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Journal articles on the topic 'Concrete - Creep and Shrinkage'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 7 September 2023

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1

Nesvetaev, G. V., Y. I. Koryanova, T. N. Zhilnikova, and A. V. Kolleganov. "To the Problem of Assessing the Level of Self- Stresses during the Formation of the Structure of Self-Compacting Concrete." Materials Science Forum 974 (December 2019): 293–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.974.293.

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Conditional quantitative criteria characterizing the shrinkage crack resistance of various concretes and a model describing the change in the proposed criteria depending on the magnitude of shrinkage deformation, creep coefficient, tensile strength kinetics and shrinkage strain kinetics for ordinary concrete and self-compacting concrete are proposed. The proposed criteria for the class C40/50 concrete have been calculated and it was shown that self-compacting concrete can potentially have higher crack resistance during shrinkage. To ensure high cracking resistance during shrinkage when choosing superplasticizers and mineral additives, attention should be paid to their effect on shrinkage, creep and E-modulus of the cement stone. It should exclude additives that increase the shrinkage and E-modulus and reduce creep of cement stone.
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2

Parfenov, S. G., and V. Ye Moschenkov. "EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF CREEP AND SHRINKAGE STRAINS IN FINE- AGGREGATE CONCRETES." Proceedings of the Southwest State University 21, no. 4 (August 28, 2017): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21869/2223-1560-2017-21-4-13-20.

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The paper studies creep and shrinkage processes running in fine-aggregate concretes with plasto-elastic properties (deformations) under short-time loading are different from those of standard heavy concretes. Experimental studies of creep and shrinkage strains in fine-aggregate concretes that are based on sands with different fineness moduluses permit to compare prestress losses resulting from the creep and shrinkage of concrete. Usually these factors produce an aggregate effect, which makes the study of the processes that run in concrete under long-time influence noticeably complicated. There paper contains analysis results obtained by experimental studies of concrete prisms at different initial strains in the range of , with loading age of t= 14 or 28 days and different properties of concrete mixes. Concrete mix properties were modified by using sands with different fineness modulus. Likewise in order to determine creep and shrinkage deformations due to long-time loads the samples were tested under stress during 14, 73 and 180 days. All experimental data have been systematized in tables and are represented by diagrams. The analysis has helped to investigate the effects of relative stains on the creep deformation in concrete and to define the boundary line between linear and non-linear creep with relation to the stresses in concrete. Analytical description of non-linear deformations was performed with the help of N.H.Arutyunyan’ and I.I.Ulitsky methods. The resultant calculations formed a basis for the recommendations to simplify problem solving methods considering non-linear creep of concrete.
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3

Bideci, Alper, Özlem Sallı Bideci, Sabit Oymael, and Hasan Yıldırım. "Analysis of shrinkage and creep behaviors in polymer-coated lightweight concretes." Science and Engineering of Composite Materials 23, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/secm-2014-0028.

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AbstractThe creep and shrinkage properties of polymer-coated lightweight concretes were examined. Five-hundred-dose lightweight concretes were produced by coating pumice aggregates with three different polymers (Sonomeric1: SNMC, KB Pur 214: KBP, and Polipol3455: PLP). The 3-, 7-, and 28-day compressive strength values of the obtained lightweight concrete samples were determined, and the 840-h and 12-month creep and shrinkage deformations were measured. It was found that the ductility of the SNMC- and KBP-coated concrete samples increased, while their shrinkage deformation results decreased when compared with the control samples. In contrast, the ductility of PLP concrete samples decreased and the shrinkage deformation became higher. In conclusion, the use of SNMC- and KBP-coated pumice aggregates had a positive effect on the creep and shrinkage properties of the concrete. Furthermore, it was observed that the compressive strength values of the lightweight concretes made of the coated samples were higher than those of the control sample.
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4

Chen, Xu, Hua, Zhou, Wang, and Huang. "Modeling Shrinkage and Creep for Concrete with Graphene Oxide Nanosheets." Materials 12, no. 19 (September 26, 2019): 3153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12193153.

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In this study, the shrinkage and creep of concrete containing graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets were experimentally and theoretically investigated. Experiments for the shrinkage and creep of concrete with 0.02% and 0.08% GO nanosheets by the weight of cement and common concrete were carried out. Subsequently, the influence of GO nanosheets on the shrinkage and creep of concrete was analyzed and discussed. A modified model was developed to accurately predict the shrinkage and creep of concrete containing GO nanosheets after models for predicting shrinkage and creep of common concrete were compared and the influential factors and application scope were determined. Results indicate that: (1) GO nanosheets can increase the shrinkage strain and reduce the creep coefficient of concrete, and (2) a modified ACI209 (92) model can accurately predict the shrinkage and creep of concrete containing GO nanosheets. Factors considering concrete strength can be introduced in the model to improve the model accuracy.
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5

Duan, Rui Fang, Xiu Fen Huang, and He Zhang. "Concrete Shrinkage and Creep Effect Prediction Model and the Influence Factors Analysis." Advanced Materials Research 756-759 (September 2013): 2051–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.756-759.2051.

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It is a complex problem that forecast and control the shrinkage and creep of concrete and influence on the performance of the structures.Through the conmparion of all kinds of common model,the article have also analysed the main influence factors about the concrete shrinkage and creep effect . The results showed that JTJ 85 model for shrinkage and creep effect tends to conservative calculation; the creep coefficient and shrinkage strain of JTG D62 model and the CEB-FIP model were basically consistent; and ACI 209 model underestimated the concrete shrinkage and creep effect. Theoretical depth of components was more sensitive to concrete shrinkage strain, and creep coefficient was smaller sensitivity; The effect of concrete creep increases with the decreasing of age at loading, when age of loading percentage increased from three to 28 days, the concrete creep effect of the terminal value reduced about 80%; The influence of environment average relative humidity on shrinkage and creep effect is more sensitive, when environment average relative humidity increased from 50% to 80%, creep coefficient nearly reduced about 30%,and shrinkage strain decreased 50%, in comparison, the influence of environment relative humidity chance on the concrete shrinkage effect is greater than that on creep effect.
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6

Zhang, Yun Guo, Zhi Min Wu, and Xi Wu. "Experimental Investigation on the Shrinkage and Creep Performance of Self-Compacting Lightweight Concrete." Advanced Materials Research 860-863 (December 2013): 1346–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.860-863.1346.

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Several experimental investigations were conducted on the autogenous shrinkage and creep performances of two types of designed self-compacting lightweight concrete (SCLC). In order to explore the difference in long-term performance between SCLC and normal aggregate concrete, normal aggregate self-compacting concrete (SCC) and normal concrete (NC) are also designed in this study. The results indicate that the designed SCLC exhibits lower autogenous shrinkage at early age, even slight expansion during the first 10 days. After 6 months, the autogenous shrinkage of SCLC increases nearly equal to those of normal aggregate concrete. Compared with the reference concretes NC and SCC, the 360-day creep coefficient of SCLC is lower, but the specific creep is higher. It is also found that long-term creep coefficient and specific creep decrease with the increase of compressive strength of SCLC.
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7

Zhang, Rong Ling, Liang Wang, Chang An Yang, Bing Yang, Chang Yue Zhu, and Qiang Jian Hao. "Simulation Analysis of Shrinkage and Creep for Bowstring Arch Bridge Steel Tube Concrete in Different Specification." Applied Mechanics and Materials 178-181 (May 2012): 2219–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.178-181.2219.

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The actual bowstring arch CFST is taken as the background,the paper using finite element analysis method, researched the shrinkage and creep of combination of steel and concrete structure. Through the use of different countries regulation of shrinkage and creep of concrete, the effects of the structure deflection separately were studied ,then explain the different influence degree of different norms in the calculation of the creep and shrinkage of concrete; The paper also has also put forward the doubt about accurate calculation concrete filled steel tubular structure shrinkage and creep of concrete, it puts forward new requirements for the research and standards about steel tube concrete shrinkage and creep at last.
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8

Guo, Fei, Hong Gen Qin, Peng Fei Cao, Guan Guo Liu, and Yun Sheng Zhang. "Analysis on Creep Property and Model of Bridge Girder Concrete with Various Mix Proportions." Applied Mechanics and Materials 368-370 (August 2013): 1487–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.368-370.1487.

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Combined with the construction of Jinghang Canal Bridge of Jiangliu highway, shrinkage and creep property of the cast-in-situ high performance concrete of bridge girder was researched. The results showed early shrinkage and creep development of the high performance concrete was relatively rapid, and creep tended to be stable 120 days later. With the admixture increasing, shrinkage and creep of the concrete were reduced. Meanwhile, early creep rate deceased. Similar results applied to the reduction of sand rate and water-cement ratio. Based on creep prediction models both at home and abroad, hyperbolic power function and exponential function model were put forward, taking the influence of material parameter and environmental factors on shrinkage and creep into consideration. In accordance with the model, concrete creep formula was given out and would provide a relatively scientific basis for practical prediction of concrete creep.
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9

Mieszczak, Małgorzata, and Lucyna Domagała. "Lightweight Aggregate Concrete as an Alternative for Dense Concrete in Post-Tensioned Concrete Slab." Materials Science Forum 926 (July 2018): 140–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.926.140.

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The paper presents the results of tests conducted on two lightweight aggregate concretes made of new national Certyd artificial aggregate. This research is intended to first application of lightweight concrete to construct large-span post-tensioned slab. In addition to mechanical properties development, shrinkage and creep during 3 months of loading were tested. The obtained results are compared with theoretical results predicted by standard. Conducted tests indicated, that measured values of shrinkage and creep are significantly lower than predicted ones. This is promise for application of tested concrete in construction of post-tensioned slabs.
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10

Wang, Jian Qun, Zhi Fang, and Zhi Jian Tang. "The Experimental Study on Creep and Shrinkage of High Strength Concrete with Fly Ash." Advanced Materials Research 639-640 (January 2013): 423–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.639-640.423.

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Shrinkage and creep characteristics of concrete are significant factors in the design of prestressed concrete structures. With large scale/span concrete structures developed, the fly ash or other blends are added into high strength concrete to improve the mechanical properties and workability. As a result, the existing shrinkage and creep predicting models have certain limitations. The creep and shrinkage behavior of high strength concrete with fly ash are studied in this paper. Proper predicting model for shrinkage and creep of high strength concrete is recommended. The influence factor of fly ash is proposed as well. These conclusions would be of great useful for structures with fly ash concrete.
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11

Lv, Yi Gang, Jian Ren Zhang, and Kang Xu. "Prediction Models of Shrinkage and Creep for Concrete Columns." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 1583–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.1583.

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In constant temperature and humidity environment, the properties of shrinkage and creep for a group of plain concrete and reinforced concrete columns were observed in long-term and experimental method. The curves of concrete shrinkage and creep effect with time were obtained. Checking coefficient and type coefficient of shrinkage and creep effect were put forward in order to predict models of shrinkage and creep. Using the least square method, functions of checking coefficient and type coefficient were acquired and the prediction models of shrinkage strain and creep coefficient of concrete were obtained based on the modification of the formula of JTG D62-2004. The foundation is laid for the application of the long-term performance research in bridge structure.
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12

Naser, Ali Fadhil. "A Review Study on Theoretical Comparison Between Time-Dependent Analysis Models for Prestressed Concrete Bridges." Jurnal Kejuruteraan 34, no. 3 (May 30, 2022): 375–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2022-34(3)-04.

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Particularly, concrete material involvements creep under a continuous load and practices shrinkage due to variations in humidity proportion. These physical properties variations growth over time. Prestressed losses according to concrete creep and shrinkage will lead to loss of compression strength for concrete. Time-dependent analysis is important and essential for two types of prestressed concrete which are pretensioned and posttensioned with the effect of time, variations in the structural pattern, and high erection loads influence the structural performance and protection of structure for the duration of erection and when complete. Creep and shrinkage are the main time-dependent parameters of concrete. They are important parameters in the design of prestressed concrete structures such as bridges. The objective of this study is to review the analysis models of time-dependent parameters for prestressed concrete bridges by using shrinkage and creep factors equations to determine the strain of time-dependent parameters. Creep and shrinkage parameters were selected to review the effect of these parameters on the properties of prestressed concrete. Nine analysis methods for creep and shrinkage of concrete were reviewed in this study. These models include ACI-209 model, PCI-BDM model, CEB-FIP-90 model, AASHTO-LRDF model, Shams and Kahan model, NCHRP-496 model, B3 model, GL2000 model, and AFREM model. It was recommended that using this methodology to determine shrinkage and creep factors for prestresssed concrete bridge and comparing between the results of analysis models.
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13

Wang, Yongbao, Renda Zhao, Yi Jia, and Ping Liao. "Creep Characteristics Of Concrete Used In Long-Span Arch Bridge." Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering 14, no. 1 (March 28, 2019): 18–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.7250/bjrbe.2019-14.431.

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The reinforced concrete arch bridge with concrete-filled steel tubular stiffened skeleton is extensively used in the mountainous area of southwest China due to their long span and high stability. Beibanjiang Bridge located in Shanghai- Kunming high-speed railway, which had a record span of 445 m, has recently been completed in 2016. However, concrete creep and shrinkage have pronounced effects on the long-term deflection and stress redistribution of this bridge. Several concrete creep and shrinkage specimens in the natural environment were made to predict the long-term behaviour of this bridge accurately. They were used to measure the concrete creep and shrinkage of the core concrete and surrounding concrete used in the arch bridge. The test results were compared to ACI209 R-92 Prediction of Creep, Shrinkage and Temperature Effects in Concrete Structures model, 1990 CEB-FIP Model Code 1990: Design Code model, fib Model Code for Concrete Structures 2010 model and Creep and Shrinkage Prediction Model for Analysis and Design of Concrete Structures-Model B3. Based on the numerical fitting method, the fib Model Code for Concrete Structures 2010 model was modified to suit the concrete creep and shrinkage experimental results. Then, the modified fib Model Code for Concrete Structures 2010 model was used to predict the timedependent behaviour of a concrete arch bridge.
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14

Lin, Sheng, Xian Fen Xu, Cheng Wang, and Jian Xin Ye. "Analysis of Creep and Shrinkage Mechanism of Bridge Considering the Effect of Shrinkage on Creep Stress Reduction." Advanced Materials Research 255-260 (May 2011): 781–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.255-260.781.

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The effect of concrete shrinkage and creep on the deformation of the bridge structure is posing a serious issue with increasing numbers of large-span bridges are being built. At the moment, only the creep coefficient is usually considered for calculating bridge creep, without taking other factors into consideration. This paper, based on aging theory, considers the influence of shrinkage on creep stress reduction, by simplifying the formula of creep strain under discrete load by using the integral mean-value theorem and deriving the formula of concrete creep strain. Taking a continuous rigid frame bridge for example, the paper calculated the creep considering creep stress reduction under shrinkage, which showed that the method can well predict the final shrinkage and creep values of large-span concrete bridge.
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15

Zeng, Qing Xiang, and Da Jian Han. "A Simplified Concrete Creep and Shrinkage CEB-FIP90 Model in Long-Span Bridge Design." Applied Mechanics and Materials 638-640 (September 2014): 1059–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.638-640.1059.

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The concrete shrinkage strain and creep coefficient calculation method in CEB - FIP MC90 model is briefly introduced. For application convenience in bridge design, a simplified formula for calculation of the concrete shrinkage strain and creep coefficient is derived. Considering the varying range of every influence factor, a correlation analysis for the factor is carried out. And the weights of those factors related to concrete shrinkage and creep coefficient are discussed. Considering the climate characteristics and the bridge structure features in the Pearl River Delta area, the variation ranges of concrete nominal shrinkage strain and nominal creep coefficient are calculated respectively.
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16

Li, Fa Xiong, Jia Guo, Hou Qing Huang, and Qian Liu. "Concrete Creep and Shrinkage Effect Analysis Program Development." Applied Mechanics and Materials 405-408 (September 2013): 850–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.405-408.850.

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In order to analysis of concrete based on ABAQUS, A creep and shrinkage of concrete analysis program TDPA was developed. Firstly, the theory of creep and shrinkage effect of concrete was introduced. with the help of a Dirichlet series properties, creep stepwise recursive method was introduced to avoid stress history of large capacity storage; Secondly, using three user subroutine interface USDFLD, GETVRM, UEXPAN provided by ABAQUS, analysis program TDPA was developed by Fortran program language; Finally, typical long-term load tests of pre-stressed concrete and steel concrete composite members long term tests were selected to prove the reliability of TDPA. Research results show that: the TDAP has high applicability and reliability. It is suitable for a variety of creep and shrinkage prediction model, and provides an effective method for creep and shrinkage of concrete analysis on ABAQUS platform.
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17

Parfenov, S. G., and M. V. Morgunov. "EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS OF THE LOSSES OF PRESTRESSING IN FINE REINFORCED CONCRETE ELEMENTS." Proceedings of the Southwest State University 22, no. 1 (February 28, 2018): 112–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21869/2223-1560-2018-22-1-112-117.

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The article deals with late losses of prestressing of reinforcement due to shrinkage and creep in fine reinforced concrete structures. Creep deformations can several times exceed the elastic straincaused by load. The most common in practice caseof the development of concrete creep is slowly decreased creeping with timewith a rather high initial rate of the development in the first hours after loading. It is typical for stresses that do not exceed the long-term resistance of concrete. Experimental study of deformation of shrinkage and creep of fine-grained concrete allows us to compare the loss of prestressing due to concrete shrinkage and creep. Usually there is an aggregate effect of these factors, which significantly complicates the study of the processes occurring in concrete during long-term exposures. Basically, the results obtained during testing of concrete prisms are used to compare stress-related properties of concrete, but this is not enough to study the loss of prestressing due to concrete shrinkage and creep and testing should be carried out on elements reinforced with prestressed reinforcement to take into account changes in prestresses and redistribution of stresses on the height of the cross section (depth) of the element with a prolonged action of the prestressing force. The results of experimental studies of rectangular reinforced concrete beams at loadcase of different ages of t = 14, 28, 280 and 320 days are analyzed. The losses from rapid creep, shrinkage losses, total losses from shrinkage and creep are considered. The experimental data are presented in the form of graphs and tables. There was performed comparison of the experimental data with the calculated ones determined according to the current standards, and for shrinkage according to the method proposed by I.I. Ulitsky as well.
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18

Hu, Xu Hui, Ning Zhong, and Shi Hong Jing. "Influence of Concrete Shrinkage and Creep on Composite Beam of Cable-Stayed Bridge." Advanced Materials Research 671-674 (March 2013): 1040–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.671-674.1040.

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Based on the shrinkage and creep theory model of the JTG D62-2004 and trough the finite element analysis software, it is to respectively calculate the main span displacement and the upper and lower edge stress of the steel beam and the concrete slab under the impacts of concrete shrinkage and creep at the initial stage and the normal operation stage (with 10 years of shrinkage and creep calculated) for the steel-concrete composite deck system of the cable-stayed with a main beam of 436m.The results show that the effects of the shrinkage and creep can’t be ignored.
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19

Lu, Zhi Fang, and Mu Yu Liu. "Stochastic Finite Element Analysis for Shrinkage and Creep of a Concrete Bridge Based on LHS." Advanced Materials Research 163-167 (December 2010): 1744–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.163-167.1744.

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Shrinkage and creep are the inherent properties of concrete bridge. According to Latin Hypercube Sampling method (LHS) and concrete bridge shrinkage and creep uncertainty parameters, this paper promotes stochastic finite element method based on LHS for concrete bridge shrinkage and creep uncertainty analysis in ANSYS random analysis model. Based on this stochastic finite element method, internal force and long-term deformation of a continuous rigid frame bridge with density gradient concrete is analyzed. Result show, internal force and deformation of continuous rigid frame bridge after completing are reasonable and satisfy Code requirement, and are various in previous 3 years at service stage and trend to steadily after 3 years. Research result provides theoretical basis for shrinkage and creep uncertainty further analysis in concrete bridge.
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20

Szydłowski, Rafał Stanisław, and Barbara Łabuzek. "Experimental Evaluation of Shrinkage, Creep and Prestress Losses in Lightweight Aggregate Concrete with Sintered Fly Ash." Materials 14, no. 14 (July 13, 2021): 3895. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14143895.

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The paper presents the experimental results of shrinkage, creep, and prestress loss in concrete with lightweight aggregate obtained by sintering of fly ash. Two concrete mixtures with different proportions of components were tested. Concrete with a density of 1810 and 1820 kg/m3, and a 28-day strength of 56.9 and 58.4 MPa was obtained. Shrinkage and creep were tested on 150 × 250 × 1000 mm3 beams. Creep was tested under prestressing load for 539 days and concrete shrinkage for 900 days. The measurement results were compared with the calculations carried out according to the Eurocode 2 as well as with the results of other research. A very low creep coefficient and lower shrinkage in relation to the calculation results and the results of other research were found. It was also revealed that there is a clear correlation between shrinkage and creep, and the amount of water in the concrete. The value of the creep coefficient during the load holding period was 0.610 and 0.537, which is 56.0 and 49.3% of the value determined from the standard. The prestressing losses in the analyzed period amounted to an average of 13.0%. Based on the obtained test results, it was found that the tested lightweight aggregate concrete is well suited for prestressed concrete structures. Shrinkage was not greater than that calculated for normal weight concrete of a similar strength class, which will not result in increased loss of prestress. Low creep guarantees low deflection increments over time.
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21

Kharlab, Vyacheslav, and Alexander Maslennikov. "Short-Time Creep of Concrete." Applied Mechanics and Materials 725-726 (January 2015): 493–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.725-726.493.

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The consideration is given to a specific component of the creep of concrete which becomes apparent within one day from the moment of load application, the so called “short-term creep”. Since the entire creep of concrete is conditioned by its water content, the short-time creep must be assigned to the most mobile water – capillary water. As far as the capillary water behavior is determined by the capillary forces acting in it, the short-term creep of concrete is considered and described in the present work as expression of capillary forces. Such description is based on a modified capillary theory of concrete shrinkage: creep is interpreted as forced shrinkage arising due to the fact that application of load leads to disturbance of hygrometric equilibrium of concrete and environment. In view of the mentioned creep interpretation as the forced shrinkage the isotropic loading of the body is considered. The purpose of this work is to determine the degree in which the capillary forces are source of the short-term creep of concrete.
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22

Li, Si Chen, Ting Yao, Yu Jiang Wang, Hua Li, Jun Cheng, Lei Li, and Qian Tian. "Determination of Tensile Creep and Stress Relaxation of Concrete by Ring Test." Applied Mechanics and Materials 584-586 (July 2014): 1172–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.584-586.1172.

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The understanding of stress relaxation and tensile creep behavior is extremely important in accurate stress analysis and crack prediction of early-age concrete. The free shrinkage deformations of concrete with different strength grade were examined. The early-age tensile elastic modulus of concrete was investigated through temperature-stress testing machine. The tensile creep and shrinkage stress were obtained through the modified restrained ring test. The results indicate that the development of free shrinkage coordinates well with the inner strain of steel ring. Tensile creep decreases as water-binder ratio increases. Creep counteracts tensile stress of concrete by 28%~40% , decreases the possibility of cracking of concrete at early ages.
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23

Lu, Xiao Jun, Zhi Da Li, and Ping Zhang. "Experimental Study on C60 High Performance Concrete with High Content Mineral Additives and Low Shrinkage Creep." Advanced Materials Research 1030-1032 (September 2014): 978–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1030-1032.978.

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Shrinkage and creep behavior of concrete are keys that affect bridge construction and usage. The C60 high performance concrete was prepared by adding high content mineral additives and reducing water-binder ratio. This kind of concrete has good work performance and higher pumpability. It also has a low shrinkage and creep feature. Experiments were carried out to compare performance to concrete without mineral additives. Results show that its shrinkage and creep value decrease about 30% to 50% within long age of 360 days.
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24

Lv, Liu, Zhu, Bai, and Qi. "Experimental Study on a Prediction Model of the Shrinkage and Creep of Recycled Aggregate Concrete." Applied Sciences 9, no. 20 (October 14, 2019): 4322. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9204322.

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The significant difference between recycled aggregate and natural aggregate is the content of the attached mortar layer. With the increase of the replacement rate of recycled aggregate, the shrinkage and creep of recycled aggregate concrete is significantly increased. In this paper, 180-day shrinkage and creep tests of recycled aggregate concrete with different water–cement ratios were designed in order to analyze the effect of the substitution rate and water–cement ratio on shrinkage and creep properties. The results show that the shrinkage strain of recycled aggregate concrete with a substitution rate of 50% and 100% at 180 days is 26% and 48% higher than that of ordinary concrete, respectively, and the growth of group II is 22% and 47%, respectively. When the load was 180 days old, the creep coefficient of recycled aggregate concrete with a substitution rate of 50% and 100% in group I increased by 19.6% and 39.6%, respectively compared with ordinary concrete, and group II increased by 23.6% and 44.3%, respectively. Based on the difference of adhering mortar content, the creeping increase coefficient and shrinkage increase coefficient of the attached mortar were proposed, and a shrinkage and creep model of recycled aggregate concrete was established. When compared with the experimental results, the model calculation results met the accuracy requirements.
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25

Zhang, Yun Tao. "Experimental Research on Concrete Shrinkage and Creep for Main Girder of Sutong Continuous Rigid-Frame Bridge." Advanced Materials Research 594-597 (November 2012): 1547–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.594-597.1547.

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In order to obtain shrinkage and creep of HPC used in Sutong continuous rigid-frame bridge, shrinkage and creep of plain concrete and RC are investigated under natural environment over two years. Reinforcement ratio 0.76% is close to that of the middle span. Loading stress of creep test is about 15MPa, which is near the maximum stress of the bridge. Four loading ages, 7d, 14d, 21d and 28d, were used to simulate different loading ages in construction. The curves of creep and shrinkage were fitted from test values. The results show the test values of creep and shrinkage were less than the current Chinese bridge code JTG D62-2004, and the creep and shrinkage of RC is less than plain concrete. If the reinforcement ratio is low, reinforcement exerts less influence on creep and shrinkage, and the influence of reinforcement can be neglected in engineering application. Reinforcement can effectively reduce creep and shrinkage if the reinforcement ratio is high.
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26

Zhao, Gang Yun, Tian Yu Xiang, Teng Fei Xu, and Yu Lin Zhan. "Probabilistic Analysis about Shrinkage and Creep Effect of Continuous Steel-Concrete Composite Beams with LHS." Applied Mechanics and Materials 90-93 (September 2011): 1049–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.90-93.1049.

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Steel-concrete composite girder is consisted of concrete slab and steel girder connected through shear connectors. Owing to shrinkage and creep of concrete, redistribution of structural internal force and stress should be caused. It is widely accepted that shrinkage and creep models of concrete possess large randomness. The influences of stochastic variation of creep and shrinkage model, compressive strength of concrete, elastic modulus model of concrete, ambient humidity, load and shear connector stiffness on structural responses of continuous steel-concrete composite beam are investigated in the present study. Through Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) approach, the time variant probabilistic responses of deflection, interface slip, and stress of concrete slab and steel girder of continuous steel-concrete composite beam are studied.
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27

Bywalski, Czesław, and Mieczysław KamiIński. "RHEOLOGICAL STRAINS IN CONCRETE MODIFIED WITH STEEL FIBRE REINFORCEMENT." Journal of Civil Engineering and Management 19, no. 5 (October 29, 2013): 656–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2013.803497.

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This paper discusses the rheological properties of normal (ordinary) strength concrete. The results of tests aimed at determining the creep strains and shrinkage strains in normal strength concretes modified with steel fibre reinforcement are presented. The tests were divided into three groups. Steel fibre reinforced concretes (SFRCs) with a different composition were studied in each of the groups. Hook steel fibres, 50-mm long and 0.8 mm in diameter, were used in the tested SFRCs. The latter had an average compressive strength of 35.17–59.18 MPa and a steel fibre content of 0, 25, 35, 50 and 65 kg per 1 m3 of the concrete mixture respectively. Functional dependences for the increase in shrinkage and creep strains over time are given. The problem of the effect of aggregate grading on creep strains is addressed. Conclusions concerning the rheological deformability of steel fibre reinforced concrete are drawn.
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28

Wu, Chong, Zu Lin He, De Fu He, Wan Jun Zhang, Rui Wang, and Guo Tao Yang. "Influence of Shrinkage and Creep of the Concrete Slab on the Mechanical Behavior of Steel Arch Bridge." Advanced Materials Research 374-377 (October 2011): 2484–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.374-377.2484.

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Steel and concrete composite structures are widely used in bridge engineering, for it can fully utilize the compression property of concrete and tensile behavior of the steel. However, the coupled behavior of shrinkage and creep exist in concrete. The creep behavior is dependent on the initial stress, while shrinkage is not. The shrinkage and creep of the concrete have a significant influence on the internal force and deformation and it may cause the cracking or even the failure of the structure. Nowadays, precast concrete slab is widely adopted in the composite bridges to reduce the effect of shrinkage and creep. Storage time is a critical parameter for the precast concrete slab to reach the best economic benefit and mechanical behavior of the structure. Therefore, in this paper, the finite element model of Xinshiji Bridge with the consideration of the relative slip between the steel and concrete was established to investigate the influence of loading age of the concrete on the mechanical behavior of the composite bridge, and the optimal storage time was determined.
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29

Asaad, Micheal, and George Morcous. "Evaluating Prediction Models of Creep and Drying Shrinkage of Self-Consolidating Concrete Containing Supplementary Cementitious Materials/Fillers." Applied Sciences 11, no. 16 (August 10, 2021): 7345. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11167345.

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Supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) and fillers play an important role in enhancing the mechanical properties and durability of concrete. SCMs and fillers are commonly used in self-consolidating concrete (SCC) mixtures to also enhance their rheological properties. However, these additives could have significant effects on the viscoelastic properties of concrete. Existing models for predicting creep and drying shrinkage of concrete do not consider the effect of SCM/filler on the predicted values. This study evaluates existing creep and drying shrinkage models, including AASHTO LRFD, ACI209, CEB-FIP MC90-99, B3, and GL2000, for SCC mixtures with different SCMs/fillers. Forty SCC mixtures were proportioned for different cast-in-place bridge components and tested for drying shrinkage. A set of eight SCC mixtures with the highest paste content was tested for creep. Shrinkage and creep test results indicated that AASHTO LRFD provides better creep prediction than the other models for SCC with different SCMs/fillers. Although all models underestimate drying shrinkage of SCC with different SCMs/fillers, the GL2000, CEB-FIP MC90-99, and ACI 209 models provide better prediction than AASHTO LRFD and B3 models. Additionally, SCC mixtures with limestone powder filler exhibited the highest creep, while those with class C fly ash exhibited the highest drying shrinkage.
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30

Zvolánek, Lukáš, and Ivailo Terzijski. "Relaxation of Structural Concrete due to its Shrinkage in Terms of Age-Adjusted Effective Modulus Method." Key Engineering Materials 737 (June 2017): 471–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.737.471.

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This paper focuses on the calculation of residual stresses due to shrinkage with a tensile creep effect. Whereas the shrinkage of concrete causes stresses in the material, the tensile creep counteracts the shrinkage as a stress relaxation mechanism. The main objective of this paper is to evaluate the ageing coefficient c (referred to as Trost-Bazant Coefficient) reflecting the load history. The coefficient is used for the residual stress analysis by means of a simplified method called Age-adjusted Effective Modulus Method. The tensile creep effect was evaluated according to the rheological model provided by Eurocode 2. Although the Eurocode predicts the creep for the structural members subjected to compressive stresses, this study proves that it can be used for the tensile creep prediction as well. We tested three types of concrete: reference concrete, high-performance concrete with reduced shrinkage magnitude by means of special admixtures, and fibre concrete with the content of polypropylene fibres. From the obtained results, it can be stated, that the ageing coefficient can be considered to be the value of 0.45 for any shrinkage development. It was also proved, that the tensile creep value essentially affects the magnitude of residual stresses, even in the “early age” concrete. The correctness of the calculated residual stresses was verified by means of a Ring-test.
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31

Patel, K. A., Addisu Shewarega, Sandeep Chaudhary, and A. K. Nagpal. "A step-by-step method for time-dependent analysis of composite beams." Proceedings of the 12th Structural Engineering Convention, SEC 2022: Themes 1-2 1, no. 1 (December 19, 2022): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.38208/acp.v1.480.

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Composite beams composed of reinforced concrete slab and steel section joined by mechanical connectors. The concrete slab provides compressive strength, fire resistance, and floor surface, whereas the steel section provides high tensile strength. Steel-concrete composite structures are widely used in frame buildings and bridges due to their economic and structural advantages. In the existing literature, a hybrid analytical-numerical procedure is available for service load analysis of steel-concrete composite beams considering cracking, creep, and shrinkage in concrete. The procedure uses an age-adjusted effective modulus method (AEMM) to model creep and shrinkage effects. The AEMM is computationally efficient however, it compromises accuracy owing to the use of the same aging coefficient for creep and shrinkage. Therefore, in this paper, a step-by-step method (SSM) has been proposed for modeling the creep and shrinkage effects. The method takes into account the progressive concrete cracking with time due to creep and shrinkage. The method is computationally efficient for large composite frame buildings compared to the finite element method since no discretization of the member, along the length and/or across the cross-section, is needed. The method has been validated against experimental results available in the literature. It is observed that the SSM has greater accuracy than the AEMM.
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32

Xiao, Liang Li, Ming Yang Pan, and Meng Chen. "Estimating on Creep Strain for Ready-Mixed Concrete during Shrinkage." Applied Mechanics and Materials 357-360 (August 2013): 684–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.357-360.684.

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This paper presents the development of formulas to estimate the creep strain of the reinforced concrete specimens. The experimental part of the work focused on the dispersion of shrinkage strain between reinforced concrete and plain concrete specimens, as well as the equilibrium condition between concrete tension and reinforcement compression. Based upon the experimental data and development formula, the creep strain and concrete age curves of the reinforced concrete specimens are drawn. Moreover, the characteristics of the creep strain are analyzed in detail. The creep strain formula can provide the important data and theoretic basis to “the code for design of concrete structures”（GB50010－2010）.
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33

Gamnitzer, Peter, Andreas Brugger, Martin Drexel, and Günter Hofstetter. "Modelling of Coupled Shrinkage and Creep in Multiphase Formulations for Hardening Concrete." Materials 12, no. 11 (May 29, 2019): 1745. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12111745.

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The durability and serviceability of concrete structures is influenced by both the early-age behavior of concrete as well as its long-term response in terms of shrinkage and creep. Hygro-thermo-chemo-mechanical models, as they are used in the present publication, offer the possibility to consistently model the behavior of concrete from the first hours to several years. However, shortcomings of the formulation based on effective stress, which is usually employed in such multiphase models, were identified. As a remedy, two alternative formulations with a different coupling of shrinkage and creep are proposed in the present publication. Both assume viscous flow creep to be driven by total stress instead of effective stress, while viscoelastic creep is driven either by total or effective stress. Therefore, in contrast to the formulation based on effective stress, they predict a limit value for shrinkage as observed in long-term drying shrinkage tests. Shrinkage parameters for the new formulations are calibrated based on drying shrinkage data obtained from thin slices. The calibration process is straightforward for the new formulations since they decouple shrinkage and viscous flow creep. The different formulations are compared using results from shrinkage tests on sealed and unsealed cylindrical specimens. Shrinkage strain predictions are significantly improved by the new formulations.
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34

Hwang, Euichul, Gyuyong Kim, Kyungmo Koo, Hyungjae Moon, Gyeongcheol Choe, Dongkyun Suh, and Jeongsoo Nam. "Compressive Creep and Shrinkage of High-Strength Concrete Based on Limestone Coarse Aggregate Applied to High-Rise Buildings." Materials 14, no. 17 (September 2, 2021): 5026. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14175026.

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Concrete undergoes shrinkage regardless of the influence of external forces. The deformation of concrete is crucial for the structural stability of high-rise and large-scale buildings. In this study, the shrinkage and compressive creep of 70–90 MPa high-strength concrete used in high-rise buildings were evaluated based on the curing conditions (sealed/unsealed), and the existing prediction models were examined. It was observed that the curing condition does not significantly affect the mechanical properties of high-strength concrete, but the use of limestone coarse aggregate increases the elastic modulus when compared to granite coarse aggregate. The autogenous shrinkage of high-strength concrete is greater than that of normal-strength concrete owing to self-desiccation, resulting in a large variation from the value predicted by the model. The drying shrinkage was observed to be similar to that predicted by the model. Compressive creep was affected by the curing conditions, compressive strength, loading level, and loading age. The compressive creep of high-strength concrete varied significantly from the prediction results of ACI 209; ACI 209 was modified based on the measured values. The shrinkage and compressive creep characteristics of high-strength concrete must be reflected to predict the deformation of an actual structure exposed to various conditions.
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35

Meng, Jiang, and Xiao Dong Yang. "Analysis on the Old and New Reinforced Concrete Beam Shrinkage and Creep Difference Effect of Broadened Bridge." Applied Mechanics and Materials 178-181 (May 2012): 2027–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.178-181.2027.

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In order to analyze the shrinkage, creep effect of the old and new concrete beam after small and medium-sized span concrete slab bridge was broadened, slab beam was taken as an example, and the vertical stress of the old and new beam caused by beam body shrinkage and creep effect was analyzed, and the influence of the different construction conditions on the vertical stress of cement slab was compared by making use of different calculation methods.At the same time,the redistribution of the stress at the juncture caused by the different shrinkage, creep of the new and old concrete beams because of the time difference was analyzed. The analysis results show that the longitudinatensile stress on the new beam caused by shrinkage and creep may lead to longitudinal crack of new beams.
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36

Zvolánek, Lukáš, and Ivailo Terzijski. "Methods Considering the Concrete Creep due to Shrinkage." Solid State Phenomena 259 (May 2017): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.259.3.

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Creep of concrete is a phenomenon that is not only significant in the long term, but also at young concrete. The paper deals with methods considering the tensile creep of concrete due to shrinkage. It was proved, that the tensile creep can be taken into account by simplified methods called Age-adjusted Effective Modulus Method with the ageing coefficient χvalue falling between 0.4 and 0.45. Calculated values were experimentally verified by means of Ring-test.
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37

Awal, A. S. M. A., M. Z. A. Majid, S. M. Shirazi, and K. Y. Yuan. "Deformation Behaviour of Glass Fibre Reinforced Concrete Containing Palm Oil Fuel Ash." Applied Mechanics and Materials 780 (July 2015): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.780.33.

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Palm oil fuel ash (POFA) has been known to be a good pozzolanic material and played an effective role in improving the physical and mechanical properties of concrete. This paper highlights the results obtained from the laboratory tests on compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, creep and shrinkage of glass fibre reinforced concrete (GFRC) containing POFA. Concrete specimens of grade 30 was designed following DoE method where GFRC with 0.5% fibre content was prepared with OPC replaced by 20% POFA by weight. Laboratory tests based on short-term investigation showed that the modulus of elasticity of GFRC containing POFA in association with its compressive strength was slightly lower than that of concrete without POFA. The measured values of creep and shrinkage, however, revealed that the creep and shrinkage strain of GFRC containing POFA were higher than that of concrete with OPC alone. On the basis of short-term investigation, the one-year creep and shrinkage values of both types of concrete were also predicted by extrapolating the data obtained in this study.
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38

Zhang, Yun Tao. "Finite Element Analysis on Creep and Shrinkage of Reinforced Concrete." Advanced Materials Research 838-841 (November 2013): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.838-841.53.

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The finite element software ANSYS/CivilFEM was applied to analyses the influence of steel bar restraint on creep and shrinkage of reinforced concrete. The analysis results are in good agreement with the experiment results. When the reinforcement ratio is low, the steel bar exerts less influence on creep and shrinkage, and the influence of steel bar can be neglected in engineering application. However, the reinforcement can effectively reduce creep and shrinkage development when the reinforcement ratio is high.
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39

Charron, Jean-Philippe, Jacques Marchand, Benoît Bissonnette, and Bruno Gérard. "Étude comparative de modèles phénoménologiques décrivant le comportement au jeune âge du béton. Partie 2." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 28, no. 2 (April 1, 2001): 323–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l01-001.

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A comparative study of phenomenological models used to describe the behavior of concrete at early age was realized. The main objective of this review is to evaluate the ability of various models to predict the autogeneous shrinkage and the basic creep of concrete. The report also proposes some improvements to these models. This constitutes the second part of a series of two complementary papers.Key words : concrete, early age, phenomenological models, thermal deformation, autogeneous shrinkage, restrained shrinkage, basic creep, basic relaxation, induced stress, maturity.
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40

Charron, Jean-Philippe, Jacques Marchand, Benoît Bissonnette, and Bruno Gérard. "Étude comparative de modèles phénoménologiques décrivant le comportement au jeune âge du béton. Partie 1." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 28, no. 2 (April 1, 2001): 314–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l01-002.

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A comparative study of phenomenological models used to describe the behavior of concrete at early age was realized. The main objective of this review is to evaluate the ability of various models to predict the autogeneous shrinkage and the basic creep of concrete. The report also proposes some improvements to these models. This constitutes the first part of a series of two complementary papers.Key words: concrete, early age, phenomenological models, thermal deformation, autogeneous shrinkage, restrained shrinkage, basic creep, basic relaxation, induced stress, maturity.
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41

Peng, Keke, and Fangzhen Wen. "Analysis of shrinkage and creep effect for bridge widening based on TB-FEM method and experimental research." MATEC Web of Conferences 277 (2019): 02015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927702015.

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Based on TB-FEM method and laboratory test, the influence of shrinkage and creep on the structure of widened bridge is studied. The shrinkage test uses C50 concrete and C50 double-mixture (steel polyester fiber) concrete to prepare the standard prism specimen, and the creep test uses the 15m hollow slab which exactly has the same material, size, prestress and construction method of a real bridge as the creep test specimen. The strain-time curve obtained by shrinkage and creep is used to define the shrinkage and creep characteristics of the material, and Trost-Bazant is combined with finite element method to analyze the mechanical response of the new and old bridge splicing structure caused by shrinkage and creep. The result shows that under the condition of rigid splicing, the new bridge should be supported by the simply supported structure, and it is not suitable to use the same simply supported and continuous hollow slab as the original bridge. Theoretical analysis and example study show that combination of laboratory test and TB-FEM method can reasonably analyze the effect of shrinkage and creep on bridge widening, and provide a theoretical basis for the type selection of widening structure.
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42

Raupov, Chorikul, and Ganisher Malikov. "Creep in expanded clay concrete at different levels of stress under compression and tension." E3S Web of Conferences 365 (2023): 02008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202336502008.

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The paper analyzes the results of experimental studies of the creep of light concrete and the influence of various factors on it. A method for determining the boundary of linear creep of expanded clay concrete has been developed. Experimental studies have been carried out to determine the boundary of linear creep. Experimental creep data and the kinetics of the change in the creep measure of expanded clay concrete over time under axial compression at different levels of long–term load (0.2 - 0.7)Rb are obtained. The limiting values of the relative creep deformation and shrinkage of expanded clay concrete are determined. Empirical formulas for determining and describing the relative deformation of the nonlinear creep of expanded clay concrete, measures of the linear creep of expanded clay concrete under axial tension and compression (if there are no direct experimental data), and the nature of the change are proposed λ(t;τ1)═Cbt(t;τ1)/(t;τ1), depending on (t;τ1) according to the linear law at each site, the nature of the influence of previous loading on the strength and modulus of elasticity of concrete, the limit values of the relative creep deformation and shrinkage of expanded clay concrete.
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43

Birhane, Fiseha Nega, Sung-Il Kim, and Seung Yup Jang. "Long-Term Deflection of Prestressed Concrete Bridge Considering Nonuniform Shrinkage and Crack Propagation by Equivalent Load Approach." Applied Sciences 10, no. 21 (November 2, 2020): 7754. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10217754.

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Long-span prestressed concrete (PSC) bridges often suffer excessive deflection during their service lives. The nonuniform shrinkage strains of concrete caused by uneven moisture distributions can induce significant additional deflections, when combined with the creep and cracking of the concrete. Current design practices usually overlook these factors, and the few proposed approaches to consider them are complex and computationally expensive. This study proposes a simplified approach for considering the effect of nonuniform shrinkage by using the equivalent load concept in combination with a nonlinear analysis of the creep and cracking using three-dimensional finite element models. The long-term deflections of short-, medium-, and long-span PSC bridges are calculated under the combined effects of creep, shrinkage, and cracking. The results show that the nonuniform shrinkage effect is significant in medium- to long-span bridges, and that the cracking of the concrete reduces the stiffness, thereby increasing the long-term deflection of the bridges (more severely so in combination with creep and shrinkage). The predicted long-term deflections reasonably agree with the measured data. Thus, the equivalent load approach is effective for calculating long-term deflections considering nonuniform shrinkage strains, without the complicated and expensive coupling of moisture transport and structural analyses.
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44

Fan, Xueping, Heng Zhou, and Yuefei Liu. "Time-Dependent Reliability Analysis of RC Bridges Considering Shrinkage, Creep, Resistance Degradation, and Vehicle Load Flows." Advances in Civil Engineering 2023 (August 8, 2023): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/5111719.

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Due to concrete shrinkage, concrete creep, resistance degradation, and vehicle load flows, the long-term performance of reinforced concrete bridges exhibits time-varying characteristics. The vehicle-borne process is a nonstationary random process, which interacts with concrete shrinkage, concrete creep, and resistance degradation to cause constant changes in bridge internal force and deformation, further, bridge dynamic reliability occurs. This study presented a reasonable method for calculating the time-varying reliability of simply supported girder bridges under the effects of traffic loads and shrinkage creep. Stochastic truck-load models were simulated based on site-specific weigh-in-motion measurements, then the internal forces of the bridge were calculated when the mean value of vehicle-mounted effects increases by 1% per year. Considering the resistance degradation and load effect increase, the reliability of the RC bridge in serviceability limit state and capacity-carrying ultimate state were analyzed using first-passage probability method and Monte Carlo method, respectively. The accuracy of the proposed method was verified by comparison. The evaluation results show that the failure probability including shrinkage and creep has increased significantly; creep is affected by the bridge span and the number of main girders, and the reliability assessment results are safer for bridges with smaller spans.
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45

Wang, Hai Chao, Zhen Tian Xu, and Wen Ting Liu. "The Creep Impact on the Performance of Super-Long Reinforced Concrete Structures." Advanced Materials Research 790 (September 2013): 291–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.790.291.

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In order to study the deformation of super-long structures under the influence of creep , take fully advantage of orthogonal design to make nine series reinforced concrete beams of shrinkage-compensating to deeply analyze the function performanced by creep of the reinforced concrete structure and obtain that the time-deflection curves of volume deformation and creep deformation of shrinkage-compensating reinforced concrete beams. The results show that the creep of beams develops rapidly early and the slow development of the late. The greater the expansion stress is in the early, the greater the shrinkage strain in the late, the greater the deformation of volume. So, the appropriate mixing ratio of expansive agent is given by the experiment. It provides a scientific basis for seamless design of super-long structures.
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46

Mushunje, Kudzai, Mike Otieno, and Yunus Ballim. "Partial replacement of conventional fine aggregate with crumb tyre rubber in structural concrete – effect of particle size on compressive strength and time dependent deformations." MATEC Web of Conferences 199 (2018): 11002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819911002.

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This paper presents results of a study into the effects of truck tyre crumb rubber particle size, as fine aggregate, on the compressive strength, shrinkage and creep behaviour of structural rubberised concrete. The study is motivated by a growing interest in the use of concrete with waste tyre rubber particles, rubberised concrete, for structural applications. Three tyre crumb rubber sizes (2.36, 1.18 and 0.425 mm) were used to replace 10% by volume of fine mineral aggregates to produce concrete with a target strength of 30 MPa. The concrete was cast water-cured for 28 days and tested for shrinkage and creep for 180 days. Half of the shrinkage and creep samples were sealed with a bitumen seal to prevent drying during testing. Results show a general a decrease in compressive strength with reduction in crumb rubber size. The strength decreases by 22%, 23% and 27% for the 2.36, 1.18 and 0.425 mm mix respectively. Preliminary results show a general increase in both shrinkage and creep deformations in both drying and sealed conditions. The observed increases were checked against the limits provided in design codes to assess the applicability of the material for structural purposes.
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47

Yan, Yuan Jun, and Li Ping Qin. "Analysis of Time Effects in Steel and Concrete Composite Beams Considering Relative Slippage." Advanced Materials Research 446-449 (January 2012): 260–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.446-449.260.

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The effects of creep and shrinkage of concrete is non-ignorable to strength of steel and concrete composite beams under sustained load, and the relative slippage should be considered for internal force. Time-dependent modulus method is presented, formulas of the stress and strain at any time are deduced considering creep, shrinkage and the relative slippage. The variational stress is analysed of the steel and concrete composite beams under sustained load.
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48

Kim, Seung-Gyu, Yeong-Seong Park, and Yong-Hak Lee. "Comparison of Concrete Creep in Compression, Tension, and Bending under Drying Condition." Materials 12, no. 20 (October 15, 2019): 3357. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12203357.

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Three types of creep experiments of compression, tension, and bending were implemented to identify quantitative relations among the three types of creep under drying atmospheric conditions. In case of the bending creep experiment, two types of unreinforced concrete beams with similar dimensions were cast for use in the beam creep and shrinkage tests. The variations in the shrinkage strain within the beam depth were measured to evaluate the effect of the shrinkage variations on the bending creep strain. The beam creep strain measured within the beam depth was composed of uniform and skewed parts. The skewed parts of the creep strain were found to be dominant whereas the uniform parts were small enough to be neglected in the bending creep evaluation. This indicated that the compressive bending creep at the top surface was close to the tensile bending creep at the bottom surface. The ratios of tensile and bending creep strains to compressive creep strain were approximately 2.9 and 2.3, respectively, and the ratio of bending creep strain to tensile creep strain was approximately 0.8. Particular attention is laid on the close agreement between tensile and compressive bending creep strains even if the creep in tension is 2.9 times larger than the creep strain in compression.
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49

Lwin, M. Myint, and Bijan Khaleghi. "Time-Dependent Prestress Losses in Prestressed Concrete Girders Built of High-Performance Concrete." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1594, no. 1 (January 1997): 64–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1594-07.

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The Washington State Department of Transportation is one of several state departments of transportation involved in demonstration projects to acquire information and data on the design, fabrication, and construction of prestressed concrete bridges with high-performance concrete (HPC). Predicting the time-dependent prestress losses due to the creep and shrinkage of HPC and the relaxation of prestressing steel is difficult because of the limited experience with and data on the creep and shrinkage properties of HPC. The AASHTO load resistance factor design specification approach to estimating prestress losses is discussed, and the time-step method and the modified rate-of-creep method are introduced as ways of predicting more accurately the time-dependent prestress losses. A design example is used to compare and discuss numerically the prestress losses computed by the various methods. The modified rate-of-creep analysis method yields the lowest losses. The modified rate-of-creep method is a desirable, comprehensive, applicable, and practical method for estimating time-dependent prestress losses in composite and noncomposite prestressed concrete girders with HPC. This method is suitable for manual and electronic computation.
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50

Sakata, Kenji. "Prediction of Shrinkage and Creep of Concrete." Concrete Journal 31, no. 2 (1993): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3151/coj1975.31.2_5.

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