Academic literature on the topic 'Concrete road bridge'

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Journal articles on the topic "Concrete road bridge"

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Phares, B. M., T. J. Wipf, and F. W. Klaiber. "Laboratory Testing of Low-Volume Road Bridge Alternative." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1624, no. 1 (1998): 148–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1624-18.

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In Iowa there are over 20,000 bridges on the secondary road system. The majority of these bridges are under the jurisdiction of county engineers with limited budgets; therefore many county engineers design and construct their own short-span bridges with their own labor force. The objective of this research is to perform laboratory testing on a bridge alternative that counties can design and construct. This concept involves the fabrication of precast units composed of two steel beams connected by a thin concrete deck. The concrete deck thickness is limited so that the units can be fabricated at
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Bodnar, Larysa, Serhii Zavhorodnii, Serhii Stepanov, and Vitalii Yastrubinetskyi. "ANALYSIS OF DURABILITY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES OF BRIDGES ACCORDING TO THEIR TYPICAL DESIGNS." Avtoshliakhovyk Ukrayiny 264, no. 4 (2020): 58–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.33868/0365-8392-2020-4-264-58-63.

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Thousands of bridges built in the 20th century are operated on Ukrainian roads. In the limited funding of the road industry of Ukraine, the age of highway bridges is constantly increasing, the number of defects in structures is growing. The largest number of defects is concentrated in the bridge spans. The main part of the bridge spans consists of prefabricated reinforced concrete beams, manufactured in factories of reinforced concrete structures according to standard designs developed in the middle of the last century. As a result of long-term operation of bridges, the shortcomings of these d
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Yu, Tong-Hua. "Concrete trussed arch bridges in China." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 14, no. 6 (1987): 820–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l87-120.

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In this paper, the following points are presented: the valuable advantages of the concrete trussed arch bridge; the design consideration and simplified analysis of the bridge; the level of secondary stresses induced in the ends of truss members; the application of prestress to tensile members and bending sections of trusses; and different ways of construction of the bridge.A five-span prestressed concrete trussed arch bridge named the Zhushanlu Road Bridge at Jingdezhen City, Jiangxi Province, is described as an example of medium span bridges of the type popularly adopted in Chinese highway sy
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Phares, B. M., F. W. Klaiber, and T. J. Wipf. "Low-Volume Road Bridge Alternative." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1696, no. 1 (2000): 178–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1696-21.

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Recent reports indicate that a significant number of the nation’s bridges are either structurally deficient or functionally obsolete. A large number of these bridges are on the secondary road system and fall under the jurisdiction of county engineers with limited budgets and engineering staff. In response to this problem, a bridge replacement system was developed for simple span bridges with minimal to no skew that county engineers can design and build with limited resources. The bridge system involves fabrication of precast units consisting of two steel beams connected with a thin reinforced
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Ghindea, Cristian Lucian, Ionut Radu Racanel, and Radu Cruciat. "Dynamic Testing of a Reinforced Concrete Road Bridge." Key Engineering Materials 601 (March 2014): 207–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.601.207.

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Considering on one hand the calculation model of the bridge, simplifying assumptions and design criteria and on the other hand the inherent differences between the project and final structure, the real structure behaviour under traffic loads can be different from that one considered in the design stage. Therefore the need of experimental tests before commissioning of bridges arises and this task is generally conditioned by complexity of the structure, the technologies used in construction and the requirements of the relevant stakeholders. The paper presents the test conditions for a reinforced
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JAROMINIAK, Andrzej, Ewa MICHALAK, and Wojciech TOMAKA. "Modernization of Concrete Arch Road Bridge." IABSE Congress Report 16, no. 8 (2000): 1366–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/222137900796313979.

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Stojic, Dragoslav, and Toma Kajganovic. "Composite timber-concrete road bridge structure." Facta universitatis - series: Architecture and Civil Engineering 5, no. 2 (2007): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuace0702141s.

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This work presents preliminary design of the road bridge made of laminated timber. The supporting system of the main bearing elements is made of the laminated timber in the system of arch with three joints; the bridge slab is designed as continuous slab, made of nine equal fields; each pair is made as composite timber-concrete beam, where the road slab is made of concrete and the needle pieces are made of timber. Fundament is based on HW piles. All the elements are designed to Eurocode.
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Mendes, P. T. C., M. L. T. Moreira, and P. M. Pimenta. "Reinforced concrete bridges: effects due to corrosion and concrete young modulus variation." Revista IBRACON de Estruturas e Materiais 5, no. 3 (2012): 388–419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1983-41952012000300008.

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Most of the Brazilian bridges of federal road network are made of reinforced concrete and are more than 30 years old, with little information about the mechanical properties of their constitutive materials. Along the service life of these bridges much modification occurred on vehicles load and geometry and in design standard. Many of them show signs of concrete and steel deterioration and their stability conditions are unknown. With the aim of contributing to the structural evaluation of reinforced concrete bridges it was decided to analyze the stresses in reinforced concrete bridge sections t
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Onyshchenko, Artur, Mykola Garkusha, Oleg Fedorenko, Oleksandr Davydenko, and Sergii Tsepelev. "Prospects of application of cement concrete coating on transport buildings." Dorogi i mosti 2021, no. 23 (2021): 178–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.36100/dorogimosti2021.23.178.

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Introduction. Road bridges are an integral part of the road network of transport infrastructure of Ukraine. The technical condition of the vast majority of road bridges does not meet modern requirements for road safety and structural reliability of structural elements.Problems. There are no recommendations for the design and installation of cement-concrete pavement on the reinforced concrete slab of the carriageway of road bridges, as well as an album of standard solutions of such structures.Goal. Analysis of the causes and types of cracking on cement concrete pavement, technical literature an
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Jia, Rui Hui, Yun Wei Chen, Yuan Qing Wang, Liang Zong, Jun Li, and Xi Min Zhang. "The Overall Optimization of Djoué Composite Steel-Concrete Bridge in the Congo (Brazzaville) National Road One Phase- II Project." Applied Mechanics and Materials 256-259 (December 2012): 1520–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.256-259.1520.

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In order to learn more about the composite steel-concrete bridge which the Djoué bridge of Congo (Brazzaville) National Road One Phase- II Project has selected, promote the design technologies of bridges and better understand and improve the relevant standards, The overall optimization design analysis of Djoué Bridge aiming at saving steel and improving bearing capacity is necessary. The Doctor Bridge was used in optimization of bridge type, concrete thickness and height of steel beam and they have been selected. It can provide technical references for the construction of the Djoué Bridge, the
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Concrete road bridge"

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Mohi, Amal A. "Performance Evaluation of Pavement Markings on Portland Cement Concrete Bridge Decks." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1238350586.

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García, Segura Tatiana. "Efficient design of post-tensioned concrete box-girder road bridges based on sustainable multi-objective criteria." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/73147.

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[EN] Bridges, as an important component of infrastructure, are expected to meet all the requirements for a modern society. Traditionally, the primary aim in bridge design has been to achieve the lowest cost while guaranteeing the structural efficiency. However, concerns regarding building a more sustainable future have change the priorities of society. Ecological and durable structures are increasingly demanded. Under these premises, heuristic optimization methods provide an effective alternative to structural designs based on experience. The emergence of new materials, structural designs and
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Topinková, Petra. "Most přes silnici I/44." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-372111.

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My master's thesis aims to design a bridge construction spanning road III/443 over road I/44. Three versions were created one of which has been developed further. It is a three span bridge with a total spread of 77.5 meters. Proposal and evaluation of bridge construction is done unassisted. Static analysis is done using Scia Engineer program. Construcion evaluation is done by valid EU norms ČSN EN 1992-1-1. Mechanical drawing, building procedure and visualisation is also included.
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Mendroková, Magda. "Most v obci Návsí přes řeku Olši." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-226070.

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The diploma thesis deals with design and assessment of steel arched bridge with the semi through bridge deck placed on the third-class road. This steel structure is drawn up to bridge water barrier – the river Olše in Návsí. The distance between axes lay on abutments is 48,5 meters. The bridge´s supporting structure consists of two steel arches angled towards each other and fastened to the foundation blocks. The supporting beam of the bridge deck is tied to the arch by tie-rods. The tie-rods are designed to the V-shaped system.
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Lykvist, Peter, and Mathias Blom. "Utmattning av vägbroar i armerad betong enligt eurokoder." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-49147.

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Since 1 January 2010 it is a requirement to use the European standards, Eurocodes, in Sweden when constructing bridges. One chapter that has caused an extra amount of problems for the engineers is the one about fatigue analysis, which resulted in us doing this thesis. To do this we had to read all of the Eurocodes that direct, or indirect deals with fatigue and calculating of such. We have read the background documents for the Eurocodes and master’s thesis in the subject. We also studied the calculations of bridges constructed by different construction firms. We have chosen to limit the thesis
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Kalců, Martin. "Stavebně technologický projekt realizace Místní komunikace ve Žďáru nad Sázavou." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227843.

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This diploma thesis deals with the development of constructive technology project od local road in Žďár nad Sázavou. Specifically, there is a solution prestressed reinforced concrete construction of the bridge over the Sázava river according to the extent of the diploma work.
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Lindtner, Tomáš. "Most na rychlostní silnici." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227570.

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The subject of Diploma’s thesis is the design of a road bridge on the R1 expressway, at km 1,293 above the road III/51311. The main content is static calculation of supporting structure consisting of four spans. Four studies were processed and the first variant of double-girder monolithic structure was chosen. The range of spans is ranging from 25 m - 30 m. Double-girder consists of two post-tensioned concrete beams and reinforced concrete slab. Static models and load effects are solved in Scia Engineer. Bridge is located in the horizontal curvature, however, compromise was elected (because of
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Vlček, Radek. "Ocelová konstrukce mostu na pozemní komunikaci." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-240323.

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The content of the thesis is a proposal of steel load-bearing structure (carrying structure of a steel) bridge of the span of 31+74+31m with the bottom bridge deck taking over the second-class road in the territory of Olomouc city. The bridge deck is created by composite steel-concrete slab with crossbars. The solution was focused on using arched construction in the middle of the bridge with different tilt of arches to the horizontal central axis of the bridge. Under the term of the solution four alternatives have been calculated. The most optimal solution was selected and processed in detail.
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Paleček, Vladimír. "Estakáda na silnici I/57." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-392190.

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The aim of the diploma thesis is the design of a continuous bridge construction of five fields in the direction of the town Albrechtice - Opava. The bridge overcame local roads and railway tracks and is part of the bypass of Albrechtice. From the three proposed variants, a pre-stressed two-beam structure was selected for the detailed solution and it is assessed according to the limit states and includes the effects of gradual construction. Further detailed drawings are drawn up.
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Kloda, Petr. "Ocelová konstrukce silničního mostu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-391963.

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The aim of the master thesis was a design of the steel-concrete composite road bridge for a main road in Ostrava. The part of the design was a variant design of the bridge which has theoretical spans equal to 44 m + 55 m + 44 m. Total span of the bridge is then 143 m. Two variants of the bearing steel structure are compared in the preliminary structural design, in the first one a twin-girder is designed and in the second one a box-girder bridge is assessed. The width of the bridge is 14 m and a launching of the bridge without temporary supports is chosen as the assembly method. The design of t
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Books on the topic "Concrete road bridge"

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Roper, Tom H. Bridge No. 5/725, Alger Road undercrossing, Bridge No. 5/803, Samish Inn undercrossing, Bridge No. 5/807, South Bellingham undercrossing: Microsilica modified concrete overlay : post construction and annual reports. Washington State Dept. of Transportation, 1991.

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Babaei, Khossrow. Evaluation of concrete overlays for bridge applications: Final report, Research Project Y-3399, Task 2. Washington State Dept. of Transportation, Planning, Research and Public Transportation Division, Research Office, 1987.

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Mak, King K. Identification of vehicular impact conditions associated with serious ran-off-road crashes. Transportation Research Board, 2010.

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LaFraugh, Robert W. Concrete overlays for bridges. Washington State Dept. of Transportation in cooperation with U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, 1986.

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Congress, Indian Roads. Code of practice for concrete road bridges. Indian Roads Congress, 2011.

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Alkali-aggregate reaction in concrete roads and bridges. Thomas Telford, 1996.

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United States. Federal Highway Administration., National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board., National Cooperative Highway Research Program., and American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials., eds. Aesthetic concrete barrier design. Transportation Research Board, 2006.

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France. Service d'e tudes techniques des routes et autoroutes. Joints de chausse e des ponts routes. SETRA, 1986.

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Mak, King K. Testing and evaluation of the W-beam transition (on steel posts with timber blockouts) to the vertical flared back concrete bridge parapet. U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Research and Development, Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center, 1997.

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International Conference on Performance of Roads, Bridges, and Airport Pavements in Hot Climates (1st 1998 Dubayy, United Arab Emirates). 1st International Conference on Performance of Roads, Bridges and Airport Pavements in Hot Climates: April 28-29, 1998, Dubai Chamber of Commerce and Industry, Dubai, U.A.E. : conference proceedings. Dubai Municipality, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Concrete road bridge"

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Kwasny, R. "Qualification Tests on PCC Systems for the Repair of Concrete Road Bridges." In Adhesion between polymers and concrete / Adhésion entre polymères et béton. Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-3454-3_64.

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"Strengthening and verification of the prestressed road bridge using external prestressing." In Concrete Repair, Rehabilitation and Retrofitting II. CRC Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781439828403-166.

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Moravcik, M., and I. Dreveny. "Strengthening and verification of the prestressed road bridge using external prestressing." In Concrete Repair, Rehabilitation and Retrofitting II. CRC Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781439828403.ch151.

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Miller, R. G., R. Nel, and E. J. Kruger. "Repair and widening of the Nels River Bridge on road R37 in South Africa." In Concrete Repair, Rehabilitation and Retrofitting IV. CRC Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b18972-88.

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Fragkakis, Nikolaos, Sergios Lambropoulos, and John-Paris Pantouvakis. "A Computer-Aided Conceptual Cost Estimating System for Pre-Stressed Concrete Road Bridges." In Civil and Environmental Engineering. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9619-8.ch024.

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The need for an environmentally friendly design of modern motorways increases the construction of bridges, which has exhibited substantial overruns above estimated costs. Therefore, easy to use, inexpensive and accurate methods for conceptual cost estimating are needed. This paper presents a computer-aided cost estimating system for pre-stressed concrete road bridges that provides estimates of the material quantities and cost of all bridge elements. It relies on a database incorporating actual data collected from recently constructed bridges and exploits material estimating models developed with statistical analysis. Different configurations are devised from short to long-span bridges, accounting for the major deck construction methods and foundation systems. The system can be easily used to provide different cost estimates to the owner, designer and contractor during the project's early stages. By allowing reliable cost estimates in a short time, the proposed computer-aided system represents a useful decision making tool.
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"Detecting wire breaks in a prestressed concrete road bridge with continuous acoustic monitoring." In Advances in Bridge Maintenance, Safety Management, and Life-Cycle Performance, Set of Book & CD-ROM. CRC Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b18175-362.

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Vega Araujo, D., J. Santos, and G. Martinez-Arguelles. "Carbon footprint of asphalt road pavements using warm mix asphalt with recycled concrete aggregates: A Colombian case study." In Pavement, Roadway, and Bridge Life Cycle Assessment 2020. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003092278-35.

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Kishira, R., T. Maeshima, Y. Koda, and I. Iwaki. "Repairing effect of latex modified rapid hardening concrete on RC road bridge decks deteriorated due to ASR and fatigue." In Bridge Maintenance, Safety, Management, Life-Cycle Sustainability and Innovations. CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429279119-160.

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"Experimental research on the prestressed concrete main beams of road bridge strengthened by CFRP tapes under static lo." In Advances in Bridge Maintenance, Safety Management, and Life-Cycle Performance, Set of Book & CD-ROM. CRC Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b18175-435.

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"4 Concrete bridges." In Alkali-aggregate reaction in concrete roads and bridges. Thomas Telford Publishing, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/aricrab.20696.0004.

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Conference papers on the topic "Concrete road bridge"

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Täljsten, Björn, Thomas Blanksvärd, Gabriel Sas, et al. "Bridges Tested to Failure in Sweden." In IABSE Conference, Copenhagen 2018: Engineering the Past, to Meet the Needs of the Future. International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/copenhagen.2018.064.

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Five bridges of different types have been tested to failure and the results have been compared to analyses of the load-carrying capacity using standard code models and advanced numerical methods. The results may help to make accurate assessments of similar existing bridges. There it is necessary to know the real behaviour, weak points, and to be able to model the load-carrying capacity in a correct way.<p> The five bridges were: (1) a strengthened one span concrete road bridge - Stora Höga ; (2) a one span concrete rail trough bridge loaded in fatigue – Lautajokk; (3) a two span strength
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Ivanković, Ana Mandić, Marija Kušter Marić, Dominik Skokandić, Ela Njirić, and Josipa Šiljeg. "Finding the link between visual inspection and key performance indicators for road bridges." In IABSE Symposium, Guimarães 2019: Towards a Resilient Built Environment Risk and Asset Management. International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/guimaraes.2019.0737.

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<p>Based on the rating from visual inspection and proposed weighting through component, system and network level, assessment procedure resulting with set of six most important Key Performance Indicators (KPI) for road bridges is presented. Those are: bridge condition assessment, structural safety, traffic safety, durability indicator, availability and bridge importance in the network. KPIs organised in the radar shaped diagram serve for priority repair ranking decisions. The procedure is elaborated at the sample of five actual bridges: two reinforced concrete arch bridges, one with solid
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Čápová, Kristýna, Lukáš Velebil, Jan Včelák, and Jaroslav Demuth. "Field Testing of FBG Based Deformation Sensors Embedded in Concrete Bridge Structure." In Fifth International Conference on Road and Rail Infrastructure. University of Zagreb Faculty of Civil Engineering, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5592/co/cetra.2018.694.

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Bily, Petr, Josef Fládr, Pavel Ryjáček, and Vojtěch Stančík. "The first bridge with polymer fibre reinforced concrete riding surface in the Czech Republic." In Fifth International Conference on Road and Rail Infrastructure. University of Zagreb Faculty of Civil Engineering, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5592/co/cetra.2018.645.

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Lunabba, Torsten, Milla Ranta, Kimmo Julku, Heikki Lilja, and Timo Tirkkonen. "Evaluating the Residual Lifetime of Road Bridges Through Simulation." In IABSE Conference, Copenhagen 2018: Engineering the Past, to Meet the Needs of the Future. International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/copenhagen.2018.008.

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<p>In 2015-2016 Destia Ltd conducted a study to examine the stress variations caused by actual traffic on two-lane road bridges. Actual traffic was studied using a purposely developed simulation software. Destia Ltd collected data of the traffic flow from automatic monitoring stations. An article based on the research was presented at the 19th IABSE Congress Stockholm, 21-23 September 2016 [1].<p> This study expands the previous analysis to include the determination of equivalent stresses that are used to estimate the fatigue damage of structural steel and reinforcing steel bars ca
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Capacci, Luca, and Fabio Biondini. "Effects of Structural Deterioration and Infrastructure Upgrading on the Life-cycle Seismic Resilience of Bridge Networks." In IABSE Conference, Kuala Lumpur 2018: Engineering the Developing World. International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/kualalumpur.2018.0340.

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<p>The life-cycle seismic resilience of aging bridges and road transportation networks is investigated considering the long-term effects of bridge structural deterioration and network upgrading interventions under uncertainty. The proposed methodology is applied to a highway network with spatially distributed reinforced concrete (RC) bridges exposed to chloride-induced corrosion and different earthquake scenarios. A new road segment including a bridge is added over the lifetime to strengthen the network connectivity and improve the system resilience. The results show the detrimental effe
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Maaskant, Robert, A. Tino Alavie, Raymond M. Measures, et al. "Fiber optic Bragg grating sensor network installed in a concrete road bridge." In 1994 North American Conference on Smart Structures and Materials, edited by James S. Sirkis. SPIE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.173977.

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Siwowski, Tomasz W., Mateusz Rajchel, and Damian Kaleta. "Development, testing and construction of the hybrid FRP composite – concrete road bridge." In IABSE Symposium, Vancouver 2017: Engineering the Future. International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/vancouver.2017.1824.

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Auzins, Roberts, and Ainars Paeglitis. "STUDY OF BRIDGE DAMAGES ON LOCAL ROADS IN LATVIA." In 11th International Conference “Environmental Engineering”. VGTU Technika, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2020.834.

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Local roads (V class roads) and the bridges on them compose a significant part of the public road network in Latvia. On local roads are around 45% of all bridges located on the national road network. These are mostly reinforced concrete bridges with short or middle span lengths, with one or two traffic lines. Due to low traffic flow, these structures are used lover maintenance classes. The lover maintenance class also includes less de-icing salt in winter maintenance and less founds for maintenance works. At the same time, some of these bridges are located on routes used by heavy timber trucks
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Arason, Magnús, Olafur S. Haraldsson, and Steve Christer. "A curved footbridge with hidden extras." In IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019: The Evolving Metropolis. International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newyork.2019.1995.

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<p>For improved safety and ease of travel for pedestrians and cyclists across the busy 4-lane main road Breidholtsbraut in the suburb of Breidholt in Reykjavik, Iceland, the Icelandic Road and Coastal Administration and Reykjavik City Council engaged EFLA Consulting Engineers and Studio Granda Architects for the design of a footbridge over the road. The bridge is an 86-m long, post-tensioned concrete girder in four spans and follows a curved alignment that plays on the landscaped surroundings. The attractive shape of the underside of the concrete girder is formed by a series of arcs; the
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Reports on the topic "Concrete road bridge"

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Fuchs, Alan, Tathagata Acharya, Luis Cabrales, Jesse Bergkamp, and Nyakundi M. Michieka. A New Materials and Design Approach for Roads, Bridges, Pavement, and Concrete. Mineta Transportation Institute, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2019.1858.

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