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1
Chulkov, Vitaliy, and Myhammet Fachratov. "Construction waste processing management and demolition of five-storey apartment blocks in Moscow." MATEC Web of Conferences 193 (2018): 05008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819305008.
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Data on waste processing management is presented in the article. Processing of scrap concrete waste, which is similar to traditional raw materials in composition and condition, is economically and ecologically feasible. The research suggests that concrete with scrap concrete waste shows strength properties similar to primary concrete and helps organizing waste-free production.
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Pashoutani, Sepehr, and Jinying Zhu. "Ground Penetrating Radar Data Processing for Concrete Bridge Deck Evaluation." Journal of Bridge Engineering 25, no. 7 (2020): 04020030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)be.1943-5592.0001566.
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Zhang, Lei, Yi Liu, Bingqi Li, Guoxin Zhang, and Songtao Zhang. "Study on Real-Time Simulation Analysis and Inverse Analysis System for Temperature and Stress of Concrete Dam." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/306165.
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In the concrete dam construction, it is very necessary to strengthen the real-time monitoring and scientific management of concrete temperature control. This paper constructs the analysis and inverse analysis system of temperature stress simulation, which is based on various useful data collected in real time in the process of concrete construction. The system can produce automatically data file of temperature and stress calculation and then achieve the remote real-time simulation calculation of temperature stress by using high performance computing techniques, so the inverse analysis can be carried out based on a basis of monitoring data in the database; it fulfills the automatic feedback calculation according to the error requirement and generates the corresponding curve and chart after the automatic processing and analysis of corresponding results. The system realizes the automation and intellectualization of complex data analysis and preparation work in simulation process and complex data adjustment in the inverse analysis process, which can facilitate the real-time tracking simulation and feedback analysis of concrete temperature stress in construction process and enable you to discover problems timely, take measures timely, and adjust construction scheme and can well instruct you how to ensure project quality.
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Osipov, S. N., and V. M. Chik. "On Stochastic Approach to Evaluation of Service Life for Reinforced Concrete Constructional Elements and Structures during Concrete Carbonization." Science & Technique 19, no. 3 (2020): 241–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2227-1031-2020-19-3-241-251.
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The currently existing deterministic models for determination of structure service life do not take into account to the full extent variety of factors that have an effect on them and also stochastic characteristics of the used natural materials and conditions for manufacturing construction products, possible errors during the process of designing and construction etc. More trustworthy approach determining longevity and growth rate of destruction processes for structures in future periods can be obtained with the help of statistic methods that take into account a probabilistic essence of the process. The paper presents a possible approach of the probabilistic analysis on reinforced concrete structure service life while assessing rates of variation in depth growth of carbonization in a concrete protective layer on the basis of the existing experimental and calculated data pertaining to changes of the given index in reinforced concrete structures of various types. Variability of the existing approaches for determination of structure longevity as a whole has been shown firstly due to various number of basic vаriables used in calculations. Stochastic processing of the data on parameters of carbonization depth in the concrete protective layer has been carried out and this processing has made it possible to determine variation rates which allow to assess the presupposed service life of reinforced concrete structures having similar characteristics and being operated under analogous conditions. A definitive non-uniformity in statistic indices has been established that testifies about the necessity to increase accumulation of data on the investigated characteristics and to execute its processing more thoroughly. An expedience in usage of a concrete impermeability as a main factor determining its longevity has been established on the basis of statistical assessment of the existing data.
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Sasovsky, T. А., I. V. Chorna, S. V. Shalay, and O. M. Lysiak. "METHODS OF CELLULAR CONCRETE PRODUCTION USING FLY ASH." Bulletin of Odessa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, no. 82 (March 4, 2021): 114–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31650/2415-377x-2021-82-114-122.
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Abstract. An analysis of modern capital construction state shows that the material and technical base of the construction industry does not allow the production of effective building materials and products in the required quantity without due consideration of the economic burden on the environment, and now significant financial costs are required to restore the ecological balance of the natural zone. Power plant fly ash is a man-made raw material for many industries, which is utilized up to 92% in dry form and is of practical interest in the production of effective thermal insulation building materials and products as a filler and an aggregate. In view of the instability of the chemical and mineralogical composition, the content of raw fuel, as well as the pozzolanic activity, the study of the profitability of the production of pozzolanic cements and concretes based on them was carried out, with an increase in sulfate resistance, corrosion resistance of the aggregate while preventing thermal cracking. The expediency of autoclaved gas-ash-slag concretes production with the use of cement with high content of highly basic minerals ‒ alite and tricalcium aluminate is proved. The technology of obtaining ash-alkaline cellular concrete using ash-removal and alkaline component is given. The economic efficiency of cellular ash-containing concretes is justified by the replacement of sand with ash, a 1.2-1.5-fold reduction in lime consumption compared to lime-sand concrete and a reduction of approximately 2 times the capital costs for extraction and processing of raw materials. Comparative physical and mechanical parameters of autoclave and non-autoclave aerated concrete products are given. The process of manufacturing products by vibro-vacuuming and vibratory compaction of ash concrete is presented. The strength data of vacuum concrete are given, which are 30-40% higher than that of vibro- compacted concrete from a rigid mixture. The investigated value of shrinkage as a result of the water-reducing effect of ash, provides a decrease in the water-cement ratio of concrete. Autoclaved and non-autoclaved aerated concrete can compete with such an effective thermal insulation material as mineral wool. They are more effective materials for low-rise and frame housing construction than traditional brick and concrete.
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Erdélyi, Ján, Alojz Kopáčik, Ľubica Ilkovičová, Imrich Lipták, and Pavol Kajánek. "Monitoring of a concrete roof using terrestrial laser scanning." Geoinformatics FCE CTU 13 (December 21, 2014): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/gi.13.3.
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The paper deals with the geodetic monitoring of a parabolic shaped reinforced con-crete roof structure in the chemical company Duslo, Ltd. in Šaľa (Slovak Republic).The monitored structure is a part of the roof of a warehouse used for the storage offertilizer. The atmospheric conditions and the operation load caused deformationof the construction. For measurement was used the technology of terrestrial laserscanning. The displacements of the observed parts of the construction were cal-culated using planar surfaces by the procedure of Singular Value Decomposition ofmatrixes. The procedure of initial and 2 epochal measurements of deformations,the procedure of the data processing, and the results of the deformation monitoringare described.
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Shevchenko, Valentina A., Tatiyana Gennad'jevna Lebedeva, and Oleg Igorevich Pavlov. "Wall Materials Based on Industrial Waste." Key Engineering Materials 839 (April 2020): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.839.37.
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The data on obtaining construction compositions for the manufacture of wall products based on industrial waste, such as non-autoclaved foam concrete, dense ash and slag concrete and wood concrete are given. These types of concrete are made of local aggregates - by-products of the fuel and energy and wood processing industry and cementless ash-silica binder. It is shown that the compositions developed according to the main physic-mechanical characteristics comply with the requirements of the regulatory documents and can be recommended for the production of small-piece wall products
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Gardjito, Edy. "ROLE OF PROJECT RELATED PARTIES ON QUALITY CONTROL (CONCRETE STRUCTURE) AND ACHIEVEMENT OF PROJECT PERFORMANCE." UKaRsT 2, no. 1 (2018): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.30737/ukarst.v2i1.140.
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Activity related to structural concrete work is still often found the opportunity of quality deviation from implementation factor and supervision factor, especially if the requirement of the concrete volume of structure every day is big enough. With the above background, the researcher conducted the observation with the core study on ”The Role of Related Party Project on Quality Control (Concrete Structure) and Project Performance Achievement”. That is related to the quality control of concrete in the implementation of construction work and studies that focus on the assessment of achievement of construction project performance. For data analysis (data processing) that is qualitative data and quantitative data, researchers use help the method of Stepwise Regression. The result of this research is very positive influence of Concrete Quality Control factors and the role of project related party influence to the achievement of Construction Project Performance, that is proved by stepwise regression test and hypothesis test, where Quality Performance (Fi = 21,758 > Ft = 2,060), Time Performance (Fi = 14,950 > Ft = 4,496), Cost Performance (Fi = 15,379 > Ft = 4,496). For Quality Performance is shown : coefficient of determination or R square = 0,876, influencing variable is implementation aspect (x1), and aspects of human resources (x2), with Y1 = 0,285 + 0,148.x1 + 0,071.x2. Related to Time Performance : coefficient of determination or R square = 0.537, the variable that influences is monitoring time schedule (x1), with Y2 = 2,166 + 0,415.x1. Related to Cost Performance : coefficient of determination or R square = 0.481, the influencing variable is the acceleration of implementation (x1), with Y3 = -0.741 + 0.958.x1. So If the project organizers feel that these variables have been fulfilled, then the performance of the resulting construction project will be better too.Keywords :Stepwise Regression, Concrete Quality Control, Construction Project Performance, Quality Performance.
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Lu, Ming, Fei Dai, and Wu Chen. "Real-time decision support for planning concrete plant operations enabled by integrating vehicle tracking technology, simulation, and optimization algorithms." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 34, no. 8 (2007): 912–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l07-029.
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By integrating the vehicle tracking system, discrete-event simulation algorithm, and evolutionary optimization algorithm, we developed HKCONSIM-Realtime, a decision-support platform created specifically for handling ready-mixed concrete operations. This platform is capable of (1) tracking the positions of concrete trucks and monitoring the motion and status of concrete deliveries in real time, (2) transforming the tracking records into data that provide updated input to simulation, and (3) optimizing the operations and logistics of concrete production based on simulation of the production system using the most current data. This paper presents an overview of the design and development of (1) the hardware and software modules, (2) the data flow and processing throughout the system, and (3) the role of the system in providing interactive, effective support for the human operator to attain cost efficiency. Case studies are given to demonstrate the functionality and application of the prototype system. Key words: simulation, optimization, vehicle tracking, construction planning, ready-mixed concrete, Hong Kong.
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Belov, Sergey, Daria Zrelova, and Vladimir Korenkov. "Big Data and digital economy." System Analysis in Science and Education, no. 2 (2020) (June 30, 2020): 187–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.37005/2071-9612-2020-2-187-197.
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In this paper, Big Data is considered as an "umbrella" term that combines various concepts, technologies and methods of data processing in distributed information systems that provide a qualitatively new useful information (new knowledge). The stages of "standard" research in the Big Data approach are described. A brief description of the Big Data ecosystem, which consists of several main categories, is given. Various projects and initiatives at the national and international levels are considered, as well as examples of the use of Big Data in business, economy, and society. As concrete examples of the construction and use of analytical platforms for Big Data, successful socio-economic research carried out by the authors as part of research teams at the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics is presented. The Big data metaphor is certainly successful, since it naturally connects a complex of concepts, technologies and methods of Big data with the economy by hinting at a connection with other well-known metaphors –"Big oil", "Big ore", etc.
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Reiterer, Alexander, Katharina Wäschle, Dominik Störk, Achim Leydecker, and Niko Gitzen. "Fully Automated Segmentation of 2D and 3D Mobile Mapping Data for Reliable Modeling of Surface Structures Using Deep Learning." Remote Sensing 12, no. 16 (2020): 2530. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12162530.
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Maintenance and expansion of transport and communications infrastructure requires ongoing construction work on a large scale. To plan and execute these in the best possible way, up-to-date and highly detailed digital maps are needed. For example, until recently, telecommunication companies have performed documentation and mapping of as-built urban structures for construction work manually and with great time expense. Mobile mapping systems offer a solution for documenting urban environments fast and mostly automated. In consequence, large amounts of recorded data emerge in short time, creating the need for automated processing and modeling of these data to provide reliable foundations for digital planning in reasonable time. We present (a) a procedure for fully automated processing of mobile mapping data for digital construction planning in the context of nationwide broadband network expansion and (b) an in-depth study of the performance of this procedure on real-world data. Our multi-stage pipeline segments georeferenced images and fuses segmentations with 3D data, which allows exact localization of surfaces and objects, which can then be passed via interface, e.g., to a geographic information system (GIS). The final system is able to distinguish between similar looking surfaces, such as concrete and asphalt, with a precision between 80% and 95%, regardless of setting or season.
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Asadi, Pouria, Mayrai Gindy, Marco Alvarez, and Alireza Asadi. "A computer vision based rebar detection chain for automatic processing of concrete bridge deck GPR data." Automation in Construction 112 (April 2020): 103106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2020.103106.
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Khadykina, E. A., and Z. A. Meretukov. "Composite Material Based on Plant Raw Materials." Materials Science Forum 974 (December 2019): 406–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.974.406.
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Modern global trends show the preferred low-rise construction, even in large cities. Lightweight concrete is the most common material for low-rise construction. Existing lightweight concrete with the wood residues addition have several disadvantages due to the properties of the aggregate. In the southern regions of Russia, walnut grows in large quantities. Only a small part of the shell is processed, the rest is buried in the ground or burned. The proposed aggregate from crushed walnut shell has several advantages compared to the traditional natural organic fillers: low water demand and decay, high strength. The nutshell in the composition has sugars, which are the cement poisons, there are no data in the literature on the crushed shell technical characteristics. Thus, it is required to determine the crushed shell technical characteristics, to choose a processing method reducing the water-soluble sugars amount in the shell, to select the lightweight concrete composition, ensuring its optimal characteristics. The new kind of lightweight concrete will have characteristics different from existing analogues.
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Shuang-rui, Chen, Shi Zheng, and Yan Quan-sheng. "Concrete Crack Width Detecting System for Android Platform." Open Civil Engineering Journal 9, no. 1 (2015): 846–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874149501509010846.
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In order to measure crack width accurately and automatically, an Android-based Automatic Crack Width Measuring System (ACWMS) has been developed, taking advantage of the high portability of Android devices. After capturing the image using mobile phone camera, the image is processed by image processing techniques, including graying, binaryzation, denoising and edge recognition. A specified algorithm is executed to calculate the crack width according to the provided edge data. Measurements has been done to each of the 10 cracks in the same concrete beam, using Samsung Galaxy S3 mobile phone and WYSX-40X Crack detector, respectively. Test result shows that the maximum crack width accuracy reaches 95.26%, which satisfies the construction needs. Therefore, this system can greatly improve the efficiency and accuracy during crack width measurement.
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Aldosari, Mohammed, Abdulla Al-Rawabdeh, Darcy Bullock, and Ayman Habib. "A Mobile LiDAR for Monitoring Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls with Textured Precast Concrete Panels." Remote Sensing 12, no. 2 (2020): 306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12020306.
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Mechanically Stabilized Earth (MSE) walls retain soil on steep, unstable slopes with crest loads. Over the last decade, they are becoming quite popular due to their high cost-to-benefit ratio, design flexibility, and ease of construction. Like any civil infrastructure, MSE walls need to be continuously monitored according to transportation asset management criteria during and after the construction stage to ensure that their expected serviceability measures are met and to detect design and/or construction issues, which could lead to structural failure. Current approaches for monitoring MSE walls are mostly qualitative (e.g., visual inspection or examination). Besides being time consuming, visual inspection might have inconsistencies due to human subjectivity. This research focuses on a comprehensive strategy using a mobile LiDAR mapping System (MLS) for the acquisition and processing of point clouds covering the MSE wall. The processing strategy delivers a set of global and local performance measure for MSE walls. Moreover, it is also capable of handling MSE walls with smooth or textured panels with the latter being the focus of this research due to its more challenging nature. For this study, an ultra-high-accuracy wheel-based MLS has been developed to efficiently acquire reliable data conducive to the development of the serviceability measures. To illustrate the feasibility of the proposed acquisition/processing strategy, two case studies in this research have been conducted with the first one focusing on the comparative performance of static and mobile LiDAR in terms of the agreement of the derived serviceability measures. The second case study aims at illustrating the feasibility of the proposed strategy in handling large textured MSE walls. Results from both case studies confirm the potential of using MLS for efficient, economic, and reliable monitoring of MSE walls.
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Babikir Adam, Edriss Eisa, and Sathesh A. "Construction of Accurate Crack Identification on Concrete Structure using Hybrid Deep Learning Approach." Journal of Innovative Image Processing 3, no. 2 (2021): 85–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.36548/jiip.2021.2.002.
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In general, several conservative techniques are available for detecting cracks in concrete bridges but they have significant limitations, including low accuracy and efficiency. Due to the expansion of the neural network method, the performance of digital image processing based crack identification has recently diminished. Many single classifier approaches are used to detect the cracks with high accuracy. The classifiers are not concentrating on random fluctuation in the training dataset and also it reflects in the final output as an over-fitting phenomenon. Though this model contains many parameters to justify the training data, it fails in the residual variation. These residual variations are frequent in UAV recorded photos as well as many camera images. To reduce this challenge, a noise reduction technique is utilized along with an SVM classifier to reduce classification error. The proposed technique is more resourceful by performing classification via SVM approach, and further the feature extraction and network training has been implemented by using the CNN method. The captured digital images are processed by incorporating the bending test through reinforced concrete beams. Moreover, the proposed method is determining the widths of the crack by employing binary conversion in the captured images. The proposed model outperforms conservative techniques, single type classifiers, and image segmentation type process methods in terms of accuracy. The obtained results have proved that, the proposed hybrid method is more accurate and suitable for crack detection in concrete bridges especially in the unmanned environment.
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Wu, Ye, Wei Yong-xia, Xu Ming-xian, and Ye Lin-xiang. "Application of ground penetrating radar in concrete defect detection of sluice floor." E3S Web of Conferences 276 (2021): 02023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127602023.
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The defect investigation of sluice floor is an important measure to ensure the safe operation of the sluice. due to the traditional drilling methods will cause damage to the sluice floor, and the appearance inspection and compressive strength test can not evaluate the internal defects of reinforced concrete in the sluice floor. In this paper, we apply the ground penetrating radar(GPR) to the concrete quality inspection of a sluice gate in a seawall. And we describe the layout, detection principle and data processing flow of GPR. Then we simulate the propagation characteristics of radar electromagnetic wave in the presence of twodimensional electrical anomaly bodies by finite difference method. Through analyzing the amplitude, frequency and event characteristics of reflection wave shown in the gray map of GPR profiles, we determine the dividing line between concrete and muddy silty clay, finding out the density of steel in concrete, framing the location of construction joints and suspected water-filled gaps.
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Ren, Z. W., Yong Qi Wang, Zhen Yuan Jia, and X. J. Sheng. "An Accurate Digital Grinding Method on Inner Surface of Thin-Walled Rotary Part." Key Engineering Materials 329 (January 2007): 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.329.137.
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The physics performance of thin-walled rotary parts made of hard brittle material on high-speed aerocraft cannot meet the technical requirements after semi-finished processing, in order to compensate the physics performance, the wall thickness should be properly grinded based on the inner surface reference in the finish machining. A processing method consisted of measuring, calculating and grinding functions is investigated. The data of complex surface is obtained with trigger measuring technology, and the reconstructed profile is calculated with cubic polynomial approaching algorithm, which has fast and stable merits in suit with efficient machining. The grinding G program is generated according to the concrete construction of machining tool. This method has been verified by experiments.
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Grabke, Stefan, Felix Clauß, Kai-Uwe Bletzinger, Mark Alexander Ahrens, Peter Mark, and Roland Wüchner. "Damage Detection at a Reinforced Concrete Specimen with Coda Wave Interferometry." Materials 14, no. 17 (2021): 5013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14175013.
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Reinforced concrete is a widely used construction material in the building industry. With the increasing age of structures and higher loads there is an immense demand for structural health monitoring of built infrastructure. Coda wave interferometry is a possible candidate for damage detection in concrete whose applicability is demonstrated in this study. The technology is based on a correlation evaluation of two ultrasonic signals. In this study, two ways of processing the correlation data for damage detection are compared. The coda wave measurement data are obtained from a four-point bending test at a reinforced concrete specimen that is also instrumented with fibre optic strain measurements. The used ultrasonic signals have a central frequency of 60 kHz which is a significant difference to previous studies. The experiment shows that the coda wave interferometry has a high sensitivity for developing cracks and by solving an inverse problem even multiple cracks can be distinguished. A further specialty of this study is the use of finite elements for solving a diffusion problem which is needed to state the previously mentioned inverse problem for damage localization.
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Аль-Хаваф, А., A. Al'-Havaf, А. Никулин, and Aleksandr Nikulin. "DEFORMATION OF CENTRICALLY COMPRESSED REINFORCED CONCRETE COLUMNS WITH ADDITION OF CONCRETE RUBBLE AS COARSE AGGREGATE." Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University named after. V. G. Shukhov 4, no. 5 (2019): 66–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.34031/article_5cd6df46bad533.65326025.
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The article presents results of experimental studies of centrally compressed reinforced concrete columns with the addition of concrete rubble as coarse aggregate. Previous studies shows that recycled concrete in the form of crushed concrete rubble obtained from construction waste is an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional coarse aggregate for the manufacture of load-bearing structures. Currently, the scientific literature has a limited amount of information about the calculation methods to be used for the design of reinforced concrete columns with the addition of concrete rubble as coarse aggregate. In this paper, the experimental data on the physicomechanical properties of concrete available in the foreign and domestic literature are summarized. In addition, the deformation features of reinforced concrete columns are highlighted to substantiate the initial premises, hypotheses and possible limitations when developing methods for calculating centrally and eccentrically compressed elements from the specified concrete. Researches are analyzed related to the effect of different content of recycled concrete aggregate in the concrete, the number of longitudinal steel reinforcement in the cross section of the element and its yield strength, pitch and yield strength of transverse reinforcement on the deformability and bearing capacity of concrete columns with the addition of coarse aggregate from concrete rubble. The use of such concrete for the manufacture of centrally and eccentrically compressed concrete columns leads to an insignificant decrease in their bearing capacity. This indicates the possibility of recycling a significant amount of concrete rubble resulting from the processing of reinforced concrete structures destroyed during the demolition of buildings; it allows to attribute this technology to “green building”.
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Kamnik, Rok, Boštjan Kovačič, Andrej Štrukelj, Nikolay Vatin, and Vera Murgul. "Preparation, Installation and Signal Processing of Strain Gauges in Bridge Load Testing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 725-726 (January 2015): 903–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.725-726.903.
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Practical approach of strain gauges using is introduced. The use of strain gauges and signal processing of measured data at static experimental load testing of a concrete beam are carried out. The ability of the strain gauge sensor to pick up the specific deformation / strain signals during loading is investigated. The Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) is applied to obtain the signal in frequency domain and reverse FFT to transform the processed signal back to time domain. The measurements are confirmed with some inductive transducers and total station. This approach is tested on 2.7 m long concrete beam in laboratory. A practical use of strain gauges with bridge constructions under complex inspection is described.
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Zhu, Tian Zhi, Ming Zhang, and Yan Ying Dong. "Research on Cross-Sectional Area Converting Principle Based Model of FRP Confined Concrete Axial Compressive Strength." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 5541–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.5541.
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Fiber reinforced plastics (FRP) has been widely used in structure reinforcement processing. It is a comparatively mature field in computational models of cylindrical axial compressive strength on FRP confined concrete. In this paper, we conduct a possessive analysis on the axial compressive property that is based on the cylindrical stress model of FRP confined concrete, considering the difference among square column section, rectangular column and cylindrical column. Meanwhile, based on cross-sectional area and moment of inertia equivalent principles, we propose an equivalent diameter formula for converting rectangular column section into cylindrical column section. We also introduce sectional influence coefficients to modify ultimate strength and establish a model of ultimate strength for FRP confined concrete. Furthermore, we use the existing experimental data to test the validity and feasibility of the model. Experimental Results of the computational model are quite coincident and consistent with the tests. Computational model can reflect the true characteristics of FRP confined concrete. Therefore, the models proposed in this paper are significant in the practice of construction project.
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Clem, Daniel J., Thomas Schumacher, and Jordan P. Deshon. "A consistent approach for processing and interpretation of data from concrete bridge members collected with a hand-held GPR device." Construction and Building Materials 86 (July 2015): 140–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.03.105.
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Flint, Madeleine, Alexander Michel, Sarah L. Billington, and Mette R. Geiker. "Influence of temporal resolution and processing of exposure data on modeling of chloride ingress and reinforcement corrosion in concrete." Materials and Structures 47, no. 4 (2013): 729–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1617/s11527-013-0091-8.
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Peng, Yong, Hao Wu, Qin Fang, and Ziming Gong. "Deceleration time of projectile penetration/perforation into a concrete target: Experiment and discussions." Advances in Structural Engineering 22, no. 1 (2018): 112–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433218779235.
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Deceleration time histories of the 25.3 mm diameter, 428 g projectile penetration/perforation into 41 MPa reinforced concrete slabs with thicknesses of 100, 200, and 300 mm, are discussed. An ultra-high g small-caliber deceleration data recorder with a diameter of 18 mm is employed to digitize and record the acceleration during launch in the barrel, as well as the deceleration during penetration or perforation into targets. The accelerometer mounted in the data recorder measures rigid-body projectile deceleration as well as structural vibrations. To validate these complex signals, a validation approach for the accuracy of the recorded deceleration time data is proposed based on frequency characteristic analyses and signal integrations, and three sets of whole-range deceleration time data are validated. As the deceleration of the rigid-body projectile is the main concern, a signal processing approach is further given to obtain the rigid-body deceleration data, that is, using a low-pass filter to remove the high-frequency responses associated with vibrations of the projectile case and the internal supporting structure. The first valley frequency from the spectrum analysis is determined to be the critical cutoff frequency. To verify the accuracies of the theoretical model and the numerical simulation in predicting projectile motion time histories, theoretical projectile penetration/perforation deceleration time models are given and numerical simulations are performed. The predicted projectile time histories consist well with the validated deceleration time test data, as do their corresponding velocity and displacement time curves.
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Martinaitis, Vytautas. "THE DEMAND FOR EXERGY DURING THE LIFE CYCLE OF DWELLING HOUSES/TIPINIŲ DAUGIABUČIŲ PASTATŲ GYVAVIMO CIKLO EKSERGIJOS POREIKIŲ ĮVERTINIMAS." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 5, no. 1 (1999): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13921525.1999.10531433.
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The heat demand for heating and ventilation of dwelling houses depends on the climate and thermal characteristics of buildings. Energy is consumed not only in the process of maintenance of a building, but also for constructing it. The aim of current research is to assess the needs of a building life cycle (constructing, maintenance, demolition) expressed in energy units. In order to determine the energy demand of the building life cycle, lasting from a few decades to a century, the thermodynamic methodology is used. The chosen method is based on a systematic approach, applying analysis through combination of approaches such as thermodynamics exergic approach and method of an economic life cycle. The exergic method describes the energy of different types not only by its quantity, but also by the quality, ie it evaluates different forms of energy and its sources by the same quality criteria. According to the design data of four main types of blocks of flats, based on splitting the thermodynamic model into special stages and analysing data of the primary energy consumption of material processing, and the stages of it, the comparative primary energy consumption levels are defined for the principal building material production and the construction process. Primary energy consumption for typical block of flats construction material processing (forming construction goals, planning, research, coordination, designing, management of the construction process, labour force costs, service costs, transportation, use of machinery, energy and fuel consumption) is different as regards the design variations and construction work technology. For the concrete panel five-storey building it amounts to 4,42 kWh/m2, for a nine-storey building 4,36 kWh/m2, for a five-storey brick house 6,35 kWh/m2, and 11,59 kWh/m2for a nine-storey building. Regular primary energy consumption needs (maintenance and repairs) for a concrete panel five-storey building are 35,45 kWh/m2, for a nine-storey building 39,77 kWh/m2, for a five-storey brick house 44,83 kWh/m2, and 52,54 kWh/m2 for a nine-storey building. 40 per cent of the consumed energy is used for heating and ventilation, the rest of it is used for hot water preparation, lighting, home appliances and repairs. Two renovations and demolition of a building (manufacture of materials and products for renovation, research, designing, realization of the projects, demolition of the building, regeneration of the territory and the waste, systemating the data, development of a new technology) need within the building life cycle from 5 to 12 kWh/m2 of energy. In the existing blocks of flats almost three fourths of energy are used for microclimate and comfort systems, whereas heating and conditioning require one third of primary energy used within the building life cycle. The main strategy for diminishing the level of primary energy consumption in dwelling houses is aimed at developing of technical, mostly thermodynamic, features of heating systems and considering nominal power of those systems and the heating characteristics of exterior surfaces, the optimal coordination of building life cycle energy demands.
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Kielhauser, Clemens, Raul Renteria Manzano, Jeffrey J. Hoffman, and Bryan T. Adey. "Automated Construction Progress and Quality Monitoring for Commercial Buildings with Unmanned Aerial Systems: An Application Study from Switzerland." Infrastructures 5, no. 11 (2020): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures5110098.
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Unmanned Aerial Systems (UASs), which have become a key tool in remote sensing in recent years, have also rapidly entered the practice of Architecture, Engineering, Construction, and Operations (AECO). This paper presents an application study of a methodology for monitoring construction progress and quality using real-time data from a commercial building during the execution phase and the results of an analysis of the costs and benefits of monitoring construction progress and quality with and without a UAS. The methodology used consists of three parts: (1) automated data collection at the construction site, (2) data processing, in which the collected data are processed to generate the outputs necessary for the data analysis, and (3) data analysis to monitor construction progress and quality. The method is based on the detection of structural elements, combined with four principles: the sectional approach, the calculation of the concrete volume, the height-distance measurement, and the detection of defects by visual comparisons. The cost-benefit analysis considers three cases: monitoring of progress (1) by the construction company using the UAS, (2) by external contractors using the UAS, and (3) by the construction company without using the UAS. We show that the in-house operation of the UAS is associated with medium costs. However, a return on investment can be achieved quickly if the strategy for the operation of the UAS is clearly defined. In summary, the use of a UAS for the automated monitoring of the construction progress and quality of commercial buildings is practicable, which can quickly lead to a return on investment. We also show that there is great potential for further improvements.
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Wang, Siqi, Shan Zhao, and Imad L. Al-Qadi. "Real-Time Monitoring of Asphalt Concrete Pavement Density during Construction using Ground Penetrating Radar: Theory to Practice." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 5 (2019): 329–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119841038.
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Accurate real-time density monitoring is crucial in quality control and quality assurance during the asphalt concrete (AC) pavement construction process. Ground penetrating radar (GPR) technology has shown great potential in the continuous real-time density prediction of AC pavement. However, it is not accepted as a routine method by transportation agencies in the United States due to the lack of validation under field testing conditions. In this study, three field tests were performed using GPR to estimate AC pavement density. The Al-Qadi-Lahouar-Leng model was used to predict the density from GPR signals. The reference scan method was used to remove the effect of surface moisture during construction. The gradient descent-based non-linear optimization method was used to reconstruct the overlapped GPR signals result from the use of thin AC overlay, which has been widely implemented as an AC pavement rehabilitation technique. Digital filtering and other signal processing methods were used to de-noise the signal. GPR results using the proposed methods were compared with field core data and nuclear gauge results. The results show that the proposed methods were effective in estimating in-situ AC pavement density using GPR. Continuous density estimation by installing GPR on the roller is suggested to provide real-time compaction monitoring during the AC pavement construction process.
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Desnerck, Pieter, Pierfrancesco Valerio, Janet M. Lees, and Neil Loudon. "Suggestions for improved reinforced concrete half-joint bridge inspection in England." MATEC Web of Conferences 199 (2018): 06004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819906004.
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Asset management databases play a crucial role in the management of existing infrastructure assets. Highways England (HE) has a long history of using bridge management software to record the current state of bridges and to guide maintenance schemes and interventions. Reinforced concrete half-joints are amongst the most challenging structures to inspect and repair due to their susceptibility to deterioration and construction type. Hence, they require particular attention within asset management programmes. An Interim Management Strategy was developed by HE to identify all the structures on the Highways England road network with half-joint elements. These half-joint structures were then subjected to a special inspection regime. Out of the 428 half-joint structures with inspection data, 252 structures had defects associated with four existing HE defect classes. A review of the inspection database with a focus on half-joints led to an alternative classification of half-joint related defects based on a revised set of Defect Classes, the introduction of Defect Groups and the extraction of Defect Types specifically observed in half-joints. Using this new classification, the most common half-joint Defect Groups were found to be cracking, corrosion, spalling and deterioration mechanisms. In about half of the structures cracking and corrosion tended to be observed together. Correlations were also shown to exist between structural and deterioration, and constructional Defect Classes, emphasising the need for quality control and proper workmanship. Recommendations to address shortcomings in current inspection practice are proposed. Clearer defect definitions and decision-tree guidance for inspectors could enhance the consistency and repeatability of inspection data gathering thereby overcoming some of the limitations of subjective classifications. Acquiring additional information about the observed crack details including zonal information, crack patterns, crack extent, crack orientations and widths combined with local and global pictorial evidence would also be advantageous. This could then provide the basis for the automatic processing and identification of structures with specific half-joint related defects. In this way, asset managers would be better able to allocate limited resources to the most critical structures.
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Liu, Dunwen, Wanmao Zhang, Yu Tang, Yinghua Jian, Chun Gong, and Fengkai Qiu. "Evaluation of the Uniformity of Protective Coatings on Concrete Structure Surfaces Based on Cluster Analysis." Sensors 21, no. 16 (2021): 5652. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21165652.
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With the continuous development of urbanization and industrialization in the world, concrete is widely used in various engineering constructions as an engineering material. However, the consequent problem of durability of concrete structures is also becoming increasingly prominent. As an important additional measure, a protective coating can effectively improve the durability of concrete performance. Moreover, the uniformity of the concrete surface coating will directly affect its protective effect. Therefore, we propose a nondestructive inspection and evaluation method of coating uniformity based on infrared imaging and cluster analysis for concrete surface coating uniformity detection and evaluation. Based on the obtained infrared images, a series of processing and analysis of the images were carried out using MATLAB software to obtain the characteristics of the infrared images of the concrete surface. Finally, by extracting the temperature distribution data of the pixel points on the concrete surface, an evaluation method of concrete surface coating uniformity based on a combination of cluster analysis and hierarchical analysis was established. The evaluation results show that the determination results obtained by this method are consistent with the actual situation. This study has a positive contribution to the testing of concrete surface coating uniformity and its evaluation.
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Liu, Jiepeng, Dongsheng Li, Liang Feng, Pengkun Liu, and Wenbo Wu. "Towards Automatic Segmentation and Recognition of Multiple Precast Concrete Elements in Outdoor Laser Scan Data." Remote Sensing 11, no. 11 (2019): 1383. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11111383.
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To date, to improve construction quality and efficiency and reduce environmental pollution, the use of precast concrete elements (PCEs) has become popular in civil engineering. As PCEs are manufactured in a batch manner and possess complicated shapes, traditional manual inspection methods cannot meet today’s requirements in terms of production rate of PCEs. The manual inspection of PCEs needs to be conducted one by one after the production, resulting in the excessive storage of finished PCEs in the storage yards. Therefore, many studies have proposed the use of terrestrial laser scanners (TLSs) for the quality inspection of PCEs. However, all these studies focus on the data of a single PCE or a single surface of PCE, which is acquired from a unique or predefined scanning angle. It is thus still inefficient and impractical in reality, where hundred types of PCEs with different properties may exist. Taking this cue, this study proposes to scan multiple PCEs simultaneously to improve the inspection efficiency by using TLSs. In particular, a segmentation and recognition approach is proposed to automatically extract and identify the different types of PCEs in a large amount of outdoor laser scan data. For the data segmentation, 3D data is first converted into 2D images. Image processing is then combined with radially bounded nearest neighbor graph (RBNN) algorithm to speed up the laser scan data segmentation. For the PCE recognition, based on the as-designed models of PCEs in building information modeling (BIM), the proposed method uses a coarse matching and a fine matching to recognize the type of each PCE data. To the best of our knowledge, no research work has been conducted on the automatic recognition of PCEs from a million or even ten million of the outdoor laser scan points, which contain many different types of PCEs. To verify the feasibility of the proposed method, experimental studies have been conducted on the PCE outdoor laser scan data, considering the shape, type, and amount of PCEs. In total, 22 PCEs including 12 different types are involved in this paper. Experiment results confirm the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed approach for automatic segmentation and recognition of different PCEs.
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Boyun, Vitaliy. "Directions of Development of Intelligent Real Time Video Systems." Application and Theory of Computer Technology 2, no. 3 (2017): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22496/atct.v2i3.65.
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Real time video systems play a significant role in many fields of science and technology. The range of their applications is constantly increasing together with requirements to them, especially it concerns to real time video systems with the feedbacks. Conventional fundamentals and principles of real-time video systems construction are extremely redundant and do not take into consideration the peculiarities of real time processing and tasks, therefore they do not meet the system requirements neither in technical plan nor in informational and methodical one. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to increase responsiveness, productivity and effectiveness of real time video systems with a feedback during the operation with the high-speed objects and dynamic processes. The human visual analyzer is considered as a prototype for the construction of intelligent real time video systems. Fundamental functions, structural and physical peculiarities of adaptation and processes taking place in a visual analyzer relating to the information processing, are considered. High selectivity of information perception and wide parallelism of information processing on the retinal neuron layers and on the higher brain levels are most important peculiarities of a visual analyzer for systems with the feedback. The paper considers two directions of development of intelligent real time video systems. First direction based on increasing intellectuality of video systems at the cost of development of new information and dynamic models for video information perception processes, principles of control and reading parameters of video information from the sensor, adapting them to the requirements of concrete task, and combining of input processes with data processing. Second direction is associated with the development of new architectures for parallel perception and level-based processing of information directly on a video sensor matrix. The principles of annular and linear structures on the neurons layers, of close-range interaction and specialization of layers, are used to simplify the neuron network.
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Ye, Xiao-Wei, Tao Jin, and Peng-Yu Chen. "Structural crack detection using deep learning–based fully convolutional networks." Advances in Structural Engineering 22, no. 16 (2019): 3412–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433219836292.
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Cracks are a potential threat to the safety and endurance of civil infrastructures, and therefore, careful and regular structural crack inspection is needed during their long-term service periods. Many image-processing approaches have been developed for structural crack detection. However, like traditional edge detection algorithms, these methods are easily disturbed by the environmental effect. Convolutional neural networks are newly developed methods and have excellent performances in the image-classification tasks. This study proposes a fully convolutional network called Ci-Net for structural crack identification. Pixel-level labeled image training data are obtained from the online data set. Four indices are adopted to evaluate the performance of the trained Ci-Net. Crack images from an indoor concrete beam test are adopted for validation of its structural crack recognition capacity. The recognition results are also compared with those obtained by the edge detection methods. It indicates that Ci-Net exhibits a better performance over the edge detection methods in structural damage detection.
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Zhou, Feng, Zhongchang Chen, Hai Liu, Jie Cui, Billie Spencer, and Guangyou Fang. "Simultaneous Estimation of Rebar Diameter and Cover Thickness by a GPR-EMI Dual Sensor." Sensors 18, no. 9 (2018): 2969. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18092969.
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Precise characterization of reinforcing bars (rebars) in a concrete structure is of significant importance for construction quality control and post-disaster safety evaluation. This paper integrates ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and electromagnetic induction (EMI) methods for simultaneous estimation of rebar diameter and cover thickness. A prototype of GPR-EMI dual sensor is developed, and a calibration experiment is conducted to collect a standard EMI dataset corresponding to various rebar diameters and cover thicknesses. The handheld testing cart can synchronously collect both GPR and EMI data when moving on the concrete surface, from which a data processing algorithm is proposed to simultaneously estimate the rebar diameter and cover thickness. Firstly, by extracting the apex of the hyperbolic reflection from the rebar in the preprocessed GPR profile, the rebar position is determined and further used to extract the effective EMI curve. Then, the rebar diameter and cover thickness are simultaneously estimated from the minimum mean square error between the measured and calibrated EMI data under the constraint of the GPR-estimated cover thickness. A laboratory experiment is performed using four casted concrete specimens with 11 embedded steel rebars. The results show that the diameters of 10 rebars are correctly estimated out of the 11 rebars, and the maximum estimation error for the cover thickness is 6.7%. A field trial is carried out in a newly-constructed building, and the diameters of four tested rebars are all accurately estimated while the estimation errors of the cover thickness are less than 5%. It is concluded that the developed GPR-EMI dual sensor and the proposed algorithm can estimate the rebar diameter and cover thickness accurately by a single scan.
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Siregar, Rosinar, Rukun Santoso, and Puspita Kartikasari. "PERAMALAN INDEKS HARGA SAHAM MENGGUNAKAN ENSEMBLE EMPIRICAL MODE DECOMPOSITION (EEMD)." Jurnal Gaussian 10, no. 2 (2021): 211–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/j.gauss.v10i2.29919.
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Stock price fluctuations make investors tend to hesitate to invest in stock markets because of an uncertain situation in the future. One method that can solve these problems is to use forecasting about the stock prices in the future. Generally, the huge size of data non linear and non stationary, and it is difficult to be interpreted in concrete. This problem can be solved by performing the decomposition process. One of decomposition method in time series data is Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD). EEMD is process decomposition data into several Intrinsic Mode Function (IMF) and the IMF residue. In this research, this concept applied to data Stock Price Index in Property, Real Estate, and Construction from July 1, 2019 to July 30, 2020 as many as 272 data. Based on the results of data processing, as many as 6 IMF and IMF remaining were used as IMF forecasting and the IMF remaining in the future. The forecast was performed by choosing the best model of each IMF component and IMF remaining, used ARIMA and polynomial trend. Keywords: Time Series Data, Stock Price Index, EEMD, ARIMA, Polynomial Trend.
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Martinez-Arguelles, Gilberto, Maria Paola Acosta, Margareth Dugarte, and Luis Fuentes. "Life Cycle Assessment of Natural and Recycled Concrete Aggregate Production for Road Pavements Applications in the Northern Region of Colombia: Case Study." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 5 (2019): 397–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119839955.
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The environmental impacts of natural aggregates (NA) and recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) production for use in road pavements have been evaluated in this study through an attributional life cycle assessment (LCA) from cradle to gate. Such effort is relevant considering the increasing interest of national agencies in applying recycled aggregates for construction and rehabilitation (C&R) of highway infrastructures. The study used site-specific data from two different aggregate production plants, stationary and mobile, both located in the northern region of Colombia. The stationary facility produces NA, and the mobile plant processes a combination of NA and RCA from the demolition of Portland cement concrete (PCC) pavements in the city of Barranquilla. The aggregates produced in the stationary facility are generally used as road base and subbase materials, and in the production of PCC, whereas the recycled mobile plant produces aggregate for subbase and road base mainly. Two scenarios were contemplated in the study. The first scenario involved extraction, hauling, and processing of NA. The second scenario involved aggregate (limestone) extraction, hauling, and recycling of RCA, and finally processing the combination of NA with RCA. The environmental impacts related to the production process of both stationary and mobile plants were evaluated using the computer program SimaPro 8.4.0 and the impact assessment method IMPACT 2002+. The results showed that diesel fuel is the principal energy used in both production processes, and is mainly responsible for the negative impact on respiratory inorganics, global warming, and nonrenewable energy. Results were very sensitive to transportation distances.
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FRUCHTER, RENATE, YUKIO OHSAWA, and NAOHIRO MATSUMURA. "KNOWLEDGE REUSE THROUGH CHANCE DISCOVERY FROM AN ENTERPRISE DESIGN-BUILD ENTERPRISE DATA STORE." New Mathematics and Natural Computation 01, no. 03 (2005): 393–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793005705000263.
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This paper explores the possibilities of chance discovery in building design and construction knowledge towards knowledge reuse from past project experiences captured in a enterprise data store. The proposed approach leverages two innovative technologies, (1) ThinkTank™, a web-based asynchronous collaboration technology developed at the Project Based Learning Lab at Stanford University that provides many of the advantages of face-to-face team meetings combined with the utility of e-mail and the organization of content in a database; and (2) Techniques of chance discovery, composed of the Double Helix process of chance discovery, and KeyGraph, a method of visualizing the content of human communications, developed in the laboratory of Chance Discovery at the University of Tsukuba. An overview of the ThinkTank™ and KeyGraph is presented. The validation testbed is described and a concrete scenario of chance discovery of reusable knowledge from a past project is presented to illustrate the value of linking an enterprise data store such as ThinkTank™ and KeyGraph. The paper concludes with a discussion of the importance of the double helix concept, i.e. first helix represented by the KeyGraph computer processing of the ThinkTank™ data, and the second helix represented by human interpretation and exploration of the KeyGraph representation of ThinkTank™ data. We emphasize that without the second helix, i.e. the human interpretation, contextualization and exploration of the results, the KeyGraph would offer only a visual representation of the data, but would not provide valuable input for decision making or knowledge reuse.
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Wang, Yu, chuang-sheng Wu, and Zongying Shu. "Application and Research of Geologic Radar in Groundwater Disease of Tunnel Engineering Inspection." E3S Web of Conferences 131 (2019): 01063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913101063.
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As a kind of underground lineament building, the tunnel inevitably will pass through different hydrology geology in construction process and thus form a catchment corridor which usually occurs in most of tunnels. Pour water and waterlogging is a common geological disaster and the main disease both in the construction tunnels and operation tunnels. So it is urgent for us to carry through the research on the geological disaster of groundwater. The Inspecting and controlling measures against the ground water geological disaster are also needed. In this paper, Geologic Radar is applied to tunnel engineering quality inspection to detect some quality problems possibly caused by groundwater. In order to diagnose the disease degree of operation tunnels and to estimate tunnel’s security condition, this paper analyzes the causes of bugs existing behind the tunnel lining, expounds the theory and method of making non-destructive test on tunnel lining quality by using Geological Radar. By processing and analyzing field data, the following functions can be performed, such as detecting the thickness of concrete lining accurately, determining the distribution position and quantities of rebar and grid steel, searching existed cavity and uncompacted area behind the lining especially lining arch top. We also apply the method of morphology to the extraction of liner image feature. We get the liner boundary line and waterlogging area more intuitively by wavelet analysis, and find the anomalous point in the liner. It has been proved that Geologic Radar is a feasible method to inspect the structure of tunnel concrete lining. Adopting hole-drilling method to make verifications with detecting results of geological radar, the results of the two kinds of methods do not have big difference.
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Liu, Guiwen, Juma Hamisi Nzige, and Kaijian Li. "Trending topics and themes in offsite construction(OSC) research." Construction Innovation 19, no. 3 (2019): 343–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ci-03-2018-0013.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to discover the distribution and trends of existing Offsite construction (OSC) literature with an intention to highlight research niches and propose the future outline. Design/methodology/approach The paper adopted literature reviews methodology involving 1,057 relevant documents published in 2008-2017 from 15 journals. The selected documents were empirically analyzed through a topic-modeling technique. A latent Dirichlet allocation model was applied to each document to infer 50 key topics. A machine learning for language toolkit was used to get topic posterior word distribution and word composition. Findings This is an exploratory study, which identifies the distribution of topics and themes; the trend of topics and themes; journal distribution trends; and comparative topic, themes and journal distribution trend. The distribution and trends show an increase in researcher’s interest and the journal’s priority on OSC research. Nevertheless, OSC existing literature is faced with; under-researched topics such as building information modeling, smart construction and marketing. The under-researched themes include organizational management, supply chain and context. The authors also found an overload of similar information in prefabrication and concrete topics. Furthermore, the innovative methods and constraints themes were found to be overloaded with similar information. Research limitations/implications The naming of the themes was based on our own interpretation; hence, the research results may lack generalizability. Therefore, a comparative study using different data processing is proposed. The study also provides future research outline as follows: studying OSC topics from dynamic evolution perspective and identifying the new emerging topics; searching for effective strategies to enhance OSC research; identifying the contribution of countries, affiliation and funding agency; and studying the impact of these themes to the adoption of OSC. Practical implications This study is of values to the scholars, as it could stimulate research to under-researched areas. Originality/value This paper justifies a need to have a broad understanding of the nature and structure of existing OSC literature.
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Ayele, Yonas Zewdu, Mostafa Aliyari, David Griffiths, and Enrique Lopez Droguett. "Automatic Crack Segmentation for UAV-Assisted Bridge Inspection." Energies 13, no. 23 (2020): 6250. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13236250.
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Bridges are a critical piece of infrastructure in the network of road and rail transport system. Many of the bridges in Norway (in Europe) are at the end of their lifespan, therefore regular inspection and maintenance are critical to ensure the safety of their operations. However, the traditional inspection procedures and resources required are so time consuming and costly that there exists a significant maintenance backlog. The central thrust of this paper is to demonstrate the significant benefits of adapting a Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)-assisted inspection to reduce the time and costs of bridge inspection and established the research needs associated with the processing of the (big) data produced by such autonomous technologies. In this regard, a methodology is proposed for analysing the bridge damage that comprises three key stages, (i) data collection and model training, where one performs experiments and trials to perfect drone flights for inspection using case study bridges to inform and provide necessary (big) data for the second key stage, (ii) 3D construction, where one built 3D models that offer a permanent record of element geometry for each bridge asset, which could be used for navigation and control purposes, (iii) damage identification and analysis, where deep learning-based data analytics and modelling are applied for processing and analysing UAV image data and to perform bridge damage performance assessment. The proposed methodology is exemplified via UAV-assisted inspection of Skodsberg bridge, a 140 m prestressed concrete bridge, in the Viken county in eastern Norway.
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Tchamba, Jean Claude, and Théodore Gautier L. J. Bikoko. "Failure and Collapse of Building Structures in the Cities of Yaoundé and Douala, Cameroon from 2010 to 2014." Modern Applied Science 10, no. 1 (2015): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mas.v10n1p23.
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<p class="zhengwen"><span lang="EN-GB">The failure and collapse of buildings in most cases result in loss of lives and properties. The incessant <a name="_GoBack"></a>collapses of buildings nowadays are so enormous that it has become a serious concern to the professionals in the building industry, clients, governments, and general public. In most cases, the architects and engineers who are directly involved in the construction of such building are held responsible for building collapse. The purpose of this study was to elaborate various cases of building structures collapsed that occurred in Yaoundé and Douala, Cameroon between 2010 and 2014 and to investigate the factors causing such incidents. The methods employed in the collection of data include the administration of questionnaire to professionals in the building industry (professional engineers, architects and construction professionals), site inspections and case studies for the sites. The data collected were analysed using descriptive and analytical statistics. The findings show that the collapse of some buildings in major cities in Cameroon (Yaoundé and Douala) can be attributed to absence of soil investigation and foundation, structural design, detailing, degradation due to environmental factors, use of poor quality materials and concrete processing. In the two case studies considered, the study revealed that the major causes of building failures were excessive loading, structural design, degradation due to environmental factors and other causes. The paper concludes by recommending possible measures to be undertaken by government and other regulatory bodies in the building industry to avert this.</span></p>
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Khairallah, Diana, Olivier Chupin, Juliette Blanc, et al. "Monitoring and Modeling Railway Structures on High-Speed Lines with Asphalt Concrete Underlay: A Study on the Bretagne–Pays de la Loire Line." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2674, no. 12 (2020): 600–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198120960472.
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The design and durability of high-speed railway lines is a major challenge in the field of railway transportation. In France, 40 years of feedback on the field behavior of ballasted tracks led to improvements in the design rules. However, the settlement and wear of ballast, caused by dynamic stresses at high frequencies, remains a major problem on high-speed tracks leading to high maintenance costs. Studies have shown that this settlement is linked to the high acceleration produced in the ballast layer by high-speed trains traveling on the track, disrupting the granular assembly. The “Bretagne–Pays de la Loire” high-speed line (BPL HSL), with its varied subgrade conditions, represents the first large-scale application of asphalt concrete (GB) as the ballast sublayer. This line includes 77 km of conventional track with a granular sublayer of unbound granular material (UGM) and 105 km of track with an asphalt concrete sublayer under the ballast. During construction, instruments such as accelerometers, anchored deflection sensors, and strain gages, among others, were installed on four sections of the track. This paper examines the instrumentation as well as the acquisition system installed on the track. The data processing is explained first, followed by a presentation of the ViscoRail software, developed for modeling railway tracks. The bituminous section’s behavior and response is modeled using a multilayer dynamic response model, implemented in the ViscoRail software. A good match between experimental and calculated results is highlighted.
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Andriichuk, О. V., and S. O. Uzhehov. "THE FRACTURE TOUGHNESS OF THIN-WALLED COVER SHELLS HYPERBOLIC PARABOLOID SHAPED OF FERROCEMENT AND STEEL FIBER CONCRETE UNDER THE ACTION OF OPERATING LOADS." Ресурсоекономні матеріали, конструкції, будівлі та споруди, no. 37 (January 30, 2020): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.31713/budres.v0i37.334.
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Experimental research of new materials and structures with improved parameters of strength, fracture toughness, bearing capacity and their lifetime in comparison with typical elements is an actual problem of building science.Nowadays there is a trend to design and use for buildings covering the new design solutions as the thin shells. One of the types of thin shells are Gaussian shells with negative curvature. It’s worth to note that in the last decade, a considerable number of researches of thin-walled structures made of steel fiber reinforced concrete were conducted, which confirmed the efficiency of its use to enhance their hardness, fracture toughness and thus longer life.The article presents the results of the authors’ experimental studies of fracture toughness of thin-walled cover structures with Gaussian negative curvature in the shape of hyperbolic paraboloid made of ferrocement and steel fiber reinforced concrete under the action of the operating load.The load application was carried out for ten steps, after each step the pause was for 15...20 min, during which the data of the strain-gauge station VNP-8 was recorded, using a microscope were measured and recorded the width of the cracks, deflections of the structure were measured etc.The external force was evenly-distributed to its applications and the impact was simulated according to the real conditions of construction use.The experimental part of the research was conducted at the laboratory of building materials and structures of Lutsk National Technical University. In scientific work carried out mapping and comparison of the obtained experimental results, carried out processing and analysis, presents the conclusions.During the researches it was found that the fracture toughness of thin-walled shell cover with Gaussian negative curvature in the shape of a hyperbolic paraboloid with dispersed reinforcement (steel fiber reinforced concrete) is higher than in the shell made of ferrocement. Accordingly, it can be argued about the increasing of the lifetime of steel fiber reinforced concrete shell covering in comparison with the ferrocement shell.
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Shuai, Qing Yan, and Ya Bo He. "Study on the Design of Project Controlling Information Management System for Large-Scale Hydraulic Engineering." Advanced Materials Research 671-674 (March 2013): 3130–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.671-674.3130.
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Project controlling information management system (PCIMS) is an important management facility and means for the construction of large-scale hydraulic engineering. Based on the analysis of construction management features for large-scale hydraulic engineering, the general design goal of PCIMS is put forward. The structure of PCIMS for large-scale hydraulic engineering is concretely designed and analyzed, which is consisted of five parts, including the account management module, database, input module, data processing module and output module. The key technologies in the process of developing PCIMS are also discussed，such as the technology of data warehouse, the real-time technology of the system and the comprehensive integration technology of various components. Due to the establishment of PCIMS for large-scale hydraulic engineering, a convenient information interaction platform is provided for all the project participants. As a result, the accuracy and timeliness of the information exchange is improved, that is benefit for the owners to make correct decision.
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Kowalska, Maria E., and Janina Zaczek-Peplinska. "Roughness parameters as the elements of surface condition and deformation assessment based on the results of TLS scanning." Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW. Land Reclamation 49, no. 1 (2017): 29–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sggw-2017-0003.
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Abstract Roughness parameters as the elements of surface condition and deformation assessment based on the results of TLS scanning. Roughness is the attribute of a surface that can be defined as a collection of small surface unevennesses that can be identified optically or detected mechanically which do not result from the surface’s shape and their size depends on a material type as well as on undergone processing. The most often utilised roughness parameters are: Ra - mean distance value of the points on the observed profile from the average line on the sampling length, and Rz - difference between arithmetic mean height of the five highest peaks and arithmetic mean depth of the five deepest valleys regarding to the average line on the length of the measured fragment. In practice, roughness parameters are most often defined for surface elements that require relevant manufacturing or processing through grinding, founding or polishing in order to provide the expected surface roughness. To measure those parameters for the produced elements profilometers are used. In this paper the authors present an alternative approach of determining and utilising such parameters. Instead of the utilising methods based on sampling length measurement, roughness parameters are determined on the basis of point clouds, that represent a surface of rough concrete, obtained through terrestrial laser scanning. The authors suggest using the surface roughness parameter data acquired in this way as a supplementary data in the condition assessment (erosion rate) of surfaces being a part of engineering constructions made of concrete.
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Guo, Bin, Dongdong Chen, Linsheng Huo, and Gangbing Song. "Monitoring of Grouting Compactness in Tendon Duct Using Multi-Sensing Electro-Mechanical Impedance Method." Applied Sciences 10, no. 6 (2020): 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10062018.
Full textAbstract:
The structural integrity of post-tensioning prestressed concrete structures with tendon ducts highly depends on the grouting quality in construction. This paper proposes a real-time approach to monitoring the grouting compactness in tendon ducts using the multi-sensing electro-mechanical impedance (EMI) method. When Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) transducers with different pre-selected dimensions are serially connected and mounted on a structure at distributed locations, each PZT provides unique resonance frequency coupled with the local structural physical property. Therefore, the impedance with multiple peaks of the serially connected multiple PZTs can be captured during a single measurement, which significantly simplifies the measurement procedure and reduces the data processing time. In addition, the wiring for the PZT sensors is also simplified. In this research, the feasibility of the proposed method was experimentally and numerically investigated to monitor the grouting compactness in a tendon duct specimen. The 3-dB mean absolute percentage deviation (MAPD) was applied to quantify the variations of the impedance signatures measured from five different grouting levels. Both experimental and numerical results verify the feasibility of using the proposed method for monitoring the grouting compactness in tendon ducts.
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Al-Rawabdeh, Abdulla, Mohammed Aldosari, Darcy Bullock, and Ayman Habib. "Mobile LiDAR for Scalable Monitoring of Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls with Smooth Panels." Applied Sciences 10, no. 13 (2020): 4480. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10134480.
Full textAbstract:
Mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) walls rely on its weight to resist the destabilizing earth forces acting at the back of the reinforced soil area. MSE walls are a common infrastructure along national and international transportation corridors as they are low-cost and have easy-to-install precast concrete panels. The usability of such transportation corridors depends on the safety and condition of the MSE wall system. Consequently, MSE walls have to be periodically monitored according to prevailing transportation asset management criteria during the construction and serviceability life stages to ensure that their predictable performance measures are met. To date, MSE walls are monitored using qualitative approaches such as visual inspection, which provide limited information. Aside from being time-consuming, visual inspection is susceptible to bias due to human subjectivity. Manual and visual inspection in the field has been traditionally based on the use of a total station, geotechnical field instrumentation, and/or static terrestrial laser scanning (TLS). These instruments can provide highly accurate and reliable performance measures; however, their underlying data acquisition and processing strategies are time-consuming and not scalable. The proposed strategy in this research provides several global and local serviceability measures through efficient processing of point cloud data acquired by a mobile LiDAR system (MLS) for MSE walls with smooth panels without the need for installing any targets. An ultra-high-accuracy vehicle-based LiDAR data acquisition system has been used for the data acquisition. To check the viability of the proposed methodology, a case study has been conducted to evaluate the similarity of the derived serviceability measures from TLS and MLS technologies. The results of that comparison verified that the MLS-based serviceability measures are within 1 cm and 0.3° of those obtained using TLS and thus confirmed the potential for using MLS to efficiently acquire point clouds while facilitating economical, scalable, and reliable monitoring of MSE walls.
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Levkevich, V. E. "Slope Protection Structures at Water Reservoirs in Belarus and Causes of their Deformations." Science & Technique 17, no. 6 (2018): 478–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2227-1031-2018-17-6-478-488.
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Assessment of the current state in respect of various bank stabilization with identification of causes of their destruction and deformation scale has been carried out on the basis of the survey pertaining to coastal protection structures in more than 100 reservoirs of the country. The paper presents results of field observations on bank slope protection structures which are used at water reservoirs in Belarus. It has been established that the most common protection of banks and slopes is strengthening in the form of reinforced concrete monolithic or prefabricated slabs. It has been determined that deformations of slope protection are represented by opening of tile-to-tile construction, temperature and settlement joints (it has been recorded opening width of 0.35 m) which develop under a complex impact of wind waves, fluctuations in levels and other factors. Subsequently deformations of exposed joints lead to destruction of the protection. Value of slope deformations reaches in some cases rather significant extent: linear processing (destruction) of slopes – up to 24.20 m; volume of erosion – up to 4.25 m3/m running. Physical modeling of slope deformations carried out at a hydro-technical laboratory of the Belarusian National Technical University while using models of ground retaining structures protected by reinforced concrete strengthening with various opening width of joints has allowed to determine dynamics and scope of slope deformations due to the influence of wave and level regimes having various parameters. Data of on-site investigations on protection have made it possible to assess the state of slope paving for various operational periods of retaining structures. The paper presents reasons and factors that affect the protection stability. The results of on-site and laboratory investigations on protection stability have permitted to determine that the following reasons influence on the development of deformations: presence of objective inaccuracies and assumptions in the accepted calculated design schemes and dependencies for determination of protection parameters; lack of completeness in registration of conditions for wave formation and level regime of reservoirs; initial data and survey materials do not always provide true information about ground conditions for construction of bank protection facility; technological deviations while constructing structures and their protection. It has been ascertained that one of the characteristics determining a dynamic stability of banks and slopes in structures under conditions of the reservoirs in Belarus along with the above reasons is a composition of the eroded soil characterized, in particular, by a inhomogeneity coefficient of loose soil. A self-pavement effect identified during the study of protection stability and formed during destruction of a bank composed of loose soils with increased heterogeneity has made it possible to propose a method for protecting slopes and banks. On-site investigations and laboratory experiments have permitted to obtain empirical relationships for calculation of dynamic equilibrium profile with self-pavement of two types. The paper provides a calculation for combined slope protection consisting of rockfill and synthetic filter materials of increased strength.
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Krismawanto, Arik, and Fredy Kurniawan. "Comparative Analysis of the Costs (RAB) Budget Development Project in Surabaya." IJIEEB : International Journal of Integrated Education, Engineering and Business 2, no. 1 (2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.29138/ijieeb.v2i1.806.
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In the construction of a building, one of which is a mosque, it does require efficiency on the budget plan, so that development can be completed to the maximum with optimal time and little cost. The purpose of this study is to find out the ratio of labor wage coefficients between the Budget Plan (RAB), BOW and Implementation; Knowing the comparison and the difference in the number of unit prices of labor wages; Find out the cause of the difference in price. Data processing is done by literature method, documentation, conducting field observations and conducting interviews. The results of the work include formwork column K1 (thread D19) foreman coefficient ratio in RAB Offer with Implementation that is equal to 1.21, while BOW with Implementation is 0.37. Then for the wages of reinforced concrete deck work Lt. 2 12cm thick K-250 with an area of ??41.05 m3 the difference between the RAB of the Offer and the Implementation of Rp. 36,263,855.91 (64.4%), while the difference between BOW and Implementation is Rp. 138,619,043.82 (87.4%). The magnitude of the ratio of ratios and differences in the budget for wage costs is influenced by many factors: labor wage prices, quantity or amount of labor used in the project, skill level and age of the workforce, and high interest in workforce employment.
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Huo, Bao Rong, Guang Ning Yang, and Xiang Dong Zhang. "Internal Force Calculation of Two-Way Curved Arch Bridge." Advanced Materials Research 594-597 (November 2012): 1561–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.594-597.1561.
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Because of two-way curved arch bridge with low design load, less structural steel, improper construction, overloading and poor integrity, when the bridge structure can’t satisfy the carrying capacity and traffic capacity requirements, we urgently need reinforce the bridge, which has become an important link of safety assessment and insurance of the bridge structures. Internal force calculation of two-way curved arch bridge is done, and calculation conclusions of Aohan Bridge are shown. Plane rod unit’s calculation results show that the bridge under the action of steam-20, hang-100 loads, eccentricity of the section at the arch feet in main arch ring beyond allowable eccentricity, a state of large eccentric's stress appears, and on surface of the arch feet appeared tensile crack in the load simulation. The calculation results of the main arch ring shows that a phenomenon of stress concentration exists in the arch feet, in addition to the influence of big eccentric. Technology processing should be considered when do the arch feet reinforcement. Data from the arch ring calculation results, the bridge has certain overload potential. But according to the bending moment distribution, strengthen the resistance bending moment in the arch feet, an allow full play to the potential of concrete iron in the arch rib under the premise of reinforced the positive bending moment.