete than the traditional wave velocity v. The nonlinear ultrasonic testing can be an important supplement to the current nondestructive testing technique of the concrete.

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Fan, Ying Fang, Zhi Qiang Hu, and Jiang Lin Liu. "Application of Ultrasonic Wave Technology to Evaluate the Corrosion Depth of Concrete in Acid Rain Environment." Advanced Materials Research 129-131 (August 2010): 128–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.129-131.128.

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Deterioration of concrete exposed to acid rain environment will take a significant effect on the load carrying capacity and durability of the concrete structures. To evaluate the corrosion depth of concrete in acid rain environment, an experimental study was performed with ultrasonic wave technology in the laboratory. In the experiment, sulfate and nitric acid solutions are mixed to simulate the 3 pH levels (pH 3.5, pH 2.5 and pH 1.5) acid rain environments respectively. After being exposed to the simulated acid rain solutions for certain periods, a series of tests (including ultrasonic nondestructive test, Computerized Tomography (CT) test, compressive tests, etc.) were conducted. Damage depth, mass loss, axial compressive strength, and meso-structure of the concrete specimen under different corrosion state were achieved. It was shown that ultrasonic testing is a reliable nondestructive method to measure the damage depth of concrete. A bilinear regression model is proposed to predict the damage depth of concrete, which is in good correlation with testing results from both ultrasonic testing and CT test.

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Liu, Lin, and Wen Zhao. "Large Ranging of Ultrasonic Testing Inspection Internal Defects of Mass Concrete Structure." Applied Mechanics and Materials 357-360 (August 2013): 1492–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.357-360.1492.

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The ranging greater than 3m is not accorded with china engineering construction standardization association standard TECHNOLOGICAL SPECIFICATION FOR INSPECTION OF CONCRETE DEFECTS BY ULTRASONIC METHOD[CECS 21:200 (Transducer spacing is 2~3m). This paper studied large ranging of ultrasonic test mass concrete structure, and analyzed a project instance that was inspected the internal defects of mass concrete structures with various test methods, compared of those results. As detection is shown, first, with the test distance increased to 5.1m, the velocity of sound shows a linear trend of continuous development trend. Second, responds to improve of concrete strength, the velocity of sound increases, but not shows a linear trend. In addition, with the test distance increasing, concrete strength increases, but the velocity is down. A large ranging of ultrasonic test method was developed based on these observations.

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Tao, Rui Feng. "Research on Architecture Material Strength Measurement System Based on Ultrasonic Sensor Array." Applied Mechanics and Materials 680 (October 2014): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.680.115.

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The ultrasonic sensor array based on building material strength measurement system design method was proposed in order to solve the traditional reinforced concrete structure strength testing system is complicated measurement problem. The system through the design based on the sensor array architecture signal acquisition hardware module to the building materials ultrasonic echo for acquisition,software design,acquisition reinforced concrete structure ultrasonic information parameters,calculate building materials strength performance.System testing results show that the system improves the reinforced concrete structure strength performance measurement accuracy.

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Kim, Jee Sang, and Kyung Suk Yoo. "Ultrasonic Testing of Lightweight Fine Aggregate Concrete in Time and Frequency Domains." Applied Mechanics and Materials 357-360 (August 2013): 655–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.357-360.655.

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Non-destructive techniques (NDT) have been used to assess the condition of existing concrete structures, to predict future performance, and to monitor the conditions of repaired systems and so on. One of the widely known NDT is the ultrasonic pulse velocity (USPV) method, which determines the travel time of the ultrasonic pulse through the tested material. Most studies were focused on the results expressed in time domain. However, the signal of ultrasonic pulse in time domain can be transformed into frequency domain, through Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). This paper shows a comparison of changes in the pulse velocity and frequency domain signals of concrete for various load histories using lightweight fine aggregates. The results demonstrate that the signals in frequency domain of ultrasonic pulse of lightweight fine aggregate concrete does not show any significant difference comparing with those of normal concrete. The reduction trend of peak frequency was found to be more influenced by the stress levels rather than the ultrasonic pulse velocity.

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Shang, Huai-shuai, Ting-hua Yi, and Xing-xing Guo. "Study on Strength and Ultrasonic Velocity of Air-Entrained Concrete and Plain Concrete in Cold Environment." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/706986.

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Nondestructive testing technology is essential in the quality inspection of repair, alteration, and renovation of the existing engineering, especially for concrete structure in severe environment. The objective of this work is to deal with the behavior of ultrasonic velocity and mechanical properties of plain concrete and air-entrained concrete subjected to freeze-thaw cycles (F-T-C). The ultrasonic velocity and mechanical properties (tensile strength, compressive strength, cubic compressive strength, and splitting strength) of C30 air-entrained concrete and plain concrete with different water-cement ratio (water-cement ratio was 0.55, 0.45, and 0.50, resp.) after F-T cycles were measured. The influences of F-T cycles on ultrasonic velocity and mechanical properties of C30 air-entrained concrete and plain concrete were analyzed. And the relationship between mechanical properties and ultrasonic velocity was established. The experimental results can be useful for the design of new concrete structure, maintenance and life prediction of existing concrete structure such as offshore platform and concrete dock wall.

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Brigante, Michele, and Mariano Modano. "Theoretical Models and Experimental Techniques in Nondestructive Evaluation of Concrete." Key Engineering Materials 293-294 (September 2005): 207–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.293-294.207.

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When evaluating concrete strength, common opinion is that adequate precisions can be achieved only by a particular or even total destruction. However, such methods are not always applied, besides they are very laborious. The NDE methods have a number of merits, when compared with destructive ones: a possibility to find cracks and hidden flaws in concrete; besides, they show good results in testing materials of other types, such as metals and composites. At the same time, application of NDE methods to concretes is difficult because of their complex internal structure. No existing theory can predict these properties of the transmitted wave. Therefore, the main goal of the present work is to propose a theoretical model enabling the wave penetration of ultrasonic wave through a medium with multiple internal obstacles to be described adequately. Practical applications of this ultrasonic method is toward the evaluation of mechanical properties of concrete, where the influence of internal dislocations, such as pores and cracks, is of significant importance.

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Li, Hongbo, Hao Sun, Juncang Tian, Qiuning Yang, and Qingqing Wan. "Mechanical and Ultrasonic Testing of Self-Compacting Concrete." Energies 12, no. 11 (June 8, 2019): 2187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12112187.

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Based on the urban shantytown renovation project in Hongguang Town, Helan County, Ningxia, in Northwest China, the influence of fly ash and silica fume admixture on the mechanical properties of Self-compacting Concrete (SCC) was tested and analyzed in this work. The experimental tests including compressive strength, splitting strength, triaxial strength and an ultrasonic nondestructive test. Furthermore, the Back Propagation (BP) neural network algorithms were established. The results show that there is an obvious difference between the development law of compressive strength of SCC and that of ordinary concrete. The splitting pressure ratio of SCC is 1/10 to 1/8, while that of ordinary concrete is 1/13 to 1/10. Moreover, the peak strain, peak stress and initial stiffness of SCC increase with the increase of the confining pressure when compressed from three directions. In addition, the ultrasonic amplitude of SCC can reflect the changing laws of its compressive strength. As a conclusion, the addition of fly ash and silica fume increases the splitting pressure ratio of SCC. More importantly, the compressive strength formula for SCC with silica fume and a low content of fly ash is proposed, and the model equation between the amplitude and compressive strength is given. This study provides a reference for the mixture ratio of fly ash and silica fume in the application of SCC.

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Gonçalves, Raquel, Milton Giacon Júnior, and Igor M. Lopes. "Determining the concrete stiffness matrix through ultrasonic testing." Engenharia Agrícola 31, no. 3 (June 2011): 427–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-69162011000300003.

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The determination of the modulus tangent (Eci ) and of the modulus secant (Ecs) of the concrete can be done using compression test but, to be simpler, it is used relations with characteristic strength (f ck). Relations are also used to determine the transversal modulus (Gc) and, in the case of the Poisson's ratio (ν), a fixed value 0.20 is established. The objective of this research was to evaluate the use of the ultrasonic propagation waves to determine these properties. For the tests were used specimens with f ck varying from 10 to 35 MPa. For the ultrasonic tests were used cylindrical and cubic specimens. The modulus of deformation obtained by ultrasound was statistically equivalent to the obtained by compression tests. The results of modules obtained using the relations with f ck was far away from those obtained by ultrasound or by compression tests. The Poisson's ratio obtained by ultrasound was superior to the fixed value. We can conclude that the concrete characterization by ultrasound is consistent and, to this characterization the cylindrical specimen, normally used to determine f ck, can be used.

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del Rı́o, L. M., A. Jiménez, F. López, F. J. Rosa, M. M. Rufo, and J. M. Paniagua. "Characterization and hardening of concrete with ultrasonic testing." Ultrasonics 42, no. 1-9 (April 2004): 527–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultras.2004.01.053.

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Weerapol and Namboonruang. "The Concrete Testing by Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV)." MATEC Web of Conferences 61 (2016): 05017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/20166105017.

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Mitchell, M. R., R. E. Link, Christina Stergiopoulou, Richard H. McCuen, and M. Sherif Aggour. "Ultrasonic Testing of Concrete Structures Using Indirect Transmission." Journal of Testing and Evaluation 36, no. 2 (2008): 101158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jte101158.

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Ohta, K., T. Watanabe, Y. Jinzhong, T. Daji, and C. Henghui. "Low frequency ultrasonic probe for testing concrete structure." NDT & E International 25, no. 3 (1992): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0963-8695(92)90439-n.

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Sztukiewicz, R. "Application of ultrasonic methods in asphalt concrete testing." Ultrasonics 29, no. 1 (January 1991): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0041-624x(91)90002-p.

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Sztukiewicz, R. J. "Application of ultrasonic methods in asphalt concrete testing." Ultrasonics 29, no. 1 (January 1991): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0041-624x(91)90167-7.

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Loseva, E. S., A. I. Potapov, and A. I. Osokin. "Ultrasonic testing of concrete hardening in pile foundations." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1728 (January 2021): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1728/1/012011.

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Ibrahim, Yasser E., Nabil Al-Akhras, and Walid Al-Kutti. "Destructive and Nondestructive Testing on Silica Fume Concrete." Advanced Materials Research 919-921 (April 2014): 1890–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.919-921.1890.

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Factors such as poor design, bad workmanship and a harsh environment can combine to cause deterioration within a concrete structure leading to visually unacceptable surface cracking or spalling of concrete cover [. In aggressive environments, corrosion of steel reinforcing bars is responsible for major deteriorations in concrete structures. Reduction in bar diameter leads to a lower resistance, which can result in brittle failure of the bar. Initiation and progression of reinforcing steel corrosion can lead to progressive weakening of the structure due to damage accumulation over a period of time, or in sudden catastrophic failures, such as the Berlin Congress Hall, a parking garage in Minnesota [. Antonaci et al. [ conducted an experimental study on different concrete cylinders damaged in compression followed by means of linear and nonlinear ultrasonic methods. Arndt et al. [ tested a concrete slab representing typical bridge decks in order to evaluate the ability of NDT methods to detect different phases of corrosion progression in concrete. Reinforced concrete beam-shaped samples were tested by Aveldano and Ortega [ in order to characterize concrete cracking due to reinforcing corrosion under different environments. Shah and Ribakov [ performed nonlinear ultrasonic testing of cubic concrete specimens with different frequency transducers. Al-Amoudi et al. [ investgated the relatioship between compressive strength of ordinary concrete and blended cement concrete with durability propeties of concrete samples and conculded that the addition of blended cement will improve the performance of concrete in ressiting corrosion of reinforcement. The main objective of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of using nondestructive testing to assess the performance of different types of concrete such as OPC and SFC. Also, to correlate different types of nondestructive testing and to investigate the possibility of capturing the occurrence of corrosion in reinforcing bars in concrete.

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Kencanawati, Ni Nyoman, Jauhar Fajrin, Buan Anshari, Akmaluddin, and Mitsuhiro Shigeishi. "Evaluation of High Grade Recycled Coarse Aggregate Concrete Quality Using Non-Destructive Testing Technique." Applied Mechanics and Materials 776 (July 2015): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.776.53.

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A large amount of waste concrete generates an environmental problem due to demolition of old concrete structures. To solve this problem, it is necessary to collect recycled aggregate from waste concrete. The conventional recycling technique of recycled aggregate from waste concrete does not indicate a significant quality to be re-used for making a new concrete. We proposed new techniques to produce high grade recycled aggregate by heating-grinding (H-G) method and heating-grinding-acid (H-G-A) method. To ensure the quality of the concrete made from recycled coarse aggregate concrete, the non-destructive evaluation was conducted in this research. High grade recycled aggregate concrete were prepared in advanced using two methods mentioned earlier. Then, new concrete specimens were produced using those types of recycled aggregate concrete. After 28 days curing time, rebound hammer test and ultrasonic pulse velocity test were performed on recycled coarse aggregate concrete to examine the surface hardness and ultrasonic wave velocity of the concrete. Almost similar quality to natural coarse aggregate in terms of density, water absorption, sieve analysis achieved by both H-G recycled coarse aggregate and H-G-A recycled coarse aggregate. However, the surface hardness and ultrasonic wave velocity of H-G-A recycled coarse aggregate concrete is better than those of H-G recycled coarse aggregate concrete. That acid solvent enables to dismantle the cement paste from aggregate surface more effectively, so this types of recycled aggregate shows a better performance than the other one. Continued delamination reduces pores in the interfacial transition zone resulting better bonding mechanism between new cement paste and recycled aggregate surface.

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Oh, Bo Hwan, Hong C. Rhim, and Hyo Seon Park. "Effect of Confining Pressure on Modeling High Early Strength Concrete under Uniaxial Loading." Key Engineering Materials 321-323 (October 2006): 367–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.321-323.367.

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Better understanding of concrete behavior is beneficial to the determination of concrete strength and detection of cracking using nondestructive testing techniques such as ultrasonic and acoustic emission. For advanced nondestructive evaluation of high early strength concrete under triaxial compression loading, stress-strain relationship in axial as well as in radial directions needs to be described in explicit form. This paper presents empirical models developed for high early strength concrete under active confinement to explore the effect of confining pressure. Empirical model for axial stress-strain relationship is determined first. Transverse deformation model is automatically generated from the given axial stress-strain model using plastic strain rate. Parameters used in the model are identified and their recommended values are provided. Compressive strength of 24 MPa and 45 MPa concretes are considered along with four different levels of confining pressures.

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Zheng, Yi, Xue Bin Jia, Ke Chao Zhang, Jian Zhang Chen, and Peng Wang. "Analysis and Experimental Study of Concrete Strength Detection." Applied Mechanics and Materials 351-352 (August 2013): 1289–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.351-352.1289.

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Structural concrete strength rapid detection methods were analyzed, which mainly include Rebound Method, Ultrasonic-rebound Combined Method, Dirlled Core Method, Pull-Out Method. Technical characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of each method were compared and analyzed. Application of each method was analyzed. Based on current detection technical specification, ultrasonic-rebound combined method for testing concrete strength was analyzed. Actual concrete bridge as a platform for a comparative test, ultrasonic-rebound combined method test was carried out. Problems were put forward and recommendation was made through discussion.

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Bolborea, Bogdan, Sorin Dan, Claudiu Matei, Aurelian Gruin, Cornelia Baeră, and Ion Aurel Perianu. "Estimating the Concrete Compressive Strength by Using the Concrete Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity and Moduli of Elasticity." Advanced Materials Research 1164 (June 23, 2021): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1164.77.

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Developing a non-destructive method which delivers fast, accurate and non-invasive results regarding the concrete compressive strength, is an important issue, currently investigated by many researchers all over the world. Different methodologies, like using the simple non-destructive testing (NDT) or the fusion of different techniques approach, were taken into consideration in order to find the optimal, most suitable method. The purpose of this paper is to present a new approach in this direction. The methodology consists in predicting the concrete compressive strength through ultrasonic testing, for non-destructive determination of the dynamic and static moduli of elasticity. One important, basic assumption of the proposed methodology considers values provided by technical literature for concrete dynamic Poisson’s coefficient. The air-dry density was experimentally determined on concrete cores. The dynamic modulus of elasticity was also experimentally determined by using the ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) method on concrete cores. Further on, the static modulus of elasticity and the concrete compressive strength can be mathematically calculated, by using the previously mentioned parameters. The experimental procedures were performed on concrete specimens, namely concrete cores extracted from the raft foundation of a multistorey building; initially they were subjected to the specific NDT, namely ultrasonic testing, and the validation of the results and the proposed methodology derives from the destructive testing of the specimens. The destructive testing is generally recognized as the most trustable method. The precision of the proposed method, established with respect to the destructive testing, revealed a high level of confidence, exceeding 90% (as mean value). It was noticed that even the cores with compressive strength outside of mean range interval (minimum and maximum values) presented high rate of precision, not influencing the overall result. The high rate of accuracy makes this method a suitable research background for further investigations, in order to establish a reliable NDT methodology which could substitute the very invasive and less convenient, destructive method.

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Loan Ngo, Tu Quynh, and Yu-Ren Wang. "Using Support Vector Machine to Improve Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity Test for Concrete." MATEC Web of Conferences 207 (2018): 01001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201820701001.

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In the construction industry, to evaluate the compressive strength of concrete, destructive and non-destructive testing methods are used. Non-destructive testing methods are preferable due to the fact that those methods do not destroy concrete samples. However, they usually give larger percentage of error than using destructive tests. Among the non-destructive testing methods, the ultrasonic pulse velocity test is the popular one because it is economic and very simple in operation. Using the ultrasonic pulse velocity test gives 20% MAPE more than using destructive tests. This paper aims to improve the ultrasonic pulse velocity test results in estimating the compressive strength of concrete using the help of artificial intelligent. To establish a better prediction model for the ultrasonic pulse velocity test, data collected from 312 cylinder of concrete samples are used to develop and validate the model. The research results provide valuable information when using the ultrasonic pulse velocity tests to the inputs data in addition with support vector machine by learning algorithms, and the actual compressive strengths are set as the target output data to train the model. The results show that both MAPEs for the linear and nonlinear regression models are 11.17% and 17.66% respectively. The MAPE for the support vector machine models is 11.02%. These research results can provide valuable information when using the ultrasonic pulse velocity test to estimate the compressive strength of concrete.

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Ongpeng, Jason Maximino C., Andres Winston C. Oreta, and Sohichi Hirose. "Contact and Noncontact Ultrasonic Nondestructive Test in Reinforced Concrete Beam." Advances in Civil Engineering 2018 (November 1, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5783175.

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Contact-type ultrasonic test is commonly used in construction industry where gel-couplant is applied to the material being tested and the transducers to assure that wave propagation will travel through without any air gaps. However, this method has disadvantages, since surface preparation is considered prior to testing. Another method of testing without the worry of air gaps that causes scattering of waves before it reaches the medium is the use of the noncontact ultrasonic test. In particular, the air-coupled ultrasonic test is done in this paper for reinforced concrete beams. Sixteen plain concrete cube specimens under the compression test and six reinforced concrete beam specimens under the four-point bending test are made with water-cement ratio of 40% and 60%. The plain concrete cubes are investigated to establish the relationship of the contact ultrasonic test and load. Added parameters are considered to investigate the sensitivity of the contact and noncontact ultrasonic test in reinforced concrete beams. These are ultrasonic wave path and the neutral axis index. It shows that the higher water-cement ratio produces good sensitivity in the noncontact ultrasonic test, since it produces more cracks on the tension face. Lower water-cement ratio gives good sensitivity with load for the contact ultrasonic test, since it has its ultrasonic wave path passing through the concrete experiencing compression. In addition, the neutral axis index for a member subjected to bending is an important factor in assessing the sensitivity of both contact and noncontact ultrasonic test.

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Pazdera, Lubos, Libor Topolar, Jaroslav Smutny, and Kristyna Timcakova. "Nondestructive Testing of Advanced Concrete Structure during Lifetime." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/286469.

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The paper reports on measurements and analysis of the measurements during hardening and drying of specimens using selected acoustic nondestructive testing techniques. An integrated approach was created for better understanding of the relations between the lifetime cycle and the development of the mechanical properties of concrete. Acoustic emission, impact echo, and ultrasonic techniques were applied simultaneously to the same mixtures. These techniques and results are presented on alkali-activated slag mortars. The acoustic emission method detects transient elastic waves within the material, caused by the release of cumulated stress energy, which can be mechanical, thermal, or chemical. Hence, the cause is a phenomenon which releases elastic energy into the material, which then spreads in the form of an elastic wave. The impact echo method is based on physical laws of elastic stress wave propagation in solids generated by mechanical impulse. Ultrasonic testing is commonly used to find flaws in materials or to assess wave velocity spreading.

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Gao, Bai Feng, Hui Jian Li, and Li Xin Zhang. "A Combined Ultrasonic Wave Nondestructive Testing Technique for Defect Detection in Concrete." Advanced Materials Research 41-42 (April 2008): 297–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.41-42.297.

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We describe the design and construction about the Ultrasonic method to determine the defects in concrete structure. The wave velocity and its energy are different when it transfers in the concrete material with various defects. The defects can then be detected according to the relative wave velocity and energy variations in concrete material. In the present paper, two methods contain both the wavelet analysis and the nerve network used to determine the relative wave energy change in concrete, and then we will evaluate the defects in material by energy change. The result shows that the present method can give an accurate measurement for the defects in concrete structure.

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Gress, David L., and Ronald L. Kozikowski. "Accelerated Alkali-Silica Reactivity Testing of Recycled Concrete Pavement." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1698, no. 1 (January 2000): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1698-01.

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Techniques and procedures are investigated for assessing the alkali–silica reactivity (ASR) expansion potential of concrete that was made from recycled concrete aggregate, was known to have ASR, or was capable of ASR under conditions of increased alkalinity. Laboratory tests included evaluating prisms characterized by variable surface-to-volume ratios, increased temperature, microwave energy, increased alkali content, and ultrasonic energy. Standard 280-mm (11-in.) prisms with 76.2-mm (3-in.) faces, which were cast with four 6.35-mm (0.5-in.) parallel longitudinal holes, were shown to accelerate ASR and to lower the coefficient of variation of the expansion data. The expansions of 76.2-mm (3-in.) concrete cubes were found to be greatly accelerated, compared with standard prisms. Concrete prisms were subjected to AASHTO T303 and ASTM 1293 conditions and were compared to modified versions of the same tests. Modified AASHTO T303 and modified ASTM 1293 conditions were found to effectively accelerate ASR in concrete prisms cast with holes. Prisms that were sealed in evacuated plastic bags with water were found to effectively accelerate ASR expansion. Testing to date has eliminated the use of ultrasonic energy because it was shown to have no effect on ASR acceleration.

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Moczko, Andrzej, and Marta Moczko. "In-situ examination of the concrete quality European standard approach." MATEC Web of Conferences 196 (2018): 02045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819602045.

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The paper presents overview of European standard procedures related to determining concrete quality basing on the in-situ testing. Among other things following testing methods have been discussed: testing cored specimens, rebound measurements, “pull-out” method, “pull-off” method, ultrasonic pulse velocity measurements. Testing conditions, guidelines for calibration and crucial requirement for proper interpretation of the data obtained by means of rebound and ultrasonic measurements were shown. Independently “pull-out” and “pull-off” NDT methods have been introduced. Finally, the European procedures of assessment of in-situ concrete compressive strength in structures have been also presented.

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YOSHIDA, Hidenori, Keisuke TAKAHASHI, and Koji SAKAI. "DETERMINATION OF CRACK DEPTH IN CONCRETE BY ULTRASONIC TESTING." Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshu, no. 732 (2003): 121–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscej.2003.732_121.

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Prassianakis, I. N., and N. I. Prassianakis. "Ultrasonic testing of non-metallic materials: concrete and marble." Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics 42, no. 2 (November 2004): 191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tafmec.2004.08.007.

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Imoto, Kanji, Koji Ohta, and Takeharu Watanabe. "Low‐frequency search unit for ultrasonic testing of concrete." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 84, S1 (November 1988): S72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2026453.

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Hatanaka, Hiroaki, Yutaka Kawano, Nobukazu Ido, Masahiro Hato, and Minoru Tagami. "Ultrasonic testing with advanced signal processing for concrete structures." Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation 20, no. 2 (June 2005): 115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10589750500181084.

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Chung, H. W. "Ultrasonic testing of concrete after exposure to high temperatures." NDT International 18, no. 5 (October 1985): 275–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-9126(85)90007-0.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Concrete Concrete Ultrasonic testing'

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