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Journal articles on the topic 'Concrete inspection'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Nakamura, Satoru, Atsushi Yamashita, Fumihiro Inoue, Daisuke Inoue, Yusuke Takahashi, Nobukazu Kamimura, and Takao Ueno. "Inspection Test of a Tunnel with an Inspection Vehicle for Tunnel Lining Concrete." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 31, no. 6 (December 20, 2019): 762–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2019.p0762.

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Users of bridges and tunnels are generally concerned about the aging of these structures. Periodic inspections are necessary to keep old bridges and tunnels healthy. Inspection engineers must approach the inspection points as close as possible by mobile elevating of the work platform for close visual inspection of lining concrete. The inspection of a road tunnel particularly requires traffic regulation. Furthermore, it takes much time to perform visual inspection and hammering test for the vast area. Moreover, the inspection results have variations by inspectors. We propose an “Inspection Vehicle” for inspection of tunnel lining concrete by a new technology for infrastructure maintenance. This study reports the finding on element technology of an inspection vehicle and applies a tunnel inspection test.

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2

Cho, Hae-Chang, Hyunjin Ju, Jae-Yuel Oh, Kyung Jin Lee, Kyung Won Hahm, and Kang Su Kim. "Estimation of Concrete Carbonation Depth Considering Multiple Influencing Factors on the Deterioration of Durability for Reinforced Concrete Structures." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4814609.

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While the durability of concrete structures is greatly influenced by many factors, previous studies typically considered only a single durability deterioration factor. In addition, these studies mostly conducted their experiments inside the laboratory, and it is extremely hard to find any case in which data were obtained from field inspection. Accordingly, this study proposed an Adaptive Neurofuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) algorithm that can estimate the carbonation depth of a reinforced concrete member, in which combined deterioration has been reflected based on the data obtained from field inspections of 9 buildings. The proposed ANFIS algorithm closely estimated the carbonation depths, and it is considered that, with further inspection data, a higher accuracy would be achieved. Thus, it is expected to be used very effectively for durability estimation of a building of which the inspection is performed periodically.

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3

Krieger, T. "ON THE ASYMPTOTIC BEHAVIOR OF A DISCRETE TIME INSPECTION GAME." Mathematical Modelling and Analysis 13, no. 1 (March 31, 2008): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1392-6292.2008.13.37-46.

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In many material processing and storing plants an inspector performs during some reference time interval, e.g. one year, a number of inspections because it can not be excluded that the plant operator acts illegally by violating agreed rules, e.g., diverts valuable material. The inspections guarantee that any illegal action is detected at the earliest inspection following the beginning of that illegal action. We assume that the inspector wants to choose the time points for his inspections such that the time which elapses between the beginning of the illegal action and its detection is minimized whereas the operator wants to start his illegal action such that the elapsed time is maximized. Therefore, this inspection problem is modelled as a zero‐sum game with strategies and payoffs as described. Depending on the concrete situation the start of the illegal action and the inspections can take place either at a finite number of time points or at every time point of a reference period. The first case can be modelled as a zero‐sum game with finite pure strategy sets while the latter one leads to a zero‐sum game with infinite pure strategy sets and discontinuous payoff kernel.

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4

Atadero, Jia, Abdallah, and Ozbek. "An Integrated Uncertainty-Based Bridge Inspection Decision Framework with Application to Concrete Bridge Decks." Infrastructures 4, no. 3 (August 8, 2019): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures4030050.

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The limitations of the standard two-year interval for the visual inspection of bridges required by the U.S. National Bridge Inspection Standards have been well documented, and alternative approaches to bridge inspection planning have been presented in recent literature. This paper explores a different strategy for determining the interval between inspections and the type of inspection technique to use for bridges. The foundational premise of the proposed approach is that bridge inspections are conducted to increase knowledge about the bridge’s current condition, and therefore, are only required when uncertainty about the knowledge of the bridge condition is too high. An example case of a reinforced concrete bridge deck was used to demonstrate how this approach would work. The method utilized deterioration models for predicting corrosion and crack initiation time, considering the uncertainty in the models’ parameters. Bridge inspections were used to update the current condition information and model parameters through Bayesian updating. As this paper presents a new idea for inspection planning, not all of the data or models necessary to fully develop and validate the approach currently exist. Nonetheless, the method was applied to a simulated example which demonstrates how the timing and means of bridge inspection can be tailored to provide the required data about individual bridges needed for effective bridge management decision making.

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5

Li, Songhui, Yan Zhang, and Shasha Han. "Safety inspection system and comprehensive evaluation method for concrete structure of gas pipeline tunnel based on fuzzy mathematics." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 13, no. 9 (September 2021): 168781402110460. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/16878140211046098.

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Regular safety inspections are an important guarantee to ensure the high-quality operation of concrete structures of tunnels. The Chinese West-east Gas Pipeline Project is large in scale and complex in construction environment. These tunnels are equipped with gas pipelines, and the concrete structural defects of the tunnels are continuously exacerbated during the long-term operation. There are few studies on the safety evaluation methods of concrete structures of gas tunnels. Based on the characteristics of the operation of the gas tunnels, this paper proposes the establishment of a structural safety comprehensive inspection system from the following seven aspects, that is, the void between the concrete lining and surrounding rock, the strength of the concrete lining, the thickness of the protective layer of the reinforced concrete lining, the carbonization depth of the concrete lining, the deformation of the tunnel section, the cracks in the concrete lining, and the auxiliary concrete structure of the tunnel. In addition, a corresponding quantitative determination method and safety level classification standard are established. Based on the fuzzy mathematics theory and a structural safety comprehensive inspection system, a five-level safety evaluation method for tunnel concrete structures is proposed. Finally, a comprehensive inspection and evaluation were carried out for a tunnel running across the mountain.

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6

Yasunaga, M. "Artificial Intelligence and Concrete Inspection." Concrete Journal 55, no. 11 (2017): 1008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3151/coj.55.11_1008.

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7

de Magistris, M., M. Morozov, G. Rubinacci, A. Tamburrino, and S. Ventre. "Electromagnetic inspection of concrete rebars." COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering 26, no. 2 (April 10, 2007): 389–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03321640710727746.

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8

Hugenschmidt, Johannes, and Roman Mastrangelo. "GPR inspection of concrete bridges." Cement and Concrete Composites 28, no. 4 (April 2006): 384–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2006.02.016.

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9

Fujii, Hiromitsu, Atsushi Yamashita, and Hajime Asama. "Boosting-based Visualization of Concrete Defects for Hammering Inspection." Abstracts of the international conference on advanced mechatronics : toward evolutionary fusion of IT and mechatronics : ICAM 2015.6 (2015): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeicam.2015.6.55.

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10

Lee, Seung Yeol, Sang Ho Lee, Dong Ik Shin, Young Kap Son, and Chang Soo Han. "Development of an inspection system for cracks in a concrete tunnel lining." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 34, no. 8 (August 1, 2007): 966–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l07-008.

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Over the last several decades, many concrete tunnels have been constructed for roads, highways, and railways. For safety in concrete tunnels, periodic inspections have been conducted using nondestructive testing technologies and techniques. However, nondestructive tests cannot replace visual inspection because of their slow and complicated procedures. For this reason, their use has been limited to precision inspections. Visual methods of assessment also require significant time commitments, and they produce subjective results regarding measured crack data. This study proposes an inspection system for the rapid measurement of cracks in tunnel linings and provides an objective method for assessing crack data for safety purposes. The system consists of both image data acquisition and analysis systems. The acquisition system takes images with charge-coupled device (CCD) line-scan cameras. The analysis system extracts crack information from the acquired images using image processing. Measured crack information includes the thickness, length, and orientation of cracks. To improve the accuracy of crack recognition, the geometric properties and patterns of cracks in concrete structures should be applied to image processing. This proposed system was verified through a series of experiments in both laboratory and field environments. Key words: crack, inspection, image processing, tunnel lining, tunnel safety.

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11

Xu, Hai Bin, and Zong Cai Deng. "The Inspection Method Research on Air Voids of Externally Bonded FRP for Strengthening Concrete Structures." Applied Mechanics and Materials 204-208 (October 2012): 2855–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.204-208.2855.

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Externally bonded FRP for strengthening concrete structures is widely used in concrete structures strengthening field. Many factors affect the strengthening quality, in which delaminations and air voids are two especially important factors. At present the most popular method of inspecting delaminations and air voids is hammer sounding, but this method is slow, the inspection result is easily influenced by the inspector’s experience, and the defect area can’t be measured accurately. In this paper infrared thermal imager is used, according to the inspection results with infrared thermal imager in different conditions, the influence factors to the inspection effect including surface infrared radiation rate, wind, heat source type, heating time and the test environment are analyzed. The research shows that under right conditions using infrared thermal imager to inspecting the delaminations and air voids is a convenient, quick and accurate method.

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12

Abdallah, Abdelrahman M., Rebecca A. Atadero, and Mehmet E. Ozbek. "A Comprehensive Uncertainty-Based Framework for Inspection Planning of Highway Bridges." Infrastructures 6, no. 2 (February 11, 2021): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures6020027.

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Bridge inspection standards in the United States require routine visual inspections to be conducted on most bridges at a maximum interval of two years regardless of the bridge condition. Limitations of this uniform calendar-based approach have been reported in the literature. Accordingly, the objective of this study is to provide a new systematic approach for inspection planning that integrates information from bridge condition prediction models, inspection data, and expert opinion using Bayesian analysis to enhance inspection efficiency and maintenance activities. The uncertainty-based inspection framework proposed in this study can help bridge owners avoid unnecessary or delayed inspections and repair actions, determine the inspection method, and consider more than one deterioration process or bridge component during the inspection planning process. The inspection time and method are determined based on the uncertainty and risks associated with the bridge condition. As uncertainty in the bridge condition reaches a defined threshold, an inspection is scheduled utilizing nondestructive techniques to reduce the uncertainty level. The framework is demonstrated on a new and on an existing reinforced concrete bridge deck impacted by corrosion deterioration. The results show that the framework can reduce the number of inspections by 50% compared to conventional scheduling methods, and the uncertainty regarding the bridge maintenance time is reduced by 16%.

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13

Tokuomi, Saeko, Kazuya Mori, and Akihiro Miura. "Remote-Controlled Visual Inspection Machine for Bridge Supports." Applied Mechanics and Materials 226-228 (November 2012): 1665–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.226-228.1665.

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We have developed a remote-controlled visual inspection machine for bridge supports. This inspection machine adheres to concrete structures using two sets of suction cups, and ascends by alternating movements of the two sets of suction cups. Attached to the inspection machine is a CCD video camera. Video data of the condition of bridge supports is transmitted wirelessly to the operator. The visual inspection machine can ascend vertical concrete structures and then inspect bridge supports by moving horizontally. The maximum height the machine is capable of inspecting is limited by the length of the power cables as well as the weight. It will be able to inspect higher bridge supports when the weight of power cables can be reduced. The weight and the dimensions of the testing machine are about 17 kg and 84 cm by 72cm, respectively

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14

Perin, Deniz, and Mustafa Göktepe. "Inspection of rebars in concrete blocks." International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics 38, no. 2-3 (March 13, 2012): 65–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jae-2012-1409.

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15

Costley, R. Daniel, Gary Boudreaux, and William Gene Ramsey. "Sonic inspection of concrete bridge decks." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 114, no. 4 (October 2003): 2420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4778710.

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16

Yao, Fenghui, Guifeng Shao, Ryoichi Takaue, and Akikazu Tamaki. "Automatic concrete tunnel inspection robot system." Advanced Robotics 17, no. 4 (January 2003): 319–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156855303765203029.

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17

Vogel, T., and K. Schellenberg. "Design for inspection of concrete bridges." Materials and Corrosion 63, no. 12 (September 17, 2012): 1102–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.201206721.

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18

Zinkevich, I., M. Philipp, O. Skvortsova, A. Nikonorov, Y. Volkova, O. Nikonova, S. Pavlov, L. Akimov, and A. Terleeva. "Innovative methods of concrete dams’ inspection." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 403 (December 19, 2019): 012240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/403/1/012240.

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19

Chow, Jun Kang, Kuan-fu Liu, Pin Siang Tan, Zhaoyu Su, Jimmy Wu, Zhaofeng Li, and Yu-Hsing Wang. "Automated defect inspection of concrete structures." Automation in Construction 132 (December 2021): 103959. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2021.103959.

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20

Zhang, Xiao Na, and Ming Xiao Jia. "Non-Destructive Inspection Method and Application Research of Steel Corrosion in Concrete Structures." Applied Mechanics and Materials 438-439 (October 2013): 497–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.438-439.497.

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In the reinforced concrete structure, steel corrosion is a major factor affecting the durability of existing structures, it is necessary to explore the extent of steel corrosion in order to take the necessary measures. Based on non-damaged concrete components or structures, by measuring the performance of concrete-related physical quantities, non-destructive inspection could presume strength, compactness, uniformity and defects of concrete components or structure. Combined with engineering example, non-destructive inspection technique and its application in the degree of steel corrosions inspection have great prospects through further validation.

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21

Su, Dan, Yisheng Liu, Xintong Li, and Zhicheng Cao. "Study on optimization of inspection mechanism of concrete beam bridge." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (August 12, 2021): e0256028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256028.

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China is shifting from the stage of large-scale bridge construction to the stage of equal emphasis on the construction and maintenance of bridges. The problems of low efficiency and high cost in bridge inspection are becoming more and more prominent, which threaten people’s life safety. In this paper, the deterioration state prediction model of concrete beam bridge under Boosting DT C5.0 was established as the basis, and optimization suggestions were put forward in terms of bridge inspection standards and processes, which aims to perfect the bridge inspection mechanism, realize the fine management of the bridge and prolong the service life of the bridge. Research shows that: first, the bridge inspection standard with a single index should be improved into the bridge inspection standard with multiple indexes, so as to scientifically determine the bridges that need to be inspected and optimize the allocation of maintenance resources. Second, the bridge deterioration state prediction model is used to add a screening mechanism for the bridge in the inspection plan, which can effectively reduce the workload of bridge inspection and enhance the inspection efficiency. Third, the deterioration phenomenon of coexistence between adjacent traffic assets should be fully considered and the linkage inspection mechanism of adjacent traffic assets should be established to improve the effect of bridge inspection.

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22

Rubinacci, Guglielmo, Antonello Tamburrino, and Salvatore Ventre. "Concrete rebars inspection by eddy current testing." International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics 25, no. 1-4 (May 10, 2007): 333–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jae-2007-841.

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23

KAWAI, Tadao, and Takahiro HIROFUJI. "Inspection of Void in Concrete by ImpactTest." Proceedings of the Dynamics & Design Conference 2018 (2018): 606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmedmc.2018.606.

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24

Pandey, M. D., and M. A. Nessim. "Reliability-based inspection of post-tensioned concrete slabs." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 23, no. 1 (February 1, 1996): 242–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l96-025.

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In unbonded, post-tensioned prestressed concrete slabs and beams, corrosion of prestressed tendons due to moisture ingress and their subsequent breakage has been identified as a major problem raising serious concern over the safety of aged structures. The paper presents a practical Bayesian approach to reliability assessment of such structures based on the inspection of a randomly selected sample of prestressing tendons. To minimize inspection costs, clear guidelines are presented for selecting the minimum sample size necessary to demonstrate that the annual probability of failure of an existing structure is below the target value of 10−5, implied in the Canadian Standards Association concrete design code CAN3-A23.3-M84. A systematic and cost-effective incremental strategy is developed for inspection of existing prestressed concrete structures. Key words: reliability, Bayes theorem, prestressed concrete, unbonded post-tensioned system, inspection, corrosion, probability distribution, CSA Standard CAN3-A23.3-M84, slab.

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25

Malakhova, Anna. "Estimation of cracking of reinforced concrete load-bearing construction structures at the stage of their technical inspection." MATEC Web of Conferences 251 (2018): 02040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201825102040.

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The article describes the process and causes of cracking of bearing reinforced concrete structures, revealed during the inspection of the technical condition of structural elements of buildings at the stage of their erection, at the stage of suspended construction and in the operational stage. The reasons for the appearance of cracks in reinforced concrete structures under force loads and climatic influences are analyzed. Possible reasons for the appearance of cracks in a monolithic reinforced concrete beam ceiling of a multi-storey building of a column structural system and in monolithic walls of an underground cylindrical reservoir, identified by the author of the article when inspecting the technical condition of these structures, are given. The relationship between the appearance of destructive cracks and the design errors of a monolithic reinforced concrete beam ceiling is shown. The complex nature of the causes of the appearance of cracks in the monolithic walls of the underground reservoir is revealed. The article describes the capabilities of the LIRA-CAD software package for determining the pattern and parameters of fracture-formation of reinforced concrete structures for subsequent comparison with the results of an inspection of the technical condition of structural elements of buildings and structures.

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26

Sulardi, Sulardi. "Menentukan Kualitas Hasil Perbaikan Beton Bangunan Dermaga Dengan Metode Inspeksi Teknik." Media Ilmiah Teknik Sipil 6, no. 1 (December 1, 2017): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.33084/mits.v6i1.260.

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The research objective was to provide an overview of the engineering inspection methods used in determine the quality of repair results and the quality of the results of concrete repair based on the results of concrete repair what has been done. The research method is carried out by engineering inspection methods which include visual tests and rebar test of concrete surface, compressive strength test with hammer test, test for concrete homogeneity with UPV test, test profometer concrete thickness blanket, cast drilled concrete core sampling, tensile test and concrete connection carbonation test of concrete surfaces with phenopthalein solution. The results of the research are chipping and grouting with specifications of microconcrete flowable material and repaired concrete surface protection with a thick mastic shield coating material specifications min. 300 micron DFT has been proven improve the strong quality of existing concrete by 69.40% from the compressive strength of the installed concrete design. Method Technical inspection, repair methods and specifications of the material used can be replicated for repairs damage and to determine the quality of similar repairs elsewhere.

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27

Borrmann, André, Katharina Lukas, Marc Zintel, Peter Schießl, and Michael Kluth. "BIM-Based Life-Cycle Management for Reinforced Concrete Buildings." International Journal of 3-D Information Modeling 1, no. 1 (January 2012): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ij3dim.2012010101.

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This paper introduces the concept of a BIM-based life-cycle management system for reinforced concrete buildings. The system allows one to compute a prognosis of the building’s condition taking into account the material properties of individual components, the environmental load as well as measurement data from current inspections. This prognosis then forms foundations for scheduled maintenance and repair actions in an economically efficient way. A particularly important feature of the presented system is that all input data as well as the computational results are associated with a (full) 3D Building Information Model (BIM) of the construction. In this way, an easy localization of the information is achieved facilitating both the data collection and the estimation of the building condition for engineers involved in inspection planning, inspection or the scheduling of repair actions. To further facilitate data input and interpretation, a hierarchic level-of-detail approach is employed for structuring the building model, ranging from building level down to individual hot spots. Additionally, the integration of a meta-model allows the flexible adaption of the semantic data model to specific buildings types or the particular needs of the users.

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28

Santos, R. R. F., and D. R. C. Oliveira. "Fatigue lifetime of a RC bridge along the Carajás railroad." Revista IBRACON de Estruturas e Materiais 5, no. 5 (October 2012): 627–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1983-41952012000500004.

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The aim of this paper is to present and discuss the results obtained with a methodology used to characterize the concrete and to evaluate the structural safety against fatigue of the reinforced concrete bridge number 50A located in the Carajás railroad. An "in situ" inspection was carried out in order to assess the evolution of damage in structural elements, with reference to information available in existing projects, calculation memory and reporting of previous inspections. Extractions of concrete testimonies, alkalinity tests, sclerometry, pacometry and laboratory tests were also performed to characterize the materials mechanically and estimate the structural behavior of the bridge under higher future loads.

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29

Liu, Lin, Qiang Wang, Kai Guo, Yan Xu, and Shi Long Jia. "Ultrasonic Inspection on Concrete Internal Defects of Complex Joints of Steel Reinforced Concrete (SRC) Structure Principle and Application." Advanced Materials Research 503-504 (April 2012): 1691–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.503-504.1691.

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The quality criterion and engineering application of defects detection of complex joints of steel reinforced concrete (SRC) structure by ultrasonic method were described, and some problems requiring attention. Besides, how to more effectively apply ultrasonic inspection and other detection techniques by following “TECHNOLOGICAL SPECIFICATION FOR INSPECTION OF CONCRETE DEFECTS BY ULTRASONIC METHOD” [CECS 21:2000] is discussed. It is useful way to control and monitor the quality of Complex joints of steel reinforced concrete (SRC) structure.

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30

Na, Won-Bae, and Tribikram Kundu. "EMAT-Based Inspection of Concrete-Filled Steel Pipes for Internal Voids and Inclusions." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 124, no. 3 (July 26, 2002): 265–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1491271.

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Concrete-filled steel pipes have been used as piles for supporting civil and marine structures. These piles provide good bending resistance, and can be easily spliced for long depth installation. However, these piles are usually exposed in hostile environments such as seawater and deicing materials. Thus, the outside corrosion of the steel pipe can reduce the wall thickness and the corrosion-induced delamination of internal concrete can increase internal volume or pressure. In addition, the void that can possibly exist in the pipe reduces the bending resistance. To avoid structural failure due to this type of deterioration, appropriate inspection and repair techniques are to be developed. The acoustic method is attractive for this inspection since it is relatively simple and versatile. Especially, guided wave techniques have strong potentials for this inspection because of long-distance inspection capability. There are different transducer-coupling mechanisms available for the guided wave inspection techniques. Electro-magnetic acoustic transducers (EMATs) give relatively consistent results in comparison to piezoelectric transducers since they do not need any couplant. EMATs are used for transmitting and receiving cylindrical guided waves through concrete-filled steel pipes. It is shown that EMAT-generated cylindrical guided wave techniques have good potential for the interface inspection of concrete-filled steel pipes.

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31

Hashimoto, Katsufumi, Tomoki Shiotani, Takahiro Nishida, and Toyoaki Miyagawa. "Application of Elastic-Wave Tomography to Repair Inspection in Deteriorated Concrete Structures." Journal of Disaster Research 12, no. 3 (May 29, 2017): 496–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2017.p0496.

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Currently, it is highly important to establish economical and efficient management systems for existing concrete infrastructures, in order to fulfil their service design lives and even to extend them. Severe deterioration in aging infrastructure is currently found to be a critical issue. For repairing deteriorated and damaged structures, large budgets are necessary, but budgetary restrictions are often imposed. As a result, preventive and proactive maintenance of infrastructure is desired, and inspections by non-destructive testing (NDT) methods must be applied. In terms of damage assessment and estimation of repair and retrofit recovery in concrete structures, in addition to current NDT, innovative methods must be established. For crack repair methods applied to the existing structures, inspection techniques to assess repair installations have not yet been practically developed. There are many reports that improper repair efforts have resulted in re-deterioration. Although epoxy injection and patch repair methods are widely implemented to refill internal cracks from the concrete surface, it is found in most cases that internal defects remain unknown and potentially could lead to the re-deterioration. Therefore, inspection methods to visualize internal defects in concrete must be readily implemented as a countermeasure for repair works. In the present study, the evaluation of repair effectiveness was performed in a reinforced concrete (RC) pier and a concrete wall in an existing structure. As an innovative NDT method, elastic-wave tomography is applied to evaluate three-dimensional (3D) velocity distribution before and after the repair. Penetration of the repair material and the increase in velocity due to the repair effect are visually and quantitatively identified. Additionally, a 3D tomography technique for one-side access is newly proposed, using drill-hammring to generate an elastic wave. Accordingly, the internal quality of concrete after patch repair is successfully visualized by the elastic wave velocity distribution.

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32

Chen, Hai Bin, Hui Dong Lu, Nan Ge, and Xiao Jun Tong. "The Rebound Curve Research of Inspection the High Strength Concrete." Advanced Materials Research 446-449 (January 2012): 3239–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.446-449.3239.

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Since the nineteen nineties, high strength concrete technology was developing rapidly in our country. However, high-strength concrete detection technology is relatively backward. According to the characteristic of the pumping concrete in Tangshan area and the requirements of JGJ/T23-2001, The paper adopted representative materials of Tangshan to divide high strength concrete test blocks which strength grade is from C50 to C80 into 4 ages of 14 days, 28 days, 60 days and 90 days, then adopted high strength concrete rebound apparatus to experimental research by the rebound method. At last, the test data was collected, and applied regression analysis theory, then used the principle of least square method for regression analysis. The optimal pumping concrete strength rebound curve formula could be obtained.

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33

Bu, Na Rui, Huan Qing Cai, Run Shan Bai, and Zhi Qiang Li. "Quality Inspection of Reinforced Concrete Structures and Reinforcement." Advanced Materials Research 479-481 (February 2012): 1036–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.479-481.1036.

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In the modern design and construction of building structures, building structural safety, reliability is a top priority for construction work. In combination with practical engineering quality inspection and reinforcement methods the building structure are analyzed and presented.

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34

Uehan, F. "Inspection Techniques of Concrete Bridge Members using UAV." Concrete Journal 57, no. 9 (2019): 699–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.3151/coj.57.9_699.

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35

Shimizu, T., K. Matsuyama, H. Kanada, and T. Uomoto. "Development of Inspection Software for Deteriorated Concrete Structures." Concrete Journal 43, no. 2 (2005): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3151/coj1975.43.2_41.

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36

Kanada, H., Y. Ishikawa, and T. Uomoto. "Application of Near-infrared Spectroscopy for Inspection Concrete." Concrete Journal 43, no. 3 (2005): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3151/coj1975.43.3_37.

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KOIDE, Hiroshi. "Digital Imaging Process for Inspection, Diagonosis Concrete Structure." Journal of the Japan Welding Society 73, no. 7 (2004): 510–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2207/qjjws1943.73.510.

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Ulybin, A. V. "Inspection methods of reinforcement parameters of concrete structures." Magazine of civil engineering 27, no. 1 (February 21, 2012): 4–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5862/mce.27.1.

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Hugenschmidt, J. "Concrete bridge inspection with a mobile GPR system." Construction and Building Materials 16, no. 3 (April 2002): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0950-0618(02)00015-6.

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Lai, W. L., and C. S. Poon. "Applications of Nondestructive Evaluation Techniques in Concrete Inspection." HKIE Transactions 19, no. 4 (January 2012): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1023697x.2012.10669003.

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Kepler, William F., and Kurt F. von Fay. "Non-contact inspection system for large concrete structures." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 117, no. 6 (2005): 3358. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.1948276.

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Paris, O., C. Poidevin, J. M. Rambach, and G. Nahas. "Study of phased array techniques for concrete inspection." International Journal of Microstructure and Materials Properties 1, no. 3/4 (2006): 274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijmmp.2006.011643.

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Abudayyeh, Osama, Mohammed Al Bataineh, and Ikhlas Abdel-Qader. "An imaging data model for concrete bridge inspection." Advances in Engineering Software 35, no. 8-9 (August 2004): 473–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.advengsoft.2004.06.010.

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Karla, Hornbostel, Tobias Danner, and Mette Rica Geiker. "Non-destructive Test Methods for Corrosion Detection in Reinforced Concrete Structures." Nordic Concrete Research 62, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 41–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ncr-2019-0005.

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AbstractSeveral inspection methods can be used to assess the corrosion state of steel reinforcement in concrete. Especially for periodical field surveys and monitoring, non-destructive testing (NDT) methods are to be preferred as they do not cause any or very limited damage to the existing concrete. In this paper, the corrosion state of three reinforced concrete beams exposed to marine environment for 25 years was evaluated by measuring three parameters; electrochemical potential, concrete resistivity and corrosion rate. The measurements were performed with commercial devices. It was found that all devices are applicable for field inspections. Among the methods selected for the study, the electrochemical potential measured in a fine grid and analysed statistically offered the best possibility of evaluating the corrosion state; preferably in combination with selected excavations for determination of the level of corrosion.

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Beard, A. S., and H. S. S. Tung. "The investigation and proposed rehabilitation of the Tsing Yi South Bridge, Hong Kong." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 15, no. 2 (April 1, 1988): 190–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l88-026.

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The Tsing Yi South Bridge was constructed in the early 1970s to provide access between Tsing Yi Island and the mainland at Kwai Chung. It has a prestressed concrete box girder superstructure consisting of five independent units which are monolithic with their piers and have expansion joints at the mid-span shear hinges and the abutments. During routine maintenance it was found that the superstructure cantilevers were deflecting excessively, and consequently a thorough inspection and appraisal were commissioned. These included a complete visual inspection, concrete core extraction, radiographic inspection of prestressing tendons and a programme of load testing. The bridge was also reanalyzed to check its long-term performance. Subsequently, a rehabilitation scheme was designed to recover part of the deflection. This involved the introduction of additional prestress near the box girder's top flange. Key words: prestressed concrete, structural assessment, creep, shrinkage, radiographic inspection, rehabilitation, external prestressing.

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Medeiros, M. H. F., D. E. Giordano, E. Pereira, A. Vignolo, R. Galeano, and P. Helene. "Inspeção no palacio de la luz – Montevideo: uma visão de durabilidade." Revista ALCONPAT 2, no. 2 (May 30, 2012): 89–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.21041/ra.v2i2.30.

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RESUMOO “Palacio de La Luz” é um edifício projetado pelo arquiteto Fresnedo Siri e que foi inaugurado em 1948, em Montevideu, Uruguai. Após mais de 6 décadas em serviço, esta estrutura necessitou de uma intervenção corretiva por conta de fissuras e problemas de infiltração de água pelas fachadas, que exigiram uma inspeção e diagnóstico para obter-se subsídios adequados para a correta elaboração do projeto de reabilitação. Este trabalho de inspeção e diagnóstico foi realizado em duas etapas da sua vida útil, sendo a primeira em outubro de 2004 e a segunda em janeiro de 2009. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar uma comparação de resultados obtidos nas duas inspeções, possibilitando avaliar a evolução dos fenômenos de degradação ocorrida durante esses 5 anos de intervalo. As conclusões deste trabalho são que os pilares estruturais não estão comprometidos, os pilares decorativos necessitam de recuperação imediata e a velocidade de carbonatação do concreto do Palacio de La Luz sofreu uma aceleração nos últimos anos.Palavra-Chave: inspeção; diagnóstico; concreto armado; corrosão.ABSTRACTThe "Palacio de La Luz" is a building designed by architect Fresnedo Siri and was inaugurated in 1948 in Montevideo, Uruguay. After more than six decades in service, this structure required a corrective action due to cracks and water infiltration problems in the facades, which required an inspection and diagnosis to obtain adequate subsidies for the correct preparation of the rehabilitation project. This work of inspection and diagnosis was made in two stages of its service life, the first being in October 2004 and the second in January 2009. The aim of this paper is to present a comparison of results obtained in the two inspections, allowing to evaluate the evolution of the phenomena of degradation that occurred during those five years apart. The conclusions are that the structural columns are not compromised, decorative pillars need immediate recovery and the rate of carbonation of the concrete of the Palacio de La Luz has accelerated in recent years.Key words: inspection; diagnosis; reinforced concrete; corrosion.

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Lei, Bin, Yali Ren, Ning Wang, Linsheng Huo, and Gangbing Song. "Design of a new low-cost unmanned aerial vehicle and vision-based concrete crack inspection method." Structural Health Monitoring 19, no. 6 (February 3, 2020): 1871–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1475921719898862.

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With the explosive development of the computer vision technology, more and more vision-based inspection methods enabled by unmanned aerial vehicle technologies have been researched on the crack inspection of the sundry concrete structures. However, because of the limitation of the low-cost unmanned aerial vehicle hardware, whose cost is around US$500, most of the vision-based methods are difficult to be implemented on the low-cost unmanned aerial vehicle for real-time crack inspection. To address this challenge, in this article, a new computationally efficient vision-based crack inspection method is designed and successfully implemented on a low-cost unmanned aerial vehicle. Furthermore, to reduce the acquired data samples, a new algorithm entitled crack central point method is designed to extract the effective information from the pre-processed images. The proposed vision-based crack detection method includes the following three major components: (1) the image pre-processing algorithm, (2) crack central point method, and (3) the support vector machine model–based classifier. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the new inspection method, a concrete structure inspection experiment is implemented. The experimental results indicate that this new method is able to accurately and rapidly inspect the cracks of concrete structure in real time. This new vision-based crack inspection method shows great promise for the practical application.

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Rys, Malgorzata, and Stephan Konz. "An Evaluation of Floor Surfaces." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 33, no. 8 (October 1989): 517–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128903300802.

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Three floor surfaces (concrete, a San-EZE-7/8″ thick resilient rubber mat, and a Traction Mat-3/8″ rubber mat with raised knob design) were evaluated based on foot dimensions, lower leg and foot temperature and body comfort. Nine college students (2 females) stood for one hour on each of the floor types performing two types of visual inspection: inspecting pennies for a particular year, and inspecting pennies for several years at a time. There was a significant difference in body comfort between floor surfaces. Both mats were better than concrete (although not always statistically significantly so). The Traction mat was better for upper, mid and lower back comfort; the San-EZE mat was better for lower leg, ankle, hindfoot and forefoot. The temperature of the calf and instep was significantly higher for both mats than for concrete.

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Kataoka, L. T., A. C. Marques, M. A. S. Machado, and T. N. Bittencourt. "Acquisition control and health monitoring of creep in concrete specimens." Revista IBRACON de Estruturas e Materiais 2, no. 3 (September 2009): 271–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1983-41952009000300005.

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Creep has been pointed out as one of the main causes of non-structural cracking in concrete structures. Nevertheless, their behavior on concretes made with current materials is scarcely known. The use of real time health monitoring systems of strains in structures has been demonstrated to be a high potential inspection and maintenance techniques. The aim of this paper is to contribute for the publication of acquisition control echniques and strain results from a one month health monitoring period for Brazilian commercial concrete cylindrical specimens. For that, the equipment DataTaker and the DeTransfer software was used.

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Bin, Jian, Jin Song Lei, and Juan Juan Liu. "Bearing Capacity of Reinforced Concrete Simple Beam Bridge Inspection and Analysis." Advanced Materials Research 255-260 (May 2011): 947–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.255-260.947.

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According to the recent series of bridge collapse ,and points out the importance of safety testing and bearing capacity evaluating of the bridge in active service. RC simple beam bridge occupies a considerable proportion of the existing bridge in China, this paper discussed the commonly used inspection methods and its advantages and disadvantages, and draw a conclusion that load test method is the most commonly used and the most reliable way.Then, take “Ren jia dam bridge”bearing capacity inspection test as a example ,which in the “5.12 earthquake” disaster areas JiangYou ,MianYang.Discusses the whole prosess of bearing capacity calculation and field inspection in detailed.Compares the calculation results with the field inspection,the bearing capacity of the bridge meets the requirements of passing through "80t" vehicle loads, although is strongly impacted by the seismic force.

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